A.Aachen153–155.159.162f.180.187.189f.195.228.230;F.262;F.284.314.345, Ko.Abbassiden150.172.Abd-el-Kader354.Abdurrahman150.171.420.Abessinien302.406.412.Åbo F.292.Abu-Bekr149.Abukir S.317.Abuscher419.Abydos31.52, S.59.Achäer23.28.31f.45.58f.97.Achäischer Bund68. 95–97.98.Achaja28.33.40.48;röm. Prov.98.122,176, Hz.Achämeniden19.Ackergesetze78.81f.100f.110f.Actium S.47.120.Adalbert v. Bremen166.— v. Prag162.Adelheid Ks.158.160.162.Adolf v. Nassau196.— Fr. K. v. Schw.292— v. Lippe438.Adrianopel175.218;F.347, S.136f.140.Aedilen77.81.96.Aegat. Inseln S.88.Aegina25.28.37–41.44.48.Aigospotamoi S.53.Aegypten3–6.9f.11.19–21.24.31.44f.57.60.63.94.97.115f.119;röm. Prov.120.122.134;im Mittelalter149.172.175.178;in der Neuzeit219.316.319.353,405–409.Aemilius Paulus90.96.Aeneas27.71.— Silvius205.Aeoler23.28.38.Aequer70.77f.80.Aeschines58.62.70.Aeschylos47.Aëtius142.Aetoler28.68.91,95f.Afghanistan172.353.406.407.419f.Africa, röm. Prov.98.105.116.119.122.133.135.142.Agadir405.Agamemnon27.Agathokles67.87.Agbatana18f.61.62.Agesilaos56f.Agis29.51.53.62.68.Agricola128f.Agrigent, Akragas32.37.47.87.Agrippa77.119.123.Agrippina123.125f.Akkon175.177f.314.Akropolis33.36.41.43.46.54.Alalia S.14.32.Alamannen132–135.137.139.143.150.Alanen134.140f.Alarich140f.144.Alaska302.417.Alba Hz.232.243.— Longa71f.Albert K. v. Sachsen384.435.Albert v. Koburg353.— K. v. Belgien410.Albertus Magnus178.Albigenser191.Alboin144.Albrecht I. K. v. D.196f.— II.205.218.— Achilles206.428.— d. Bär179f.415.427.— Erzh.379.— Hz. v. Meckl.215.437.— Hz. V. Pr.228.429.— Prinz v. Pr.395.437.Albuquerque222.Alcuin154.Alesia Bl.112.Alessandria183.Alexander K. v. Mak.38.41.— d. Gr.14.21.58–62.— III. P.183.193.— VI.240.— I. Ks. v. R.319.323.326.328.331f.334.339.343.347.— II.366.369.399ff.— III.400.402.— v. Bulgarien414f.— v. Parma238.243.— v. Pherä56.— v. Serbien399.414.— Severus Ks.133.Alexandria60.65.97.115f.128.131.136.149.177.316.406.Alexei269.294.Alexius Ks.172.Alfons K. v. Kastilien171.189.194.214.— K. v. Neapel211.— K. v. Sp.413ff.Alfred d. Gr.170.Algeciras405.Algier232.348.354.369.Ali149.Aliso124.Alkassar S.245.Alkibiades50–52.54.Alkmäoniden34.36.Alkmar Kapit.318.Allia8.80.Alsen268.373f.Altenburg197.206.227;Hz.378.437.Altmark161.427.Altranstädt F.275.Amberg S.315;Ambrosius137.Amerigo Vespucci222.Amiens F.320, S,387.Ampfing S.198.Amphiktyonien31.33.57–59.Amphipolis46.57.99;S.49.Amphissa59.Amsterdam244.263.Anakreon38.Anaxagoras47.Ancus Marcius72.Andernach S.156.159.Andreas K. v. Ung.177.217.Angelsachsen142.145.151.154.159.169.192.Anglikan. Kirche246.249.270.Angora S.218.Anhalt Hz.180.231.437.Anjou190.209.— H. in E.192;in Neapel190.205.211;in Ungarn217.Anna Boleyn245.— v. Bretagne235.— K. v. E.298.— Ks. v. R.294.Ansbach290.323.340.428.429.432.434.Ansgar154.Antalkidas F.55.Antigonos60.63f.66bis68.Antiochia65.125.130bis132.174.177.Antiochos65.95.97.100.Antipater59.62–64.Anton v. Navarra236.— K. v. Sachsen435.Antoninus Pius Ks.9.130.Antonius C.110.— M.115–120.Antwerpen243.350.Apelles69.Apia426Appius Claudius79.84.86.101.Apulien85.90f.93.161.163.165.173.189.Aquae Sextiae101;S.104.Aquileja94.133.137.142.176;S.138.Aquitanien111f.122.146.155.170.Araber148–150.156.171.215.Arabia röm. Prov.129.Arabi Pascha406.Aragon171.190.194.214f.Aranda303.Aratos68.Arausio S.103.Arbela S.60.Arbogast138.Arcadius Ks.138.149.Archelaos54.105.Archidamos48.66.Archilochos38.Archimedes92.Archonten33–36.39.44.Arcis-sur-Aube S.338.Arcole S.315.Arelat. Kgr.158.164.Areopag33.35.44.Arginusen S.53.Argonauten26.Argos24.26.28.32f.43.50.55.58.69.86.Arianismus136.142f.Arier15–17.24.Arion38.Ariovist111.Aristagoras20.Aristarchos70.Aristides39.41f.43.Aristodemos28.32.76Aristogeiton36.Aristomenes32.Aristophanes47.Aristoteles59.70.172.Arkadien23.28.56.59.140.Arles143.184.200.Armada244.247.Armagnacs205.208.Armenien9.15.65.108.116.119.123.125.127;röm. Prov.129;in der Neuzeit401.415.Armin124f.Arminianer244.Arnold v. Brescia182.Arnulf Ks.157.— Hz. v. Bayern159.Arpaden217.Arras387, F.209.Arsakiden65.Artaphernes39.Artaxata108.127.Artaxerxes I.21.43.— II.21.54.— III.21.Artemision S.40.Artevelde207.Artois229.262.307.Aschaffenburg S.378.Asculum S.86.Asia röm. Prov.101.104f.119.122f.Askalon S.174.Askanier179.184.189.198.204.427f.437f.Asow269.275.295.Aspern S.329.Assignaten308.311.312.Assyrien7–10.12.18.129.Asturien123.149.171.Athaulf141.Athen25f.28.33–59.62f.67.69f.85.99.105.110.119.130.176.219.304.347.Athos38.Atschin410.Attila142.Augsburg123.150.164.167.190.227.233.257.320.324.378;B.264;F.233.260;Rchst.230;S.160.August II. K. v. Polen266.274–276.285.424.— III.279.285.295f.435.Augustinus132.141.145.Augustus Ks.121–125.Aurelianus Ks.134.Austerlitz S.323.Australien244.302.406.409.Austrasien146f.Avaren144.148.153.158.Aversa165.Avesta17.Avignon196.199f.203.207.211.315.339.Azincourt S.209.B.Babenberger157.162.180.196.Babylon7–11.18–20.60.62.64.Baden F.274.— Markgr.190.196.254;Kf.320.323.— Grh.324.345.359.375.378.436.Badeni398.Bagdad150.172.196.Bagdadbahn416.Bajazet218.Bakchiaden33.72.Baktrien17.61.65.149.Balboa223.Balduin174.176.Bamberg160.163.179.257.320.Banér257.Bar, Konföd.296.Barcelona141.152.171.194.413.Barnet S.214.Barneveld244.Bar-sur-Aube S.338.371.Bartholomäusnacht237.Basel151.164.231.234.339;F.314;Konz.204.236.Bastille307.Bataver128.Batav. Rep.314.320.324.Bauernkrieg deutscher228;engl.212;frz.208.Bautzen S.334.Bayard229.235.Bayern Hz.146.152.158.160.162f.165.167.179bis182.184.186.189.252.254.434.— Kf.255.257–259.272bis274.280f.289f.320.434.Bayern Kgr.323f.336.340f.345.356.364.375.378f.382.390.392.428.434f.Baylen Kapit.328.Bayrische Markgr. in Br.178–200.428.Bazaine371.382–384.403.Beaugency S.386.Beauharnais314.321.331.Beaumont S.384.Beaune la Rolande S.386.Behanzin404.Belfort388f.391.Belgien243.290.313.319.340–342;Kgr.350.396.410.Belgrad218.219.278.297;F.279.Belisar144.Belle-Alliance S.342.Benedek376f.Benedikt145.— P.160.203.Benevent S.86.190.— Hz.145.151f.161.163.Berengar157.160.Beresina333.Berg Hz.252.289.324.336.Bergen201, S.287.Berlin200.267.285.288.325.329.332f.335.343.355f.364.376.380.391.424.427.429.430ff.Ko.360.394.396.410.Bern144.199.341.354;Ko.394.411.Bernadotte323.330.332.334.337.363.Bernhard v. Askan.184.— v. Clairvaux174.— v. Weimar257f.Bernstorff292.Bernward168.Besançon111.182.196.264.388.Bethlen Gabor254f.Bilderstreit148.Bill of rights271.Biron294f.Bismarck372.374.381.390.391.393–396.401.410.412.Bithynien15.52.66.96.105.108.131.135.Blücher314.325.333bis338.339.342.Bocchus103.116.Bocholt S.152.Boëmund173f.Böhmen139.156.158.162f.165;Kgr.183.196.197–200.202–206.225;östr.225.251–254.257f.284.286.334f.376.398.Boleslav163.182.Bolivar346.Bologna71.118.189.230.304.315.370.Bonaparte311.315–317;St.322.Bonifacius176.