Ān mann wæs eardiende on Israhēla þēode, Manuēġe·hāten, of þǣre mǣġþe Dan; his wīf wæs un-tīemend, andhīe wunodon būtan ċilde. Him cōm þā gangende tō Godesęnġel, and cwæþ þæt hīe scolden habban sunu him5ġe·mǣnne; 'ne hē ealu ne drince nǣfre oþþe wīn, ne nāhtfūles ne þiċġe; sē biþ Gode hāliġ fram his ċildhāde; andman ne mōt hine ęfsian oþþe be·sċieran, for þǣm þe hēon·ġinþ tō ā·līesenne his folc, Israhēla þēode, of Philistēaþēowte.'10Hēo ā·cęnde þā sunu, swā swā hiere sæġde se ęnġel, andhēt hine Samson; and hē swīþe wēox; and God hine blētsode,and Godes gāst wæs on him. Hē wearþ þā mihtiġ onmiċelre stręnġþo, swā þæt hē ġe·lǣhte āne lēon be weġe, þehine ā·bītan wolde, and tō·bræġd hīe tō styċċum, swelce he15tō·tǣre sum ēaþelic tiċċen.Hē be·gann þā tō winnenne wiþ þā Philistēos, and hierafela of·slōg and tō scame tūcode, þēah þe hīe onweald hæfdenofer hīs lēode. Þā fērdon þā Philistēi forþ æfter Samsone,and hēton his lēode þæt hīe hine ā·ġēafen tō hiera onwealde,20þæt hīe wrecan mihten hiera tēon-rǣdenne mid tintregumon him. Hīe þā hine ġe·bundon mid twǣm bæstenum rāpumand hine ġe·lǣddon tō þǣm folce. And þā Philistēiscan þæsfæġnodon swīþe; urnon him tō·ġēanes ealle hlȳdende; woldonhine tintreġian for hiera tēonrǣdenne. Þā tō·bræġd25Samson bēġen his earmas, þæt þā rāpas tō-burston þe hē midġe·bunden wæs. And hē ġe·lǣhte þasōna sumes assanċinn-bān þe hē þǣr funde, and ġe·feaht wiþ hīe, and of·slōġān þūsend mid þæs assan ċinnbāne. Hē wearþ þā swīþeof·þyrst for þǣm wundorlican slęġe, and bæd þone heofonlican30God þæt hē him ā·sęnde drincan, for þǣm þe on þǣrenēawiste næs nān wætersċipe. Þā arn of þǣn ċinnbāneof ānum tēþ wæter; and Samson þā dranc, and his Dryhtneþancode.Æfter þissum hē fērde tō Philistēa lande, intō ānre byriġ35on hiera onwealde, Gaza ġe·hāten. And hīe þæs fæġnodon;be·sętton þā þǣt hūs þe hē inne wunode; woldon hineġe·niman mid þǣm þe hē ūt ēode on ǣrne-merġen, and hineof·slēan. Hwæt þā Samson hiera sierwunga under·ġeat; andā·rās on middre nihte tō·middes his fēondum, and ġe·nam40þā burg-ġeatu, and ġe·bær on his hryċġe mid þǣm postum,swā swā hīe be·locenu wǣron, ūp tō ānre dūne tō ufeweardumþǣm cnolle; and ēode swā or-sorg of hiera ġe·sihþum.Hine be·swāc swā·þēah siþþan ān wīf, Dalila ġe·hāten, of45þǣm hǣþnan folce, swā þæt hē hiere sæġde, þurh hiere swīcdōmbe·pǣht, on hwǣm his stręnġþo wæs and his wundorlicumiht. Þā hǣþnan Philistēi be·hēton hiere sċeattas wiþ þǣmþe hēo be·swice Samson þone strangan. Þā āscode hēohine ġeorne mid hiere ōlǣċunge on hwǣm his miht wǣre;50and hē hiere andwyrde: 'Ġif ic bēo ġe·bunden mid seofonrāpum, of sinum ġeworhte, sōna ic bēo ġe·wield.' Þætswicole wīf þā be·ġeat þā seofon rāpas, and hē þurh sierwungeswā wearþ ġe·bunden. And him man cȳþde þætþǣr cōmon his fīend; þā tō·bræc hē sōna þā rāpas, swā55swā hęfel-þrǣdas; and þæt wīf nyste on hwǣm his mihtwæs. Hē wearþ eft ġe·bunden mid eall-nīwum rāpum; andhē þā tō·bræc, swā swā þā ōþre.Hēo be·swāc hine swā·þēah, þæt hē hiere sæġde ætnīehstan: 'Ic eom Gode ġe·hālgod fram mīnum ċildhāde; and60ic næs nǣfre ġe·ęfsod, ne nǣfre be·scoren; and ġif ic bēobe·scoren, þonne bēo ic un-mihtiġ, ōþrum mannum ġe·līc;'and hēo lēt þā swā.Hēo þā on sumum dæġe, þā þā hē on slǣpe læġ, for·ċearfhis seofon loccas, and ā·weahte hine siþþan; þā wæs65hē swā unmihtiġ swā swā ōþre męnn. And þā Philistēiġe·fēngon hine sōna, swā swā hēo hine be·lǣwde, and ġe·lǣddonhine on·weġ; and hēo hæfde þone sċeatt, swā swāhim ġe·wearþ.Hīe þā hine ā·blęndon, and ġe·bundenne lǣddon on70heardum racentēagum hām tō hiera byriġ, and on cwearternebe·lucon tō langre fierste: hēton hine grindan æthiera hand-cweorne. Þā wēoxon his loccas and his mihteft on him. And þā Philistēi full·blīþe wǣron: þancodonhiera Gode, Dagon ġe·hāten, swelce hīe þurh his fultum75hiera fēond ġe·wielden.Þā Philistēi þā miċle feorme ġe·worhton, and ġe·samnodonhīe on sumre ūp-flōra, ealle þā hēafod-męnn, andēac swelce wīf-męnn, þrēo þūsend manna on miċelre blisse.And þā þā hīe blīþost wǣron, þā bǣdon hīe sume þæt Samson80mōste him macian sum gamen; and hine man sōnaġe·fętte mid swīþlicre wāfunge, and hēton hine standanbe·twix twǣm stǣnenum swēorum. On þǣm twǣm swēorumstōd þæt hūs eall ġe·worht. And Samson þā plegodeswīþe him æt·foran; and ġe·lǣhte þā swēoras mid swīþlicre85mihte, and slōg hīe tō·gædre þæt hīe sōna tō·burston; andþæt hūs þā ā·fēoll eall, þǣm folce tō dēaþe, and Samsonforþ mid, swā þæt hē miċle mā on his dēaþe ā·cwealdeþonne hē ǣr cwic dyde.
Ān mann wæs eardiende on Israhēla þēode, Manuēġe·hāten, of þǣre mǣġþe Dan; his wīf wæs un-tīemend, andhīe wunodon būtan ċilde. Him cōm þā gangende tō Godesęnġel, and cwæþ þæt hīe scolden habban sunu him5ġe·mǣnne; 'ne hē ealu ne drince nǣfre oþþe wīn, ne nāhtfūles ne þiċġe; sē biþ Gode hāliġ fram his ċildhāde; andman ne mōt hine ęfsian oþþe be·sċieran, for þǣm þe hēon·ġinþ tō ā·līesenne his folc, Israhēla þēode, of Philistēaþēowte.'
Ān mann wæs eardiende on Israhēla þēode, Manuē
ġe·hāten, of þǣre mǣġþe Dan; his wīf wæs un-tīemend, and
hīe wunodon būtan ċilde. Him cōm þā gangende tō Godes
ęnġel, and cwæþ þæt hīe scolden habban sunu him
5
ġe·mǣnne; 'ne hē ealu ne drince nǣfre oþþe wīn, ne nāht
fūles ne þiċġe; sē biþ Gode hāliġ fram his ċildhāde; and
man ne mōt hine ęfsian oþþe be·sċieran, for þǣm þe hē
on·ġinþ tō ā·līesenne his folc, Israhēla þēode, of Philistēa
þēowte.'
10Hēo ā·cęnde þā sunu, swā swā hiere sæġde se ęnġel, andhēt hine Samson; and hē swīþe wēox; and God hine blētsode,and Godes gāst wæs on him. Hē wearþ þā mihtiġ onmiċelre stręnġþo, swā þæt hē ġe·lǣhte āne lēon be weġe, þehine ā·bītan wolde, and tō·bræġd hīe tō styċċum, swelce he15tō·tǣre sum ēaþelic tiċċen.
10
Hēo ā·cęnde þā sunu, swā swā hiere sæġde se ęnġel, and
hēt hine Samson; and hē swīþe wēox; and God hine blētsode,
and Godes gāst wæs on him. Hē wearþ þā mihtiġ on
miċelre stręnġþo, swā þæt hē ġe·lǣhte āne lēon be weġe, þe
hine ā·bītan wolde, and tō·bræġd hīe tō styċċum, swelce he
15
tō·tǣre sum ēaþelic tiċċen.
Hē be·gann þā tō winnenne wiþ þā Philistēos, and hierafela of·slōg and tō scame tūcode, þēah þe hīe onweald hæfdenofer hīs lēode. Þā fērdon þā Philistēi forþ æfter Samsone,and hēton his lēode þæt hīe hine ā·ġēafen tō hiera onwealde,20þæt hīe wrecan mihten hiera tēon-rǣdenne mid tintregumon him. Hīe þā hine ġe·bundon mid twǣm bæstenum rāpumand hine ġe·lǣddon tō þǣm folce. And þā Philistēiscan þæsfæġnodon swīþe; urnon him tō·ġēanes ealle hlȳdende; woldonhine tintreġian for hiera tēonrǣdenne. Þā tō·bræġd25Samson bēġen his earmas, þæt þā rāpas tō-burston þe hē midġe·bunden wæs. And hē ġe·lǣhte þasōna sumes assanċinn-bān þe hē þǣr funde, and ġe·feaht wiþ hīe, and of·slōġān þūsend mid þæs assan ċinnbāne. Hē wearþ þā swīþeof·þyrst for þǣm wundorlican slęġe, and bæd þone heofonlican30God þæt hē him ā·sęnde drincan, for þǣm þe on þǣrenēawiste næs nān wætersċipe. Þā arn of þǣn ċinnbāneof ānum tēþ wæter; and Samson þā dranc, and his Dryhtneþancode.
Hē be·gann þā tō winnenne wiþ þā Philistēos, and hiera
fela of·slōg and tō scame tūcode, þēah þe hīe onweald hæfden
ofer hīs lēode. Þā fērdon þā Philistēi forþ æfter Samsone,
and hēton his lēode þæt hīe hine ā·ġēafen tō hiera onwealde,
20
þæt hīe wrecan mihten hiera tēon-rǣdenne mid tintregum
on him. Hīe þā hine ġe·bundon mid twǣm bæstenum rāpum
and hine ġe·lǣddon tō þǣm folce. And þā Philistēiscan þæs
fæġnodon swīþe; urnon him tō·ġēanes ealle hlȳdende; woldon
hine tintreġian for hiera tēonrǣdenne. Þā tō·bræġd
25
Samson bēġen his earmas, þæt þā rāpas tō-burston þe hē mid
ġe·bunden wæs. And hē ġe·lǣhte þasōna sumes assan
ċinn-bān þe hē þǣr funde, and ġe·feaht wiþ hīe, and of·slōġ
ān þūsend mid þæs assan ċinnbāne. Hē wearþ þā swīþe
of·þyrst for þǣm wundorlican slęġe, and bæd þone heofonlican
30
God þæt hē him ā·sęnde drincan, for þǣm þe on þǣre
nēawiste næs nān wætersċipe. Þā arn of þǣn ċinnbāne
of ānum tēþ wæter; and Samson þā dranc, and his Dryhtne
þancode.
Æfter þissum hē fērde tō Philistēa lande, intō ānre byriġ35on hiera onwealde, Gaza ġe·hāten. And hīe þæs fæġnodon;be·sętton þā þǣt hūs þe hē inne wunode; woldon hineġe·niman mid þǣm þe hē ūt ēode on ǣrne-merġen, and hineof·slēan. Hwæt þā Samson hiera sierwunga under·ġeat; andā·rās on middre nihte tō·middes his fēondum, and ġe·nam40þā burg-ġeatu, and ġe·bær on his hryċġe mid þǣm postum,swā swā hīe be·locenu wǣron, ūp tō ānre dūne tō ufeweardumþǣm cnolle; and ēode swā or-sorg of hiera ġe·sihþum.
Æfter þissum hē fērde tō Philistēa lande, intō ānre byriġ
35
on hiera onwealde, Gaza ġe·hāten. And hīe þæs fæġnodon;
be·sętton þā þǣt hūs þe hē inne wunode; woldon hine
ġe·niman mid þǣm þe hē ūt ēode on ǣrne-merġen, and hine
of·slēan. Hwæt þā Samson hiera sierwunga under·ġeat; and
ā·rās on middre nihte tō·middes his fēondum, and ġe·nam
40
þā burg-ġeatu, and ġe·bær on his hryċġe mid þǣm postum,
swā swā hīe be·locenu wǣron, ūp tō ānre dūne tō ufeweardum
þǣm cnolle; and ēode swā or-sorg of hiera ġe·sihþum.
Hine be·swāc swā·þēah siþþan ān wīf, Dalila ġe·hāten, of45þǣm hǣþnan folce, swā þæt hē hiere sæġde, þurh hiere swīcdōmbe·pǣht, on hwǣm his stręnġþo wæs and his wundorlicumiht. Þā hǣþnan Philistēi be·hēton hiere sċeattas wiþ þǣmþe hēo be·swice Samson þone strangan. Þā āscode hēohine ġeorne mid hiere ōlǣċunge on hwǣm his miht wǣre;50and hē hiere andwyrde: 'Ġif ic bēo ġe·bunden mid seofonrāpum, of sinum ġeworhte, sōna ic bēo ġe·wield.' Þætswicole wīf þā be·ġeat þā seofon rāpas, and hē þurh sierwungeswā wearþ ġe·bunden. And him man cȳþde þætþǣr cōmon his fīend; þā tō·bræc hē sōna þā rāpas, swā55swā hęfel-þrǣdas; and þæt wīf nyste on hwǣm his mihtwæs. Hē wearþ eft ġe·bunden mid eall-nīwum rāpum; andhē þā tō·bræc, swā swā þā ōþre.
