1885. F. McCoy, `Prodromus of the Natural History of Victoria,' Dec. 5, pl. 50:
"Our Cicada moerens . . . produces an almost deafening sound from the numbers of the individuals in the hottest days and the loudness of their noise." "This species (Cyclochila Australasiae) is much less abundant than the C. moerens, and seems more confined to moist places, such as river banks and deep ravines and gullies."
1889. F. McCoy, `Prodromus of the Natural History of Victoria,' Dec. 11, pl. 110:
"The great size of the muscular thighs of the posterior pair of feet enables the Locusts to jump much higher, further, and more readily than Grasshoppers, giving an example of muscular power almost unparalleled in the animal kingdom."
1896. F. A. Skuse, `Records of Australian Museum,' vol. ii. No. 7, p. 107:
"What are commonly styled `locusts' in this country are really Cicadae, belonging to a totally distinct and widely separated order of insects. And moreover the same kind of Cicada is known by different names in different localities, such as `Miller,' `Mealyback,' etc. The true locusts belong to the grasshoppers, while the Homopterous Cicadidae have been known as Cicadas from times of remote antiquity."
1802. G. Barrington, `History of New South Wales,' p. 178:
"Not more than ten settlers had been able to erect dwellings better than log-huts." [This was in Sydney, 1796.]
1846. J. L. Stokes, `Discoveries in Australia,' vol. I. c. ix. p. 287:
"Captain Fyans was living in a log-hut on the banks of theMarabool river."
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Miner's Right,' c. vi. p. 61:
"Log-huts, with the walls built American fashion, of horizontal tree-trunks."
Black-headed—Orthonyx spaldingi, Ramsay;
Spinetailed— O. spinicauda, Temm., called also Pheasant's Mother. See Orthonyx.
1802. G.Barrington, `History of New South Wales,' p. 184:
"The governor resolved on building a large log prison both at Sydney and Paramatta, and `as the affair cried haste,' a quantity of logs were ordered to be sent in by the various settlers, officers and others."
[p. 196]: "The inhabitants of Sydney were assessed to supply thatch for the new gaol, and the building was enclosed with a strong high fence. It was 80 feet long, the sides and ends were of strong logs, a double row of which formed each partition. The prison was divided into 22 cells. The floor and the roof were logs, over which was a coat eight inches deep of clay."
1851. Letter from Mrs. Perry, given in Canon Goodman's `Church of Victoria during Episcopate of Bishop Perry,' p. 164:
"One [sentry] at the lock-up, a regular American log-hut." [sic. But in America it would have been called a log-cabin.]
1888. Rolf Boldrewood, `Robbery under Arms,' p. 193:
"Let's put him in the Logs . . . The lock-up, like most bush ones, was built of heavy logs, just roughly squared, with the ceiling the same sort."
1888. Rolf Boldrewood, `A Sydneyside Saxon,' p. 111:
"`He'll land himself in the logs about that same calf racket if he doesn't lookout, some day.' `Logs!' I says. `There don't seem to be many about this part. The trees are all too small.'"
1890. Rolf Boldrewood, `Miner's Right,' c. v. p. 54:
"We . . . had logged up and made a start with another shaft."
1871. J. J. Simpson, `Recitations,' p. 24:
"Lollies that the children like."
1874. Garnet Walch, `Head over Heels,' p. 18:
"Common children fancy lollies,Eat them 'gainst their parents' wills."
1882. A. J. Boyd, `Old Colonials,' p. 16:
"I thankfully expended the one in bile-producing cakes and lollies."
1893. `Evening Standard' (Melbourne), Oct. 18, p. 6, col. 2:
"Mr. Patterson (musing over last Saturday's experiences): You're going to raise the price of lollies. I'm a great buyer of them myself. (Laughter.) If you pay the full duty it will, doubtless, be patriotic for me to buy more when I go amongst the juveniles."
1882. Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, `Fish of New South Wales,' p. 33:
"The long-fin, Anthias Iongimanus, Gunth., is a good fish that finds its way to the market occasionally . . . may be known by its uniform red colour, and the great length of the pectoral fins."
1888. Cassell's `Picturesque Australasia,' vol. iii. p. 83:
"Their drivers had completed their regulation half-score of `long-sleevers' of `she-oak.'"
1874. W. H. L. Ranken, `Dominion of Australia,' c. vi. p. 105:
"Plains are scoured and every piece of timber looked." [sc. looked-over.]
1855. W. Howitt, `Two Years in Victoria,' vol. i. p. 35:
"Every body gallops here, or at least goes at a canter—which they call the Australian lope."
Blue-bellied Lorikeet—Trichoglossus novae-hollandiae, Gmel.
Blue-faced L.—Cyclopsitta macleayana, Ramsay.