— VIII. P.196.207.Bonifatius141.151.Bordeaux207.309.311.338.355.387.390.Borgia240.Bornhöved S.187.Borodino S.332.Bosnien219.255.398f.401.Bosporus20.31.105.109.Boston248.301.Bosworth S.214.Bothwell247.Bourbaki388f.Bourbon Conn.229f.— H. in Fr.236.278f.305.309f.339;St.349.— in Neapel279.305.324.342.— in Sp.274.303.339.351.413.— Familienpakt300.Bouvines S.186.193.Bovianum S.84.Boyne S.272.Braganza H.245.303.Brandenburg159.162.179.255.356.— Mark180.199.206.427ff.— Kf.200.224.231.252.256.258.260.262f.265bis267.427–436.Brasidas49.Brasilien223.244.303.327.346.417.Braunschweig186.190.200.— Hz.184.188.224.232.260.286.324.336.350.391.395.437.Brazza, Brazzaville403.Breisach258.260.264.Breitenfeld S.256.259.Bremen152.200.233.261.320.333.344.394.— Erzb.156.166.183.187.255;Hz.260.276f.Brennus80.Brescia182.198.210.304.356;S.202.235.Breslau200.333.433.434;F.281;S.287.Bretigny F.208.Brienne311, S.337.Britannicus126.Britannien13.112.126.128f.132.135.142.Brömsebro F.250.259.Brügge201.209.Brun Erzb.160f.Brundisium86.105.109.114.V.119.Brunhild146.Brüssel233.242.350.Brutus Dec.118.— L.73.75f.— M.118f.Buchdr.-Kunst206.221.Buckingham248.Buddhismus16f.22.219.Bu Hamara405.Bulgarien148.172.194.400–403.414f.Bülow Gen.333.334–338.— Kanzler396f.Bundesg.-Kr.57.104.Buren406ff.Bürgerkrieg, amerik.416f.— engl.212.248f.— frz.208f.237.306bis312.354f.392f.— röm.103.105f.114bis117.118–120.127.Bürgerkrieg in der Schweiz205.354.Burgund145.155, Hz.169.206.208.229.— Kgr.158.164f.168.182.184.196.200.290.— Freigrafschaft196.198.206.234.262f.Burgunder139.141–143.Burkersdorf S.289.Byron347.364.Byzanz31.38.42.52.56.136.C.Cabal Min.270.Cabral222.Cadiz13.93.222.247.331.346.Caecilius Met.69.88.98.103.106.Caesar C. Jul.109–117.121.— C. u. L.123.— L.105.Calais208.236.246.344.Calderon245.Caligula Ks.126.Calixtus II. P.168.Calvin230.234.247.Cambrai263, B.235.239;F.230.Camillus80.82.Camoëns223.Campanien70f.83.90.165.Campo Formio F.316.Cannae S.90.Canning346f.Canossa167.Canovas413.Canterbury145.192.246.Canuleius79.Capetinger169.191.Capodistrias347.Capua83.86.90ff.94.114.161.163.Caracalla Ks.132.Caracas346.Carnot314,410.Carrhae S.113.Carus Ks.135.Cassano S.317.Cassius C.118f.— Sp.77f.— Dio131.Cateau-Cambr. F.236.Catilina109f.Cato95f.97.121.— d. jung.110f.116.Catullus121.Catulus88.104.Cavaignac355.Cavour369f.Censoren79.81.96.106f.122.Census63.75.116.123.Centurien74f.Cervantes245.Cetewayo406.Ceuta413.Ceylon16.223.245.314.320.341.408.Chabrias56f.Chaironeia S.59.105.Chalkedon31.52.135f.Chalkidike31.55.57.94.Châlons382f., S.134.142.Chatillon Ko.338.Chersones, taur.31.108.— thrak.36.46.52.58.Childerich150.China21f.194f.219.223.251.353.368.420–422.Chios20.28.33.51.56f.70.296.347.Chlodwig143f.Chowaresmier177.195.Chremonides67.Christentum23.124.131f.136.145.151.156.163.171.173.224.306.312.415.426.Christenverfolgung127.131.133.135.Christian v. Anhalt254.— v. Braunschw.254.— T. K. v. Dn.216.— II. u. III.249f.— IV.250.255.— VI u. VII.292.— VIII.361.— IX.373f.411.Christine K. v. Schw.250.Chulalongkorn420.Cicero109f.113–118.121.Cid171.Cimbern103.Cincinnatus78.80.Cinna105.Cintra Kapit.328.Cirta93.Cisalpin. Rep.316f.319f.Civilis128.Claudius Ks.126.134.— Nero93.123.125.— Pulcher88.Clemens V. P.207.— VII.229f.241.— XIV.304.Clermont112.173.Cleve232.252.263.323.430.Clive300.Clodius111.113.Cluny163.166.Cobden353.Colbert262.265.Cölibat166.Coligny237.Collatinus73.75.Colombey S.383.Colombia346.418.Colonne S.162.Colosseum128.Columbus221f.Comitia cent.76.79.81f.105.117.125.— cur.74.76.— trib.77.79.81f.101.106.Commodus Ks.131.Commune v. Paris310.392.Concini238.Condé237.259.261–263.Constantius Ks.136.Constituante307.Cook302.Corday, Charl.311.Cordova152.171.194.Corfinium104.114.Coriolan78.Corneille239.265.Cornelia98.100.Corpus iuris147.Cortenuova S.188.Cortez223f.Coulmiers S.386.Covenant248.Cranmer246.Crassus107.109.111bis113.121.123.Crécy S.208.Cremera S.78.Cremona89.94.127.187.Crespy F.232.Crispi412.Cromwell248f.269f.Cuba222f.300.418.Culloden S.299.Curius Dentatus85f.Custine313f.Custozza S.356.379.Cypern13.23.28.33.35.42.44f.55.65.111.122.177f.219.401.406.Czaslau S.281.D.Dacien129.134.139.142.Dagobert147.Dahomey404.Dalai Lama409.Damaskus9.12.108.129.149f.173.175.Damenfriede230.Damiette177.Dampfschiffahrt344.424.Dandolo176.Dänemark162.165.170.179f.182.187.201.215f.234.249f.255.268.274.276f.292.327.337.361f.373f.411.Dänen153.158.162.169f.Danewerk153.162.373.Dante198.211.Danton309–312.Danzig201.249.296.326f.333.337.340.Dardanellen401.Dardanos F.105.Dareios I.19.38.— II.21.— III.21.60f.Dauphiné208.Davout323.325.333bis335.337.Decebalus129.Decemvirn78f.Decius Ks.133.— Mus83.85.Deiotarus109.116.117.Dekeleia51.Dekretalen156.228.Delhi219.300.368.410.Delion S.49.Delos36.43.45.Delphi15.31.34.41.57.67.73.Demaratos37.40.Demetrios v. Phal.67.— Poliork.64.67.— in Rußl.251.Demosthenes49.51.— Redner58.62f.70.Denain S.274.Dennewitz S.335.Desiderius151.Dessauer Brücke S.255.Detmold S.152.Dettingen S.281.Deutsch-Brod S.204.Deutsche Flotte361.380.397.433.— Literatur140.144.154.168.186.234.285.291.329.364.Deutscher Bund340.345.351.355.359f.372f.375.— Krieg375–379.— Orden178f.217.320.429.Deutsches Reich155bis168.179–190.195–206.224.234.251–261.263bis267.274.278–285.289–292.313.319–321.324f.358.390–397.423ff.;Verfassung161.189.200.224f.260.266.320.391f.397.Deutsch-frz. Kr.381bis393.Devolutionskr.262.Diadochen63f.Diaz215.371.Dictatur76.90.99.106f.115.Diebitsch333.347.350.Dijon169;S.143.388f.Diocletian Ks.135.Dionysios I. u. II.67.Direktorium in Fr.312.316.318.Dithmarschen216.250.Döffingen S.202.Doge176.210.240.304.Doggerbank S.301.Domesdaybook192.Dominika S.301.Dominikaner178.188.191.227.Domitian Ks.128f.Donaufürstentümer219.296.346f.365–367.399ff.Donauwörth252.Don Carlos242.351.413.Doria240.Dorische Wanderung28.Doryläum S.174.Drake246.Drakon34.Dreibund395.411.Dreißigj. F.45.— Kr.251–261.Dreißig in Athen53f.Drepana S.88.Dresden284f.288.333bis335.359.376;F.284;S.335.Drusus102.104.123–126.Duchatel209.Duilius87.Dumouriez314.Dünkirchen262.270.Düppel S.361.373.Dürer227.Dyle S.157.Dyrrhachium47.99.114;S.115.E.Eberhard v. Franken158f.— v. Württ.196.201f.226.435.Eckmühl S.329.Edda171.Edessa65.132.134.174.Eduard d. Bek.170.Eduard I.-III. K. v. E.207.211f.