Hine be·swāc swā·þēah siþþan ān wīf, Dalila ġe·hāten, of
45
þǣm hǣþnan folce, swā þæt hē hiere sæġde, þurh hiere swīcdōm
be·pǣht, on hwǣm his stręnġþo wæs and his wundorlicu
miht. Þā hǣþnan Philistēi be·hēton hiere sċeattas wiþ þǣm
þe hēo be·swice Samson þone strangan. Þā āscode hēo
hine ġeorne mid hiere ōlǣċunge on hwǣm his miht wǣre;
50
and hē hiere andwyrde: 'Ġif ic bēo ġe·bunden mid seofon
rāpum, of sinum ġeworhte, sōna ic bēo ġe·wield.' Þæt
swicole wīf þā be·ġeat þā seofon rāpas, and hē þurh sierwunge
swā wearþ ġe·bunden. And him man cȳþde þæt
þǣr cōmon his fīend; þā tō·bræc hē sōna þā rāpas, swā
55
swā hęfel-þrǣdas; and þæt wīf nyste on hwǣm his miht
wæs. Hē wearþ eft ġe·bunden mid eall-nīwum rāpum; and
hē þā tō·bræc, swā swā þā ōþre.
Hēo be·swāc hine swā·þēah, þæt hē hiere sæġde ætnīehstan: 'Ic eom Gode ġe·hālgod fram mīnum ċildhāde; and60ic næs nǣfre ġe·ęfsod, ne nǣfre be·scoren; and ġif ic bēobe·scoren, þonne bēo ic un-mihtiġ, ōþrum mannum ġe·līc;'and hēo lēt þā swā.
Hēo be·swāc hine swā·þēah, þæt hē hiere sæġde æt
nīehstan: 'Ic eom Gode ġe·hālgod fram mīnum ċildhāde; and
60
ic næs nǣfre ġe·ęfsod, ne nǣfre be·scoren; and ġif ic bēo
be·scoren, þonne bēo ic un-mihtiġ, ōþrum mannum ġe·līc;'
and hēo lēt þā swā.
Hēo þā on sumum dæġe, þā þā hē on slǣpe læġ, for·ċearfhis seofon loccas, and ā·weahte hine siþþan; þā wæs65hē swā unmihtiġ swā swā ōþre męnn. And þā Philistēiġe·fēngon hine sōna, swā swā hēo hine be·lǣwde, and ġe·lǣddonhine on·weġ; and hēo hæfde þone sċeatt, swā swāhim ġe·wearþ.
Hēo þā on sumum dæġe, þā þā hē on slǣpe læġ, for·ċearf
his seofon loccas, and ā·weahte hine siþþan; þā wæs
65
hē swā unmihtiġ swā swā ōþre męnn. And þā Philistēi
ġe·fēngon hine sōna, swā swā hēo hine be·lǣwde, and ġe·lǣddon
hine on·weġ; and hēo hæfde þone sċeatt, swā swā
him ġe·wearþ.
Hīe þā hine ā·blęndon, and ġe·bundenne lǣddon on70heardum racentēagum hām tō hiera byriġ, and on cwearternebe·lucon tō langre fierste: hēton hine grindan æthiera hand-cweorne. Þā wēoxon his loccas and his mihteft on him. And þā Philistēi full·blīþe wǣron: þancodonhiera Gode, Dagon ġe·hāten, swelce hīe þurh his fultum75hiera fēond ġe·wielden.
Hīe þā hine ā·blęndon, and ġe·bundenne lǣddon on
70
heardum racentēagum hām tō hiera byriġ, and on cwearterne
be·lucon tō langre fierste: hēton hine grindan æt
hiera hand-cweorne. Þā wēoxon his loccas and his miht
eft on him. And þā Philistēi full·blīþe wǣron: þancodon
hiera Gode, Dagon ġe·hāten, swelce hīe þurh his fultum
75
hiera fēond ġe·wielden.
Þā Philistēi þā miċle feorme ġe·worhton, and ġe·samnodonhīe on sumre ūp-flōra, ealle þā hēafod-męnn, andēac swelce wīf-męnn, þrēo þūsend manna on miċelre blisse.And þā þā hīe blīþost wǣron, þā bǣdon hīe sume þæt Samson80mōste him macian sum gamen; and hine man sōnaġe·fętte mid swīþlicre wāfunge, and hēton hine standanbe·twix twǣm stǣnenum swēorum. On þǣm twǣm swēorumstōd þæt hūs eall ġe·worht. And Samson þā plegodeswīþe him æt·foran; and ġe·lǣhte þā swēoras mid swīþlicre85mihte, and slōg hīe tō·gædre þæt hīe sōna tō·burston; andþæt hūs þā ā·fēoll eall, þǣm folce tō dēaþe, and Samsonforþ mid, swā þæt hē miċle mā on his dēaþe ā·cwealdeþonne hē ǣr cwic dyde.
Þā Philistēi þā miċle feorme ġe·worhton, and ġe·samnodon
hīe on sumre ūp-flōra, ealle þā hēafod-męnn, and
ēac swelce wīf-męnn, þrēo þūsend manna on miċelre blisse.
And þā þā hīe blīþost wǣron, þā bǣdon hīe sume þæt Samson
80
mōste him macian sum gamen; and hine man sōna
ġe·fętte mid swīþlicre wāfunge, and hēton hine standan
be·twix twǣm stǣnenum swēorum. On þǣm twǣm swēorum
stōd þæt hūs eall ġe·worht. And Samson þā plegode
swīþe him æt·foran; and ġe·lǣhte þā swēoras mid swīþlicre
85
mihte, and slōg hīe tō·gædre þæt hīe sōna tō·burston; and
þæt hūs þā ā·fēoll eall, þǣm folce tō dēaþe, and Samson
forþ mid, swā þæt hē miċle mā on his dēaþe ā·cwealde
þonne hē ǣr cwic dyde.
FROM THE CHRONICLE.
Breten īeġ-land is eahta hund mīla lang, and twā hundmīla brād; and hēr sind on þǣm īeġlande fīf ġe·þēodu:Ęnġlisc, Brettisc, Scyttisc, Pihtisc, and Bōc-læden.Ǣrest wǣron būend þisses landes Brettas. Þā cōmon5of Armenia, and ġe·sǣton sūþan-wearde Bretene ǣrest. Þāġe·lamp hit þæt Peohtas cōmon sūþan of Scithian midlangum sċipum, nā manigum; and þā cōmon ǣrest onNorþ-ibernian ūp; and þǣr bǣdon Scottas þæt hīe þǣrmōsten wunian. Ac hīe noldon him līefan, for þǣm þe hīe10cwǣdon þæt hīe ne mihten ealle æt·gædre ġe·wunian þǣr.And þā cwǣdon þā Scottas: 'Wē magon ēow hwæþre rǣdġe·lǣran: wē witon ōþer īeġland hēr-be·ēastan; þǣr ġēmagon eardian, ġif ġē willaþ; and ġif hwā ēow wiþ·stęnt,wē ēow fultumiaþ þæt ġē hit mæġen ġe·gān.'15Þā fērdon þā Peohtas, and ġefērdon þis land norþan-weard;sūþan-weard hit hæfdon Brettas, swā swā wē ǣr cwǣdon.And þā Peohtas him ā·bǣdon wīf æt Scottum on þā ġe·rādþæt hīe ġe·curen hiera cyne-cynn ā on þā wīf-healfe. Þæthīe hēoldon swā lange siþþan.20And þā ġe·lamp ymbe ġēara ryne þæt Scotta sum dǣlġe·wāt of Ibernian on Bretene, and þæs landes sumne dǣlġe·ēodon; and wæs hiera hęre-toga Rēoda ġe·hāten: framþæm hīe sind ġe·nęmnede Dālrēodi.Anno 449. Hēr Martiānus and Valentīnus on·fēngon rīċe,25and rīċsodon seofon winter.And on hiera dagum, Hęnġest and Horsa, fram Wyrtġeorneġe·laþode, Bretta cyninge, ġe·sōhton Bretene on þǣmstęde þe is ġe·nęmned Ypwines-flēot, ǣrest Brettum tō fultume,ac hīe eft on hīe fuhton.30Se cyning hēt hīe feohtan on·ġēan Peohtas; and hīe swādydon, and siġe hæfdon swā hwǣr swā hīe cōmon.Hīe þā sęndon tō Angle, and hēton him sęndan māranfultum; and hēton him sęċġan Bret-wēala nāhtnesse and þæslandes cysta. Hīe þā sęndon him māran fultum. Þā cōmon35þā męnn of þrim mǣġþum Ġermānie: of Eald-seaxum, ofĘnġlum, of Īotum.Of Īotum cōmon Cant-ware and Wiht-ware—þæt is sēomǣġþ þe nū eardaþ on Wiht—and þæt cynn on West-seaxumþe man nū·ġiet hǣtt 'Īotena cynn.' Of Eald-seaxum40cōmon Ēast-seaxe, and Sūþ-seaxe, and West-seaxe.Of Angle cōmon—sē ā siþþan stōd wēste be·twix Īotum andSeaxum—Ēast-ęnġle, Middel-ęnġle, Mierċe, and ealle Norþhymbre.455. Hēr Hęnġest and Horsa fuhton wiþ Wyrtġeorne45þǣm cyninge in þǣre stōwe þe is ġe·cweden Æġles-þrep;and his brōþor Horsan man of·slōg. And æfter þǣm Hęnġestfēng tō rīċe, and Æsc his sunu.457. Hēr Hęnġest and Æsc fuhton wiþ Brettas in þǣrestōwe þe is ġe·cweden Cręċġan-ford, and þǣr of·slōgon50fēower þūsend wera. And þā Brettas þā for·lēton Cęnt-land,and mid miċle ęġe flugon tō Lunden-byriġ.473. Hēr Henġest and Æsc ġe·fuhton wiþ Wēalas, andġe·nāmon un-ārīmedlicu hęre-rēaf, and þā Wēalas flugonþā Ęnġle swā swā fȳr.55787. Hēr nam Beorht-rīċ cyning Offan dohtor Ēad-burge.And on his dagum cōmon ǣrest þrēo sċipu; and þā seġe·rēfa þǣr tō rād, and hīe wolde drīfan tō þæs cyningestūne, þȳ hē nyste hwæt hīe wǣron; and hine man of·slōg.Þæt wǣron þā ǣrestan sċipu Dęniscra manna þe Angel-cynnes60land ġe·sōhton.851. Hēr Ċeorl ealdor-mann ġe·feaht wiþ hǣþne męnnmid Defena-sċīre æt Wiċġan-beorge, and þǣr miċel wælġe·slōgon, and siġe nāmon.And þȳ ilcan ġēare Æþelstān cyning and Ealhhęre dux65miċelne hęre of·slōgon æt Sand-wīc on Cęnt; and nigonsċipu ġe·fēngon, and þā ōþru ġe·flīemdon; and hǣþne męnnǣrest ofer winter sǣton.And þȳ ilcan ġēare cōm fēorþe healf hund sċipa onTęmese-mūþan, and brǣcon Cantwara-burg, and Lunden-burg,70and ġe·flīemdon Beorhtwulf Mierċna cyning mid hisfierde; and fērdon þā sūþ ofer Tęmese on Sūþriġe; andhim ġe·feaht wiþ Æþelwulf cyning and Æþelbeald hissunu æt Āc-lēa mid West-seaxna fierde, and þǣr þæt mǣstewæl ġe·slōgon on hǣþnum hęre þe wē sęċġan hīerdon oþ75þisne andweardan dæġ, and þǣr siġe nāmon.867. Hēr fōr se hęre of Ēast-ęnġlum ofer Humbre-mūþantō Eoforwīc-ċeastre on Norþ-hymbre. And þǣr wæs miċelun-ġeþwǣrnes þǣre þēode be·twix him selfum, and hīehæfdon hiera cyning ā·worpenne Ōsbryht, and un-ġecyndne80cyning under·fēngon Ællan. And hīe late on ġēare tō þǣmġe·ċierdon þæt hīe wiþ þone hęre winnende wǣron; and hīeþēah miċle fierd ġe·gadrodon, and þone hęre sōhton ætEoforwīc-ċeastre; and on þā ċeastre brǣcon, and hīe sumeinne wurdon; and þǣr wæs un-ġemetlic wæl ge·slæġen Norþanhymbra,85sume binnan, sume būtan, and þā cyningasbēġen ofslæġene; and sēo lāf wiþ þone hęre friþ nam.
Breten īeġ-land is eahta hund mīla lang, and twā hundmīla brād; and hēr sind on þǣm īeġlande fīf ġe·þēodu:Ęnġlisc, Brettisc, Scyttisc, Pihtisc, and Bōc-læden.
Breten īeġ-land is eahta hund mīla lang, and twā hund
mīla brād; and hēr sind on þǣm īeġlande fīf ġe·þēodu:
Ęnġlisc, Brettisc, Scyttisc, Pihtisc, and Bōc-læden.
