Number, analogy of Definition to,611.
Nutritive soul, functions of,461; origin of,480.
Objection (Enstasis),202; response to false, in Dialectic,366.
Ontology, starts from classification of Entia,59,61; Science of EnsquatenusEns, how named by Aristotle,59; opposed as the universal science to particular sciences, not to Phenomenology,59; blended with Logic in the Categories,62; logical aspect of, as set forth by Aristotle,127; of Aristotle’s predecessors,97,108,551seq.; has Dialectic as a tentative companion,273; not clearly distinguished from Logic and Physics by Aristotle,422; highest of Theoretical Sciences, subject of,423,593; treats of Ens in two senses specially,424,425; also critically examines highest generalities of Demonstration,425,579; Aristotle’s advance in, upon Plato,445,561; an objective science,579.
Opinion, opposed to Science, in Plato,207; in Aristotle,207,236,573; wanting to animals,475.
Opposita, four modes of,104; included under, rather than including,Relativa,104; should be calledOpposite-Relativa,105.
Opposition, Contradictory and Contrary,111; squares of, Scholastic and Aristotelian,137 n.
Oppositis, Treatise de, by Aristotle, lost,134.
Organon, The, meaning of, as applied to Aristotle’s logical treatises,55; what it includes,56; not so specified by Aristotle,56; Aristotle’s point of view throughout,578.
Organa, or Helps to command of syllogisms in dialectical debate,278; use of the,282; relation of the, to theLoci,283.
Ὅρος, Term, applied both to subject and to Predicate in Analytica,141.
Ὅτι, Τό,seeFact.
Οὐσία,67,seeEssence.
Paradeigmatic inference,198;seeExample.
Paradoxa, a variety ofAdoxa,269.
Paralogisms, Scientific,267,380;seeFallacies.
Parmenides, eliminated Non-Ens,136; uses equivocal names as univocal,414; his doctrine of Absolute Ens,436,551; not a dialectician,551; made intelligence vary with sense,588.
Paronymous things,57.
Part, relation of, to Whole, with a view to Definition,601.
Particular, The,notius nobiscompared with the Universal,196; inferiority of, to the Universal,231.
Passion,Pati, Category,65,73.
Peirastic, given as one of the four species of debate,377; really a variety or aspect of Dialectic,377,379.
‘Peplus,’ work of Aristotle’s,32.
Perception, sensible,seeSensation.
Pergamus, kings of, their library,36.
Peripatetics, origin of the title,7.
Phæstis, mother of Aristotle,2; directions for a bust to, in Aristotle’s will,19.
Phanias, disciple of Aristotle, knew logical works of his now lost,56; wrote on Logic,56.
Phantasy, nature of,475; distinguished from Memory,475; indispensable to, and passes by insensible degrees into, Cogitation,479,484,485.
Philip of Macedon, chose Aristotle as tutor to Alexander,5; destroyed Stageira,6.
Philosopher, The, distinguished from the Dialectician,354,584; also from the Sophist,584.
Philosophy, First, usual name for Science of EnsquatenusEns,59,422,584;seeOntology.
Phokion, at the head of the Athenian administration under Alexander,12; ineffectually opposed anti-Macedonian sentiment after Alexander’s death,12.
Physica, relation of the, to the Metaphysica,54,422.
Physics, theoretical science, subject of,423,593,630.
Pindar, subject of his Odes,13.
Place, in Dialectic,283; none outside of the Heaven,636.
Planets, number of the spheres of,626; do not twinkle, why,645;seeStars.
Plato, much absent from Athens, between 367-60B.C.,4; died, 347B.C.,4; corresponded with Dionysius,7; Aristotle charged with ingratitude to,20; attacked with Aristotle by Kephisodorus,24; ancients nearly unanimous as to the list of his works,27,42; his exposure of equivocal phraseology,58; fascinated by particular numbers,74; on Relativity,84; his theory of Proposition and Negation,135,427; called for, but did not supply, definitions,141; his use of the word Syllogism,143; relied upon logical Division for science,162; opposed Science (Dialectic) to Opinion (Rhetoric),208,263; explained learning from Reminiscence,212; his view of Noûs as infallible,260; character of his dialogues,264; recognized Didactic, but as absorbed into Dialectic,264; his use of the word Sophist,376; his psychology (in the Timæus),446-9,451,461; first affirmed Realism,552; his Ontology and theory of Ideas,553seq.,seeIdeas; held Sophistic to be busied about Non-Ens,593; his scale of Essences,595,620; his assumption of a self-movent asprincipium,623; held that the non-generable may be destroyed,637,639; on the position of the Earth,649; in his Protagoras anticipated Epikurus,654; admitted an invincible erratic necessity in Nature,657; ethical purpose of,662.
‘Plato and the other Companions of Sokrates,’ subject of the work,1; referred to, on subject of the Platonic Canon,27.
Platonists, their view of Essences as Numbers,611;seeIdeas.
Plotinus, censured Categories of the Stoics,100,563; his list of Categories,102,563.
Plurium Interrogationum ut Unius,Fallacia,389; how to solve,413.
Plutarch does not appear to have known the chief Aristotelian works,31; authority for story of the fate of Aristotle’s library,35.
Poetic, place of, in Aristotle’s philosophy,54; modes of speech entering into,111,130.