Little L.—Trichoglossus pusillus, Shaw.
Musk L.—T. concinnus, Shaw.
Purple-crowned L.—T. porphyrocephalus, Dietr.
Red-collared L.—T. rubritorqus, Vig. and Hors.
Red-faced L.—Cyclopsitta coxenii, Gould.
Scaly-breasted L.—Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus, Kuhl.
Swift L.—Lathamus discolor, Shaw.
Varied L.—Trichoglossus versicolor, Vig.
The following table gives Gould's classification in 1848:—
1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. v.
Plate
Lathamus discolor, Swift Lorikeet … … 47 Trichoglossus Novae-Hollandiae, Jard. and Selb., Swainson's L. … … … … … … 48 T. rubritorquis, Vig. and Horsf., Red-collared L. 49 T. chlorolepidotus, Scaly-breasted L. … 50 T. versicolor, Vig., Varied L. … … 51 T. concinnus, Musky L. … … … … 52 T. porphyrocephalus, Dict., Porphyry-crowned L. 53 T. pusillus, Little L. … … … … 54
1890. `The Argus,' June 7, p. 13, col. 4:
"On the hill-sides the converse of the lorikeets as they drain the honeycups and swing and chatter in low undertones the whole day long."
Crimson-winged Lory—Aprosmictus coccineopterus, Gould.
King L.—A. scapulatus, Bechst.
Red-winged Lory—A. erythropterus, Gmel.
1848. Gould's `Birds of Australia,' vol. v.:
"Aprosmictus scapulatus, king lory; erythropturus, red-winged lory."
1890. C. Lumholtz, `Among Cannibals,' p. 22:
"The most striking bird on the lagoon is doubtless the beautiful Parra gallinacea, which in Australia is called the lotus-bird. It sits on the leaves that float on the water, particularly those of the water-lily."
1888. Rolf Boldrewood, `Robbery under Arms,' p. 171:
"The Lowan (Mallee-hen, they're mostly called). The Lowan eggs—beautiful pink thin-shelled ones they are, first-rate to eat, and one of 'em a man's breakfast."
1890. A. H. S. Lucas, `Handbook of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science,' Melbourne, p. 68:
"To the dry, arid Mallee Scrub of the Western District is a radical change of scene. There the so-called Mallee hen, or Native name, Lowan (Leipoa ocellata), loves to dwell."
1896. `The Argus,' Aug. 4, p. 5, col. 2:
"The postmaster at Nhill had drawn the attention of the Deputy Postmaster-General to the large number of letters which are received there addressed to `Lowan.' It should be understood that this is the name of a county containing several postal districts, and correspondents should be more specific in their addresses."
1850. J. B. Clutterbuck, `Port Phillip in 1849,' p. 40:
"A great many species of the parrot are found; and of these the King Parrot is the most beautiful, and that called the Lowrie is perhaps the most docile."
1890. Lyth, `Golden South,' p. 127:
"The birds are very beautiful—the Blue Mountain and Lowrie parrots . . .'
1855. W. Blandowski, `Transactions of Philosophical Society of Victoria,' vol. i. p. 73 :
"The young man who wishes to marry has first to look out for a wife amongst the girls or leubras of some neighbouring tribe."
1864. H. Simcox, `Outward Bound," p. 87:
"Many lubras so black with their load on their back."
1885. R. M. Praed, `Australian Life," p. 23:
"Certain stout young gins or lubras, set apart for that purpose, were sacrificed."
1891. `The Argus,' Nov. 7, p. 13, col. 4:
"A few old lubras sufficiently dirty and unprepossessing."
1892. Gilbert Parker, `Round the Compass in Australia,' p. 28:
"Naked, and not ashamed, the old men grey-bearded and eyes bright, watched the cooking of the fish, and the younger, with the lubras, did the honours of reception."
1895. A. B. Paterson, `Man from Snowy River,' p. 95:
"And now lies wandering fat and sleek,On the Lucerne flats by the Homestead Creek."
"Lug, a kind of fish." (`Walker,' 1827)
1802. Flemming, `Journal of the Exploration of C. Grimes' (at Port Phillip), ed. by J. J. Shillinglaw, Melbourne, 1897, p. 27:
"Many swans, ducks and luggs."
The Lyre-bird—Menura superba, Davies.
Albert L.-b.—M. alberti, Gould.
Victoria L.-b.—M. victoriae, Gould.
Since 1888 the Lyre-bird has been the design on the eight-penny postage-stamp of New South Wales.
1802. G. Barrington, `History of New South Wales,' p. 435:
"The Bird of Paradise of New South Wales [with picture]. This elegant bird, which by some is called the Bird of Paradise, and by others the Maenura Superba, has a straight bill, with the nostrils in the centre of the beak."