Ǣrest wǣron būend þisses landes Brettas. Þā cōmon5of Armenia, and ġe·sǣton sūþan-wearde Bretene ǣrest. Þāġe·lamp hit þæt Peohtas cōmon sūþan of Scithian midlangum sċipum, nā manigum; and þā cōmon ǣrest onNorþ-ibernian ūp; and þǣr bǣdon Scottas þæt hīe þǣrmōsten wunian. Ac hīe noldon him līefan, for þǣm þe hīe10cwǣdon þæt hīe ne mihten ealle æt·gædre ġe·wunian þǣr.And þā cwǣdon þā Scottas: 'Wē magon ēow hwæþre rǣdġe·lǣran: wē witon ōþer īeġland hēr-be·ēastan; þǣr ġēmagon eardian, ġif ġē willaþ; and ġif hwā ēow wiþ·stęnt,wē ēow fultumiaþ þæt ġē hit mæġen ġe·gān.'
Ǣrest wǣron būend þisses landes Brettas. Þā cōmon
5
of Armenia, and ġe·sǣton sūþan-wearde Bretene ǣrest. Þā
ġe·lamp hit þæt Peohtas cōmon sūþan of Scithian mid
langum sċipum, nā manigum; and þā cōmon ǣrest on
Norþ-ibernian ūp; and þǣr bǣdon Scottas þæt hīe þǣr
mōsten wunian. Ac hīe noldon him līefan, for þǣm þe hīe
10
cwǣdon þæt hīe ne mihten ealle æt·gædre ġe·wunian þǣr.
And þā cwǣdon þā Scottas: 'Wē magon ēow hwæþre rǣd
ġe·lǣran: wē witon ōþer īeġland hēr-be·ēastan; þǣr ġē
magon eardian, ġif ġē willaþ; and ġif hwā ēow wiþ·stęnt,
wē ēow fultumiaþ þæt ġē hit mæġen ġe·gān.'
15Þā fērdon þā Peohtas, and ġefērdon þis land norþan-weard;sūþan-weard hit hæfdon Brettas, swā swā wē ǣr cwǣdon.And þā Peohtas him ā·bǣdon wīf æt Scottum on þā ġe·rādþæt hīe ġe·curen hiera cyne-cynn ā on þā wīf-healfe. Þæthīe hēoldon swā lange siþþan.
15
Þā fērdon þā Peohtas, and ġefērdon þis land norþan-weard;
sūþan-weard hit hæfdon Brettas, swā swā wē ǣr cwǣdon.
And þā Peohtas him ā·bǣdon wīf æt Scottum on þā ġe·rād
þæt hīe ġe·curen hiera cyne-cynn ā on þā wīf-healfe. Þæt
hīe hēoldon swā lange siþþan.
20And þā ġe·lamp ymbe ġēara ryne þæt Scotta sum dǣlġe·wāt of Ibernian on Bretene, and þæs landes sumne dǣlġe·ēodon; and wæs hiera hęre-toga Rēoda ġe·hāten: framþæm hīe sind ġe·nęmnede Dālrēodi.
20
And þā ġe·lamp ymbe ġēara ryne þæt Scotta sum dǣl
ġe·wāt of Ibernian on Bretene, and þæs landes sumne dǣl
ġe·ēodon; and wæs hiera hęre-toga Rēoda ġe·hāten: fram
þæm hīe sind ġe·nęmnede Dālrēodi.
Anno 449. Hēr Martiānus and Valentīnus on·fēngon rīċe,25and rīċsodon seofon winter.
Anno 449. Hēr Martiānus and Valentīnus on·fēngon rīċe,
25
and rīċsodon seofon winter.
And on hiera dagum, Hęnġest and Horsa, fram Wyrtġeorneġe·laþode, Bretta cyninge, ġe·sōhton Bretene on þǣmstęde þe is ġe·nęmned Ypwines-flēot, ǣrest Brettum tō fultume,ac hīe eft on hīe fuhton.
And on hiera dagum, Hęnġest and Horsa, fram Wyrtġeorne
ġe·laþode, Bretta cyninge, ġe·sōhton Bretene on þǣm
stęde þe is ġe·nęmned Ypwines-flēot, ǣrest Brettum tō fultume,
ac hīe eft on hīe fuhton.
30Se cyning hēt hīe feohtan on·ġēan Peohtas; and hīe swādydon, and siġe hæfdon swā hwǣr swā hīe cōmon.
30
Se cyning hēt hīe feohtan on·ġēan Peohtas; and hīe swā
dydon, and siġe hæfdon swā hwǣr swā hīe cōmon.
Hīe þā sęndon tō Angle, and hēton him sęndan māranfultum; and hēton him sęċġan Bret-wēala nāhtnesse and þæslandes cysta. Hīe þā sęndon him māran fultum. Þā cōmon35þā męnn of þrim mǣġþum Ġermānie: of Eald-seaxum, ofĘnġlum, of Īotum.
Hīe þā sęndon tō Angle, and hēton him sęndan māran
fultum; and hēton him sęċġan Bret-wēala nāhtnesse and þæs
landes cysta. Hīe þā sęndon him māran fultum. Þā cōmon
35
þā męnn of þrim mǣġþum Ġermānie: of Eald-seaxum, of
Ęnġlum, of Īotum.
Of Īotum cōmon Cant-ware and Wiht-ware—þæt is sēomǣġþ þe nū eardaþ on Wiht—and þæt cynn on West-seaxumþe man nū·ġiet hǣtt 'Īotena cynn.' Of Eald-seaxum40cōmon Ēast-seaxe, and Sūþ-seaxe, and West-seaxe.Of Angle cōmon—sē ā siþþan stōd wēste be·twix Īotum andSeaxum—Ēast-ęnġle, Middel-ęnġle, Mierċe, and ealle Norþhymbre.
Of Īotum cōmon Cant-ware and Wiht-ware—þæt is sēo
mǣġþ þe nū eardaþ on Wiht—and þæt cynn on West-seaxum
þe man nū·ġiet hǣtt 'Īotena cynn.' Of Eald-seaxum
40
cōmon Ēast-seaxe, and Sūþ-seaxe, and West-seaxe.
Of Angle cōmon—sē ā siþþan stōd wēste be·twix Īotum and
Seaxum—Ēast-ęnġle, Middel-ęnġle, Mierċe, and ealle Norþhymbre.
455. Hēr Hęnġest and Horsa fuhton wiþ Wyrtġeorne45þǣm cyninge in þǣre stōwe þe is ġe·cweden Æġles-þrep;and his brōþor Horsan man of·slōg. And æfter þǣm Hęnġestfēng tō rīċe, and Æsc his sunu.
455. Hēr Hęnġest and Horsa fuhton wiþ Wyrtġeorne
45
þǣm cyninge in þǣre stōwe þe is ġe·cweden Æġles-þrep;
and his brōþor Horsan man of·slōg. And æfter þǣm Hęnġest
fēng tō rīċe, and Æsc his sunu.
457. Hēr Hęnġest and Æsc fuhton wiþ Brettas in þǣrestōwe þe is ġe·cweden Cręċġan-ford, and þǣr of·slōgon50fēower þūsend wera. And þā Brettas þā for·lēton Cęnt-land,and mid miċle ęġe flugon tō Lunden-byriġ.
457. Hēr Hęnġest and Æsc fuhton wiþ Brettas in þǣre
stōwe þe is ġe·cweden Cręċġan-ford, and þǣr of·slōgon
50
fēower þūsend wera. And þā Brettas þā for·lēton Cęnt-land,
and mid miċle ęġe flugon tō Lunden-byriġ.
473. Hēr Henġest and Æsc ġe·fuhton wiþ Wēalas, andġe·nāmon un-ārīmedlicu hęre-rēaf, and þā Wēalas flugonþā Ęnġle swā swā fȳr.
473. Hēr Henġest and Æsc ġe·fuhton wiþ Wēalas, and
ġe·nāmon un-ārīmedlicu hęre-rēaf, and þā Wēalas flugon
þā Ęnġle swā swā fȳr.
55787. Hēr nam Beorht-rīċ cyning Offan dohtor Ēad-burge.And on his dagum cōmon ǣrest þrēo sċipu; and þā seġe·rēfa þǣr tō rād, and hīe wolde drīfan tō þæs cyningestūne, þȳ hē nyste hwæt hīe wǣron; and hine man of·slōg.Þæt wǣron þā ǣrestan sċipu Dęniscra manna þe Angel-cynnes60land ġe·sōhton.
55
787. Hēr nam Beorht-rīċ cyning Offan dohtor Ēad-burge.
And on his dagum cōmon ǣrest þrēo sċipu; and þā se
ġe·rēfa þǣr tō rād, and hīe wolde drīfan tō þæs cyninges
tūne, þȳ hē nyste hwæt hīe wǣron; and hine man of·slōg.
Þæt wǣron þā ǣrestan sċipu Dęniscra manna þe Angel-cynnes
60
land ġe·sōhton.
851. Hēr Ċeorl ealdor-mann ġe·feaht wiþ hǣþne męnnmid Defena-sċīre æt Wiċġan-beorge, and þǣr miċel wælġe·slōgon, and siġe nāmon.
851. Hēr Ċeorl ealdor-mann ġe·feaht wiþ hǣþne męnn
mid Defena-sċīre æt Wiċġan-beorge, and þǣr miċel wæl
ġe·slōgon, and siġe nāmon.
And þȳ ilcan ġēare Æþelstān cyning and Ealhhęre dux65miċelne hęre of·slōgon æt Sand-wīc on Cęnt; and nigonsċipu ġe·fēngon, and þā ōþru ġe·flīemdon; and hǣþne męnnǣrest ofer winter sǣton.
And þȳ ilcan ġēare Æþelstān cyning and Ealhhęre dux
65
miċelne hęre of·slōgon æt Sand-wīc on Cęnt; and nigon
sċipu ġe·fēngon, and þā ōþru ġe·flīemdon; and hǣþne męnn
ǣrest ofer winter sǣton.
And þȳ ilcan ġēare cōm fēorþe healf hund sċipa onTęmese-mūþan, and brǣcon Cantwara-burg, and Lunden-burg,70and ġe·flīemdon Beorhtwulf Mierċna cyning mid hisfierde; and fērdon þā sūþ ofer Tęmese on Sūþriġe; andhim ġe·feaht wiþ Æþelwulf cyning and Æþelbeald hissunu æt Āc-lēa mid West-seaxna fierde, and þǣr þæt mǣstewæl ġe·slōgon on hǣþnum hęre þe wē sęċġan hīerdon oþ75þisne andweardan dæġ, and þǣr siġe nāmon.
And þȳ ilcan ġēare cōm fēorþe healf hund sċipa on
Tęmese-mūþan, and brǣcon Cantwara-burg, and Lunden-burg,
70
and ġe·flīemdon Beorhtwulf Mierċna cyning mid his
fierde; and fērdon þā sūþ ofer Tęmese on Sūþriġe; and
him ġe·feaht wiþ Æþelwulf cyning and Æþelbeald his
sunu æt Āc-lēa mid West-seaxna fierde, and þǣr þæt mǣste
wæl ġe·slōgon on hǣþnum hęre þe wē sęċġan hīerdon oþ
75
þisne andweardan dæġ, and þǣr siġe nāmon.
867. Hēr fōr se hęre of Ēast-ęnġlum ofer Humbre-mūþantō Eoforwīc-ċeastre on Norþ-hymbre. And þǣr wæs miċelun-ġeþwǣrnes þǣre þēode be·twix him selfum, and hīehæfdon hiera cyning ā·worpenne Ōsbryht, and un-ġecyndne80cyning under·fēngon Ællan. And hīe late on ġēare tō þǣmġe·ċierdon þæt hīe wiþ þone hęre winnende wǣron; and hīeþēah miċle fierd ġe·gadrodon, and þone hęre sōhton ætEoforwīc-ċeastre; and on þā ċeastre brǣcon, and hīe sumeinne wurdon; and þǣr wæs un-ġemetlic wæl ge·slæġen Norþanhymbra,85sume binnan, sume būtan, and þā cyningasbēġen ofslæġene; and sēo lāf wiþ þone hęre friþ nam.
867. Hēr fōr se hęre of Ēast-ęnġlum ofer Humbre-mūþan
tō Eoforwīc-ċeastre on Norþ-hymbre. And þǣr wæs miċel
un-ġeþwǣrnes þǣre þēode be·twix him selfum, and hīe
hæfdon hiera cyning ā·worpenne Ōsbryht, and un-ġecyndne
80
cyning under·fēngon Ællan. And hīe late on ġēare tō þǣm
ġe·ċierdon þæt hīe wiþ þone hęre winnende wǣron; and hīe
þēah miċle fierd ġe·gadrodon, and þone hęre sōhton æt
Eoforwīc-ċeastre; and on þā ċeastre brǣcon, and hīe sume
inne wurdon; and þǣr wæs un-ġemetlic wæl ge·slæġen Norþanhymbra,
85
sume binnan, sume būtan, and þā cyningas
bēġen ofslæġene; and sēo lāf wiþ þone hęre friþ nam.
KING EDMUND.
