1866. D. Rogerson, `Poetical Works, p. 23:
"The good selectors got most of the land,The dummies being afraid to stand."
1866. H. Simcox, `Rustic Rambles, p. 21:
"See the dummies and the mediums,Bagmen, swagmen, hastening down."
1872. A. McFarland, `Illawarra and Manaro,' p. 125:
"Since free selection was introduced, a good many of the squatters (they say, in self-defence) have, in turn, availed themselves of it, to secure `the eyes' or water-holes of the country, so far as they could by means of `dummies,' and other blinds."
1879. R. Niven, `Fraser's Magazine,' April, p. 516:
"This was the, in the colony, well-known `dummy' system. Its nature may be explained in a moment. It was simply a swindling transaction between the squatter on the one hand and some wretched fellow on the other, often a labourer in the employment of the squatter, in which the former for a consideration induced the latter to personate the character of a free selector, to acquire from the State, for the purpose of transferring to himself, the land he most coveted out of that thrown open for selection adjoining his own property."
1892. `Scribner's Magazine,' Feb. p. 140:
"By this device the squatter himself, all the members of the family, his servants, shepherds, boundary-riders, station-hands and rabbiters, each registered a section, the dummies duly handing their `selection' over to the original holder for a slight consideration."
(2) Colloquial name for the grip-car of the Melbourne trams. Originally the grip-car was not intended to carry passengers: hence the name.
1893. `The Herald' (Melbourne), p. 5, col. 5:
"Linked to the car proper is what is termed a dummy."
1897. `The Argus,' Jan. 2, p. 7, col. 5:
"But on the tramcar, matters were much worse. The front seat of the dummy was occupied by a young Tasmanian lady and her cousin, and, while one portion of the cart struck her a terrible blow on the body, the shaft pinned her by the neck against the front stanchion of the dummy."
1873. A.Trollope, `Australia and New Zealand,' c. vi. p. 101:
"Each partner in the run has purchased his ten thousand, and there have been many Mrs. Harrises. The Mrs. Harris system is generally called dummying—putting up a non-existent free-selector—and is illegal. But I believe no one will deny that it has been carried to a great extent."
1896. `The Champion' (Melbourne), Jan. 11:
"The verb `to dummy' and the noun `dummyism' are purelyAustralian, quotations to illustrate the use of which can beobtained from `Hansard,' the daily papers, and such works asEpps' monograph on the `Land Tenure Systems of Australasia.'"
1875. `The Spectator' (Melbourne), June 19, p. 8, col. 2:
"`Larrikinism' was used as a synonym for `blackguardism,' and `dummyism' for perjury."
1876. `The Argus,' Jan. 26, p. 6, col. 6:
"Mr. Bent thought that a stop should be put to all selection and dummyism till a land law was introduced."
1887. J. F. Hogan, `The Irish in Australia, p. 98:
"This baneful and illegal system of land-grabbing is known throughout the colonies by the expressive name of `dummyism,' the persons professing to be genuine selectors, desirous of establishing themselves on the soil, being actually the agents or the `dummies of the adjoining squatters."
1822. `Hobart Town Gazette,' December 14:
"Government Public Notice.—The Quarter Dollars, or `Dumps,'struck from the centre of the Spanish Dollar, and issued byHis Excellency Governor Macquarie, in the year 1813, at OneShilling and Threepence each, will be exchanged for TreasuryBills at Par, or Sterling money."
1823. `Sydney Gazette,' Jan. ['Century']:
"The small colonial coin denominated dumps have all been called in. If the dollar passes current for five shillings the dump lays claim to fifteen pence value still in silver money."
1827. P. Cunningham, `Two Years in New South Wales,' vol. i. p. 44
"He only solicits the loan of a `dump,' on pretence of treating his sick gin to a cup of tea."
Ibid. p. 225:
"The genuine name of an Australian coin, in value 1s. 3d."
1852. J. West, `History of Tasmania,' vol. ii. p. 141:
"Tattered promissory notes, of small amount and doubtful parentage, fluttered about the colony; dumps, struck out from dollars, were imitated by a coin prepared without requiring much mechanical ingenuity."
1870. T. H. Braim, `New Homes,' c. iii. p. 131:
"The Spanish dollar was much used. A circular piece was struck out of the centre about the size of a shilling, and it was called a `dump.'"
1879. W. J. Barry, `Up and Down,' p. 5:
"The coin current in those days (1829) consisted of ring- dollars and dumps, the dump being the centre of the dollar punched out to represent a smaller currency."