1802. D. Collins, `History of English Colony of New South Wales,' vol. ii. p. 335:
"Menura superba." [But not the name lyre-bird].
1834. Geo. Bennett, `Wanderings in New South Wales, etc.,' /vol./ i. p. 277:
"The `Native or Wood-pheasant,' or `Lyre bird' of the colonists, the `Menura superba' of naturalists, and the `Beleck, beleck,' and `Balaugara' of the aboriginal tribes, is abundant about the mountain ranges, in all parts of the colony."
1846. G. H. Haydon, `Five Years in Australia Felix,' p. 132:
"Numerous pheasants (Menura superba). These birds are the mocking-birds of Australia, imitating all the sounds that are heard in the bush in great perfection. They are about the size of a barn-door fowl, and are not remarkable for any beauty either in the shape or colour, being of a dirty brown, approaching to black in some parts; their greatest attraction consists in the graceful tail of the cock bird, which assumes something the appearance of a lyre, for which reason some naturalists have called them lyre-birds."
1848. J. Gould, `Birds of Australia,' vol. iii. pl. 14:
"Menura superba, Davies, Lyre-bird; Pheasant of the Colonists. Were I requested to suggest an emblem for Australia amongst its birds, I should without the slightest hesitation select the Menura as the most appropriate, being strictly peculiar to Australia."
1864. J. S. Moore, `Spring-Life Lyrics;' p. 92:
"Shy as the lyre-bird, hidden away,A glittering waif in the wild."
1867. G. G. McCrae, `Balladeadro,' p. 30:
"There the proud lyre-bird spreads his tail,And mocks the notes of hill and daleWhether the wild dog's plaintive howlOr cry of piping water-fowl."
1872. A. McFarland, `Illawarra Manaro,' p. 54:
"The Lyre-bird may yet be seen—more frequently heard—amongst the gullies and ravines. It has the power of imitating every other bird, and nearly every sound it hears in the bush-even that of a cross-cut saw."
1886. J. A. Fronde, `Oceana,' p. 146:
"Here, too, for the first time, we saw a lyre-bird, which some one had just shot, the body being like a coot's, and about the same size, the tail long as the tail of a bird of paradise, beautifully marked in bright brown, with the two chief feathers curved into the shape of a Greek lyre, from which it takes its name."
1890. `Victorian Statutes'—Game Act, Third Schedule:
[Close Season.] "Lyre Birds. The whole year."
1893. `The Age,' Aug. 7, p. vi, col. 9:
"There are more reasons than one why the lyre-bird should be preserved. From a purely utilitarian point of view it is of value, for it is insectivorous and preys upon insects which are apt to prefer orchard fruit to their natural bush food. But the bird has as well a national and sentimental value. Next to the emu it is the most typical Australian bird. It is peculiar to Australia, for in no other country is it to be seen. Comparatively speaking it is a rara avis even in Australia itself, for it is only to be found in the most secluded parts of two colonies—Victoria and New South Wales. It is the native pheasant. The aborigines call it `Beleck-Beleck,' and whites call it the `lyre-bird' from the shape of its tail; the ornithologists have named it Menura. There are three species—the Victoriae of this colony, and the Alberta and superba of New South Wales. The general plumage is glossy brown, shaded with black and silver grey, and the ornate tail of the male bird is brown with black bars. They live in the densest recesses of the fern gullies of the Dividing Range with the yellow-breasted robin, the satin-bird, and the bell-bird as their neighbours. They are the most shy of birds, and are oftener heard than seen. Their notes, too, are heard more frequently than they are recognized, for they are consummate mimics and ventriloquists. They imitate to perfection the notes of all other birds, the united voicing of a flock of paraquetts [sic], the barking of dogs, the sawing of timber, and the clink of the woodman's axe. Thus it is that the menura has earned for itself the title of the Australian mocking-bird. Parrots and magpies are taught to speak; as a mimic the lyre-bird requires no teacher."
1893. `Sydney Morning Herald,' Aug. 9. p. 9, col. 1:
"If the creature was lovely its beauty was marketable and fatal—and the lyre-bird was pursued to its last retreats and inveigled to death, so that its feathers might be peddled in our streets."
1831. Ross, `Hobart Town Almanack,' p. 265:
"That valuable plant called the Macquarie harbour grape. It was so named by Mr. Lempriere, late of the Commissariat at that station, who first brought it into notice as a desirable acquisition in our gardens."
1834. Ross, `Van Diemen's Land Annual,' p. 133:
"Polygonum adpressum. The Macquarie harbour vine, either as an insignificant trailing plant, or as a magnificent climber, according to the soil and situation, is found on the coast of various parts of Van Diemen's Land, and also as far inland as within about four miles of New Norfolk. This plant has a small but sweet fruit, formed of the thickened divisions of the calyx of the flower, inclosing a triangular seed of unpleasant flavour."