Sum swīþe ġe·lǣred munuc cōm sūþan ofer sǣ fram sancteBenedictes stōwe, on Æþelredes cyninges dæġe, to Dūnstāneærċe-biscope, þrim ġēarum ǣr þǣm þe hē forþ·fērde,and se munuc hātte Abbo. Þā wurdon hīe æt sprǣċe, oþ5þæt Dūnstān reahte be sancte Ēadmunde, swā swā Ēadmundessweord-bora hit reahte Æþelstāne cyninge, þā þāDūnstān ġēong mann wæs, and se sweord-bora wæs for·ealdodmann. Þā ġe·sętte se munuc ealle þā, ġe·ręċednesse onānre bēc, and eft, þā þā sēo bōc cōm tō ūs, binnan fēam10ġēarum, þā ā·węndon wē hit on Ęnġlisc, swā swā hit hēr·æfterstęnt. Se munuc þā Abbo binnan twǣm ġēarum ġe·węndehām tō his mynstre, and wearþ sōna tō abbodeġe·sętt on þǣm ilcan mynstre.Ēadmund se ēadiga, Ēast-ęnġla cyning, wæs snotor and15weorþfull, and weorþode simle mid æþelum þēawum þoneælmihtigan God. Hē wæs ēaþ-mōd and ġe·þungen, andswā ān-rǣd þurh·wunode þæt hē nolde ā·būgan tō bismerfullumleahtrum, ne on nāwþre healfe hē ne ā·hielde hisþēawas, ac wæs simle ġe·myndiġ þǣre sōþan lāre: 'Ġif þū20eart tō hēafod-męnn ġe·sętt, ne ā·hęfe þū þē, ac bēo be·twixmannum swā swā ān mann of him.' Hē wæscystiġ wǣdlum and widewum swā swā fæder, and midwel-willendnesse ġe·wissode his folc simle tō riht-wīsnesse,and þǣm rēþum stīerde, and ġe·sǣliġlīce leofode on sōþum25ġe·lēafan.Hit ġe·lamp þā æt nīehstan þæt þā Dęniscan lēode fērdonmid sċip-hęre, hęrgiende and slēande wīde ġeond land, swāswā hiera ġe·wuna is. On þǣm flotan wǣron þā fyrmestanhēafod-męnn, Hinguar and Hubba, ġe·ānlǣhte þurh dēofol,30and hīe on Norþhymbra-lande ġe·lęndon mid æscum, andā·wēston þæt land, and þā lēode of·slōgon. Þā ġe·węndeHinguar ēast mid his sċipum, and Hubba be·lāf on Norþhymbra-lande,ġe·wunnenum siġe mid wæl-hrēownesse.Hinguar þā be·cōm tō Ēast-ęnġlum rōwende on þǣm ġēare35þe Ælfred æþeling ān and twęntiġ ġēara wæs, sē þe West-seaxnacyning siþþan wearþ mǣre. And se fore-sæġdaHinguar fǣrlīce, swā swā wulf, on lande be·stealcode, andþā lēode slōg, weras and wīf, and þā unġewittigan ċīld,and to bismere tūcode þā bilewītan Crīstenan. Hē sęnde40þā siþþan sōna tō þǣm cyninge bēotlic ǣrende, þæt hēā·būgan scolde tō his mann-rǣdenne, ġif hē his fēores rōhte.Se ǣrend-raca cōm þā tō Ēadmunde cyninge, and Hinguaresǣrende him arodlīce ā·bēad: 'Hinguar ūre cyning, cēneand siġefæst on sǣ and on lande, hæfþ fela þēoda ġe·weald,45and cōm nū mid fierde fǣrlīce hēr tō lande, þæthē hēr winter-setl mid his werode hæbbe. Nū hǣtt hē þēdǣlan þīne dīeglan gold-hordas and þīnra ieldrena ġe·strēonarodlīce wiþ hine, and þū bēo his under-cyning, ġif þūcwic bēon wilt, for þǣm þe þū næfst þā miht þæt þū mæġe50him wiþ·standan.'Hwæt þā Ēadmund cyning clipode ānne biscop þe himþā ġe·hęndost wæs, and wiþ hine smēade hū hē þǣmrēþan Hinguare andwyrdan scolde. Þā forhtode se biscopfor þǣm fǣrlican ġe·limpe, and for þæs cyninges līfe,55and cwæþ þæt him rǣd þūhte þæt hē tō þǣm ġe·buge þehim bēad Hinguar. Þā swīgode se cyning, and be·seahtō þǣre eorþan, and cwæþ þā æt nīehstan cynelīce himtō: 'Ēalā þū biscop, tō bismere sind ġe·tāwode þās earmanland-lēode, and mē nū lēofre wǣre þæt ic on ġe·feohte60fēolle wiþ þǣm þe mīn folc mōste hiera eardes brūcan.'And se biscop cwæþ: 'Ēalā þū lēofa cyning, þīn folclīþ of·slæġen, and þū næfst þone fultum þæt þū feohtanmæġe, and þās flot-męnn cumaþ, and þē cwicne ġe·bindaþ,būtan þū mid flēame þīnum fēore ġe·beorge, oþþe þū þē swā65ġe·beorge þæt þū būge tō him.' Þā cwæþ Ēadmund cyning,swā swā hē full·cēne wæs: 'þæs ic ġe·wilniġe and ġe·wȳsċemid mōde þæt ic āna ne be·līfe æfter mīnum lēofum þeġnum,þe on hiera będdum wurdon mid bearnum and wīfum fǣrlīceof·slæġene fram þissum flot-mannum. Næs mē nǣfre ġe·wunelic70þæt ic worhte flēames, ac ic wolde swīþor sweltan,ġif ic þorfte, for mīnum āgnum earde, and se ælmihtiga Godwāt þæt ic nyle ā·būgan fram his bī-gęnġum ǣfre, ne framhis sōþre lufe, swelte ic, libbe ic.'Æfter þissum wordum hē ġe·węnde tō þǣm ǣrend-racan þe75Hinguar him tō sęnde, and sæġde him un·forht: 'Witodlīceþū wǣre nū wierþe slęġes, ac ic nyle ā·fȳlan on þīnum fūlumblōde mīne clǣnan handa, for þǣm þe ic Crīste folgiġe, þeūs swā ġe·bȳsnode; ac ic blīþelīce wile bēon of·slæġenþurh ēow, ġif hit swā God fore-sċēawaþ. Far nū swīþe hraþe,80and sęġe þīnum rēþan hlāforde, "ne ā·bȳhþ nǣfre ĒadmundHinguare on līfe, hǣþnum hęre-togan, būtan hē to HǣlendeCrīste ǣrest mid ġe·lēafan on þissum lande ġe·būge."'Þā ġe·węnde se ǣrend-raca arodlīce on·weġ, and ġe·mēttebe weġe þone wæl-hrēowan Hinguar mid ealre his fierde85fūse to Ēadmunde, and sæġde þǣm ārleasan hū him ġe·andwyrdwæs. Hinguar bebēad þā mid bieldo þǣm sċip-hęreþæt hīe þæs cyninges ānes ealle cēpan scolden, þe his hǣsefor·seah, and hine sōna bindan.Hwæt þā Ēadmund cyning, mid þǣm þe Hinguar cōm,90stōd innan his healle, þæs Hǣlendes ġe·myndiġ, and ā·wearphis wǣpnu: wolde ġe·efenlǣċan Crīstes ġe·bȳsnungum, þefor·bēad Petre mid wǣpnum tō winnenne wiþ þā wælhrēowanIūdēiscan. Hwæt þā ārlēasan þā Ēadmund ġe·bundon, andġe·bismrodon huxlīce, and bēoton mid sāglum, and swā95siþþan lǣddon þone ġe·lēaffullan cyning tō ānum eorþ-faestantrēowe, and tīeġdon hine þǣr-tō mid heardum bęndum,and hine eft swungon langlīce mid swipum; and hēsimle clipode be·twix þǣm swinglum mid sōþum ġe·lēafan tōHǣlende Crīste; and þā hǣþnan þā for his ġe·lēafan wurdon100wōdlīce ierre, for þǣm þe hē clipode Crīst him tō fultume:hīe scuton þā mid gafelocum him tō, swelce him to gamene,oþ þæt hē eall wæs be·sętt mid hiera scotungum, swelce īlesbyrsta, swā swā Sebastiānus wæs. Þā ġe·seah Hinguar, seārlēasa flotmann, þæt se æþela cyning nolde Crīste wiþ·sacan,105ac mid ānrǣdum ġe·lēafan hine ǣfre clipode: hēt hine þābe·hēafdian, and þā hǣþnan swā dydon. Be·twix þǣm þe hēclipode tō Crīste þā·ġiet, þā tugon þā hǣþnan þone hālgantō slęġe, and mid ānum swęnġe slōgon him of þæt hēafod,and his sāwol sīþode ġe·sǣliġ tō Crīste. Þǣr wæs sum110mann ġe·hęnde ġe·healden, þurh God be·hȳdd þǣm hǣþnum,þe þis ġe·hīerde eall, and hit eft sæġde, swā swā wē hitsęċġaþ hēr.Hwæt þā se flot-hęre fērde eft tō sċipe, and be·hȳddon þæthēafod þæs hālgan Ēadmundes on þǣm þiċċum brēmlum,115þæt hit be·byrġed ne wurde. Þā æfter fierste siþþan hīeā·farene wǣron, cōm þæt land-folc tō, þe þǣr tō lāfe wæs,þǣr hiera hlāfordes līc læġ būtan hēafde, and wurdon swiþesāriġe for his slęġe on mōde, and hūru þæt hīe næfden þæthēafod tō þǣm bodiġe. Þā sæġde se sċēawere þe hit ǣr120ġe·seah, þæt þā flotmęnn hæfden þæt hēafod mid him; andwæs him ġe·þūht, swā swā hit wæs full·sōþ, þæt hīe behȳddenþæt hēafod on þǣm holte for·hwega.Hīe ēodon þā ęndemes ealle tō þǣm wuda, sēċende ġe·hwǣr,ġeond þȳflas and brēmlas, ġif hīe ā-hwǣr mihten125ġe·mētan þæt hēafod. Wæs ēac miċel wundor þæt ān wulfwearþ ā·sęnd, þurh Godes wissunge, tō be·węrienne þæthēafod wiþ þā ōþru dēor ofer dæġ and niht. Hīe ēodon þāsēċende and simle clipiende, swā swā hit ġe·wunelic is þǣmþe on wuda gāþ oft, 'hwǣr eart þū nū, ġe·fēra?' And him130andwyrde þæt hēafod, 'hēr, hēr, hēr;' and swā ġe·lōmeclipode andswariende him eallum, swā oft swā hiera ǣniġclipode, oþ þæt hīe ealle be·cōmon þurh þā clipunge him tō.Þā læġ se grǣga wulf þe be·wiste þæt hēafod, and mid histwǣm fōtum hæfde þæt hēafod be·clypped, grǣdiġ and hungriġ,135and for Gode ne dorste þæs hēafdes on·byrġan, achēold hit wiþ dēor. Þā wurdon hīe of·wundrode þæswulfes hierd-rǣdenne, and þæt hāliġe hēafod hām fęredonmid him, þanciende þǣm Ælmihtigan ealra his wundra.Ac se wulf folgode forþ mid þǣm hēafde, oþ þæt hīe tō140tūne cōmon, swelce hē tam wære, and ġe·węnde eft siþþantō wuda on·ġēan.Þā land-lēode þā siþþan lęġdon þæt hēafod tō þǣm hālganbodiġe, and be·byriġdon swā hīe sēlest mihton on swelcrehrædunge, and ċiriċan ā·rǣrdon sōna him on·uppan. Eft145þā on fierste, æfter fela ġēarum, þā sēo hęrgung ġe·swāc,and sibb wearþ for·ġiefen þǣm ġe·swęnċtan folce, þā fēngonhīe tō·gædre, and worhton āne ċiriċan weorþlīce þǣm hālgan,for þǣm þe ge·lōme wundru wurdon æt his byrġenne, ætþǣm ġe·bed-hūse þǣr hē be·byrġed wæs. Hīe woldon þā150fęrian mid folclicre weorþmynde þone hālgan līchaman, andlęċġan innan þǣre ċiriċan. Þā wæs miċel wundor þæt hēwæs eall swā ġe·hāl swelce hē cwic wǣre, mid clǣnum līchaman,and his swēora wæs ġe·hǣled, þe ǣr wæs for·slæġen, andwæs swelce ān seolcen þrǣd ymbe his swēoran, mannum tō155sweotolunge hū hē ofs·læġen wæs. Ēac swelce þā wunda,þe þā wælhrēowan hǣþnan mid ġe·lōmum scotungum on hislīce macodon, wǣron ġe·hǣlde þurh þone heofonlican God;and hē; līþ swā onsund oþ þisne and-weardan dæġ, and-bīdiendeǣristes and þæs ēċan wuldres. His līchama ūs160cȳþþ, þe līþ un-formolsnod, þæt hē būtan for·liġre hēr onworulde leofode, and mid clǣnum līfe tō; Crīste sīþode.Sum widewe wunode, Ōswyn ġe·hāten, æt þæs hālganbyrġenne, on ġe·bedum and fæstennum manigu ġēar siþþan.Sēo wolde ęfsian ǣlce ġēare þone sanct, and his næġlas165ċeorfan sīeferlīce mid lufe, and on scrīne healdan tō hāliġ-dōmeon weofode. Þa weorþode þæt land-folc mid ġe·lēafan þonesanct, and Þēodred biscop þearle mid ġiefum on golde andon seolfre, þǣm sancte tō weorþmynde.Þā cōmon on sumne sǣl un-ġesǣlige þēofas eahta on170ānre nihte tō þǣm ār-weorþan hālgan: woldon stelan þāmāþmas þe męnn þider brōhton, and cunnodon mid cræftehū hīe inn cuman mihten. Sum slōg mid slęċġe swīþe þāhæspan, sum hiera mid fēolan fēolode ymb·ūtan, sum ēacunder·dealf þā duru mid spadan, sum hiera mid hlǣddre wolde175on·lūcan þǣt ēag-þȳrel; ac hīe swuncon on īdel, and earmlīcefērdon, swā þæt se hālga wer hīe wundorlīce ġe·band,ǣlcne swā hē stōd strūtiendne mid tōle, þæt hiera nān nemihte þæt morþ ġe·fręmman ne hīe þanon ā·styrian; acstōdon swā oþ merġen. Męnn þā þæs wundrodon, hū þā180weargas hangodon, sum on hlǣddre, sum lēat tō ġe·delfe,and ǣlc on his weorce wæs fæste ġe·bunden. Hīe wurdonþā ġe·brōhte tō þǣm biscope ealle, and hē hēt hīe ā·hōn onhēam ġealgum ealle; ac hē næs nā ġe·myndiġ hū se mildheortaGod clipode þurh his wītegan þās word þe hēr standaþ:185Eos qui ducuntur ad mortem eruere ne cesses, 'þā þe man lǣtttō dēaþe ā·līes hīe ūt simle.' And ēac þā hālgan canōnesbēc ġe·hādodum for·bēodaþ ġe biscopum ġe prēostum tōbēonne ymbe þēofas, for þǣm þe hit ne ġe·byreþ þǣm þebēop ġe·corene Gode to þeġnienne þæt hīe ġe·þwǣrlǣċan190scylen on ǣniġes mannes dēaþe, ġif hīe bēoþ Dryhtnesþeġnas. Eft þā Þēodred biscop sċēawode his bēc, hē siþþanbe·hrēowsode mid ġēomrunge þæt hē swā rēþne dōm sętteþǣm unġesǣligum þēofum, and hit be·sārgode ǣfre oþ hislīfes ęnde, and þā lēode bæd ġeorne þæt hīe him mid fæsten195fullīce þrīe dagas, biddende þone Ælmihtigan þæt hē himārian scolde.On þǣm lande wæs sum mann, Lēofstān ġe·hāten, rīċefor worulde, un-ġewittiġ for Gode; sē rād tō þǣm hālganmid rīċetere swīþe, and hēt him æt·īewan orgellīce swīþe200þone hālgan sanct, hwæþer hē ġe·sund wǣre; ac swā hraþeswā hē ġe·seah þæs sanctes līchaman, þā ā·wēdde hē sōna,and wæl-hrēowlīce grymetode, and earmlīce ġe·ęndode yflumdēaþe. Þis is þǣm ġe·līc þe se ġe·lēaffulla pāpa Gregōriussæġde on his ġesętnesse be þǣm hālgan Laurentie, þe līþ on205Rōme-byriġ, þæt męnn wolden sċēawian hū hē lǣġe ġegōde ġe yfle; ac God hīe ġe·stilde swā þæt þǣr swultonon þǣre sċēawunge seofon męnn æt·gædre; þā ġeswiconþā ōþre tō sċēawienne þone martyr mid męnniscum ġe·dwylde.210Fela wundra wē ġe·hīerdon on folclicre sprǣċe be þǣmhālgan Ēadmunde, þe wē hēr nyllaþ on ġe·write sęttan, ac hīewāt ġe·hwā. On þissum hālgan is sweotol, and on swelcumōþrum, þæt God ælmihtiġ mæġ þone mann ā·rǣran eft ondōmes dæġe onsundne of eorþan, sē þe hielt Ēadmund hālne215his līchaman oþ þone mīċlan dæġ, þēah þe hē on moldan cōme.Wierþe wǣre sēo stōw for þǣm weorþfullan hālgan þæt hīeman weorþode and wel ġe·lōgode mid clǣnum Godes þēowumtō Crīstes þēowdōme; for þǣm þe se hālga is mǣrra þonnemęnn mæġen ā·smēan. Nis Angel-cynn be·dǣled Dryhtnes220hālgena, þonne on Ęnġla-lande liċġaþ swelce hālgan swelceþes hālga cyning, and Cūþberht se ēadiga and sancteÆþelþrȳþ on Ēliġ, and ēac hiere sweostor, onsund on līchaman,ġe·lēafan tō trymmunge. Sind ēac fela ōþre onAngel-cynne hālgan, þe fela wundra wyrċaþ, swā swā hit225wīde is cūþ, þǣm Ælmihtigan tō lofe, þe hīe on ġe·līefdon.Crīst ġe·sweotolaþ mannum þurh his mǣre hālgan þæt hē isælmihtiġ God þe wyrċþ swelc wundru, þēah þe þā earmanIūdēiscan hine eallunga wiþ·sōcen, for þǣm þe hīe sindā·wierġde, swā swā hīe wȳsċton him selfum. Ne bēoþ nān230wundru ġe·worht æt hiera byrġennum, for þǣm þe hīe neġe·līefaþ on þone lifiendan Crīst; ac Crīst ġe·sweotolaþmannum hwǣr se gōda ġe·lēafa is, þonne hē swelc wundruwyrċþ þurh his hālgan wīde ġeond þās eorþan, þæs him sīewuldor and lof ā mid his heofonlicum Fæder and þǣm Hālgan235Gāste, ā būtan ęnde.