1893. `The Daily News' (London), May 11, p. 4:
"The metallic currency was then [1819-25] chiefly Spanish dollars, at that time and before and afterwards the most widely disseminated coin in the world, and they had the current value of 5s. But there were too few of them, and therefore the centre of them was cut out and circulated under the name of `dumps' at 1s. 3d. each, the remainder of the coin—called by way of a pun, `holy dollars'—still retaining its currency value of 5s."
1872. C. H. Eden, `My Wife and I in Queensland,' p. 98:
"The great object of packing so close is to save carriage through the country, for however well you may do it, it is always re-pressed, or `dumped,' as it is called, by hydraulic pressure on its arrival in port, the force being so great as to crush two bales into one."
1875. R. and F. Hill, `What we saw in Australia,' p. 207:
"From the sorting-tables the fleeces are carried to the packing-shed; there, by the help of machinery, they are pressed into sacks, and the sacks are then themselves heavily pressed and bound with iron bands, till they become hard cubes. This process is called `dumping.'"
1852. Anon, `Settlers and Convicts; or, Recollections of Sixteen Years' Labour in the Australian Backwoods,' p. 11:
"The poor Australian settler (or, according to colonist phraseology, the Dungaree-settler; so called from their frequently clothing themselves, their wives, and children in that blue Indian manufacture of cotton known as Dungaree) sells his wheat crop."
1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand,' p. 56:
"Chrome ore. This ore, which is a mixture of chromic iron and alumina, is chiefly associated with magnesian rock, resembling olivine in composition, named Dunite by Dr. Hochstetter."
1893. Dec. 12, `A Traveller's Note':
"A bush cook said to me to-day, we gave each sundowner a pannikin of dust."
1833. C. Sturt, `Southern Australia,' vol. i. c. i. p. 22:
"Dwarf-box and the acacia pendula prevailed along the plains."
Little Eagle—Aquila morphnoides, Gould.
Wedge-tailed E. (Eagle-hawk)—A. audax, Lath.
Whistling E.—Haliaetus sphenurus, Vieill.
White-bellied Sea E.—H. leucogaster, Gmel.
White-headed Sea E.—Haliaster girrenera, Vieill.
1834. L. E. Threlkeld, `Australian Grammar, p. 56:
"The large eaglehawk, which devours young kangaroos, lambs, etc."
1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. i. pl. 1:
"Aquila Fucosa, Cuv., [now A. audax, Lath.] Wedge-tailed eagle. Eaglehawk, Colonists of New South Wales."
1863. B. A. Heywood, `Vacation Tour at the Antipodes,' p. 106:
"We knew it was dying, as two large eaglehawks were hovering about over it."
1880. Fison and Howitt, `Kamilaroi and Kurnai,' p. 251:
"The hair of a person is tied on the end of the throwing-stick, together with the feathers of the eagle hawk."
1885. H. Finch-Hatton, `Advance Australia', p. 106:
"Since the destruction of native dogs and eagle-hawks by the squatters, who stocked the country with sheep, the kangaroos have not a single natural enemy left."
1888. D. Macdonald, `Gum Boughs,' p. 35:
"On the New South Wales side of the river the eagle-hawk is sometimes so great a pest amongst the lambs that the settlers periodically burn him out by climbing close enough to the nest to put a fire-stick in contact with it."
1832. J. Bischoff, `Van Diemen's Land,' c. ii. p. 29:
"The native porcupine or echidna is not very common."
1843. J.Backhouse, `Narrative of a Visit to the Australian Colonies,' p. 89:
"The Porcupine of this land, Echidna hystrix, is a squat species of ant-eater, with short quills among its hair: it conceals itself in the day time among dead timber in the hilly forests."
1851. `Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land,' vol. i. p. 178:
"Mr. Milligan mentioned that one of the Aborigines of Tasmania reports having often discovered the nest of the Echidna Setosa, porcupine or ant eater, of the colony; that on several occasions one egg had been found in it, and never more: this egg has always been found to contain a foetus or chick, and is said to be round, considerably less than a tennis ball, and without a shell. The mother is said to sit continuously (for a period not ascertained) in the manner of the common fowl over the eggs; she does not leave the young for a considerable time after having hatched it; at length, detaching it from the small teat, she moves out hurriedly and at long intervals in quest of food, the young one becoming, at each successive return, attached to the nipple. . . The Platypus (Ornithorhyncus paradoxus) is said to lay two eggs, having the same external membranous covering, but of an oblong shape."