— IV. u. V.212–214.— VI.246.— VII.409.— d. schw. Pr.208.214.Egbert v. Wessex169.Eger258;F.202.Egmont236.242f.Eidgenossen197–199.224.237.Einhard154.Eisenbahnen344.369.391f.394.397.411f.416f.421.425f.Eknomos S.87.Elagabalus Ks.132.Elam7–10.18.Elba188.210.320.339.Eleonore v. Poitou192.Eleusis46.52.Elisabeth K. v. E.246f.— Ks. v. R.284.288.295.— Charl.264.305.Elsaß142f.156.182.205f.258;an Fr.260.262.264.343;wieder deutsch392.397.438.Elster S.167.Emanuel K. v. Port.245.Emigranten307.313.Emin Pascha407.Emir al Omra172.Engelsburg130.167.230.Enghien259.321.England169f.175.184.192f.201.204.207–209.211–214.245.249.254.256.262.264.269–274.281.284–288.298–303.314–321.323.327f.330f.334.339.341f.346–348.353.361–371.375.396f.399ff.405.406–411.412.414.415.417.419ff.422f.Engl. Lit.212.272.302f.364.Ennius121.Entdeckungen 221–224302.365.Enzio188f.Epameinondas56f.Ephesos15.28.37.66.95.105.131.Ephialtes40.44.Ephoren29.43.68.Epigonen26.Epikur70.Epimenides34.Epirus27.43.66f.85f.95.97.115.120.401.Erasmus226.Eratosthenes27.70.Erbfolgekrieg, bayr.289f.— österr.280f.284.— span.272–274.Eresburg152.159.Eretria20.39.Erfindungen221.343f.Erfurt151.184.196.227.321.325.327.337;Ko.328;Parl.360.Ernestiner227.233.435.Ernst August266.351.395.— v. Schwaben164.Erwin v. Steinbach190.Erzämter147.159.200.Espartero351.Essex142.247.Este H.166.210.239.304.Estland215.217.249.276f.Etrurien71.88.110.Kgr.319.327.Etrusker71.73.76–78.80.84.104.120.Eugen v. Savoyen266.273.278f.— v. Württemberg436.Eukleides54.70.Eumenes63.66.97.Eupatriden26.33.37.Euripides47.Eurymedon S.43.95.Exarchat144.145.Eylau S.326.Ezzelino188.F.Fabier78.Fabius Cunct.90.92.— Rullianus84f.Fabricius86.Faschoda404.Fatimiden172f.Fehrbellin S.263.431.Femgerichte190.205.Ferdinand I. Ks.225.230f.252.— II.253–258.— III.259.— I. Ks. v. Ö.351.356.357.— d. Kathol.214f.239f.241.— IV. K. v. Neapel305.317.— VII. K. v. Sp.327.339.— v. Braunschw.287bis289.— v. Bulgarien415.Ferrara210.239.304.Fiesco240.Fimbria105.Finnland256.276f.294.330.Firdusi172.Flamininus95.Flaminius90.Flandern156.173.193.207–209.229.242.262.Fleurus S.265.314.Fleury305.Florenz198.210f.240.370;Konz.218.Florida300.302.Fontenoy S.155.284.Franken134.139.142.144.— Hz.157.159f.165.183.257f.Frankenhausen S.229.Frankenreich143.145bis147.150–156.Frankfurt a. M.180.186.190.195.224.254.257.281.313.324;Bundestag340.345.351.355.360.372.375.378;Parl.358;Ko.372;F.391.Fränkische Ks.157.164bis168.Franklin300.Frankreich155.159.162f.169.173.177.191.205.207–209.229f.232f.234–239.255f.258bis265.272–274.278–280.284–289.297.301.305bis343.347–349.353bis355.365–371.379bis393.397.402–405.420;Kaiserreich321.355;Rep.310.385–405.Franz I. Ks.284.— II.313.325.334.336.— I. K. v. Fr.229.232.235f.— II.236.— II. K. v. Neapel370.— Joseph Ks. v. Ö.357.369.372.377.398f.— v. Guise233.236f.— Sforza210.Franz. Lit.239.265.305f.363f.Freiberg S.289.Freiburg196.221.263f.Freiheitskrieg, deutscher333–339.— griech.346f.— niederl.242f.— amerik.300–302.Friedland255;S.326.Friedrich I. Ks.175.180–185.II.177.186–189.Friedrich III.205f.— v. Baden190.— Grh. v. Baden436.— v. Meißen196f.204.— v. Nürnb.195.203f.428.— v. Öst.188.190.198.203.— v. d. Pfalz206.254.— v. Staufen167.179.— d. Weise227f.— I. Kf. v. Br.204.428.— II.428.— I. K. v. Pr.267.272bis276.431f.— II. d. Gr.280–290.432.— III.395.434.— I u. II. K. v. Dn.250.— III.268.— IV.274.292.— VII.361f.— VIII.411.— K. v. Schw.277.292.— Aug. K. v. Sachsen326.333.336.435.— Franz Grh. v. Meckl.378.385ff.437.— Karl376.382–387.Friedr. Wilh. d. Gr. Kf.244.259.262f.265bis267f.430f.— — I. K. v. Pr.276.279.431f.— — II.291.313.421.432f.— — III.316.323–328.332–339.342.343.364.433.— — IV.353.355f.359f.364.367.371.433.— — Kronprinz376ff.382ff.434.— — v. Braunschweig330.342.437.Friesland139.151.156.Fronde261.Frundsberg229.Fulda151.154.Fürstenbund291.Fürstenwalde288;V.200.Füßen F.284.G.Gadebusch S.276.335.Gades13.93.114.Gaëta227.370.Galater66.96.109.Galba Ks.127.Galerius Ks.135.Galilei227.240.Galizien296.298.330.340.Gallas258.Gallia cisalpina71.82.89.94,99.118.Gallier80.82.89f.111bis113.123.128.Gambetta385f.388.390.403.Garibaldi370.381.388f.Garigliano153;S.235.Gasnaviden172.195.Gastein V.374.Gelon37.41.50.Genf165.231.247.316.341.417;V.374.Genserich141.Gent209.231.341;V.243.Genua93.175f.198.210.221.240.264.303316.321.341.Georg I. K. v. E.299.— II.281.299.— III.300.— IV.346.— V.410.— V. K. v. Hann.378.— Podiebrad206.— Wilh. v. Br.256.430.— I. v. Gr.415.Gepiden142.145.Geraischer Vergl.429.Gerbert162.Gergovia Bl.112.Germanen13.103f.111f.124f.134f.139–147.Germanicus125.Gero159f.427.Gerson204.Geusen242.Ghibellinen180.188.198.Gibraltar149.273f.;Bl.301.Girondisten309–312.Giselbert158f.Gitschin S376.Gjedser411.Gladstone409.Gneisenau326.334.342.Godoy315.327.Goethe291.Goldene Bulle200.217.Göllheim S.196.Gonsalvo235.Gordianus Ks.133.Gordon269.407.Gorgias50.Görz276f.Goslar158.164.165.168.182.190.321.340.Goten132f.139–144.Gotha233.252.285f.360.Gottesfriede165.167.169.Gottfried v. Anjou192.— v. Bouillon173f.— v. Lothringen165.Göttingen163.285.344.351.Gracchen100.103.Granada194.214f.221.Granikos S.60.Granson S.206.Granvella242.Gratianus Ks.137.Gravelingen S.236.Gravelotte S.384.Gregor I. P.145.— V.162.— VII.166f.— IX.187f.— XIII.241.Griechenland15.20.23.28.31.47.59.66.95.97.99.105f.127.136.148.218;Kgr.346.415.Griech. Kirche156.170.176.218.— Kunst u. Lit.28.37.46.69f.131.147.218.Grochow S.350.Großbeeren S.335.Groß-Görschen S.334.Großjägersdorf S.286.Großmogul219.300.Grotius244.Grumbach252.Guam418.426.Guelfen181.189.198.Guesclin208.Guisen236–238.Guizot353.364.Günther v. Schwarzb.199Gustav Wasa249.— II. Adolf249.256bis258.430.— III.294.— IV.327.— V.411.Gutenberg206.Gyges15.Gylippos50.H.Haag V.276;Ko.402.Habeasc.-Akte271.Habsburg H.195f.205bis207.253.272;St.225.282.357.Hadrian Ks.130.— IV. P.182.— VI.241.Hakon VI. K. v. Norw.215.— VII.411.Haliartos S.55.Halle153.164.233.267.325.365.Hallue S.387.Hamburg154.156.160.184.187.200.259.320.333f.344.394.424.426.Hamilkar88f.Hampden248.Hamurrabi8.Hanau S.336.Hannibal89–94.96.Hannover Kf.266.276.286.291.321–325.331.336;Kgr.341.351.359f.379.375.377–379.Hanse200.215f.246.249.261.Hansestädte200.255.320.331.351.394.438.Harald K. v. E.170.Hardenberg328.343.Harun al R.150.153.Harzburg166.186.Hasdrubal88.91.93.Hase S.152.Hastenbeck S.286.Hastings S.170.Hatto v. Mainz157.Hausmeier, s. Major domus.Haynau356.358.Hedschra148.Heidelberg182.189.202.226.234.265.320.436.Heilbronn180.265.321;B.257.Heilige Allianz343.H. Berg77.