Sum swīþe ġe·lǣred munuc cōm sūþan ofer sǣ fram sancteBenedictes stōwe, on Æþelredes cyninges dæġe, to Dūnstāneærċe-biscope, þrim ġēarum ǣr þǣm þe hē forþ·fērde,and se munuc hātte Abbo. Þā wurdon hīe æt sprǣċe, oþ5þæt Dūnstān reahte be sancte Ēadmunde, swā swā Ēadmundessweord-bora hit reahte Æþelstāne cyninge, þā þāDūnstān ġēong mann wæs, and se sweord-bora wæs for·ealdodmann. Þā ġe·sętte se munuc ealle þā, ġe·ręċednesse onānre bēc, and eft, þā þā sēo bōc cōm tō ūs, binnan fēam10ġēarum, þā ā·węndon wē hit on Ęnġlisc, swā swā hit hēr·æfterstęnt. Se munuc þā Abbo binnan twǣm ġēarum ġe·węndehām tō his mynstre, and wearþ sōna tō abbodeġe·sętt on þǣm ilcan mynstre.
Sum swīþe ġe·lǣred munuc cōm sūþan ofer sǣ fram sancte
Benedictes stōwe, on Æþelredes cyninges dæġe, to Dūnstāne
ærċe-biscope, þrim ġēarum ǣr þǣm þe hē forþ·fērde,
and se munuc hātte Abbo. Þā wurdon hīe æt sprǣċe, oþ
5
þæt Dūnstān reahte be sancte Ēadmunde, swā swā Ēadmundes
sweord-bora hit reahte Æþelstāne cyninge, þā þā
Dūnstān ġēong mann wæs, and se sweord-bora wæs for·ealdod
mann. Þā ġe·sętte se munuc ealle þā, ġe·ręċednesse on
ānre bēc, and eft, þā þā sēo bōc cōm tō ūs, binnan fēam
10
ġēarum, þā ā·węndon wē hit on Ęnġlisc, swā swā hit hēr·æfter
stęnt. Se munuc þā Abbo binnan twǣm ġēarum ġe·węnde
hām tō his mynstre, and wearþ sōna tō abbode
ġe·sętt on þǣm ilcan mynstre.
Ēadmund se ēadiga, Ēast-ęnġla cyning, wæs snotor and15weorþfull, and weorþode simle mid æþelum þēawum þoneælmihtigan God. Hē wæs ēaþ-mōd and ġe·þungen, andswā ān-rǣd þurh·wunode þæt hē nolde ā·būgan tō bismerfullumleahtrum, ne on nāwþre healfe hē ne ā·hielde hisþēawas, ac wæs simle ġe·myndiġ þǣre sōþan lāre: 'Ġif þū20eart tō hēafod-męnn ġe·sętt, ne ā·hęfe þū þē, ac bēo be·twixmannum swā swā ān mann of him.' Hē wæscystiġ wǣdlum and widewum swā swā fæder, and midwel-willendnesse ġe·wissode his folc simle tō riht-wīsnesse,and þǣm rēþum stīerde, and ġe·sǣliġlīce leofode on sōþum25ġe·lēafan.
Ēadmund se ēadiga, Ēast-ęnġla cyning, wæs snotor and
15
weorþfull, and weorþode simle mid æþelum þēawum þone
ælmihtigan God. Hē wæs ēaþ-mōd and ġe·þungen, and
swā ān-rǣd þurh·wunode þæt hē nolde ā·būgan tō bismerfullum
leahtrum, ne on nāwþre healfe hē ne ā·hielde his
þēawas, ac wæs simle ġe·myndiġ þǣre sōþan lāre: 'Ġif þū
20
eart tō hēafod-męnn ġe·sętt, ne ā·hęfe þū þē, ac bēo be·twix
mannum swā swā ān mann of him.' Hē wæs
cystiġ wǣdlum and widewum swā swā fæder, and mid
wel-willendnesse ġe·wissode his folc simle tō riht-wīsnesse,
and þǣm rēþum stīerde, and ġe·sǣliġlīce leofode on sōþum
25
ġe·lēafan.
Hit ġe·lamp þā æt nīehstan þæt þā Dęniscan lēode fērdonmid sċip-hęre, hęrgiende and slēande wīde ġeond land, swāswā hiera ġe·wuna is. On þǣm flotan wǣron þā fyrmestanhēafod-męnn, Hinguar and Hubba, ġe·ānlǣhte þurh dēofol,30and hīe on Norþhymbra-lande ġe·lęndon mid æscum, andā·wēston þæt land, and þā lēode of·slōgon. Þā ġe·węndeHinguar ēast mid his sċipum, and Hubba be·lāf on Norþhymbra-lande,ġe·wunnenum siġe mid wæl-hrēownesse.Hinguar þā be·cōm tō Ēast-ęnġlum rōwende on þǣm ġēare35þe Ælfred æþeling ān and twęntiġ ġēara wæs, sē þe West-seaxnacyning siþþan wearþ mǣre. And se fore-sæġdaHinguar fǣrlīce, swā swā wulf, on lande be·stealcode, andþā lēode slōg, weras and wīf, and þā unġewittigan ċīld,and to bismere tūcode þā bilewītan Crīstenan. Hē sęnde40þā siþþan sōna tō þǣm cyninge bēotlic ǣrende, þæt hēā·būgan scolde tō his mann-rǣdenne, ġif hē his fēores rōhte.Se ǣrend-raca cōm þā tō Ēadmunde cyninge, and Hinguaresǣrende him arodlīce ā·bēad: 'Hinguar ūre cyning, cēneand siġefæst on sǣ and on lande, hæfþ fela þēoda ġe·weald,45and cōm nū mid fierde fǣrlīce hēr tō lande, þæthē hēr winter-setl mid his werode hæbbe. Nū hǣtt hē þēdǣlan þīne dīeglan gold-hordas and þīnra ieldrena ġe·strēonarodlīce wiþ hine, and þū bēo his under-cyning, ġif þūcwic bēon wilt, for þǣm þe þū næfst þā miht þæt þū mæġe50him wiþ·standan.'
Hit ġe·lamp þā æt nīehstan þæt þā Dęniscan lēode fērdon
mid sċip-hęre, hęrgiende and slēande wīde ġeond land, swā
swā hiera ġe·wuna is. On þǣm flotan wǣron þā fyrmestan
hēafod-męnn, Hinguar and Hubba, ġe·ānlǣhte þurh dēofol,
30
and hīe on Norþhymbra-lande ġe·lęndon mid æscum, and
ā·wēston þæt land, and þā lēode of·slōgon. Þā ġe·węnde
Hinguar ēast mid his sċipum, and Hubba be·lāf on Norþhymbra-lande,
ġe·wunnenum siġe mid wæl-hrēownesse.
Hinguar þā be·cōm tō Ēast-ęnġlum rōwende on þǣm ġēare
35
þe Ælfred æþeling ān and twęntiġ ġēara wæs, sē þe West-seaxna
cyning siþþan wearþ mǣre. And se fore-sæġda
Hinguar fǣrlīce, swā swā wulf, on lande be·stealcode, and
þā lēode slōg, weras and wīf, and þā unġewittigan ċīld,
and to bismere tūcode þā bilewītan Crīstenan. Hē sęnde
40
þā siþþan sōna tō þǣm cyninge bēotlic ǣrende, þæt hē
ā·būgan scolde tō his mann-rǣdenne, ġif hē his fēores rōhte.
Se ǣrend-raca cōm þā tō Ēadmunde cyninge, and Hinguares
ǣrende him arodlīce ā·bēad: 'Hinguar ūre cyning, cēne
and siġefæst on sǣ and on lande, hæfþ fela þēoda ġe·weald,
45
and cōm nū mid fierde fǣrlīce hēr tō lande, þæt
hē hēr winter-setl mid his werode hæbbe. Nū hǣtt hē þē
dǣlan þīne dīeglan gold-hordas and þīnra ieldrena ġe·strēon
arodlīce wiþ hine, and þū bēo his under-cyning, ġif þū
cwic bēon wilt, for þǣm þe þū næfst þā miht þæt þū mæġe
50
him wiþ·standan.'
Hwæt þā Ēadmund cyning clipode ānne biscop þe himþā ġe·hęndost wæs, and wiþ hine smēade hū hē þǣmrēþan Hinguare andwyrdan scolde. Þā forhtode se biscopfor þǣm fǣrlican ġe·limpe, and for þæs cyninges līfe,55and cwæþ þæt him rǣd þūhte þæt hē tō þǣm ġe·buge þehim bēad Hinguar. Þā swīgode se cyning, and be·seahtō þǣre eorþan, and cwæþ þā æt nīehstan cynelīce himtō: 'Ēalā þū biscop, tō bismere sind ġe·tāwode þās earmanland-lēode, and mē nū lēofre wǣre þæt ic on ġe·feohte60fēolle wiþ þǣm þe mīn folc mōste hiera eardes brūcan.'And se biscop cwæþ: 'Ēalā þū lēofa cyning, þīn folclīþ of·slæġen, and þū næfst þone fultum þæt þū feohtanmæġe, and þās flot-męnn cumaþ, and þē cwicne ġe·bindaþ,būtan þū mid flēame þīnum fēore ġe·beorge, oþþe þū þē swā65ġe·beorge þæt þū būge tō him.' Þā cwæþ Ēadmund cyning,swā swā hē full·cēne wæs: 'þæs ic ġe·wilniġe and ġe·wȳsċemid mōde þæt ic āna ne be·līfe æfter mīnum lēofum þeġnum,þe on hiera będdum wurdon mid bearnum and wīfum fǣrlīceof·slæġene fram þissum flot-mannum. Næs mē nǣfre ġe·wunelic70þæt ic worhte flēames, ac ic wolde swīþor sweltan,ġif ic þorfte, for mīnum āgnum earde, and se ælmihtiga Godwāt þæt ic nyle ā·būgan fram his bī-gęnġum ǣfre, ne framhis sōþre lufe, swelte ic, libbe ic.'