1860. G. Bennett,' Gatherings of a Naturalist in Australasia,' p. 147:
"The Porcupine Ant-eater of Australia (Echidna hystrix) (the native Porcupine or Hedgehog of the colonists), and the Ornithorhynchus, to which it is allied in internal organization, form the only two genera of the order Monotremata."
1888. Cassell's' Picturesque Australasia,' vol. ii. p. 230:
"Among the gigantic boulders near the top he may capture the burrowing ant-eating porcupine, though if perchance he place it for a moment in the stoniest ground, it will tax all his strength to drag it from the instantaneous burrow in which it will defiantly embed itself."
1892. A.Sutherland, `Elementary Geography of British Colonies,' p. 273:
"The echidna is an animal about a foot or 18 inches long, covered with spines like a hedgehog. It lives chiefly upon ants. With its bill, which is like a duck's but narrower, it burrows into an ant's-hill, and then with its long, whip-like, sticky tongue, draws the ants into its mouth by hundreds."
1894. R. Lydekker, `Marsupialia and Monotremata,' p. 247:
"In order to enable them to procure with facility their food of ants and their larvae, echidnas are provided with very large glands, discharging into the mouth the viscid secretion which causes the ants to adhere to the long worm-like tongue when thrust into a mass of these insects, after being exposed by the digging powers of the claws of the echidna's limbs. . . . When attacked they roll themselves into a ball similar to the hedgehog."
1862. H. C. Kendall, `Poems—Evening Hymn,' p. 53:
"The echu's songs are dying with the flute-bird's mellow tone."
1896. `The Australasian,' Jan. 11, p. 73, col. 1:
"`Yeldina' (Rochester) writes—While I was on the Murray, a few days before Christmas last, some miles below Echuca, my attention was attracted to the melancholy note, as of a bird which had lost its mate, calling ee-k-o-o, e-e-koo, which was repeated several times, after which a pause, then ee-koo, ee-ko, coolie, coolie, ee-koo. This happened in the scrub at sunset, and came, I think, from a bird smaller than the Australian minah, and of a greenish yellowish hue, larger, but similar to the members of the feathered tribe known to young city `knights of the catapult' as greenies. It was while returning to camp from fishing that I noticed this bird, which appeared of solitary habits."
"`Crossbolt' (Kew) writes—The echu is probably identical with a handsome little bird whose peculiar cry `e-e-choo' is familiar to many bush ramblers. It is the size of a small wood-swallow; black head, back, wings, and tail more or less blue-black; white throat; neck and breast light to rich brown. The female is much plainer, and would scarcely be recognized as the mate of the former. The melodious `e-e-choo' is usually answered from a distance, whether by the female or a rival I cannot say, and is followed by a prolonged warbling."
Common Eel—Anguilla australis, Richards.
Conger E.—Conger labiatus, Castin., andGonorhynchus grayi, Richards.
Green E. (New South Wales)—Muroena afra, Bl.
Silver E.—Muroenesox cinereus, Forsk.; also called the Sea-eel(New South Wales).Conger wilsoni, Castln. (Melbourne).
The New Zealand Eels are—
Black Eel—Anguilla australis, Richards.
Conger E.—Conger vulgaris, Cuv.
Sand E.—Gonorynchus grayi, Richards.
Serpent E.—Ophichthys serpens, Linn.
Silver E.—Congromuroena habenata, Richards.
Tuna E.—Anguilla aucklandii, Richards.
The Sand Eel does not belong to the Eel family, and is only called an Eel from its habits.
1838. T. L. Mitchell, `Three Expeditions,' vol. i. pl. 5, p.. 44 and 95 [Note]:
"Plotosus tandanus, tandan or eel-fish. Tandan is the aboriginal name."
Lesser Egret—Herodias melanopus, Wagl.
Little E.—H. garzetta, Linn.
Pied E.—H. picata, Gould.
Plumed Egret—H. intermedia, v. Hasselq.
White E.—H. alba, Linn.
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 56:
"Native elderberry. The fruit of these two native elders is fleshy and sweetish, and is used by the aborigines for food."
1802. G. Barrington, `Voyage to New South Wales,' p. 388:
"The sea affords a much greater plenty, and at least as great a variety as the land; of these the elephant fish were very palatable food."
1827. P. Cunningham, `Two Years in New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 118:
"Emigrants who have come out free from England, and emancipists, who have arrived here as convicts, and have either been pardoned or completed their term of servitude."