— Krieg33.57.H. Liga235f.237.Heinrich I. K. v. D.158.— II. Ks.163.— III.-V.165–168.— VI.185.— VII.197.— I.-III. K. v. E.192f.— IV.-VI.212.— VII.245.— VIII.236.245.— I. K. v. Fr.169.— II.233.236.— III. u. IV.237f.— Hz. v. Bayern159.162.— v. Braunschw.232.— d. Fromme195.— v. Guise237.— Jasomirgott180.— d. Löwe182–185.— v. Plauen217.— Prinz v. Pr.288f.— Raspe188.— d. Seefahrer215.— d. Stolze179.— v. Trastamara214.— d. Zänker160.162.Helena24.27.135f.173.Helgoland327.361.374.396.Heliaia35.44.Heloten29.32.Helvetier103.111.Helvet. Rep.316.319f.Hemmingstedt S.216.Herakleia31.66;S.85.Herakliden25.28.Heraklios Ks.148.Hermandad215.Hermann Balk179.— Billung159.— v. Salm167.— v. Salza178.187.— v. Thüringen186.— v. Wied232f.Herodes124.Herodot4.6.18.39.47.Herrenhausen V.278.Hessen151.157.188.224.229.231.257.260.281.286.301.313.436.— Grh.324.337.355.375.379.391.436.— Kf.320.324.327.336.350.360.375.377.379.436.Hiero50.67.87.91.Hildesheim152.168.321.340.Himera S.41.Hippias36.39.Hippokrates48.Histiaios20.Hochkirch S.287.Höchst S.254.Höchstädt S.273.Hofer329f.Hohenfriedeberg S.284.Hohenlinden S.319.Hohenlohe325f.392.396.Hohenstaufen167f.179bis190;St.181.Hohenzollern195.359.428–434;St.283.Holbein227.Holland189.199.205.209.242f.262.268.270.272.274.301.314;Kgr.324.331.410.Holstein179.184.187.216.224.255.276.341.361.373–375.— Gottorp H.274.277.294.295;St.293.Homer28.Honorius Ks.138.141.Horatius76.79.122.Hubertusb. F.289.Hugenotten237–239.Hugo Capet169.— v. Francien160.169.Humanisten211.226.Humboldt329.365.Hunnen140.142f.Hunyadi218.Hus, Hussiten204f.428.Hutten226.228.Hydaspes S.61.Hyder Ali300.Hypereides63.70.I.Iconium173.174.Idisiaviso S.125.Idstedt S.362.Ilerda Kapit.114.Illyrien33.57.89.94.97.330;röm. Prov.99.111.115.122.132.135.140.Inaros21.44.Independenten249.270.Index241.Indien15–17.61.65.172.219.222.300.353.368.406.410.Ingelheim155.161.168.182.Innocenz II. P.79.— III.176.186.— IV.188.Inquisition186.215.241.Interim233.Interregnum72.74.189.426.Invest.-Streit166–168.Ionier6.20.23.25.31f.37.42.Ionische Inseln240.304.316f.341.Iphikrates55.Ipsos S.64.67.Iran15.17.172.Irene Ks.148.Irland192.247f.270.272.353.409.Isaak Ang. Ks.176.Isabeau K.209.Isabella v. Kast. K.214f.221.241.— K. v. Sp.351.413.Isagoras37.Islam148.195.Island171.Issos S.60.Italien32.62.66.70.84.86.89.94.98.103.119.122.134–138;im M.-Alter140.142–145.152f.155f.160–168.171.179.182–190.198f.210f.;in der Neuzeit235.239f.273f.279.284.303f.315.317.341.345.356.362.369.— Kgr.157.321.370.379.411.Italien, Kunst u. Lit.211.241Iuba115–117.Ivry S.233Iwan III. Ks.216— IV.250— VI.295f.J.Jacquerie208.Jagellonen217.250.Jägerndorf253f.280f.429.Jakob I. K. v. E.247.— II.271.— d. Prät.299f.Jakobäa209.Jakobiner309.312.Jan de Witt262f.Janitscharen218.251.347.Jankau S.259.Japan22.219.223.251.368.410.420–423.Jassy F.297.Jemappes S.314.Jena233.345;S.325.Jérome Bonap.326.336.Jerusalem6.11f.109.130.149.— Kgr.174f.177.Jesaja12.Jesuiten231.251f.303.304.339.393.403.Joachim I. Kf.429.— II.232.281.429.— Friedrich429.Jobst v. Mähren203.428.Johann K. v. Böhmen197f.208.— II. K. v. Fr.208.— Hz. v. Burgund208f.— ohne Land193.— Kasimir K. v. Polen250.267.— Sobieski K.266.268.— XII. P.160.— XXII.198.— XXIII.203.— Erzh.329.358f.— Kf. v. Br.429.— v. Leyden231.— Parricida197.— Albrecht Hz. v. Meckl.395.424.437.— Friedrich Kf.232.252.— Georg Kf.254.256.— — v. Jägerndorf253f.— — Kf. v. Br.429.— Sigismund Kf.252,430.— v. Werth258f.— Zapolya230.Johanna Grey246.— K. v. Sp.225.241.Johanniter178.219.230.242.316.320.Joseph I. Ks.272.— II.289f.— K. v. Sp.324.327.Jourdan314f.317.Juan d’Austria212.243.Juanschikai422.Juarez371.Juden11f.19.65.130.215.Jugurtha103.Julia110.123f.Julianus Ks.137.Jülich252.290.430.Juli-Rev.348.Julius II. P.240.Jungfrau v. Orl.209.Justinian Ks.144.147.K.Kabira S.108.Kairo149.172.177.316.Kaiserslautern182;S.314.Kalabrien121.145.162.343.Kalender74.116.241.311.Kalifat148f.171f.195.Kalifornien223.302.Kalisch298;B.333.Kalixtiner205.Kalmar. Union216.Kanada238.300.Kandia176.210.219.240.304.Kant291.Kapitol72.80.131.Kapland215.244.314.331.339.406.407.Karl d. Dicke Ks.156.169.— d. Einf. K.169.— d. Große Ks.151–154.— d. Kahle Ks.156f.169.— Martel147.150.— IV. Ks.,199–203.428.— V.228–234.— VI.272–274.278.280.— VII.281.434.— I. K. v. E.247f.— II.270.— V. u. VI. K. v. Fr.208.— VII.209.— VIII.209.235.— IX.236.— X,348.— IX. K. v. Schw.249.— X. u. XI.267f.— XII.274f.— XIII.330.— XIV. u. XV.363.— I. K. v. Sp.241.— II.272.— III.303.— IV.315.327.— Albert K. v. Sard.356.362.— v. Anjou190.196.— Aug. v. Weimar291.325.437.— d. Böse208.— v. Bourbon229f.— Eduard299f.— Erzh.315.317.323.329.— d. Kühne206.209.— v. Lothr.266.284.286.— v. Rumänien399.414.— Theodor v. d. Pfalz289f.— Wilh. Ferd. v. Br.313.325.437.Karlowitz F.266.304.Karlsbad Ko.345.Kärnten103.123.157.Hz.162.166.196;östr.198.225.253.Karolinger150–158.169;St.155.Karthago14f.19.41.67.82.87–89.91.93f.98.102.117.141.149.Kasimir K. v. Polen216.Kassander64f.67.Kastilien171.194.215f.221.273.Katalaun. F., S.142.Katharina v. Aragon245.— v. Medici236f.Katharina I. Ks. v. R.274.294.— II.,295f.Katzbach S.335.Kaukasus108.297.348.369.Kaunitz285.Keilschrift7.19.Kelantan409.Kelten15.71.111.113.Kepler227.252.Kerkyra31.43.47f.56.Kesselsdorf S.284.Kiel292.371.377.394;F.337.341.Kiew170.195.216.Kimon39.43–45.Kinderkreuzzug176.Kirchenstaat145.150.151.186.211.240.304.315.320.330.341.362f.370.381.411.Kleisthenes33.36f.Kleomenes37–39.68.Kleon48f.Kleopatra116.119f.Klissow S.275.Klopstock285.Klöster145.150.151.154.163.245.290.309.321.400.Knidos28;S.55.Knox247.Knud d. Gr.165.170.Koalitionskr.313.317.323.Koblenz199.307.313.337.372.Koburg H.350.401.414.415;St.352.437.— Prinz314.Kodros28.33.Kolberg Bl.288.326.Kolin S.286.Köln,124f.150.152.161.179.190.200.201.230.314;Rchst.224.Erzb.153.160f.166.183.184.189f.351;Kf.200.206.232.252.272.274.320.Kolonien, griech.13.27f.31.46.62.— röm.82–87.89.92ff.102.117.— span.222–224.300.301f.346.413.— holl.244.314.320.331.339.— engl.246.270.274.300ff.339.353.368.406–410.— frz.238.262.300.331.348.354.369.403–405.— portug.222f.346.— deutsche395ff.423ff.— belg.410.— ital.412.Komnenen H.172.194.Kong-fu-tse (Confucius)22.Kongostaat395.410.Königgrätz S.377.Königsberg179.217.267.325f.332f.431;V.267.327.Königsgesetz268.Königsmark260.304.Konkordat, frz.236.319.331.— östr.398.— Wiener205.— Wormser168.Konkordienformel252.Konon52f.55.Konrad I. K. v. D.157f.— II. Ks.164f.— III.174f.180.Konrad IV.189.— v. Hochstaden190.— v. Marburg188.— v. Masovien178.