Black-backed Magpie— Gymnorhina tibicen, Lath.; called also Flute-Bird (q.v.).
Long-billed M.— G. dorsalis, Campbell.
White, or Organ M.— G. organicum, Gould; called also Organ-bird (q.v.).
White-backed M.— G. leuconota, Gould.
In Tasmania, the name is also applied to the—
Black Magpie—Strepera fuliginosa, Gould; andS. arguta, Gould.
1859. H. Kingsley, `Geoffr/e/y Hamlyn,' vol. ii. p. 314 [Footnote]:
"Magpie, a large, pied crow.Of all the birds I have ever seen, the cleverest, the most grotesque, and the most musical. The splendid melody of his morning and evening song is as unequalled as it is indescribable."
1869. B. Hoare, `Figures of Fancy,' p. 97:
"Gay magpies chant the livelong day."
1886. T. Heney, `Fortunate Days,' p. 47:
"The magpie swells from knoll or silent brakeHis loud sweet tune."
1887. `Melbourne Punch,' March 31:
"The magpie maketh muteHis mellow fluent flute,Nor chaunteth now his leuconotic hymn."
1888. Cassell's `Picturesque Australasia,' vol. ii. p. 235:
"The little magpie-lark. . . . His more elegant and graceful figure remains in modest silence by the hedgerow in the outskirts."
1845. R. Howitt, `Australia,' p. 185:
"Other lesser brats were in magras, gipsy-like, at their mothers' backs."
On p. 191, Mr. Howitt uses the form "mogra."
1855. Rev. R. Taylor, `Te Ika a Maui,' p. 447:
"Mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) grows to the height of about fifty feet, and has a fine thin spiral leaf."
1863. Thomas Moser, `Mahoe Leaves':
[Title of a volume of articles about the Maoris.]
1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand,' p. 130:
"Mahoe, hinahina. A small tree twenty to thirty feet high; trunk often angular and seven feet in girth. The word is soft and not in use. . . . Leaves greedily eaten by cattle."
Mahogany, Tristania conferta, R. Br., N.O.Myrtaceae; called also White Box, Red Box, BrushBox, Bastard Box, Brisbane Box. This bark is occasionally usedfor tanning.
Bastard Mahogany, or Gippsland Mahogany, or Swamp Mahogany, Eucalyptus botryoides, Smith, N.O. Myrtaceae. The Blue Gum of New South Wales coast districts. Bastard Mahogany of Gippsland and New South Wales; called also Swamp Mahogany in Victoria and New South Wales. It also bears the names of Bastard Jarrah, and occasionally Woolly Butt. Sydney workmen often give it the name Bangalay, by which it was formerly known by the aboriginals of Port Jackson. It is one of four colonial timbers recommended by the Victorian Carriage Timber Board for use in the construction of railway carriages. Specimens from Gippsland (Gippsland Mahogany) are spoken of as "a timber of good colour, as strong as Blue Gum."
Mahogany, or Bastard Mahogany, Eucalyptus marginata, Smith, N.O. Myrtaceae. Universally known as Jarrah. In Western Australia it also bears the name of Mahogany, or Bastard Mahogany.
Forest or Red Mahogany, Eucalyptus resinifera, Smith,N.O. Myrtaceae; called also Jimmy Low (q.v.).
Forest Mahogany, Eucalyptus microcorys, F. v. M.,N.O. Myrtaceae. In Queensland it is known asPeppermint, the foliage being remarkably rich in volatile oil.But its almost universal name is Tallow Wood (q.v.).North of Port Jackson it bears the name of TurpentineTree (q.v.), and Forest Mahogany.
Tom Russell's Mahogany, Lysicarpus ternifolius,F. v. M., N.O. Myrtaceae.
Swamp Mahogany, or White Mahogany, Eucalyptus robusta, Smith, N.O. Myrtaceae, B. Fl. This tree is known as White, or Swamp Mahogany, from the fact that it generally grows in swampy ground. It is also called Brown Gum. This timber is much valued for shingles, wheelwrights'work, ship-building, and building purposes generally. As a timber for fuel, and where no great strength is required, it is excellent, especially when we consider its adaptability to stagnant, swampy, or marshy places.
1846. J. L. Stokes, `Discoveries in Australia,' vol. ii. c. iv. p. 132:
"Mahogany, Jarrail, Eucalyptus, grows on white sandy land."
Ibid. vol. ii. c. iv. p. 231:
"Part of our road lay through a thick mahogany scrub."