1830. R. Dawson, `Present State of Australia,' p. 302:
"Men who had formerly been convicts, but who, after their period of servitude had expired, were called `emancipists.'"
1837. Jas. Mudie, `Felonry of New South Wales,' p. vii:
"The author begs leave to record his protest against the abuse of language to the misapplication of the terms emancipists and absentees to two portions of the colonial felonry. An emancipist could not be understood to mean the emancipated but the emancipator. Mr. Wilberforce may be honoured with the title of emancipist; but it is as absurd to give the same appellation to the emancipated felons of New South Wales as it would be to bestow it upon the emancipated negroes of the West Indies."
1845. J. O. Balfour, `Sketch of New South Wales,' p. 69:
"The same emancipist will, however, besides private charity, be among the first and greatest contributors to a new church."
1852. `Fraser's Magazine,' vol. xlvi. p. 135:
"The convict obtained his ticket-of-leave . . . became an emancipist . . . and found transportation no punishment."
1613. `Purchas Pilgrimmage,' pt. I. Vol v. c. xii. p. 430 (`O.E.D.'):
"The bird called Emia or Eme is admirable."
1774. Oliver Goldsmith, `Natural History,' vol. iii. p. 69, Book III. c. v. [Heading]
"The Emu."
1788. `History of New South Wales' (1818), p. 53:
"A bird of the ostrich genus, but of a species very different from any other in the known world, was killed and brought in. Its length was between seven and eight feet; its flesh was good and thought to resemble beef. It has obtained the name of the New South Wales Emu."
1789. Captain W. Tench, `Expedition to Botany Bay,' p. 123:
"The bird which principally claims attention is a species of ostrich, approaching nearer to the emu of South America than any other we know of."
1793 Governor Hunter, `Voyage,' p. 69:
"Some were of opinion that it was the emew, which I think is particularly described by Dr. Goldsmith from Linneus: others imagined it to be the cassowary, but it far exceeds that bird in size . . . two distinct feathers grew out from every quill."
1802. D. Collins, `Account of English Colony in New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 307:
"These birds have been pronounced by Sir Joseph Banks, of whose judgment none can entertain a doubt, to come nearer to what is known of the American ostrich than to either the emu of India or the ostrich of Africa."
1804. `Rev. R. Knopwood's Diary' (J. J. Shillinglaw— `Historical Records of Port Phillip,' 1879), p. 115:
[At the Derwent] 26 March, 1804—"They caught six young emews [sic], about the size of a turkey, and shot the old mother."
1832. J. Bischof, `Van Diemen's Land,' p. 165:
"We saw an emu track down the side of a hill."
1846. J. L. Stokes, `Discovery in Australia,' vol. i. c. ix. p.276
"The face of the emu bears a most remarkable likeness to that of the aborigines of New South Wales."
1846. C. P. Hodgson, `Reminiscences of Australia,' p. 160:
"They will pick up anything, thimbles, reels of cotton, nails, bullets indiscriminately: and thus the proverb of `having the digestion of an emu' has its origin."
1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. vi. pl. I:
"Dromaius Novae Hollandiae. The Emu. New Holland Cassowary.—'Governor Phillips' Voyage, 1789.'"
1850. J. B. Clutterbuck, `Port Phillip in 1849,' p. 42:
"The emu strides with such rapidity over the plains as to render its capture very difficult even by the swiftest greyhound."
1872. C. H. Eden, "My Wife and I in Queensland,' p. 52:
"A couple of grave-looking emus. These wobble away at an ungainly but rapid pace directly they sight us, most probably vainly pursued by the dray dogs which join us farther on, weary and unsuccessful—indeed the swiftest dog finds an emu as much as he can manage."
1878. A. Newton, in `Encyclopedia Britannica' (9th edit.), vol. viii. p. 173:
"Next to the ostrich the largest of existing birds, the common emeu. . .''
1881. A.C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. i. p. 210:
". . . points out two emus to John. . . . They resemble ostriches, but are not so large, and the tail droops more. . . . John can distinguish every point about them, from their black cast-iron looking legs, to the bare neck and small head, with its bright eye and strong flat beak."
1890. `Victorian Statutes—Game Act, Third Schedule':
"Emu. [Close Season.] From the 14th day of June to the 20th day of December following in each year."
1893. `The Argus,' March 25,p. 4, col. 5:
"The chief in size is the egg of the cassowary, exactly like that of the emu except that the colour is pale moss green instead of the dark green of the emu."