Hwæt þā Ēadmund cyning clipode ānne biscop þe him
þā ġe·hęndost wæs, and wiþ hine smēade hū hē þǣm
rēþan Hinguare andwyrdan scolde. Þā forhtode se biscop
for þǣm fǣrlican ġe·limpe, and for þæs cyninges līfe,
55
and cwæþ þæt him rǣd þūhte þæt hē tō þǣm ġe·buge þe
him bēad Hinguar. Þā swīgode se cyning, and be·seah
tō þǣre eorþan, and cwæþ þā æt nīehstan cynelīce him
tō: 'Ēalā þū biscop, tō bismere sind ġe·tāwode þās earman
land-lēode, and mē nū lēofre wǣre þæt ic on ġe·feohte
60
fēolle wiþ þǣm þe mīn folc mōste hiera eardes brūcan.'
And se biscop cwæþ: 'Ēalā þū lēofa cyning, þīn folc
līþ of·slæġen, and þū næfst þone fultum þæt þū feohtan
mæġe, and þās flot-męnn cumaþ, and þē cwicne ġe·bindaþ,
būtan þū mid flēame þīnum fēore ġe·beorge, oþþe þū þē swā
65
ġe·beorge þæt þū būge tō him.' Þā cwæþ Ēadmund cyning,
swā swā hē full·cēne wæs: 'þæs ic ġe·wilniġe and ġe·wȳsċe
mid mōde þæt ic āna ne be·līfe æfter mīnum lēofum þeġnum,
þe on hiera będdum wurdon mid bearnum and wīfum fǣrlīce
of·slæġene fram þissum flot-mannum. Næs mē nǣfre ġe·wunelic
70
þæt ic worhte flēames, ac ic wolde swīþor sweltan,
ġif ic þorfte, for mīnum āgnum earde, and se ælmihtiga God
wāt þæt ic nyle ā·būgan fram his bī-gęnġum ǣfre, ne fram
his sōþre lufe, swelte ic, libbe ic.'
Æfter þissum wordum hē ġe·węnde tō þǣm ǣrend-racan þe75Hinguar him tō sęnde, and sæġde him un·forht: 'Witodlīceþū wǣre nū wierþe slęġes, ac ic nyle ā·fȳlan on þīnum fūlumblōde mīne clǣnan handa, for þǣm þe ic Crīste folgiġe, þeūs swā ġe·bȳsnode; ac ic blīþelīce wile bēon of·slæġenþurh ēow, ġif hit swā God fore-sċēawaþ. Far nū swīþe hraþe,80and sęġe þīnum rēþan hlāforde, "ne ā·bȳhþ nǣfre ĒadmundHinguare on līfe, hǣþnum hęre-togan, būtan hē to HǣlendeCrīste ǣrest mid ġe·lēafan on þissum lande ġe·būge."'
Æfter þissum wordum hē ġe·węnde tō þǣm ǣrend-racan þe
75
Hinguar him tō sęnde, and sæġde him un·forht: 'Witodlīce
þū wǣre nū wierþe slęġes, ac ic nyle ā·fȳlan on þīnum fūlum
blōde mīne clǣnan handa, for þǣm þe ic Crīste folgiġe, þe
ūs swā ġe·bȳsnode; ac ic blīþelīce wile bēon of·slæġen
þurh ēow, ġif hit swā God fore-sċēawaþ. Far nū swīþe hraþe,
80
and sęġe þīnum rēþan hlāforde, "ne ā·bȳhþ nǣfre Ēadmund
Hinguare on līfe, hǣþnum hęre-togan, būtan hē to Hǣlende
Crīste ǣrest mid ġe·lēafan on þissum lande ġe·būge."'
Þā ġe·węnde se ǣrend-raca arodlīce on·weġ, and ġe·mēttebe weġe þone wæl-hrēowan Hinguar mid ealre his fierde85fūse to Ēadmunde, and sæġde þǣm ārleasan hū him ġe·andwyrdwæs. Hinguar bebēad þā mid bieldo þǣm sċip-hęreþæt hīe þæs cyninges ānes ealle cēpan scolden, þe his hǣsefor·seah, and hine sōna bindan.
Þā ġe·węnde se ǣrend-raca arodlīce on·weġ, and ġe·mētte
be weġe þone wæl-hrēowan Hinguar mid ealre his fierde
85
fūse to Ēadmunde, and sæġde þǣm ārleasan hū him ġe·andwyrd
wæs. Hinguar bebēad þā mid bieldo þǣm sċip-hęre
þæt hīe þæs cyninges ānes ealle cēpan scolden, þe his hǣse
for·seah, and hine sōna bindan.
Hwæt þā Ēadmund cyning, mid þǣm þe Hinguar cōm,90stōd innan his healle, þæs Hǣlendes ġe·myndiġ, and ā·wearphis wǣpnu: wolde ġe·efenlǣċan Crīstes ġe·bȳsnungum, þefor·bēad Petre mid wǣpnum tō winnenne wiþ þā wælhrēowanIūdēiscan. Hwæt þā ārlēasan þā Ēadmund ġe·bundon, andġe·bismrodon huxlīce, and bēoton mid sāglum, and swā95siþþan lǣddon þone ġe·lēaffullan cyning tō ānum eorþ-faestantrēowe, and tīeġdon hine þǣr-tō mid heardum bęndum,and hine eft swungon langlīce mid swipum; and hēsimle clipode be·twix þǣm swinglum mid sōþum ġe·lēafan tōHǣlende Crīste; and þā hǣþnan þā for his ġe·lēafan wurdon100wōdlīce ierre, for þǣm þe hē clipode Crīst him tō fultume:hīe scuton þā mid gafelocum him tō, swelce him to gamene,oþ þæt hē eall wæs be·sętt mid hiera scotungum, swelce īlesbyrsta, swā swā Sebastiānus wæs. Þā ġe·seah Hinguar, seārlēasa flotmann, þæt se æþela cyning nolde Crīste wiþ·sacan,105ac mid ānrǣdum ġe·lēafan hine ǣfre clipode: hēt hine þābe·hēafdian, and þā hǣþnan swā dydon. Be·twix þǣm þe hēclipode tō Crīste þā·ġiet, þā tugon þā hǣþnan þone hālgantō slęġe, and mid ānum swęnġe slōgon him of þæt hēafod,and his sāwol sīþode ġe·sǣliġ tō Crīste. Þǣr wæs sum110mann ġe·hęnde ġe·healden, þurh God be·hȳdd þǣm hǣþnum,þe þis ġe·hīerde eall, and hit eft sæġde, swā swā wē hitsęċġaþ hēr.
Hwæt þā Ēadmund cyning, mid þǣm þe Hinguar cōm,
90
stōd innan his healle, þæs Hǣlendes ġe·myndiġ, and ā·wearp
his wǣpnu: wolde ġe·efenlǣċan Crīstes ġe·bȳsnungum, þe
for·bēad Petre mid wǣpnum tō winnenne wiþ þā wælhrēowan
Iūdēiscan. Hwæt þā ārlēasan þā Ēadmund ġe·bundon, and
ġe·bismrodon huxlīce, and bēoton mid sāglum, and swā
95
siþþan lǣddon þone ġe·lēaffullan cyning tō ānum eorþ-faestan
trēowe, and tīeġdon hine þǣr-tō mid heardum bęndum,
and hine eft swungon langlīce mid swipum; and hē
simle clipode be·twix þǣm swinglum mid sōþum ġe·lēafan tō
Hǣlende Crīste; and þā hǣþnan þā for his ġe·lēafan wurdon
100
wōdlīce ierre, for þǣm þe hē clipode Crīst him tō fultume:
hīe scuton þā mid gafelocum him tō, swelce him to gamene,
oþ þæt hē eall wæs be·sętt mid hiera scotungum, swelce īles
byrsta, swā swā Sebastiānus wæs. Þā ġe·seah Hinguar, se
ārlēasa flotmann, þæt se æþela cyning nolde Crīste wiþ·sacan,
105
ac mid ānrǣdum ġe·lēafan hine ǣfre clipode: hēt hine þā
be·hēafdian, and þā hǣþnan swā dydon. Be·twix þǣm þe hē
clipode tō Crīste þā·ġiet, þā tugon þā hǣþnan þone hālgan
tō slęġe, and mid ānum swęnġe slōgon him of þæt hēafod,
and his sāwol sīþode ġe·sǣliġ tō Crīste. Þǣr wæs sum
110
mann ġe·hęnde ġe·healden, þurh God be·hȳdd þǣm hǣþnum,
þe þis ġe·hīerde eall, and hit eft sæġde, swā swā wē hit
sęċġaþ hēr.
Hwæt þā se flot-hęre fērde eft tō sċipe, and be·hȳddon þæthēafod þæs hālgan Ēadmundes on þǣm þiċċum brēmlum,115þæt hit be·byrġed ne wurde. Þā æfter fierste siþþan hīeā·farene wǣron, cōm þæt land-folc tō, þe þǣr tō lāfe wæs,þǣr hiera hlāfordes līc læġ būtan hēafde, and wurdon swiþesāriġe for his slęġe on mōde, and hūru þæt hīe næfden þæthēafod tō þǣm bodiġe. Þā sæġde se sċēawere þe hit ǣr120ġe·seah, þæt þā flotmęnn hæfden þæt hēafod mid him; andwæs him ġe·þūht, swā swā hit wæs full·sōþ, þæt hīe behȳddenþæt hēafod on þǣm holte for·hwega.
Hwæt þā se flot-hęre fērde eft tō sċipe, and be·hȳddon þæt
hēafod þæs hālgan Ēadmundes on þǣm þiċċum brēmlum,
115
þæt hit be·byrġed ne wurde. Þā æfter fierste siþþan hīe
ā·farene wǣron, cōm þæt land-folc tō, þe þǣr tō lāfe wæs,
þǣr hiera hlāfordes līc læġ būtan hēafde, and wurdon swiþe
sāriġe for his slęġe on mōde, and hūru þæt hīe næfden þæt
hēafod tō þǣm bodiġe. Þā sæġde se sċēawere þe hit ǣr
120
ġe·seah, þæt þā flotmęnn hæfden þæt hēafod mid him; and
wæs him ġe·þūht, swā swā hit wæs full·sōþ, þæt hīe behȳdden
þæt hēafod on þǣm holte for·hwega.
Hīe ēodon þā ęndemes ealle tō þǣm wuda, sēċende ġe·hwǣr,ġeond þȳflas and brēmlas, ġif hīe ā-hwǣr mihten125ġe·mētan þæt hēafod. Wæs ēac miċel wundor þæt ān wulfwearþ ā·sęnd, þurh Godes wissunge, tō be·węrienne þæthēafod wiþ þā ōþru dēor ofer dæġ and niht. Hīe ēodon þāsēċende and simle clipiende, swā swā hit ġe·wunelic is þǣmþe on wuda gāþ oft, 'hwǣr eart þū nū, ġe·fēra?' And him130andwyrde þæt hēafod, 'hēr, hēr, hēr;' and swā ġe·lōmeclipode andswariende him eallum, swā oft swā hiera ǣniġclipode, oþ þæt hīe ealle be·cōmon þurh þā clipunge him tō.Þā læġ se grǣga wulf þe be·wiste þæt hēafod, and mid histwǣm fōtum hæfde þæt hēafod be·clypped, grǣdiġ and hungriġ,135and for Gode ne dorste þæs hēafdes on·byrġan, achēold hit wiþ dēor. Þā wurdon hīe of·wundrode þæswulfes hierd-rǣdenne, and þæt hāliġe hēafod hām fęredonmid him, þanciende þǣm Ælmihtigan ealra his wundra.Ac se wulf folgode forþ mid þǣm hēafde, oþ þæt hīe tō140tūne cōmon, swelce hē tam wære, and ġe·węnde eft siþþantō wuda on·ġēan.
Hīe ēodon þā ęndemes ealle tō þǣm wuda, sēċende ġe·hwǣr,
ġeond þȳflas and brēmlas, ġif hīe ā-hwǣr mihten
125
ġe·mētan þæt hēafod. Wæs ēac miċel wundor þæt ān wulf
wearþ ā·sęnd, þurh Godes wissunge, tō be·węrienne þæt
hēafod wiþ þā ōþru dēor ofer dæġ and niht. Hīe ēodon þā
sēċende and simle clipiende, swā swā hit ġe·wunelic is þǣm
þe on wuda gāþ oft, 'hwǣr eart þū nū, ġe·fēra?' And him
130
andwyrde þæt hēafod, 'hēr, hēr, hēr;' and swā ġe·lōme
clipode andswariende him eallum, swā oft swā hiera ǣniġ
clipode, oþ þæt hīe ealle be·cōmon þurh þā clipunge him tō.
Þā læġ se grǣga wulf þe be·wiste þæt hēafod, and mid his
twǣm fōtum hæfde þæt hēafod be·clypped, grǣdiġ and hungriġ,
135
and for Gode ne dorste þæs hēafdes on·byrġan, ac
hēold hit wiþ dēor. Þā wurdon hīe of·wundrode þæs
wulfes hierd-rǣdenne, and þæt hāliġe hēafod hām fęredon
mid him, þanciende þǣm Ælmihtigan ealra his wundra.
Ac se wulf folgode forþ mid þǣm hēafde, oþ þæt hīe tō
140
tūne cōmon, swelce hē tam wære, and ġe·węnde eft siþþan
tō wuda on·ġēan.