1855. Rev. R. Taylor, `Te Ika a Maui,' p. 440:
"Matai, mai (Dacrydium mai), a tree with a fine thick top, and leaf much resembling that of the yew. The wood is of a slightly reddish colour, close-grained, but brittle, and peculiarly fragrant when burnt. . . . Highly prized for fuel, and also much used for furniture, as it works up easily and comes next to the totara for durability."
1876. W. n. Blair, `Transactions of New Zealand Institute,' vol. ix. art. x. p. 157:
"I have in this paper adhered to the popular name of black-pine for this timber, but the native name matai is always used in the north."
(1) Santalum cunninghamii, Hook., a sandal-wood;
2) Olea of various species (formerly Fusanus);
(3) Eugenia maire, A. Cunn., native box-wood, but now usually confined to N.O. Santalaceae.
1835. W. Yate, `Some Account of New Zealand,' p. 41:
"Mairi—a tree of the Podocarpus species."
1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand, pp. 132-33:
"Maire—a small tree ten to fifteen feet high, six to eight inches in diameter; wood hard, close-grained, heavy, used by Maoris in the manufacture of war implements. Has been used as a substitute for box by wood-engravers. Black maire, N.O. Jasmineae;also Maire-rau-nui, Olea Cunninghamii. Hook., fil., Black M., forty to fifty feet high, three to four feet in diameter, timber close-grained, heavy, and very durable."
1882. Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, `Fish of New South Wales,' p. 82:
"The Sergeant Baker in all probability got its local appellation to the early history of the colony (New South Wales), as it was called after a sergeant of that name in one of the first detachments of a regiment; so were also two fruits of the Geebong tribe (Persoonia); one was called Major Buller, and the other Major Groce, and this latter again further corrupted into Major Grocer."
1859. H. Kingsley, `Geoffrey Hamlyn,' vol. ii. p. 185 [Footnote]:
"`Make a light,' in blackfellow's gibberish, means simply`See.'"
1883. J. Hector, `Handbook of New Zealand, p. 130:
"Mako, a small handsome tree, six to twenty feet high, quick-growing, with large racemes of reddish nodding flowers. Wood very light and white in colour."
1848. W. Westgarth, `Australia Felix,' p. 73:
"The natives of the Wimmera prepare a luscious drink from the laap, a sweet exudation from the leaf of the mallee (Eucalyptus dumosa"
1854. E. Stone Parker, `Aborigines of Australia,' p. 25:
"The immense thickets of Eucalyptus dumosa, commonly designated the `Malle' scrub."
1857. W. Howitt,' Tallangetta,' vol. ii. p. 2:
"This mallee scrub, as it is called, consists of a dense wood of a dwarf species of gum-tree, Eucalyptus dumosa. This tree, not more than a dozen feet in height, stretches its horizontal and rigid branches around it so as to form with its congeners a close, compact mass."
186. W. Howitt, `Discovery in Australia, vol. i. p. 214 (Oxley's Expedition in 1817):
"The country, in dead flats, was overspread with what is now called mallee scrub, that is, the dwarf spreading eucalyptus, to which Mr. Cunningham gave the specific name of dumosa, a most pestilent scrub to travel through, the openings betwixt the trees being equally infested with the detestable malle-grass."
1883. `The Mallee Pastoral Leases Act, 1883,' 47 Vict. No. 766, p. 3:
"The lands not alienated from the Crown and situated in the North-Western district of Victoria within the boundaries set forth in the First Schedule hereto, comprising in all some ten millions of acres wholly or partially covered with the mallee plant, and known as the Mallee Country, shall be divided into blocks as hereinafter provided."
1890. `The Argus,' June 13, p. 6, col. 2:
"Mallee Selections at Horsham. A special Mallee Board, consisting of Mr. Hayes, head of the Mallee branch of the Lands Department, and Mr. Porter."
1893. `The Argus,' April 24, p. 7, col. 5:
"In the Mallee country there is abundance of work, cutting down mallee, picking up dead wood, rabbit destruction, etc.
1893. A. R. Wallace, `Australasia,' vol. i. p. 46:
"One of the most common terms used by explorers is `Mallee' scrub, so called from its being composed of dwarf species of Eucalyptus, called `Mallee' by the natives. The species that forms the `mallee' scrub of South Australia is the Eucalyptus dumosa, and it is probable that allied species receive the same name in other parts of the country."
1897. `The Argus,' March 2, p. 7, col. 1:
"The late Baron von Mueller was firmly convinced that it would pay well in this colony, and especially in the mallee, to manufacture potash."
1890. `Victorian Statutes-Game Act, Third Schedule':
[Close Season.] "Mallee-hen, from 1st day of August to the 20th day of December next following in each year."