— d. Rote159f.— v. Staufen168.179.— v. Wettin180.Konradin190.Konstantin d. Gr.136f.145.Konstantinopel42.136.144.147–149.156.173.176.218.296.347.365.400.Konstanz150.164, F.184;Konz.203f.Konstanze185.Konsulat75.78f.81.99.122;in Fr.318.Kontinentalsperre326.331.Konvent310–312.Kopenhagen201.268.275.285.327.361.411.Kopernikus227.Koran149.Korea251.420.422ff.Korfu176.210.220, s. Ion. Inseln.Korinth26.28.31f.44.47f.55.59.68f.72.98.117.Körner335.364.Koroneia S.45.55.Korsika14.32.88.210.303.311.Kosciuszko298.Kossuth357f.Krakau216.267.298.341.354.Krannon S.63.Krateros60.62f.Krefeld S.287.Kreta13.23.25.28.30.107.122.415, vgl. Kandia.Kreuzzüge173–179.Krim31.105.108.296.Krimkrieg366f.Krimisos S.67.Kritias54.Kroisos15f.Kroton32.37.94.162.Kulm S.335.Kunaxa S.21.54.Kunersdorf S.288.Kurfürsten196.200.224.254.256.260.266.320.Kurland217.249.256.268.295f.298.Kutschuck Kain. F.296.Kutusow323–332.Kylon33f.Kyme31.76.Kynoskephalä S.56.95.Kypselos32.Kyrene6.14.19.31.65.107.122.143.Kyros11.13.15f.18f.— d. jüng.21.52.54.Kythera13.49.Kyzikos31, S.52.L.Labiau V.267.Labienus112.116.Lade S.20.Ladislaus206.218.Laelius93.Lafayette301.307.313.Lagos S.300.La Hougue S.265.Laibach Ko.345.Lamartine354.364.Lamischer Kr.63.Lancaster H.212–214.Landau274.340.343.Landfriede165.167.188.196.200.206.224.Landshut S.288.Langensalza S.378.Langobarden124.139.144f.151.Laon S.338.La Rochelle193.237.239.248.La Rothière S.337.Lat. Kaisert.176.194.Latiner70f.77.83.87.92.102.104.Land248.Laudon288.297.Lauenburg184.189.200.204.224.341.373f.431.Lausitz158.161.163f.199.202.224.254.258.286f.334.376.427.La Valette242.Law305.Lechfeld S.160.Leicester193.244.Leipzig203.228.285.394;S.256.259.336.Le Mans S.310.387.Lenzen S.158.Leo I. P.142.— III.153.— IV.156.— VIII.160.— X.241.— XIII.393.Leoben F.315.Leon Kgr.171.194.Leonidas40.Leopold I. Ks.263.265.— II.291.313.— L K. d. Belgier350.— II.410.Leopold v. Dessau273.280.284.432.438.— v. Öst.176.198.202.Lepanto S.240.242.Lepidus115.118f.Lesbos20.28.33.38.42.48.115.Lessing285.291.Leuktra S.56.Leuthen S.287.Lexington S.301.Leyden231.244.Licinische Ges.81.100.Licinius Ks.136.Lidj Jeassu412.Liegnitz Hz.195.281.429;S.288.Liga235.252.254.Ligue209.237.Ligurer70.93f.Ligurische Rep.316.321.Limes129.134f.Lisaine S.388.Lissa S.379.Lissabon194.215.303.Litauen217.275.298.Livius82.122f.— Drusus102.104.Livland217.249.268.274.276f.402.Lobositz S.286.Lokrer27.32.40.44.48.59.66f.Lollharden212.Lombardei151.188.315f.356f.369.Lombard. Städte182f.188.199.London200.212.246.248.270.300.321.339.363;Ko.347.350.373.380;V.362.Lothar Ks.155f.— v. Sachsen168.179.Lothringen Hz.157bis162.165.168.173.205f.224.233;an Frankreich239;wieder deutsch260.262–265;an Frankreich279.343;wieder deutsch391.438.— H.284, St.282.Louis Bonap.324.331.— Nap.322.353–355.Louisiana262.300.302.Löwen S.157.Lübeck184.187.190.200f.249f.320.325.337, F.255.— Bistum255.292.321.Lucaner70.83f.92.Lucian131.Lucian Bonap.318.322.Lucka S.197.Lucretia73.Lucullus108.Ludov. Moro235.Ludwig d. Bayer198f.428.— d. Deutsche156.— d. Fromme154f.— d. Kind157.— I. K. v. Bayern347.356.364.435.— II.390.435.— III. K. v. Fr.169.— IV. u. V.169.— VI.191.— VII.174f.191.— VIII.191.— IX.177.191.— X.207.— XI.209.— XII.235.— XIII.238f.— XIV.261–265.272bis274.— XV.279.305.— XVI305–310.— (XVII.)310.312.— XVIII.339.— d. Gr. K. v. Ung.217.— v. Baden265.— Philipp K. v. Fr.314.348.353f.Lügenfeld S.154.Luise K. v. Pr.326.329.— v. Savoyen230.Lunéville F.319.Lusignan174f.219.Luther227–230.232;Lutter a. B., S.255.Lützen S.257.334.Lützower334f.Luxemburg197.202.205.264f.290;Grh.340.380.410.— Marschall265.Luynes238.Lydien15f.24.33.Lykurgos29.Lyon123.198.311.389;Konz.188.Lysander52.54.Lysimachos63–66.M.Macbeth170.Macchiavelli241.Macdonald332.335.Mack317.323.Mac-Mahon369.382bis384.392.403.Madagaskar404.Madrid273.328.337.413;F.229.Maecenas122.Magalhães223.Magdeburg153.161f.183.190.255f.258f.325.337.427.429f.Magenta S.369.Mag. equitum76.80.90.115.Magna Charta193.Magnesia43;S.95.Magyaren157f.357.398.Mahdi407.Mähren139.156f.196.202.224.259.281.287.323.376.398.Maifeld147.151.342.Mailand89.134f.137.183–185.198.315.356.369.— Hz.203.210.225.229.231f.234f.239.274.303.340.Mainz124.129.163f.167f.184.190.257.265.337.340.378;Bl.314;Rchst.188.— Erzb.151.160.190.196.206.227;Kf.200.206.224.320.Majestätsbrief253.Majordomus147.150.Makedonien20.38.49.53.56–59.63f.66–68.91;röm. Prov.98.110.118.122.123.135;in der Neuzeit415.Makedon. Kr.91.94f.96f.— Ks.172.Makkabäer65.109.Malakka223.409.Malmö201;W.361.Malplaquet S.273.Malta178.242.Mamelucken177.195.Mamertiner87.Mandschudynastie251.422.Manfred189f.Manlius Cap.80.— Torquatus82f.Mansfeld253–255.Manteuffel Min.360.— Gen.375.378.386–389.392Mantineia S.50.57.Mantua239.272f.279.330.369;Bl.315.Manuel K. v. Port.414.Marathon S.39.Marbod124f.Marburg188.230.M. Aurelius Ks.130f.Marcellus91f.Marchfeld S.196.Marco Polo195.221.Mardonios38.41f.Marengo S.319.Margarete v. Anjou212.214.— v. Dn.215f.— Maultasch198.— v. Navarra231.— v. Parma242.— v. Valois237.Maria v. Burgund206.225.— d. Kathol.245f.— v. Medici238.— Stuart235.246f.— v. Ungarn225.— Theresia v. Öst.278bis282.284f.289f.— — v. Sp.262.265.Marie Ant.305.311.— Louise v. Ö.331.338.Marienburg179.217.Marignano S.235.Marius103–105.Markomannen131.146.Marlborough273.298.Marokko245.405.409.413f.Marschall v. Sachsen284.Marsischer Kr.104.Mars-la-Tour S.383.Martin V. P.204.Masaniello241.Masséna317.329.Massilia32.66.89.101.114.Massinissa92f.97.Mathilde v. Tuse.167.179.Mathild. Güter168.179.186.Matthias Ks.253.— Corvinus206.218.Maupertuis S.208.Mauretanien103.116.126.171.Mausoleum69.Maxen Kapit.288.Maxentius Ks.136.Maximilian I. Ks.206.224f.228.239.— II.252.— Hz. v. Bayern252.254.257.— K. v. Bayern324.435.— Ks. v. Mexiko371.Max Joseph Kf. v. Bayern284.289.Mayenne238.Mazarin261f.Mazeppa275.Mecklenburg180.183.187.224.231.255.260.276.333;Grh.351.378.391.436f.Meder9f.15.17–20.Medici211.240f.279.Megakles34.36.Megalopolis56.68.Megara28.31.33.44.48.68.Mehemed Ali347.353.Meißen158.161.179.188f.196f.255.435.Mélac265.Melanchthon227.230.232.Melilla405.413f.Menelik412.Menorka274.301.Menschikow269.276.294.365f.Merowinger143.145bis147.Merseburg158.161.180.255.Mersen V.156.Missolunghi347.Mesopotamien6.60.113;röm. Prov.129–132.135.Messalina126.Messana31.87.99.Messenien28.56.58.69.Messen. Kr.32.43.Messina363.412.Metaurus S.93.Metternich329.334.340.345.355.Metz145.167.175.200;an Frankreich233.236.260.264.380f.384;wieder deutsch386.391.438.Mexiko223.302.346.370f.418.Michelangelo241.Milan399.414.Milet15.20.28.31.38.42.51.60.Milo85.113.Miltiades36.39.Ming-Dynastie219.Minden152.255.260.430;S.287.Mirabeau307.309.Mithradates105.108f.Möckern S.333.336.Modena118.210.239.271.315.341.370.Mohacz S.230.266.Mohammed148f.416.Moldau219.275.296.346.367.Mollwitz S.281.Moltke373.376.382.384.Mönchsorden145.178.411.Mongolen22.140.148.194f.216.Monk270.Monmouth271.Monroe346.371.Montecuccoli263.266.Montenegro399f.414.Montereau209;S.338.Montesquieu305.Montmartre S.338.Montmirail S.337.Montmorency239.Morea176.219.304.347.Moreau315.319.321.Morenga425.Morgarten S.198.Moritz v. Or.244.