Þā land-lēode þā siþþan lęġdon þæt hēafod tō þǣm hālganbodiġe, and be·byriġdon swā hīe sēlest mihton on swelcrehrædunge, and ċiriċan ā·rǣrdon sōna him on·uppan. Eft145þā on fierste, æfter fela ġēarum, þā sēo hęrgung ġe·swāc,and sibb wearþ for·ġiefen þǣm ġe·swęnċtan folce, þā fēngonhīe tō·gædre, and worhton āne ċiriċan weorþlīce þǣm hālgan,for þǣm þe ge·lōme wundru wurdon æt his byrġenne, ætþǣm ġe·bed-hūse þǣr hē be·byrġed wæs. Hīe woldon þā150fęrian mid folclicre weorþmynde þone hālgan līchaman, andlęċġan innan þǣre ċiriċan. Þā wæs miċel wundor þæt hēwæs eall swā ġe·hāl swelce hē cwic wǣre, mid clǣnum līchaman,and his swēora wæs ġe·hǣled, þe ǣr wæs for·slæġen, andwæs swelce ān seolcen þrǣd ymbe his swēoran, mannum tō155sweotolunge hū hē ofs·læġen wæs. Ēac swelce þā wunda,þe þā wælhrēowan hǣþnan mid ġe·lōmum scotungum on hislīce macodon, wǣron ġe·hǣlde þurh þone heofonlican God;and hē; līþ swā onsund oþ þisne and-weardan dæġ, and-bīdiendeǣristes and þæs ēċan wuldres. His līchama ūs160cȳþþ, þe līþ un-formolsnod, þæt hē būtan for·liġre hēr onworulde leofode, and mid clǣnum līfe tō; Crīste sīþode.
Þā land-lēode þā siþþan lęġdon þæt hēafod tō þǣm hālgan
bodiġe, and be·byriġdon swā hīe sēlest mihton on swelcre
hrædunge, and ċiriċan ā·rǣrdon sōna him on·uppan. Eft
145
þā on fierste, æfter fela ġēarum, þā sēo hęrgung ġe·swāc,
and sibb wearþ for·ġiefen þǣm ġe·swęnċtan folce, þā fēngon
hīe tō·gædre, and worhton āne ċiriċan weorþlīce þǣm hālgan,
for þǣm þe ge·lōme wundru wurdon æt his byrġenne, æt
þǣm ġe·bed-hūse þǣr hē be·byrġed wæs. Hīe woldon þā
150
fęrian mid folclicre weorþmynde þone hālgan līchaman, and
lęċġan innan þǣre ċiriċan. Þā wæs miċel wundor þæt hē
wæs eall swā ġe·hāl swelce hē cwic wǣre, mid clǣnum līchaman,
and his swēora wæs ġe·hǣled, þe ǣr wæs for·slæġen, and
wæs swelce ān seolcen þrǣd ymbe his swēoran, mannum tō
155
sweotolunge hū hē ofs·læġen wæs. Ēac swelce þā wunda,
þe þā wælhrēowan hǣþnan mid ġe·lōmum scotungum on his
līce macodon, wǣron ġe·hǣlde þurh þone heofonlican God;
and hē; līþ swā onsund oþ þisne and-weardan dæġ, and-bīdiende
ǣristes and þæs ēċan wuldres. His līchama ūs
160
cȳþþ, þe līþ un-formolsnod, þæt hē būtan for·liġre hēr on
worulde leofode, and mid clǣnum līfe tō; Crīste sīþode.
Sum widewe wunode, Ōswyn ġe·hāten, æt þæs hālganbyrġenne, on ġe·bedum and fæstennum manigu ġēar siþþan.Sēo wolde ęfsian ǣlce ġēare þone sanct, and his næġlas165ċeorfan sīeferlīce mid lufe, and on scrīne healdan tō hāliġ-dōmeon weofode. Þa weorþode þæt land-folc mid ġe·lēafan þonesanct, and Þēodred biscop þearle mid ġiefum on golde andon seolfre, þǣm sancte tō weorþmynde.
Sum widewe wunode, Ōswyn ġe·hāten, æt þæs hālgan
byrġenne, on ġe·bedum and fæstennum manigu ġēar siþþan.
Sēo wolde ęfsian ǣlce ġēare þone sanct, and his næġlas
165
ċeorfan sīeferlīce mid lufe, and on scrīne healdan tō hāliġ-dōme
on weofode. Þa weorþode þæt land-folc mid ġe·lēafan þone
sanct, and Þēodred biscop þearle mid ġiefum on golde and
on seolfre, þǣm sancte tō weorþmynde.
Þā cōmon on sumne sǣl un-ġesǣlige þēofas eahta on170ānre nihte tō þǣm ār-weorþan hālgan: woldon stelan þāmāþmas þe męnn þider brōhton, and cunnodon mid cræftehū hīe inn cuman mihten. Sum slōg mid slęċġe swīþe þāhæspan, sum hiera mid fēolan fēolode ymb·ūtan, sum ēacunder·dealf þā duru mid spadan, sum hiera mid hlǣddre wolde175on·lūcan þǣt ēag-þȳrel; ac hīe swuncon on īdel, and earmlīcefērdon, swā þæt se hālga wer hīe wundorlīce ġe·band,ǣlcne swā hē stōd strūtiendne mid tōle, þæt hiera nān nemihte þæt morþ ġe·fręmman ne hīe þanon ā·styrian; acstōdon swā oþ merġen. Męnn þā þæs wundrodon, hū þā180weargas hangodon, sum on hlǣddre, sum lēat tō ġe·delfe,and ǣlc on his weorce wæs fæste ġe·bunden. Hīe wurdonþā ġe·brōhte tō þǣm biscope ealle, and hē hēt hīe ā·hōn onhēam ġealgum ealle; ac hē næs nā ġe·myndiġ hū se mildheortaGod clipode þurh his wītegan þās word þe hēr standaþ:185Eos qui ducuntur ad mortem eruere ne cesses, 'þā þe man lǣtttō dēaþe ā·līes hīe ūt simle.' And ēac þā hālgan canōnesbēc ġe·hādodum for·bēodaþ ġe biscopum ġe prēostum tōbēonne ymbe þēofas, for þǣm þe hit ne ġe·byreþ þǣm þebēop ġe·corene Gode to þeġnienne þæt hīe ġe·þwǣrlǣċan190scylen on ǣniġes mannes dēaþe, ġif hīe bēoþ Dryhtnesþeġnas. Eft þā Þēodred biscop sċēawode his bēc, hē siþþanbe·hrēowsode mid ġēomrunge þæt hē swā rēþne dōm sętteþǣm unġesǣligum þēofum, and hit be·sārgode ǣfre oþ hislīfes ęnde, and þā lēode bæd ġeorne þæt hīe him mid fæsten195fullīce þrīe dagas, biddende þone Ælmihtigan þæt hē himārian scolde.
Þā cōmon on sumne sǣl un-ġesǣlige þēofas eahta on
170
ānre nihte tō þǣm ār-weorþan hālgan: woldon stelan þā
māþmas þe męnn þider brōhton, and cunnodon mid cræfte
hū hīe inn cuman mihten. Sum slōg mid slęċġe swīþe þā
hæspan, sum hiera mid fēolan fēolode ymb·ūtan, sum ēac
under·dealf þā duru mid spadan, sum hiera mid hlǣddre wolde
175
on·lūcan þǣt ēag-þȳrel; ac hīe swuncon on īdel, and earmlīce
fērdon, swā þæt se hālga wer hīe wundorlīce ġe·band,
ǣlcne swā hē stōd strūtiendne mid tōle, þæt hiera nān ne
mihte þæt morþ ġe·fręmman ne hīe þanon ā·styrian; ac
stōdon swā oþ merġen. Męnn þā þæs wundrodon, hū þā
180
weargas hangodon, sum on hlǣddre, sum lēat tō ġe·delfe,
and ǣlc on his weorce wæs fæste ġe·bunden. Hīe wurdon
þā ġe·brōhte tō þǣm biscope ealle, and hē hēt hīe ā·hōn on
hēam ġealgum ealle; ac hē næs nā ġe·myndiġ hū se mildheorta
God clipode þurh his wītegan þās word þe hēr standaþ:
185
Eos qui ducuntur ad mortem eruere ne cesses, 'þā þe man lǣtt
tō dēaþe ā·līes hīe ūt simle.' And ēac þā hālgan canōnes
bēc ġe·hādodum for·bēodaþ ġe biscopum ġe prēostum tō
bēonne ymbe þēofas, for þǣm þe hit ne ġe·byreþ þǣm þe
bēop ġe·corene Gode to þeġnienne þæt hīe ġe·þwǣrlǣċan
190
scylen on ǣniġes mannes dēaþe, ġif hīe bēoþ Dryhtnes
þeġnas. Eft þā Þēodred biscop sċēawode his bēc, hē siþþan
be·hrēowsode mid ġēomrunge þæt hē swā rēþne dōm sętte
þǣm unġesǣligum þēofum, and hit be·sārgode ǣfre oþ his
līfes ęnde, and þā lēode bæd ġeorne þæt hīe him mid fæsten
195
fullīce þrīe dagas, biddende þone Ælmihtigan þæt hē him
ārian scolde.
On þǣm lande wæs sum mann, Lēofstān ġe·hāten, rīċefor worulde, un-ġewittiġ for Gode; sē rād tō þǣm hālganmid rīċetere swīþe, and hēt him æt·īewan orgellīce swīþe200þone hālgan sanct, hwæþer hē ġe·sund wǣre; ac swā hraþeswā hē ġe·seah þæs sanctes līchaman, þā ā·wēdde hē sōna,and wæl-hrēowlīce grymetode, and earmlīce ġe·ęndode yflumdēaþe. Þis is þǣm ġe·līc þe se ġe·lēaffulla pāpa Gregōriussæġde on his ġesętnesse be þǣm hālgan Laurentie, þe līþ on205Rōme-byriġ, þæt męnn wolden sċēawian hū hē lǣġe ġegōde ġe yfle; ac God hīe ġe·stilde swā þæt þǣr swultonon þǣre sċēawunge seofon męnn æt·gædre; þā ġeswiconþā ōþre tō sċēawienne þone martyr mid męnniscum ġe·dwylde.
On þǣm lande wæs sum mann, Lēofstān ġe·hāten, rīċe
for worulde, un-ġewittiġ for Gode; sē rād tō þǣm hālgan
mid rīċetere swīþe, and hēt him æt·īewan orgellīce swīþe
200
þone hālgan sanct, hwæþer hē ġe·sund wǣre; ac swā hraþe
swā hē ġe·seah þæs sanctes līchaman, þā ā·wēdde hē sōna,
and wæl-hrēowlīce grymetode, and earmlīce ġe·ęndode yflum
dēaþe. Þis is þǣm ġe·līc þe se ġe·lēaffulla pāpa Gregōrius
sæġde on his ġesętnesse be þǣm hālgan Laurentie, þe līþ on
205
Rōme-byriġ, þæt męnn wolden sċēawian hū hē lǣġe ġe
gōde ġe yfle; ac God hīe ġe·stilde swā þæt þǣr swulton
on þǣre sċēawunge seofon męnn æt·gædre; þā ġeswicon
þā ōþre tō sċēawienne þone martyr mid męnniscum ġe·dwylde.
210Fela wundra wē ġe·hīerdon on folclicre sprǣċe be þǣmhālgan Ēadmunde, þe wē hēr nyllaþ on ġe·write sęttan, ac hīewāt ġe·hwā. On þissum hālgan is sweotol, and on swelcumōþrum, þæt God ælmihtiġ mæġ þone mann ā·rǣran eft ondōmes dæġe onsundne of eorþan, sē þe hielt Ēadmund hālne215his līchaman oþ þone mīċlan dæġ, þēah þe hē on moldan cōme.Wierþe wǣre sēo stōw for þǣm weorþfullan hālgan þæt hīeman weorþode and wel ġe·lōgode mid clǣnum Godes þēowumtō Crīstes þēowdōme; for þǣm þe se hālga is mǣrra þonnemęnn mæġen ā·smēan. Nis Angel-cynn be·dǣled Dryhtnes220hālgena, þonne on Ęnġla-lande liċġaþ swelce hālgan swelceþes hālga cyning, and Cūþberht se ēadiga and sancteÆþelþrȳþ on Ēliġ, and ēac hiere sweostor, onsund on līchaman,ġe·lēafan tō trymmunge. Sind ēac fela ōþre onAngel-cynne hālgan, þe fela wundra wyrċaþ, swā swā hit225wīde is cūþ, þǣm Ælmihtigan tō lofe, þe hīe on ġe·līefdon.Crīst ġe·sweotolaþ mannum þurh his mǣre hālgan þæt hē isælmihtiġ God þe wyrċþ swelc wundru, þēah þe þā earmanIūdēiscan hine eallunga wiþ·sōcen, for þǣm þe hīe sindā·wierġde, swā swā hīe wȳsċton him selfum. Ne bēoþ nān230wundru ġe·worht æt hiera byrġennum, for þǣm þe hīe neġe·līefaþ on þone lifiendan Crīst; ac Crīst ġe·sweotolaþmannum hwǣr se gōda ġe·lēafa is, þonne hē swelc wundruwyrċþ þurh his hālgan wīde ġeond þās eorþan, þæs him sīewuldor and lof ā mid his heofonlicum Fæder and þǣm Hālgan235Gāste, ā būtan ęnde.
210
Fela wundra wē ġe·hīerdon on folclicre sprǣċe be þǣm
hālgan Ēadmunde, þe wē hēr nyllaþ on ġe·write sęttan, ac hīe
wāt ġe·hwā. On þissum hālgan is sweotol, and on swelcum
ōþrum, þæt God ælmihtiġ mæġ þone mann ā·rǣran eft on
dōmes dæġe onsundne of eorþan, sē þe hielt Ēadmund hālne
215
his līchaman oþ þone mīċlan dæġ, þēah þe hē on moldan cōme.