1875. T. Laslett, `Timber and Timber Trees,' p. 206:
"Emu-tree. A small Tasmanian tree; found on low marshy ground used for turners' work."
1889. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 317:
"Emu-bush. Owing to emus feeding on the seeds of this and other species. Heterodendron oleaefolium, Desf."
Ibid. p. 132:
"The seeds, which are dry, are eaten by emus."
1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. iii. pl. 31:
"Stipituras Malachurus, Less. Emu Wren. The decomposed or loose structure of these [tail] feathers, much resembling those of the emu, has suggested the colonial name of Emu-Wren for this species, an appellation singularly appropriate, inasmuch as it at once indicates the kind of plumage with which the bird is clothed, and the Wren-like nature of its habits."
1860. G. Bennett, `Gatherings of a Naturalist,' p. 213:
"The delicate little emeu wren."
1865. Lady Barker (letter from `Melbourne), `Station Life in New Zealand,' p. 8:
"Then there is the emu-wren, all sad-coloured, but quaint, with the tail-feathers sticking up on end, and exactly like those of an emu, on the very smallest scale, even to the peculiarity of two feathers growing out of the same little quill."
1848. J. Gould,' Birds of Australia,' vol. iii. pl. 64:
"Ephthianura Albifrons, White-fronted Ephthianura," pl. 65. "Aurifrons, Gould, Orange-fronted E.," pl. 66. "Tricolor, Gould, Tricoloured E.'"
1890. `Victorian Statutes—Game Act, Third Schedule':
"Close season.—Ephthianuras. The whole year."
1880. `Melbourne Argus,' July 22, p. 2, col. 3 (`O.E.D.'):
"The ten New Caledonia escapees . . . are to be handed over to the French consul."
1880. T. W. Nutt, `Palace of Industry,' p. 11:
"Stems of the soaring eucalypts that riseFour hundred friendly feet to glad the skies."
1887. J. F. Hogan, `The Irish in Australia,' p. 126:
"There is no unmixed good, it is said, on this mundane sphere, and the evil that has accompanied the extensive settlement of Gipps Land during recent years is to be found in the widespread destruction of the forests, resulting in a disturbance of the atmospheric conditions and the banishment of an ever-active agent in the preservation of health, for these eucalypts, or gum-trees, as they are generally called, possess the peculiar property of arresting fever-germs and poisonous exhalations. They have been transplanted for this especial purpose to some of the malaria-infested districts of Europe and America, and with pronounced success. Australia, to which they are indigenous, has mercilessly hewn them down in the past, but is now repenting of its folly in that respect, and is replanting them at every seasonable opportunity."
1892. A. Sutherland, `Elementary Geography of British Colonies,' p. 270:
"Throughout the whole of Australia the prevailing trees are eucalypts, known generally as gum-trees on account of the gum which they secrete, and which may be seen standing like big translucent beads on their trunks and branches."
1870. A. L. Gordon, `Bush Ballads,' p. 8:
"Gnarl'd, knotted trunks EucalyptianSeemed carved, like weird columns Egyptian,With curious device—quaint inscriptionAnd hieroglyph strange."
1873. J. Brunton Stephens, `Black Gin, etc.,' p.6:
"This eucalyptic cloisterdom is anything but gay."
1823. Sidney Smith, `Essays,' p. 440:
"A London thief, clothed in Kangaroo's skins, lodged under the bark of the dwarf eucalyptus, and keeping sheep, fourteen thousand miles from Piccadilly, with a crook bent into the shape of a picklock, is not an uninteresting picture."
1833. C. Sturt, `Southern Australia,' vol. i. c. ii. p. 80:
"A large basin in which there are stunted pines and eucalyptus scrub."
1848. W. Westgarth, `Australia Felix,' p. 132:
"The scientific term Eucalyptus has been derived from the Greek, in allusion to a lid or covering over the blossom, which falls off when the flower expands, exposing a four-celled capsule or seed-vessel."
1851. G. W. Rusden, `Moyarra,' canto i. p. 8:
"The eucalyptus on the hillWas silent challenge to his skill."
1879. `Temple Bar,' Oct., p. 23 ('0. E. D.'):
"The sombre eucalypti . . . interspersed here and there by their dead companions."