— v. Sachsen232f.435.Morosini304.Mösien123.134.140.Moskau195.216.251.269.275.294.332.Mucius Scaevola76.Mühlberg S.232.Mühldorf S.198.Muley Hafid405.Mummius98.München190.257.284.319.356.364.434f.Münchengrätz S.376.Munda S.117.Municipien86.116.Münnich294f.Münster152.231.262.321.434;F.260.Münzwes., griech.32.34.64.— röm.74.Murat323f.327.341.343.Murten S.206.Mutina89.94;S.118.Mutsuhito368.Mykale S.42.Mykenä23–25.27.Mylae S.87.Mytilene28.33.48f.52.109.N.Nabis69.95.Nabukudrossor8.10.13.Nachod S.376.Naevius121.Näfels S.202.Nantes, Edikt238.264.Napoleon I.311f.315f.318–343.— III.353.355.365–371.377.380–384.403.Narses144f.Narvaez351.363.Narwa S.275.Nassau196.242.324.378f.410.Naukrarien35.39.Naukratis6.31.Naupaktos28.44.48.Navarin S.347.Navarra171.207.211.229.231.236–238.Navig.-Akte270.Neapel31.83.145.185.189.— Kgr.185.187.211.225.235.241.273f.279.305.315.317.324.327.341.343.345.363.370.Necker307.309.Neerwinden S.265.314.Nelson317.323.Nero Ks.126f.Nerva Ks.129.Neuchâtel274.323f.340f.367.432f.Neupers. Reich133.135.137.144.149.Neustrien146f.155.Newton272.New-York270.301.344.Nicäa137.174.176.218;Konz.136.Niederlande206.225.251.— span.242–244.262.265.— österr.225.274.284.290.— Rep.242–244.260.263.314.— Kgr.340.349.363.410.Niger302.404.407.Nika in Konst.147.Nikias48.50.Nikita399.414.Nikolaus I. P.156.— II.166.— V.211.— I. Ks. v. R.347.357.360.365f.— II.402.Nikolsburg W.377.Nikomedes66.Nikomedia66.135f.Nikopoli S.218.Nimwegen154.164;F.263.Ninive8–10;S.60.Nisib S.353.Nizza313.315.370;W.231.Nobilität81.96.99.Nogi423.Noisseville S.384.Nola105.125;S.91.Nordamer. Kr.300bis302.331.416f.Norddeutscher Bund325.380.382.390.Nordische Konv.319f.Nord. Krieg274–277.Nördlingen S.258.Nordmark161.180.427.Normannen153.156f.170f.173.192.Norm. K. in E.192.Norwegen170.215f.234.250.276.332.337.341.364.411.Notion S.52.Novara S.235.356.Novi S.318.Nowgorod170.201.216.Numantia100.Numidien91–93.98.103.116.Nürnberg182.190.201.206.226.234.257.289.320.324.378;F.230;Rchst.196.— Burggrafen196.203.224.428.Nystadt F.277.O.Octavian118–125.Odessa297.346.Odo v. Paris169.Odovakar138.143.Ofen232.266.357.Oinophyta S.44.Oldenburg216, Hz.268.292.321.331.336, Grh.351.361.437.Oliva F.268.431.Olmütz287.313.377;V.360.Olympia30.43.46.69.138.Olympias64.66.Olynth31.55.57f.Omar149.Omaijaden149f.Onomarchos57.Optimaten81.90.101f.105f.110.114.Orchomenos23.26, S.105.Orléans112.142.145;S.386.— Hz.208f.239.264.305.310.314.348, St.349.Orlow295–297.Osmanen218, s. Türken.Osnabrück152.200.321;F.260.Ostende Bl.244.Österreich Hz.162.180.182.196.198.202.225.— Kaisert.272.278–281.284–291.295–298.313bis320.323–325.329bis332.334–343.345.351.354–358.360.362f.365f.369–379.395bis399.401f.413–415.420.Ostfriesland281.284.340.432.Ostgoten140–144.Ostindien222.300.368.Ostind. Komp.244.246.300.368.Ostmark161.165.427.Ostrach S.317.Ostrakismos37.39.43f.50.Ostrolenka S.350.Oström. Reich138.140.144.147f.153.172f.176.194.218.Ostseeprov.217.234.251.256.276f.294.401.Otho Ks.127.Otto I. Ks.159–161.— II.162.— III.162f.— IV.186.— K. v. Griechenland347.— v. Bamberg179.— v. Nordheim166.— v. Wittelsbach182.184.— — Pfalzgr.186.Ottokar196.Oudenarde S.273.Ovidius122.Oxenstierna257.Oxford212.248.303.P.Paläologen176.194.Palästina5.11.13.19.65.109.128.173–175.177.Palermo185.190.317.324.370.Palmerston350.353.366.Palmyra134.Panamakanal418.Pannonien124.135.139.142–144.Panormus41, S.88.Pantheon123.Paoli304.Papirius Garbo101.103.— Cursor84.Papsttum145.156.158.160.166.173.177.186.196.207.211.227f.231.236.245.315.330f.339.362f.370f.411f.Paris112.145.150.157.162.169.192.199.203.208.236–238.261.306bis312.319.321.324.348.353f.385;F.300.339.343.367.418;S.338;Bl.157.389f.392f.Parlament in E.193.211f.247f.348.353.409f.— deutsches358f.— in Fr.238.261f.305.308.Parma189.239.279.284.304.319.339.341.370.Parmenion60f.Parthenier32.Parthenon46.304.Parth. Rep.317.Parther17.65.113f.117.119.123.130.132f.Paschalis II. P.168.Paskjewitsch347.350.366.Passarowitz F.278.Passau124, V.233.Patkul274f.Patrizier74.76–79.81.109.Paul IV. P.241.— Ks. v. R.317.319.Paulus131.Pausanias42f.53.59.131.Pavia145.151.160.183.S.229.Pedro K. v. Aragon190.214.— Ks. v. Bras.346.417.Peisistratos35f.Peking195.368.420f.Pelopidas56.Peloponnes25.28.32f.40.59.69.140.304.Pelop. Kr.44.47–53.Pelusium S.6.Perdikkas54.60.63.Pergamon66.69.94bis97.101.Periander32.38.Perikles44–48.Periöken29.40.Perserkr.38–46.Perseus24.66.96f.Persien17–21.33.51bis55.60–62.133bis135.137.144.172.218f.278.348.402f.409.419.Peru223.346.417.Pest357.398.Peter v. Amiens173.— d. Gr.269.271–278.294.— II.294.— III.288.295.— K. v. Ung.165.— v. Vinea189.Petersburg275.292.295.400.Pet. of rights247.Petrarca211.Petreius110.111.Pfalzen in D.154.161.165.182.Pfalz Kf.182.186.189.200.206.224.234.252.254f.260.264f.289.320.434ff.Pfalz-Zweibrücken H.250.267.290.Pfälzischer Kr.253.264.Pharnabazos52.Pharnaces109.116.Pharsalus S.115.Pheidon32.Phidias46.Philipp II. v. Mak.57bis59.— V.66.68.91.94–96.— v. Schwaben186.— I. K. v. Fr.169.191.— II.175.191.— III.–VI.207.— II. K. v. Sp.235.242bis244.— III. u. IV.244.— v.272–274.— Hz. v. Burg.205.208f.— v. Hessen229.231bis233.436.— v. Orl.305.308.310.— v. Öst.225.241.Philippi S.119.Philippinen223.242.300,418.Phil. Arabs Ks.133.Philokrates F.58.Philopoimen69.Philotas61.Phöbidas55.Phokäa14.28.32.Phokier31.44.48.Phokion63.67.Phöniker13f.19.21.45.60.Phrygien15.54.60.63.65f.Phylen26.36.Piasten216.Piccolomini205.258.Pillnitz B.313.Pindar38.59.Pippin147.150.153bis155.211.Pirna Kapit.285.Pisa171f.198.210.Konz.203.Pitt299f.— d. j.300.320f.Pittakos38.Pius II. P.205.— VI.290.316.— VII.319.321.330f.339.— IX.362.393.— X.412.Pizarro223.Placidia138.141.Plantagenet H.192f.211f.Platää39f.48, S.42.Platon54.67.69;Plautus121.Plebejer74.76–82.111.Plewna Bl.400.Plinius128.131.Plutarch131.Poitiers S.150.Polen156.163f.182.195.350.369.397, Kgr.216f.249f.267–269.274bis277.294–298.332.311.402.429ff.Pollentia S.140.Polybios70.82.97.Polykrates6.36.Pombal303.Pommern179f.224.231.255.259f.264.276f.286.327.340.428–433.Pompadour285.305.Pompeji106.128.Pompejus Cn.106–108.110.113–115.