Abstract promise262,263Acquisitionby creation195by discovery195,201by occupation196,211civil196-197derivative207in Roman law194-200Kant's theory of210-213natural195things not subject to197Act, as basis of liability158Acting at one's peril167,178Actionde deiectis et diffusis162de recepto162in factum160in personam151noxal162Adjudicationadministrative element in122-123steps in100Administration108adjustment with law137Administrative tribunals130,136Ames, James Barr178Analogy, reasoning by32Analysis53Analytical application123-125reasoning105theory53-54Anglo-Saxon Law148Application of Law100ff.agencies of individualizing129-138analytical123-125equitable122,126-129historical125-126latitude of120,129margin of112rules142theories of123-129Aquilianculpa156,159,162Aquinas, St. Thomas25-26Aristotle25,38,76,82,138on application of law109-110threefold classification of governmental powers15Austin, John172-174,259Bacon258Bailment170,270,275Bartolus37Baty, T.166Bentham54,84Bergson141Bills of Rights43,53,216Binding164Blackstone26,180,208,268,278Buckland, W. W.161Callings, restrictions on engaging in88Camden, Lord119Canon law252,254Carrier, liability of186Casuists254Catholic jurist-theologians39Causa259civilis248,250,251debendi251,254,255Causation162,164Certainty142-143Change, reconciliation with stability30,38Cicero27,30,31,117Civilization, as a measure of value98jural postulates of,56,169-179,284Civil law,237-240Classes, social,91Codification,46-47,139-140Coke, Sir Edward,133Commentators, the,37Common Law, the, and legislation,139-140professional view as to,278types of delictal liability in,168Community property,229Composition,149,241-242Compromises,94-95Conceptions, legal,116Conditions "implied in law",259Conduct, application of law to,137-139expectations arising from,189Consciousness, as starting point,84Consideration,240,258-259,267,268,271-273,278-279adequacy of,273-274circumstances keeping doctrine alive,278-282in equity,258-259,277meanings of,276-277meritorious,259Contractanalogy of real transactions,242Anglo-American law of,257-259anomalies in law of,282bargain theory of,269,271-273by estoppel,187categories of,248civil-law enforcement of,238-240common-law categories of,274-275common-law enforcement of,240consensual,249equivalent theory of,255-256,257-259,269,273-277Fichte's theory of,261-262formal,245-271Hegel's theory of,263historical background of law of,241ff.historical category of,172historical theory of,266-269injurious-reliance theory of,261innominate,249,261Kant's theory of,261metaphysical theories of,260-265natural-law theory of,260"natural principle of",45-46objective theory of,264-265oral,282philosophy of,253philosophical theories of,241positive theory of,265real,249,275religious origins of,242-247,252Roman categories of,45,253,260,266Romanist theory of,263-265simple,275specific enforcement of,238-240Spencer's theory of,265subjective theory of,271theory of basis in personality,263-265theory of inherent moral force,259-260,261third-party beneficiaries of,273will theory of,264-265,269-271,281-282Corpus Iuris Canonici,252Court and jury,111Courts, contest with Crown,53Culpa,170,175abstract standard of,177concrete standard of,178contractual,170delictal,170Culpability158as basis of liability184fiction of158,178Custody222-223D'Aguesseau254Debt174,244,275Defamation280,281Delicts, equitable159historical category of172nominate162,169-170,175Demosthenes22Depositum249Derivative acquisition207Derry v. Peek281Dicey, A. V.184Digest of Justinian107Discovery195,201Discretion117,119,129margin of132of the chancellor130-133relation of to rule112,141-143Dispensing power113Distributions, Statute of142Division of labor56,176,191Doctor and Student252,259Doe, Chief Justice185Dolus156,159,169,175Dominium199,225Due care170,175standard of119-120Duguit, L.98,232Dumoulin39Dunedin, Lord276Duress159Duties173relational85Economic interpretation66-67,179-180Eldon, Lord47Empiricism, judicial34,283juristic34End of law54,59-99as a measure of value96Greek conception of74-77ideals of as basis of juristic theories71-72keeping the peace as72-74maximum individual self-assertion as84-87medieval conception of78-80nineteenth-century conception of83-85preserving socialstatus quoas74-81rise of new ideas as to87-99Roman conception of77-78theories of72-99English juristic theory64Englishmen, common-law rights of43,53Enterprises, conduct of137-189Equality82-85Equitable application of law122,126-129Equities121Equity28,47,57,59,117,130-133,137-138,258-259,271and natural law41,102,112,114,153,178of the tribunal102provision for a child as consideration in272,274securing a creditor as consideration in272settlement on a wife as consideration in272,274will not aid a volunteer272Ethical interpretation266Familia200Fichte, theory of contract261-262Fictions102-108,115dogmatic179,180,274of culpability178-179of negligence179of representation166,179of undertaking171Fiducia cum amico249Fifth Amendment51Finding law100,104-105Form and intention154-155Formal contracts,245,271,275historical origin of,245-247Formal undertaking,155Forms in primitive thinking,247-248Formulas, elasticity of,121Fortescue,38Fourteenth Amendment,51Freedom of contract,191,265,267-269Freedom of industry,191French Civil Code,48,162,163law of delictal liability,167-168monarchy, legal theory under,64Functional attitude,91Generalizations,145General security,72,96,149-150,171,175,176,179,193,282how infringed,177Germanic law,36,41,79,251,254Gifts, reformation of,273Gloss, The,37Glossators,40Good faith,153,155,157,170corollaries of,188-189Gray, J. C.,102Greek city, problem of order in,75security of social institutions in,75Greek law,20-27,151,175Greek philosophers, conception of the end of law,35,74-77conception of the nature of law,81conception of the general security,74on subjects of litigation,97,241Grotius,196,205-207,260Hammurapi,60Hard bargains,132Hegel,84,216,274theory of contract,262theory of property,214-216Heraditus,76Hindu law,226-227,243-245Hippodamus,241Historical application of law,125-126Historical categories,172Historical school,279Holmes, Mr. Justice,166Household, partition of,226-227Husband and wife,188matrimonial property regime,229Hybris,77Idealism, juridical,41-42,91Idealistic interpretation,266Imperium,199"Implied" undertakings,158,171Individual free self-assertion,54Individualization,111,113-114by juries,133-134in criminal procedure,138in punitive justice,134-135judicial,120-121moral element in,137of penal treatment,129-130Individual life,96Inheritance,139Innkeeper, liability of,186Insult,151Intention,189as source of liability,157Interdependence,56Interdicts,200Interests,89-90compromises of,94-95delimitation of,192giving effect to,90group,225harmony of,96individual, in promised advantages,236intrinsic importance of,95inventory of,90of substance,139,237recognition of,90,192securing of96,97valuing of89,95-99weighing of89,94Interpretation51-52,100fiction of102-108genuine105,124relation to law making105Jessel, Sir George268Judicial, contrasted with administrative108Jural postulates169-179,188,192-193,193-194,237,249,284Juridical idealism41-42,91Jurisconsults30,43-44Jurisprudence, problems of111Juristic theories, nature of69Jurists, metaphysical52,68