1895. `The Australasian,' Oct.5, p. 652, col. 1:
". . . the economy of the lowan or mallee-hen. . . . It does not incubate its eggs after the manner of other birds, but deposits them in a large mound of sand . . . Shy and timid. Inhabits dry and scrubs. In shape and size resembles a greyish mottled domestic turkey, but is smaller, more compact and stouter in the legs."
1893. A. R. Wallace, `Australasia,' vol. i. p. 22:
"The flat and, rarely, hilly plains . . . are covered chiefly with thickets and `scrub' of social plants, generally with hard and prickly leaves. This `scrub,' which is quite a feature of the Australian interior, is chiefly formed of a bushy Eucalyptus, which grows somewhat like our osiers to a height of 8 or 10 feet, and often so densely covers the ground as to be quite impenetrable. This is the `Mallee scrub' of the explorers; while the still more dreaded `Mulga scrub' consists of species of prickly acacia, which tear the clothes and wound the flesh of the traveller."
1896. F. G. Aflalo, `Natural History of Australia,' p. 136:
"The Wrens and Warblers—chiefly Maluri, with the allied Amytis and Stipiturus—are purely Australian. They are feeble on the wing but swift of foot."
1843. E. Dieffenbach, `Travels in New Zealand,' vol. i. p. 371:
"Mana—command, authority, power."
1855. Rev. R. Taylor, `Te Ika a Maui,' p. 279:
"The natives feel that with the land their `mana,' or power, has gone likewise; few therefore can now be induced to part with land."
1863. F. E. Maning (Pakeha Maori), `Old New Zealand,' Intro. p. iii:
"The Maoris of my tribe used to come and ask me which had the greatest `mana' (i.e. fortune, prestige, power, strength), the Protestant God or the Romanist one."
1873. `Appendix to Journal of House of Representatives,' G. i, B. p. 8:
"The Government should be asked to recognize his mana over that territory."
1881. J. L.Campbell, `Poenamo,' p. 166:
"We should be glad to shelter ourselves under the mana— the protection—of good old Kanini."
1892. `Otago Witness,' Dec 22, p. 7, col. 1:
"A man of great lineage whose personal mana was undisputed."
1896. `New Zealand Herald,' Feb. 14 [Leading Article]:
"The word `mana,' power, or influence, may be said to be classical, as there were learned discussions about its precise meaning in the early dispatches and State papers. It may be said that misunderstanding about what mana meant caused the war at Taranaki."
1881. A. C. Grant, `Bush Life in Queensland,' vol. ii. p. 217:
"Descending from the branches of an ironbark tree beside him, a beautiful little mangaroo floated downwards on out-stretched wings to the foot of a sapling at a little distance away, and nimbly ascending it was followed by his mate."
1873. `Catalogue of Vienna Exhibition':
"Mangi—remarkably tough and compact, used for ship-blocks and similar purposes."
Bruguiera rheedii, of the N.O. Rhizophoreae, is called in Australia Red Mangrove, and the same vernacular name is applied to Heritiera littoralis, Dryand., N.O. Sterculiaceae, the Sundri of India and the Looking-glass Tree of English gardeners.
The name Milky Mangrove is given, in Australia, to Excaecaria agallocha, Linn., N.O. Euphorbiaceae, which further goes by the names of River Poisonous Tree and Blind-your-Eyes—names alluding to the poisonous juice of the stem.
The name River Mangrove is applied to AEgiceras majus, Gaertn., N.O. Myrsineae, which is not endemic in Australia.
In Tasmania, Native Mangrove is another name for the Boobialla (q.v.)
1847. L. Leichhardt, `Overland Expedition,' p. 289:
"As its foliage and the manner of the growth resemble the mangrove, we called it the mangrove-myrtle."
1835. Ross, `Hobart Town Almanack,' p. 99:
"Several of the species yield an exudation in the spring and summer months, which coagulates and drops from the leaves to the ground in small irregular shaped snow white particles, often as large as an almond [?]. They are sweet and very pleasant to the taste, and are greedily devoured by the birds, ants, and other animals, and used to be carefully picked up and eaten by the aborigines. This is a sort of Manna."
1878. R. Brough Smyth, `The Aborigines of Victoria,' vol. i. p. 211:
"Two varieties of a substance called manna are among the natural products . . . one kind . . . being secreted by the leaves and slender twigs of the E. viminalis from punctures or injuries done to these parts of the tree. . . . It consists principally of a kind of grape sugar and about 5 %. of the substance called mannite. Another variety of manna is the secretion of the pupa of an insect of the Psylla family and obtains the name of lerp among the aborigines. At certain seasons of the year it is very abundant on the leaves of E. dumosa, or mallee scrub . . ."