— S.116.119.Poniatowski296.298.336.Pontifices72.81.120.Pontus Kgr.66.105;röm.Prov.108.116.Porsenna76.Portugal194.215.222.245.273.303.327.331.346.363.414.Posen298.226.340.395.432.434.Poteidaia33.48.57.Potemkin297.Prag158.162.199.203bis205.252f.284.334.377.398;F.258.379.430;Ko.334.356, S.254.286.Pragm. Sanktion278.281.284.Prätoren81.98.107.Prätorianer122.126.132.137.Praxiteles69.Presbyterianer246.249.Preßburg266.281.377;F.206.323.Preußen162.178.217.225.Hz.229.267.429f.— Kgr.267.276f.279bis281.284–291.296–299.313f.317.321.323–343.351.353.355f.359–367.371–397.429–434.Probus Ks.134.Proskriptionen106.118.Protestanten230.233.236.246.251.264.Provence143.156.191.196.209.307.Pruth F.275.Prytanen36.52.Psametik6.33.Ptolemäer64.115f.Ptolemaios9.131.Pultawa S.275.Pultusk S.275.326.Pulververschw.247.Panische Kr.87–94.97f.Puritaner246f.Pydna57, S.97.Pylos25.27.49.Pyramiden4, S.316.Pyrenäen89.92, F.262.Pyrrhos85f.Pythagoras38.Q.Quästoren75.80f.106.Quatre-Bras S.342.Quebec238, S.300.Quedlinburg158.285.321.432.Quibéron S.300.Quintilian131.R.Raab152f., S.329.Radagais140.Radetzki356.Raffael240.Raimund v. T.173.191.Rainald v. Dassel182f.Ramillies S.273.Rastatt340.359, F.274;Ko.316f.Raucoux S.284.Ravenna114.125.141.143–145.151.163, S.235.Recknitz S.160.Reformation227–234.246.249f.429.436.Ref. Kirche234.237f.260.430.433.Regensburg124.151f.154.174f.190.201.257.320.329.435;W.204;Rchst.232.266.320.Regillus S.77.Regulus87.Reichenbach V.291,334.Reichsdep. H.320.Reichsgericht394.Reichskammergericht224.266.289.Reichsstädte190.201f.224.266.320.Reims143.154.169.209,384.387.Rembrandt245.Renaissance211.René v. Anjou205.209.Rense202, V.199.Requesens243.Restitutionsedikt255.Reuchlin226.Reunionen264.Reutlingen S.202.Revol., engl.248f.269f.— frz.306–313.348.354;Rheinischer B.189.201f;Rheinbund266.324.333.337Rhodus13.23.28.56f.64.66.96f.109.124.178.219.230.Richard v. Cornw.189.— Löwenherz175f.193.— II.212.— III.214.Richelieu238f.256.258.Richmond S.416f.Ricimer138.Ried V.336.Rienzi211.Rifkabylen405.413.Riga217.275.332.Ritter, athen.34, röm.74.84.102.104.Ritterorden178.194.215.217.320.429.Rittertum177.182.186.191.221.228.Robert Guisc.168.— v. d. Norm.169.173.Robespierre309–312.Rocroy S.261.Roeskild F.268.Roger171.179.Roland152.Rom70–86.90f.94.96.100–103.105f.110.115.117f.120–124.127bis130.132.134–136;im Mittelalter141.144f.150.153.155.160–164.167.179.182f.185.188.198f.205.211;in derNeuzeit227.229.240f.316.331.339.363.370.381.411.Romanow H.251.269.Römische K.71–74.— Ks.121–138.Röm. Gerichtswesen74f.107.117.— Heerwesen74.82.122.124.132.— Lit.121.122.131.— Prov.88.94.99.102.108.122.126.135.136.— Recht78f.130.147.225.— Rep.75.81.100.106.118.125.316f.363.Rosen, Kr. der212.Roßbach S.287.Rousseau306.Rubens245.Rudolf v. Burg.157.164f.— v. Hahsb.195f.— II. Ks.252f.— v. Schwaben166.167.Rügen215.263.276f.327.340.374.382.Rumänien129.139.367.399–401.414.Ruprecht v. d. Pfalz202.Rurik H.170.216.250.Rußland170.195.216.250f.269.274–278.292.294–298.317–320.323bis325.331–343.347f.350f.357.361.365bis367.375.399–403.414bis416.419–423.Ryswijk F.265.274.S.Saarbrücken383.Sabiner71f.77.85.Sachsen139.142.150bis153.— Hz.158–161.165bis168.180f.182–184.187.189.227.231.435.437.— Kf.200.204.224.227f.232.250f.254–258.266.275.284–289.291.325.435.— Kgr.326.333f.336.340.350.360.376.379.391.435.Sachsenspiegel189.Sächsische Ks.158–163.— K. in E.169f.Sagunt Bl.89.Saladin175.Salamis34, S.41.45.Salische Franken139.143.— Ks.164–168.Salisches Gesetz146.207.Salzburg151.153.320.324.340.432.Samarkand172.218.369.401.Samniten70.82–86.91.106.Samoa-Inseln397.407.418.426.Samos20.28.33.36f.51.Sancho d. Gr.171.S.Germano F.187.St. Gotthard S.266.St. Jakob S.205.S.Stefano F.400.S.Vincent S.301.St. Germain F.263.St. Privat S.384.St. Quentin S.236.387.Sansibar407.425.Saragossa194.214, Bl.152.328.Saratoga Kapit.301.Sardes15.20.38.40.52.Sardinien14.88.122.210.274.— Kgr.277.313.315.317.339.345.356.362.366.369.Sasbach S.263.Sassaniden17.133.147.Saturninus104.Savonarola240.Savoyen210.240.253.272.274.278.313.339.343.370.Scharnhorst326.329.334.Schießpulver221.Schill326.330.Schiller291.Schipka-Paß400.Schlesien182.199.202.224.255.257.280.284bis289.325.334.376.432.Schlesische Kr.280.284.285.Schleswig158.165.255.276f.292,373.— -Holstein217.250.268.360f.372–374.379.433Schmalkald. B.230.— Kr.232.Scholastik178.Schönbrunn324, V.323.Schonen201.215.268.Schottland142.170.212f.245.247–249.270.299f.Schwaben Hz.158–160.164f.167.180.183.186.189.196.435.Schwab. Bund206.226.231.Schwarzenberg, brdb.Min.430.Schwarzenberg, östr. Gen.332.334.337–338.— östr. Min.360.Schwarzer Tod199.Schweden154.170.215.234.249f.256–261.263.267f.274–277.286.323.327.332.334.337.341.363.411.431.Schweiz142.195.197.199.202.205.225.227.260.316f.320.341.354.367.388.411.Schwerin, Gen.281.286.Schwiebus281.431.Scipio84.89–91, St.97.— Afr.90.92–94.96f.121.— Aemil.98.100f.Sebastian K. v. Port.245.Secessio pl.77.79.Sedan S.384.Seeneutralität297.319.Seeräuber Kr.107f.Seisachtheia34.Seldschuken173.174.Seleukiden65.Sellasia S.68.Sempach S.202.Sena Gallica85. S.93.Senat72.76.81.86f.91.96f.101–107.110f.113f.117f.122.125.130.135.— frz.318.321.338.355.403.Seneca127.131.Seneffe S.263.Sentinum S.85.Septim. Sev. Ks.132.Serbien148.172.218.347.399–401.414.Sertorius107.Serv. Tullius72f.Sebastopol Bl.366f.Seydlitz287f.Sforza H.210.229.235.Shakespeare246.Siam368.404.409.420.Sibirien250.295f.402.Sicilien13f.31.41.50.67f.87;röm. Prov.88.92.98.115.119.122;im Mittelalter144.156.175;in der Neuzeit305.324.363.370.— Kgr.171.186.190.211.274.279.342.Sickingen228.Siebenbürgen129.217.230.250.254.266.357.Siebenj. Kr.285–289.Sieben Weise38.Sievershausen S.233.Sigismund Ks.203f.217f.428.— K. v. Polen250f.Silvester II. P.163.Simon v. Montfort191.193.Simonie166.Sirmium129.135f.Sixtus V. P.241.Sklavenkr.100.107.Skopas69.Skythen10.15.18.20.61.Slaven15.139.142.152.156.170.Sluys S.207.Soissons145.150.154.232.385, S.143.Sokrates47.53.54.Solferino S.369.Soliman219.230–232.251.Solon34f.Soor S.284.370.Sophisten47.50.Sophokles47.Sophoniba93.Sorbonne192.Sozialdemokr.393.Spanien13.32.88.91bis93;röm. Prov.94.98f.106.110.113.114.117.122f.127.129.134.135;im Mittelalter141f.144.150.152.171.194.— Kgr.214.221.225.234.241–245.254.261f.270.278.299.303.314.315.327f.331.337.341.346.351.363.413f.Span. Erbf.