Wierþe wǣre sēo stōw for þǣm weorþfullan hālgan þæt hīe
man weorþode and wel ġe·lōgode mid clǣnum Godes þēowum
tō Crīstes þēowdōme; for þǣm þe se hālga is mǣrra þonne
męnn mæġen ā·smēan. Nis Angel-cynn be·dǣled Dryhtnes
220
hālgena, þonne on Ęnġla-lande liċġaþ swelce hālgan swelce
þes hālga cyning, and Cūþberht se ēadiga and sancte
Æþelþrȳþ on Ēliġ, and ēac hiere sweostor, onsund on līchaman,
ġe·lēafan tō trymmunge. Sind ēac fela ōþre on
Angel-cynne hālgan, þe fela wundra wyrċaþ, swā swā hit
225
wīde is cūþ, þǣm Ælmihtigan tō lofe, þe hīe on ġe·līefdon.
Crīst ġe·sweotolaþ mannum þurh his mǣre hālgan þæt hē is
ælmihtiġ God þe wyrċþ swelc wundru, þēah þe þā earman
Iūdēiscan hine eallunga wiþ·sōcen, for þǣm þe hīe sind
ā·wierġde, swā swā hīe wȳsċton him selfum. Ne bēoþ nān
230
wundru ġe·worht æt hiera byrġennum, for þǣm þe hīe ne
ġe·līefaþ on þone lifiendan Crīst; ac Crīst ġe·sweotolaþ
mannum hwǣr se gōda ġe·lēafa is, þonne hē swelc wundru
wyrċþ þurh his hālgan wīde ġeond þās eorþan, þæs him sīe
wuldor and lof ā mid his heofonlicum Fæder and þǣm Hālgan
235
Gāste, ā būtan ęnde.
The references marked 'Gr.' are to the pages and paragraphs of the grammar; paragraph-references in ( ) are to the numbered paragraphs in the grammar.
I. SENTENCES.
Line 2.sē.Gr.21. 1.
þis sind.Gr.45. 2.
l. 6.sęlþ.Gr.45. 5.
l. 7.sēo ælmesse.Gr.44. 3.
l. 12.ġeworhte.Gr.46. (3).
l. 16.hiera.Gr.41. 3.
nǣfre ... ne ... nānes.Gr.52. 2.ne wæsis usually contracted intonæs; the full form is used here because thewæsis emphatic.
l. 17.hēt ofslēan.Gr.50. 4.
l. 23.Æþelred cyning.Gr.42. 6.
l. 24.Æsces-dūn,sf.Ashdown, literally 'hill (or down) of the ashtree.'
l. 27.wilehere denotesrepetition, = 'is in the habit of.' Cp. l. 52.
l. 28.þonneis correlative withgif(l. 26), Gr.52. 3.
l. 37.ælmihtiga.Gr.43. (4).
l. 43.ēower se heofonlica Fæder.This insertion of the definite article between a possessive pronoun and an adjective is frequent.
l. 50.bēo.Gr.48. (6).
l. 52.tō, for.
l. 56.twęntiġ wintra.Gr.18.
l. 58.Dēofol.Gr.44. 1.
l. 60.scortan.Gr.43. (2).
l. 61.fisca.Gr.41. 3.
l. 63. pǣm, those.
hider on land, lit. hither on to land, = to this land.
l. 74.blētsian.The older form of this word isbledsian. It is a derivative ofblōd, likerīċsianfromrīċe, with mutation of the root vowel. Its original meaning was to 'sprinkle with blood,' and hence, in heathen times, to 'consecrate,' especially to consecrate an altar by sprinkling it with the blood of the victim.
l. 80.godspell.The original form of this word was probablygōdspell= 'good tidings,' a literal translation of the Greekeuaggélion.Afterwards the first vowel was shortened before the following consonant-group, or elsegodwas directly substituted forgōd, as giving a more evident meaning, the result being that the word was taken in the sense of 'God's tidings.' In this form it was adopted into Icelandic (guðspiall) and Old High German (gotespel), having been introduced by the Old English missionaries.
biþ.Gr.45. 5.
l. 82.hīe.Gr.19.
l. 89.him on ǣlce healfe, lit. 'to (for) themselves on each side,' = on every side (of themselves).
l. 92.rihtne.Gr.42. 5.
l. 93.Æþelwulf-ing.Gr.38.
l. 101.fare ġē.Gr.22. 7.
l. 106.forsāwon.A plural verb after a singular noun of multitude is common in O. E., as in other languages.
l. 107.ġif se blinda blindne lǣtt.ġifhere takes the indic., instead of the subj. (Gr.48. 6), because the case is not assumed to be unreal. So also in V. 13, where the opposition (wiþstęnt) is assumed as certain, and VI. 19.
l. 114.cwǣde.Gr.48. (5).
l. 118.mæġe.Compare Gr.47. (B. 1).
l. 119.sīe.Gr.47. (A).
l. 120.Scotlandis here used in its older sense of 'Ireland.' Compare the first extract from the Chronicle, p.79below.
l. 121.his.Gr.41. 3.
l. 123.healden.Gr.48. (2).
l. 124.wǣre.Gr.47. (B. 1).
l. 132.sē þe.Gr.21.
l. 135.þæt.Gr.21;52. 3.
l. 137.on ēare.Gr.51. 2.
l. 138.ġewęndon him, lit. 'they went for-themselves'; a reflexive pronoun in the dative, Gr.40. (1), is often added to verbs of motion.
l. 139.dō ġē.Gr.22.
l. 142.grēte.Compare Gr.49. (8).
l. 145.swelce, adverb, 'as it were.'
l. 151.nime.Gr.49. (7).
l. 161.cōme.Comparemæġe, l. 118 above.
l. 166.ofslæġenne.Gr.46. 5.
l. 176.ġeweorþan.Gr.47. (B. 1.)
l. 180.wolde.Gr.45. 5.
l. 191.bēon.Gr.48. (2).
II. FROM THE GOSPEL OF ST. MATTHEW.
l. 1.þās mīn word.Gr.43. 8.
l. 16.āweorpe.Gr.49. (8).
l. 20.hitrefers back tosǣd, l. 18.
l. 22.ūp sprungenre sunnan.Gr.41. 2.
l. 28.is ġeworden.An over-literal rendering of the Latinfactum est.
l. 32.hine, reflexive, Gr.19.
l. 40.tō forbærnenne.We see here how out of the active 'in order to burn it' may be developed the passive 'in order that it may be burnt,' as in the modern E. 'a house to let.' Compare Gr.50. 4, (1).
l. 52.on hiera fatu.Compare l. 137.
l. 60.ġewordenre ġecwidrǣenne þǣm wyrhtum.A very stiff adaptation of the ablative absolute of the original, 'conventione autem facta cum operariis.'þǣm wyrhtumis to be taken as a dative of the person affected (Gr.41).
l. 67.dyde þǣm swā ġelīce.The Latin has simply 'fecit similiter.' The sense is 'did like to it' (like his former proceeding), theswābeing pleonastic.
l. 86.þæt.Gr.21.
l. 90.suna, dative, 'for his son.'
l. 106.ġiefthūs.hūsmust here be taken in the sense of 'hall,' 'chamber.' In Icelandic the pluralhūsis regularly used to denote the group of buildings (often detached) constituting a house or homestead, the kitchen, for instance, which was originally detached, being still calledeldhūs(fire-house).
l. 107.þæt hē wolde gesēon.This clause is due to a confusion of two constructions, (1)hē wolde ġesēon, (2)þæt(in order that)hē ġe·sāwe.
III. OLD TESTAMENT PIECES.
The first two pieces are taken from Ælfric's translation of the Heptateuch, first published by Thwaites in his Heptateuchus, and afterwards by Grein as vol. i. of hisBibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa—Genesis xi. and xxii. The other three are from Ælfric's Homilies (edited by Thorpe)—ii. 584 foll., i. 570, ii. 432.
l. 4.him betwēonan.Gr.51. 5.
l. 13.læden.This word is the Latinlatina(=lingua latina) used first in the sense of 'Latin language,' then of language generally.
l. 17.for þǣm ... for þǣm þe, correlative, the first demonstrative, the second relative.
l. 28.tō scoldon.This use ofsċealwith a verb of motion understood is very common.
l. 36.him self.himis the reflexive dative of interest referring toGod—literally, 'God him-self will appoint for him-self.' In such constructions we see the origin of the modernhimself,themselves.
ll. 46, 47.nū ... nū, correlative, = now ... now that, the secondnūbeing almost causal (since).
l. 51.hæfde ... tō, took ... for.
l. 52.Gode tō lāce.Gr.40. (1).
l. 57.mīn ęġe, objective genitive, 'the fear of me.'
māre, neut. 'a greater thing,' 'something more important.'
l. 81.māre.Cp. l. 57.
l. 82.wǣre.Gr.49. (7).
l. 89.hwæsis governed byġiernde, by 'attraction.'
l. 135.miċle, adverb.
l. 137.wǣre.Gr,49. (7).
l. 153.belīefanis a later form forġelīefan.
l. 156.tō handum.Cp. l. 122 above.
l. 174.ǣr ġenam.Gr.46. 6.
l. 200.fram mannum.framhere, as usual, denotes the agent 'by' in passive constructions.
l. 202.wite.Compare Gr.48. (3) and49. (8).
IV. SAMSON.
From Ælfric's translation of the Book of Judges in Thwaites' Heptateuch.
l. 8.onġinþ tō ālīesenne, will release,onġinnanis often used pleonastically in this way.
l. 35.Gaza ġehāten.When a name together withġehātenis put in apposition to another noun it is left undeclined, contrary to the general principle (Gr.42. 6).
l. 41.swā swā hīe belocenu wǣron, locked as they were.
ufeweardum þǣm cnolle.Gr.43. 2.
l. 46.wæs, consisted.
l. 51.ġeworhte.We should expectġeworhtum(Gr.42. 5). Perhaps the nom. is due to confusion with the construction with a relative clause—þe of sinum ġeworhte sind.
l. 74.Dagon ġehāten.Compare l. 35. swelce, 'on the ground that'—'because (as they said).'
l. 81.hēton.Compare l. 106.
l. 87.forþis often used pleonastically in this way withmid.
V. FROM THE CHRONICLE.
l. 2.hēr sind, there are here.hēris here used analogously toþǣr, as in II. 3 and the modern E.there are. Cp. also l. 12 below.
ġeþēodu, languages as the test of nationality. It is believed that Latin was still spoken as a living language by the Romanized Britons at the time of the venerable Bede (eighth century), from whose Church History this section was taken by the compilers of the Chronicle.
l. 5.Armeniais an error forArmorica.
l. 6.Scithie, Scythia.
l. 8.Norþibernie, North of Ireland.
l. 24.hēr, at this date—at this place in the series of entries which constitute the Chronicle.
l. 26.Wyrtġeornis the regular development of an earlier *Wurtigernfrom the BritishVortigern.
l. 28.Ypwinesflēothas not been identified; some say Ebbsfleet.
l. 45.Æġlesþrep, Aylesthorpe, a village near Aylesford.
l. 49.Cręċġanford, Crayford.
l. 52. The diction of this passage, with its alliteration and simile, shows that it is taken from some old poem.
l. 61.hǣþne męnn, Danes.
l. 62.mid Defena-sċīre, literally 'together with Devonshire,' that is 'with a force of Devonshire men.'
l. 64.duxis here written instead ofealdormann. So also we findrexforcyning.
l. 65.Sandwīc, Sandwich.
l. 68.fēorþe healf hund, fourth half = three and a half. This is the regular way of expressing fractional numbers, as in the Germanviertehalb.
l. 71.Sūþriġe, Surrey.
l. 73.Āclēa, Ockley.
l. 76.se hęre, the Danish army.hęregot a bad sense, through its association withhęrgian(to harry), and hence is applied only to a plundering, marauding body of men. In the Lawshęreis defined asa gang of thieves more than thirty-five in number. The national English army (militia) is calledfierd, l. 71, 3 above.
Humbremūþa, mouth of the Humber.
l. 77.Eoforwīc, York; a corruption ofEboracum.
l. 84.inne wurdon, got in.
l. 85.sume.Compare IV. 51.
VI. KING EDMUND.
From Ælfric's Lives of the Saints, now published for the Early English Text Society by Prof. Skeat. The present life has been printed only by Thorpe, in hisAnalecta Anglosaxonicafrom a very late MS. It is here given from the older MS., Cott. Jul. E. 7.
It will be observed that the present piece is in alliterative prose, that is, with the letter-rime of poetry, but without its metrical form. The alliteration is easily discernible:—cōmsūþan ofer sǣ framsancte Benedictesstōwe;dæġe, tōDūnstāne, &c.
l. 1.sancteis an English modification of the Latin genitivesancti.
l. 5.sancteis here the E. dative inflection,sancthaving been made into a substantive.
l. 39.bilewīt=*bile-hwīt(with the regular change ofhwintowbetween vowels) literally 'white (=tender) of bill,' originally, no doubt, applied to young birds, and then used metaphorically in the sense of 'gentle,' 'simple.'
l. 70.worhte flēames.This construction ofwyrcanwith a genitive is frequent.
l. 76.wǣre, subj. Gr.48. (6).
l. 85.fūse.The correct reading is probablyfūsne, but the pluralfūsemay be taken to refer to Hinguar and his men collectively.
l. 149.ġebedhūs.The Welshbettws, as in Bettws-y-coed = 'chapel in the wood,' still preserves the O. E. form nearly unchanged.
l. 176.swā þætdoes not denote result here, but is explanatory—'namely by being bound....'
l. 178.hīe, reflexive.
l. 179.þæs ... hū, correlative.
l. 185. The reference is apparently to Proverbs xxiv. 11, which (in the Vulgate) runs thus: 'Erue eos qui ducuntur ad mortem.'
l. 200.hwæþer, (that he might see) whether ...
l. 215.līchaman, instrumental dative (Gr.41) of defining.
l. 222.Ēliġ=ǣl-īeg'eel-island.'
GLOSSARY.
The order is strictly alphabetical (þ followingt) except that words with the prefixgeare put in the order of the letter that follows thege(gebedunderb, &c.).
The following abbreviations are used :—