1878. W. W. Spicer, `Handbook of Plants of Tasmania, p. viii:
"The Hemipters, of which the aphids, or plant-lice, are a familiar example, are furnished with stiff beaks, with which they pierce the bark and leaves of various plants for the purpose of extracting the juices. It is to the punctures of this and some other insects of the same Order, that the sweet white manna is due, which occurs in large quantities during the summer months on many of the gum-trees."
1889. T. Kirk, `Forest Flora of New Zealand,' p. 192:
"The wood of the manoao is of a light-brown colour."
1840. J. S. Polack, `Manners and Customs of the New Zealanders,' p. 258:
"This wood, called by the southern tribes manuka, is remarkably hard and durable, and throughout the country is an especial favourite with the natives, who make their spears, paddles, fishing rods, etc., of this useful timber."
1842. W. R. Wade, `Journey in Northern Island of New Zealand,' p. 75:
"The Manuka, or, as it is called in the northern part of the island, Kahikatoa (leptospermum scoparium), is a mysterious plant, known in Van Diemen's Land as the tea tree."
1843. E. Dieffenbach, `Travels in New Zealand,' vol. i. p. 28:
"The manuka supplies the place of the tea-shrub."
1845. E. J. Wakefield, `Adventures in New Zealand,' vol. i. p. 270:
"[The house] was protected from the weather by a wooden railing filled in with branches of the manuka. This is a shrub very abundant in some parts. The plant resembles the teaplant in leaves and flower, and is often used green by the whalers and traders for the same purpose."
1851. Mrs.Wilson, `New Zealand,' p. 46:
"It is generally made of manuka a very hard, dark, close-grained and heavy wood."
1867. Lady Barker, `Station Life in New Zealand,' p. 121:
"The manuka, a sort of scrub, has a pretty blossom like a diminutive Michaelmas daisy, white petals and a brown centre, with a very aromatic odour; and this little flower is succeeded by a berry with the same strong smell and taste of spice. The shepherds sometimes make an infusion of these when they are very hard up for tea; but it must be like drinking a decoction of cloves."
1871. C. L. Money, `Knocking about in New Zealand,' p. 70:
"Chiefly covered with fern and tea-tree (manuka) scrub."
1872. A. Domett, `Ranolf,' p. 149:
"Then to a copse of manuka retreat,Where they could safely, secretly commune."
[Domett has the following note—"`A large shrub or small tree; leaves used as tea in Tasmania and Australia, where the plant is equally abundant' (Hooker). In the poem it is called indiscriminately manuka, broom, broom-like myrtle, or leptosperm. The settlers often call it `tea-broom.'"]
1875. Wood and Lapham, `Waiting for the Mail,' p. 23:
"A tremendous fire of broadleaf and manuka roared in the chimney."
1889. Cassell's `Picturesque Australasia,' vol. iv. p. 123:
"Manuka is a shrub which is rampant throughout New Zealand.If it were less common it would be thought more beautiful.In summer it is covered with white blossom: and there arefew more charming sights than a plain of flourishing manuka."
1886. R. A. Sherrin, `Fishes of New Zealand,' p. 67:
"The delicious little maomao may be caught at the RiverinaRocks in immense quantities."
(2) The language of the Maori race.
(3) adj. applied to anything pertaining to the Maoris or their language. See Pakeha.
There is a discussion on the word in the `Journal of Polynesian Society,' vol. i. no. 3, vol. ii. no. 1, and vol. iii. no. i. Bishop Williams (4th ed.) says that the word means, "of the normal or usual kind." The Pakehas were not men to whom the natives were accustomed. So Maori was used as opposed to the Europeans, the white-skins. Kuri Maori was a name used for a dog after the arrival of other quadrupeds called also kuri. Wai maori was freshwater, ordinary as opposed to sea-water. Another explanation is that the word meant "indigenous," and that there are kindred words with that meaning in other Polynesian languages. First, "indigenous," or "of the native race," and then with a secondary meaning, "ours." (See Tregear's Maori Comparative Dictionary,' s.v.)
The form of the plural varies. The form Maoris is considered the more correct, but the form Maories is frequently used by good writers.
1845. E. J. Wakefield, `Adventures in New Zealand,' vol. i. p. 194:
"The Maori language is essentially a poor one, and possesses in particular but few words which express abstract ideas."
1859. A. S. Thomson, `Story of New Zealand,' vol. i. c. iii. p. 51:
"No light is thrown on the origin of the New Zealanders from the name Maori which they call themselves. This word, rendered by linguists `native,' is used in contradistinction to pakeha, or stranger."
1864. Crosbie Ward, `Canterbury Rhymes,' `The Runaways' (2nd edition), p. 79:
"One morn they fought, the fight was hot,Although the day was show'ry;And many a gallant soldier thenWas bid Memento Maori."