1886. J. A. Froude, `Oceana,' p. 118:
"At intervals the bush remained untouched, but the universal eucalyptus, which I had expected to find grey and monotonous, was a Proteus it shape and colour, now branching like an oak or a cork tree, now feathered like a birch, or glowing like an arbutus with an endless variety of hue—green, orange, and brown."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Miner's Right, c. v. p. 46:
"A lofty eucalyptus . . . lay with its bared roots sheer athwart a tiny watercourse."
1885. Mrs. Praed, `Head Station,' p. 192:
"Above and below . . . were beetling cliffs, with ledges and crannies that afforded foothold only to yuros and rock-wallabies."
1827. P. Cunningham, `Two Years in New South Wales,' vol. ii. pp. 118-19:
". . . one subdivision of the emigrant class alluded to, is termed the exclusionist party, from their strict exclusion of the emancipists from their society."
1893. A. P. Martin, `Life of Lord Sherbrooke,' vol. i. p. 381:
"A gentleman who was at this time engaged in pastoral pursuits in New South Wales, and was therefore a supporter of exileism.'"
1847, A. P. Martin, `Life of Lord Sherbrooke' (1893), vol. i. p. 378:
"The cargoes of criminals were no longer to be known as `convicts,' but (such is the virtue in a name!) as `exiles.' It was, as Earl Grey explained in his despatch of Sept 3, 1847, `a scheme of reformatory discipline.'"
1852. G. B. Earp, `Gold Colonies of Australia,' p. 100:
"The convict system ceased in New South Wales in 1839; but `exiles' as they were termed, i.e. men who had passed their probation at home, were forwarded till 1843."
1852. G. C. Mundy, `Our Antipodes' (ed. 1885), p. 107:
"A hireling convict - emancipist, expiree, or ticket of leave."
1847. J. D. Lang, `Cooksland,' p. 271:
"Very many of their servants, being old hands or expiree convicts from New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, are thoroughly unprincipled men."
1883. E. M. Curr, `Recollections of Squatting in Victoria' (1841-1351), p. 40:
"Hiring men in Melbourne in 1841 was not by any means an agreeable job, as wages were high, and labourers (almost all old gaol-birds and expiree convicts) exceedingly independent and rowdy."
1852. F. Lancelott, `Australia, as it is', vol. ii. p. 221:
"On the south-eastern portion of this county is the world-famed Burra Burra copper mine. . . . Some of the cuttings are through solid blocks of ore, which brilliantly glitter as you pass with a lighted candle, while others are formed in veins of malachite, and from their rich variegated green appearance are not inaptly called by the miners `Fairy gardens.'"
Black Falcon—Falco subniger, Gray.
Black-cheeked F.—F. melanogenys, Gould.
Grey F.—F. hypoleucus, Gould.
Little F.—F. lunulatus, Lath.
See also Nankeen-Hawk.
Rhipidura albiscapa, Gould.
Black-and-White Fantail (called also the Wagtail,q.v.)—R. tricolor, Vieill.
Dusky F.—R. diemenensis, Sharpe.
Northern F.—R. setosa, Quoy and Gaim.
Pheasant F.—Rhipidura phasiana, De Vis.
Rufous F.—R. rufifrons, Lath.
Western F.—R. preissi, Cab.
White-tailed F.—R. albicauda, North.
Wood F.—R. dryas, Gould.
The New Zealand species are—
Black F.—Rhipidura fuliginosa, Sparrm. (Tiwaiwaka).
Pied F.—R. flabellifera, Gmel. (Piwakawaka).
In Tasmania, the R. diemenensis is called the Cranky Fantail, because of its antics.
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Journal,' vol. ii. p. 80:
"We also observed the . . . fantailed fly-catcher (Rhipidura)."
1888. W. L. Buller, `Birds of New Zealand,' vol. i. p. 69:
"The Red Fantail, ever flitting about with broadly expanded tail, and performing all manner of fantastic evolutions, in its diligent pursuit of gnats and flies, is one of the most pleasing and attractive objects in the New Zealand forest. It is very tame and familiar."
1873. A. Trollope, `Australia and New Zealand,' vol. ii. p. 184:
"[Adelaide] has also been nicknamed the Farinaceous City. A little gentle ridicule is no doubt intended to be conveyed by the word."
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 40:
"The fat-hen (Atriplex) . . ."
1872. C. H. Eden, `My Wife and I in Queensland,' p. 120:
"Another wild vegetable brew in the sandy beds of the rivers and creeks, called `fat-hen.' It was exactly like spinach, and not only most agreeable but also an excellent anti-scorbutic, a useful property, for scurvy is not an unknown thing in the bush by any means."