Ποιόν,seeQuality.
Political Science, the Supreme Science,449.
Politics, place of in Aristotle’s philosophy,54; Aristotle’s Treatise on,539; founded on the Republic of Plato,539; his conception of a republic,539.
Porphyry, disposed works of Plotinus in Enneads,44; his Eisagoge,73,101,552; rejected last paragraph of De Interpretatione,134; his statement of the question as to Universals,552,564; defended Aristotle’s Categories against Plotinus,563.
Ποσόν,seeQuantity.
Possible, The, as a Mode affecting Antiphasis,127; relation of, to the Necessary,127,205; three meanings of, given by Aristotle,128; effective sense of,129,133,205,617,638; truly a Formal Mode of Proposition,131; gradations in,205.
Poste, Mr., upon Aristotle’s proof that Demonstration implies indemonstrable truths,229; on the Theory of Fallacies,383.
Posterius, different senses of,105; as between parts and whole,601-603.
Post-prædicamenta,79,80,104.
Postulate, as a principle of Demonstration,220.
Potentiality (Power) as opposed to Actuality,128,456,615seq.; varieties of,613.
Prædicament,seeCategories.
Predicables, four in Aristotle, five in later logicians,276; quadruple classification of, how exhaustive,276; come each under one or other of the Categories,277.
Predicate, in a proposition,109; to be One,120; called Term in Analytica,141.
Predication, essential and non-essential, Aristotle’s mode of distinguishing,63,64.
Premisses of Syllogism,148; how to disengage for Reduction,164; involving qualification,166; false, yielding true conclusion,172; contradictory, yielding a conclusion in Second and Third figures,175; necessary character of, in Demonstration,215; in Dialectic,227.
Principles of Science, furnished only by Experience,162,257; knowable in themselves, but not therefore innate,178,256; what, common to all,212,215; maintained by Aristotle to be indemonstrable,215,228; general and special,236,578; development of,256; known by Noûs upon Induction from particulars,259,562,577; discussed by First Philosopher, and by Dialectician,575.
Principii Petitio, Fallacy of,156,176; in Dialectic,367,371; in Sophistic,388; how to solve,412.
Prius, different senses of, in Post-præedicamenta,105; in MetaphysicaΔ,106; Aristotle often confounds the meanings of,106; as between parts and whole,601-603.
PrivatioandHabitus, case ofOpposita,104,105.
Προαίρεσις, definition of,526.
Probabilities, Syllogism from,202.
Probable, The, true meaning of, in Aristotle,269.
Problematical proposition, The, a truly formal mode,131.
Problems, for scientific investigation,238; identical,253; in Dialectic,273.
Prokles, second husband of Aristotle’s daughter,20.
Proof (τεκμήριον) distinguished from Sign,203.
Propositions, subject of De Interpretatione,57,109; Terms treated by Aristotle with reference to,59; Ens divided with reference to,59; defined,109; distinguished in signification from Terms,109,110, also from other modes of significant speech,111,130; Simple, Complex,111; Affirmative, Negative,111,122; Contradictory (pair of, making Antiphasis), Contrary,111,124,134; Universal, Singular,111; about matters particular and future,113; in quaternions illustrative of real Antiphasis,118seq.; subject of, and predicate of, to be each One,125; function of copula in,126; Simple Assertory, Modal (Possible or Problematical and Necessary),127seq.; subjective and objective aspects of,131; Aristotle’s theory of, compared with views of Plato and others,135; summarized,139; how named in Analytica,141; named either as declaring, or as generating, truth,141; formally classified according to Quantity in Analytica,142; Universal, double account of,142; Conversion of, taken singly,144; rules for Conversion of Universal Negative, Affirmative, &c.,144seq.; comparison of, as subjects of attack and defence,156; Indivisible or Immediate, and Mediate — modes of error with regard to,224seq.; as subject-matter of Dialectic,273; classified for purposes of Dialectic,276.
Proprium, one of the Predicables,276; thesis of, hardest, after Definition, to defend,285,353; dialecticalLocibearing on,313seq.; ten different modes of,321.
Πρός τι,seeRelation.
Protagoras, his doctrine, “Homo Mensura� impugned by Aristotle as adverse to the Maxim of Contradiction,430seq.,587seq.; true force of his doctrine,431; misapprehended by Aristotle and Plato,432.
Πρότασις, name for Proposition in Analytica,141.
Proxenus, of Atarneus, guardian of Aristotle at Stageira,3; mentioned in Aristotle’s will,19.
Pseudographeme or Scientific Paralogism,267; or pseudographic syllogism,380.
Psychology, relation of, to Logic,110; summary of Aristotle’s,493.
Pythagoras, disregarded experience,436;seePythagoreans.
Pythagoreanshad a two-fold doctrine — exoteric and esoteric,52; fascinated by particular numbers,74; their view of the soul,449; went astray in defining from numbers,603; ascribed perfection and beauty to results, not to their originating principles,625; said the Universe and all things are determined by Three,630; recognized Right and Left in the Heaven,610; erred in calling ours the upper hemisphere and to the right,640; affirmed harmony of the spheres,646; placed Fire, not Earth, at the centre of the Kosmos,648; made the Earth and Antichthon revolve each in a circle,648.
Pythias, wife of Aristotle,5,17,20; daughter of Aristotle,17-19.