1891. Jessie Mackay, `The Sitter on the Rail, and other Poems,' p. 61:
"Like the night, the fated MaoriFights the coming day;Fights and falls as doth the kauriHewn by axe away."
(4) Name given in New South Wales to the fish, Cosis lineolatus, one of the Labridae, or Wrasses.
1855. Rev. R. Taylor, `Te Ika a Maui,' p. 206.:
"Every recollection of Cook is interesting. . . . But the chief record of his having been on the island is the cabbage and turnip which he sowed in various places: these have spread and become quite naturalized, growing everywhere in the greatest abundance, and affording an inexhaustible supply of excellent vegetables."
1863. S. Butler, `First Year in Canterbury Settlement,' p. 131:
"The only plant good to eat is Maori cabbage, and that is swede turnip gone wild, from seed left by Captain Cook."
1880. W. Colenso, `Transactions of New Zealand Institute,' vol. xiii. art. i. p. 31 [`On the Vegetable Food of the Ancient New Zealanders']:
"The leaves of several smaller plants were also used as vegetables; but the use of these in modern times, or during the last forty or fifty years, was commonly superseded by that of the extremely useful and favourite plant—the Maori cabbage, Brassica oleracea, introduced by Cook (nani of the Maoris at the north, and rearea at the south), of which they carefully sowed the seeds."
1877. P. Thomson, `Transactions of the New Zealand Institute,' vol. x. art. xliv. p. 330:
"Some odd fishes now and then turn up in the market, such as the Maori-chief, cat-fish, etc."
1878. Ibid. vol. xi. art. lii. p. 381:
"That very dark-skinned fish, the Maori-chief, Notothenia Maoriensis of Dr. Haast, is not uncommon, but is rarely seen more than one at a time."
1896. `The Australasian,' Aug. 28, p. 407, col. 5:
"Resemblances are strange things. At first it would seem improbable that a fish could be like a man, but in Dunedin a fish was shown to me called Maori Chief, and with the exercise of a little imagination it was not difficult to perceive the likeness. Nay, some years ago, at a fishmonger's in Melbourne, a fish used to be labelled with the name of a prominent Victorian politician now no more. There is reason, however, to believe that art was called in to complete the likeness."
1882. T. H. Potts, `Out in the Open,' p. 169:
"A boggy creek that oozed sluggishly through rich black soil, amongst tall raupo, maori-heads, and huge flax-bushes."
1892. W. McHutcheson, `Camp Life in Fiordland,' p. 34:
"Amid the ooze and slime rose a rank growth of `Maori heads.'"
1873. J. H. St. John [Title]:
"Pakeha Rambles through Maori Lands."
1874. J. C. Johnstone [Title]:
"Maoria: a sketch of the Manners and Customs of theAboriginal Inhabitants of New Zealand."
1884. Kerry Nicholls [Title]:
"The King Country, or Explorations in New Zealand.A Narrative of 600 Miles of Travel through Maoriland."
1884. [Title]:
"Maoriland: an Illustrated Handbook to New Zealand."
1886. Annie R. Butler [Title]
"Glimpses of Maori Land."
1890. T. Bracken [Title]:
"Musings in Maori Land."
1896. `The Argus,' July 22, p. 4, col. 8:
"Always something new from Maoriland! Our New Zealand friends are kindly obliging us with vivid illustrations of how far demagogues in office will actually go."
1896. `Melbourne Punch,' April 9, p. 233, col. 2:
"Norman is a pushing young Maorilander who apparently has theBritisher by the right ear."
1883. `A Citizen,' `Illustrated Guide to Dunedin,' p. 169:
"Tungstate of lime occurs plentifully in the Wakatipu district, where from its weight and colour it is called White Maori by the miners."
The Mapau— Myrsine urvillei, De C., N.O. Myrsineae; sometimes called Red Mapau.
Black M.— Pittosporum tenuifolium, Banks and Sol., N.O. Pittosporeae; Maori name, Tawhiri.
White M.— Carpodetus serratus, Forst., N.O. Saxifrageae; Pittosporum eugenoides, A. Cunn.; Maori name, Tarata (q.v.); called also the Hedge-laurel (q.v.), Lemon-wood, and New Zealand Oak. See Oak.
The first of these trees (Myrsine urvillei) is, according to Colenso, the only tree to which the Maoris themselves give the name Mapau. The others are only so called by the settlers.
1868. `Transactions of the New Zealand Institute,' vol. i., `Essay on Botany of Otago,' p. 37:
"White Mapau, or Piripiri-whata (Carpodetus serratus), an ornamental shrub-tree, with mottled-green leaves, and large cymose panicles of white flowers. . . . Red Mapau (Myrsine Urvillei), a small tree common at Dunedin. Wood dark red, very astringent, used as fence stuff."