1881. A.C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. i. p. 156:
"Boiled salt junk, with fat-hen (a kind of indigenous spinach)."
1889. J. M. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 16:
"Chenopodium murale, Linn., Australian spinach. Bentham considers this may have been introduced."
1837. Jas. Mudie, `Felonry of New South Wales,' p. 6:
"The author has ventured to coin the word felonry, as the appellative of an order or class of persons in New South Wales—an order which happily exists in no other country in the world. A legitimate member of the tribe of appellatives . . . as peasantry, tenantry, yeomanry, gentry."
1858. T. McCombie, `History of Victoria,' c. xv. p. 24:
"The inundation of the Australian colonies with BritishFelonry."
1888. Sir C. Gavan Duffy, `Contemporary Review,' vol. liii. p.14 [`Century']:
"To shut out the felonry of Great Britain and Ireland."
Bat's-wing Fern—Pteris incisa, Thunb.
Black Tree F. of New Zealand—Cyathea medullaris, Sw.
Blanket F.—Grammitis rutaefolia, R. Br.
Braid F.—Platyzoma microphyllum, R. Br.
Caraway F.—Athyrium umbrosum, J. Sm.
Curly F.—Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw.
Deer's-tongue F.—Acrostichum conforme, Sw.
Ear F.—Pteris falcata, R. Br.
Elk's-horn F.—Platycerium alcicorne, Desv.
Fan F.—Gleichenia flabellata, R. Br.
Golden Swamp F.—Acrostichum aureum, Linn.
Grass-leaved F. (q.v.)—Vittaria elongata, Sw.
*Hare's-foot F.—F. Davallia pyxidata, Cav.
Jersey F.—Grammitis leptophylla, Sw.
*Lady F.—Aspidium aculeatum, Sw.
*Maiden-hair F.—Adiantum, spp.
Meadow-rue Water F.—Ceratoptoris thalictroides, Brong.
Parasol F.—Gleichenia circinata, Sw.
Pickled-cabbage F.—Lomaria capensis, Willd.
Potato F. (q.v.)—Marattia fraxinea, Sm.
Prickly F. (q.v.)—Alsophila australis, R. Br.
Prickly-tree Fern—Alsophila leichhardtiana, F. v. M.
Ribbon F.—Ophioglossum pendulum, Linn.
Shiny F.—Polypodium aspidoides, Bail.
Snake's-tongue F.—Lygodium, spp.
The following are not in Baileys List:
Parsley F.—Cheilanthes tenuifolia, Sw. (Name Parsley applied to adifferent Fern elsewhere.)
Sword F.—Grammitis australis, R. Br.
Umbrella F., Tasmanian name for Fan F. (q.v.).
Other ferns not in this list appear elsewhere. See also Ferntree. ____ * Elsewhere the name is applied to a different species. ——
The Fern-bird—Sphenoecus punctatus, Gray.
Chatham Island F.-b.—S. rufescens, Buller.
Fulvous F.-b.—S. fulvus, Gray.
1885. `Transactions of the New Zealand Institute,' vol. xviii. p. 125:
"The peculiar chirp of the fern bird is yet to be heard among the tall fern."
1885. A. Hamilton, `Native Birds of Petane, Hawke's Bay':
"Fern-bird. The peculiar chirp of this lively little bird is yet to be heard among the tall fern, though it is not so plentiful as in days gone by."
1888. W. L. Buller, `Birds of New Zealand,' vol. i. p. 59:
"Fern Bird . . . This recluse little species is one of our commonest birds, but is oftener heard than seen. It frequents the dense fern of the open country and the beds of Raupo."
Dicksonia antarctica, Lab.; Alsophila australis, R. Br.; Todea africana, Willd.; Cyathea cunninghami, J. Hook.; Alsophila excelsa, R. Br.;
the last named, however, not occurring in Tasmania or Victoria.
1836. Ross, `Hobart Town Almanack,' p. 164:
"We entered a beautiful fern-tree grove, that also concealed the heavens from view, spreading like a plantation or cocoa-nut tree orchard, but with far more elegance and effect."
1839. C. Darwin, `Voyage of Beagle' (ed. 1890), p. 177:
"Tree-ferns thrive luxuriantly in Van Diemen's Land (lat. 45 degrees), and I measured one trunk no less than six feet in circumference. An arborescent fern was found by Forster in New Zealand in 46 degrees, where orchideous plants are parasitical on the trees. In the Auckland Islands, ferns, according to Dr. Dieffenbach, have trunks so thick and high that they may be almost called tree-ferns."
1857. F. R. Nixon (Bishop of Tasmania), `Cruise of the Beacon,' p. 26:
"With these they [i.e. the Tasmanian Aborigines] mingled the core or pith of the fern trees, Cibotium Bollardieri and Alsophila Australis (of which the former is rather astringent and dry for a European palate, and the latter, though more tolerable, is yet scarcely equal to a Swedish turnip.)"
1870. S. H. Wintle, `Fragments of Fern Fronds,' p. 39:
"Where the feet of the mountains are bathed by cool fountains,The green, drooping fern trees are seen."
1878. William Sharp, `Australian Ballads,' `Canterbury Poets'(Scott, 1888), pp. 180-81:
"The feathery fern-trees make a screen,Where through the sun-glare cannot pass—Fern, gum, and lofty sassafras."
"Under a feathery fern-tree boughA huge iguana lies alow."
1884. R. L. A. Davies, `Poems and Literary Remains,' p. 83:
"There were mossy fern-trees near me,With their graceful feathered fronds,Which they slowly waved above me,Like hoar magicians' wands."
1893. A.R. Wallace, `Australasia,' vol. i. p. 53:
"Here are graceful palms rising to 70 or even 100 feet; the Indian fig with its tortuous branches clothed with a drapery of curious parasites; while graceful tree ferns, 30 feet high, flourish in the damp atmosphere of the sheltered dells."
1862. W. Archer, `Products of Tasmania,' p. 41:
"Fibrous grass (Stipa semibarbata, Br.). After the seed has ripened the upper part of the stem breaks up into fibre, which curls loosely and hangs down waving in the wind."
Blue Fig—Elaeocarpus grandis, F. v. M., N.O. Tiliaceae.
Clustered F.—Ficus glomerata, Willd., N.O. Urticaceae.
Moreton Bay F.—P. macrophylla, Desf., N.O. Urticaciae //sic. check//.
Prickly F.—Elaeocarpus holopetalus, F. v. M.,N.O. Tiliaceae.
Purple F., or White F., or Rough-leaved F., or Flooded F.[Clarence River]—Ficus scabra, G. Forst., N.O. Urticaciae.
Ribbed F.—F. pleurocarpa, F. v. M., N.O. Urticaciae.
Rusty F., or Narrow-leaved F. [or Port Jackson]— F. rubiginosa, Desf., N.O. Urticaciae; called also Native Banyan.
1862. H. C. Kendall, `Poems,' p.119:
"And I forget how lone we sit beneath this old fig-tree."
1870. F. S. Wilson, `Australian Songs,' p. 115:
"The fig-tree casts a pleasant shadeOn the straggling ferns below."
1882. J. H. Maiden, `Useful Native Plants,' p. 537:
"Moreton Bay fig. This noble-looking tree has a wood which is sometimes used, though it is very difficult to season."
[It is a handsome evergreen with dark leaves, larger than those of a horse-chestnut, much used as an ornament in street and gardens, especially in Sydney and Adelaide. The fig is not edible.]
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Miner's Right, c. 44, p. 380:
"The . . . venerable church with its alleys of araucaria and Moreton Bay fig-trees."
Banded Finch—Stictoptera bichenovii, Vig. and Hors.
Black-ringed F.—S. annulosa, Gould.
Black-rumped F.—Poephila atropygialis, Diggles.
Black-throated F.—P. cincta, Gould.
Chestnut-breasted F.—Munia castaneothorax, Gould.
Chestnut-eared F.—Taeniopygia castanotis, Gould.
Crimson F.—Neochmia phaeton, Homb. and Jacq.
Fire-tailed F.—Zonaeginthus bellus, Lath.
Gouldian F.—Poephila gouldiae, Gould.
Long-tailed F.—P. acuticauda, Gould.
Masked F.—P. personata, Gould.
Painted F.—Emblema picta, Gould.
Plum-head F.—Aidemosyne modesta, Gould.
Red-browed F.—AEgintha temporalis, Lath.
Red-eared F.—Zonaeginthus oculatus, Quoy and Gaim.
Red-tailed F.—Bathilda ruficauda, Gould.
Scarlet-headed F.—Poephila mirabilis, Homb. and Jacq.
Spotted-sided F.—Staganopleura guttata, Shaw.
White-Breasted F.—Munia pectoralis, Gould.
White-eared F.—Poephila leucotis, Gould.
Yellow-rumped F.—Munia flaviprymna, Gould.