-Kr.272–274.Sparta24.27–33.37bis45.47–50.68.95.Spartacus107.Speier165.168.190.196.201.224.382, Rchst.229f.Spichern S.383.Spinoza244.Städtebünde, griech.28.33.43.45.— deutsche200–202.Stadtlohn S.254.Stanislaus Lesc.275f.279f.— Poniat.296.297.Stanley407.Stedinger188.Steiermark123.184.196.225.253.Stein328.337.364.Sten Sture216.Stephan II. P.150.— Bathory250.Stephan v. Blois192.— d. Heilige163.217.Stettin256.260.264.276f.325.327.337.396.431f.Stilicho138.140f.Stockholm202.215.249.294, F.277.Stössel423.Stoiker70.131.Strafford248.Stralsund190.264.327.330.431, Bl.255.276;F.201.Straßburg150.155.190,201.231f.252.260;an Frankr.264.343.353;wied. deutsch385.438.Strelitzen269.Struensee292.Stuart H.212.245.246f.270.299.Südamer. Rep.346.417.Sueben111.124.138f.141.145.Suez-Kanal406.409.Suger191.Sulla103–107.Sully238.Sulpicius105.Sundzoll250.277.368.Susa7f.10.19f.45.56.60.Sutri165.Suworow297.317f.Syagrius143.Sybaris32.37.46.Sybota S.47.Sykophanten54.Syphax91.93.Syrakus31.37.50.67f.86f.92.120.Syrien5.8–10.65.95.97;röm. Prov.108.113.118f.122f.125.129.132f.;im Mittelalter149.172.219;in der Neuzeit317.353.Syrischer Kr.95.Szigeth250.T.Taboriten205.Tacitus128.131f., Ks.134.Tagliacozzo S.190.Talavera S.328.Talbot209.Talleyrand318.338.340.Tanagra S.44.Tankred165.173.— v. Lecce185.Tannenberg S.217.Tarent31.66.85f.92.Targowitz298.Tarquinius72f.75f.Tassilo152.Tasso241.Tauroggen V.333.Telegraph344.Teil197.Tempelherren178.207.Terentius121.— Varro90.114.121.Teschen281, F.290.Testakte270f.348.Testri S.147.Teutob. Wald S.124.Teutonen103f.Thales15.38.Thapsus S.116.Theagenes33.Theben3–5.25.26.38.40.42.48.53–59.67.Themistokles39–43.Theoderich d. Gr.143.Theodosius Ks.137.140.Theophano162f.Theramenes51.53.Thermopylä58, S.40.67.95.Theron37.41.Theseus25f.Thessalien27.31.40.48.55.56.68f.95.115.401.Thessalonike64.98.115.137.Thiers353.364.385f.390.Thomas v. Aquino178.— Becket192.Thomasius267.Thorn200.227, F.217.Thrakien20.38.45.49.52.55.57.63.95;röm. Prov.126.140.Thrasybulos52.54.Thukydides46f.49.Thurii46.66.85.Thüringen139.145.151.158.188.233.257.286.321.325.435.436.438.Thurn253.Tiberius Ks.123–126.Tibet409.Ticinus S.90.Tigranes65.108.123.Tilly254–257.Tilsit F.326.Timoleon67.Timur218f.Tirol196.198.200.225.273.315.329.340.Tissaphernes51.54.Titus Ks.128f.Tizian241.Togo408.423.426.Tököly266.Tolentino F.315.Tolosa141. S.194.Tonking404.Torgau337, S.232.288.Tories271.299.Torstenson259.Toskana (Tuscien)166.179.210.240.279.304.317.319.341.362.370.Totila144f.Toulouse141.173.191;S.339.Tours154.385, S.150.Trafalgar S.323.Trajan Ks.129f.Transvaal406.407f.Trapezunt31.176.Trasim. See S.90.Trautenau S.376.Travendal F.275.Trebia S.90.317.Trelleborg411.Treuga Dei169;Tribunat77–79.101f.104–106.117.— in Fr.318.321.Tribur157.164.Tribus75.77.Trident. Konz.232f.Trier135.150.382, Erzb.189.196, Kf.200.224.228.264.320.Trierarchie39.Trifanum S.83.Trifels176.182.Triumvirat111.118.Troja23.27.Troppau281, Ko.345.Troubadours191.Tschesme S.296.Tschingis Khan194.Tudor H.214.245, St.246.Tunis88.177.231.404.Turenne259.261–263.Turgot307.Turin317.339, S.136.273.Türken, Türkei172.219f.230.232.240.251.275.317.320.347.365–367.400.415f.Türkenkr., österr.230.251.266.278.297.— russ.275.295.296.332.347.365.399f.— venetian.219.240.304.Tyrannis29.32f.36–37.67.Tyrtaios32.37.Tyrus9–11.13f.60.95.174.177.U.Uganda407.425.Ulfila140.Ulm164.188.190.201f.232.340, Kapit.323.Ulpianus133.Ulrich v. Würt.202.231.Ungarn157–160, Kgr.163–165.173.175.195.203.205.217.225.230f.253.255.266.291.329.357f.397f.Union, deutsche359.— ev.345.433.— prot.252.254.Unstrut S.158.166.Urban II. P.167.173.Utica13.98.116.Utraquisten204f.Utrecht165.243, F.274.V.Vadimon. See S.84.Valens Ks.137.140.Valentinian Ks.137f.Valerius Corvus82.— Poplicola75.Valmy S.313.Valois H.207.Vandalen139.141–144.Varna366, S.218f.Varus124.Vasallen146.161.169.191.Vasco de Gama222.Vatikan. Konz.381.Veii72.80.Vendée310.Venedig142.175–176.179f.184.210.219.235.239.266.304.315f.323.340.356.379.Vercellae S.104.Vercingetorix112f.Verden152f.255.260.277f.Verdun156.233.236.260.313.383.385, V.155.Verein. Staaten301f.331.346.370.407f.416bis419.420f.426.Vergilius122.Virginia79.Verona144.162.182.304.369, Ko.345.Versailles265.285.307.389–392, F.301.Vesontio S.111.Vespasian Ks.128.Vesuv128.412, S.83.144.Via Aemilia94.— Appia84.86.113.Vienne208, Konz.168.178.Viktor Eman.339.356.366.369f.379.411f.Viktoria K. v. E.353.406bis409.Vilagos Kapit.358.Villars274.Vionville S.383.Viriathus100.Visconti H.203.210.Vitalienbrüder215.Vitellius Ks.127.Vittoria S.337.Völkerw.137.140–145.Volsker70.77f.80.Voltaire285.306.Vorbehalt, geistl.234,252.255.Vossem F.263.Voullon S.143.W.Wachau S.336.Wagram S.329.Wahlstatt S.195.335.Wajirawudh420.Walachei219.278f.296.346.366f.Waldemar II. K. v. Dn.187.215.— IV.201.215.— v. Br.199.427.Waldenser191.Waldersee421.Waldstätte197.Wales142.Wallia141.Wallenstein255–258.437.Walpole299.Walther v. d. V.186.Warschau275.298.350.360, S.267.430.— Hz.327.330f.341.Wartburg186.188.190.228.345.Wartenburg S.336.Warwick214,246.Wasa H.249f.267.Washington301f.321.416, V.418.Waterloo S.342.Wat Tyler212.Watt344.Wehlau V.267.431.Weimar233.257.291.325.437.Weinsberg S.180.Weißenburg S.314.383.Weißer Berg S.254;Welfen154.157.166.179–180.182f.189.266.437, St.181.Welfesholz S.168.Wellington328.331.337.339.342.348.Wenden152.158.160.162.180.Wenzel Ks.202.Werder383.385.387f.Westfalen151.184.189.224.254.287.340.433;Kgr.326f.336.Westfäl. F.260.273.Westgoten139–142.143f.149.Weström. Reich138.141.143.Wettin H.164.179f.189.204.227.233.435.437;St.227.Wetzlar224.289.320.Whigs271.273.298.Widukind152.168.Wiedertäufer229.231.Wien124.131.196.205.253.259.266.292.323.329.355f.;Bl.230.266;F.279.330.374.379f.;Ko.340, V.290.Wikinger156.170f.Wilhelm I. K. v. E.170.192.— II.192.— III.263.265.271f.— IV.348.351.— v. Holland189.— v. Oranien243f.— K. d. Niederl.340.410.— I. K. v. Pr.355.359.367.371.376.381.384.Deutscher Ks.390bis395.433f.— II.396.434.— v. Schaumburg303.438.Willigis168.Wimpfen S.254.Winfried151.Winkelried202.Winrich v. Kniprode217.Wisby200f.Wismar260.277.Wißmann425.Witboi424f.Wittelsbach H.184.186.189.252.260.289f.434f.Wittenberg227f.232f.337Wittstock S.258.Witu407.425.Wladimir170.216.Wladislav183.206.216.218.250.Worringen S.190.Worms151.154f.164.166.190.259.265;Konk.168;Rchst.161.187.224.228;S.202.Wörth S.383.Wrangel259.356.361.Wrede336f.Wullenwever250.Württemberg196.201f.206.231f.321;Kgr.323f.337.341.360.375.378.382.391.435f.Würzburg151.190.257.324.378;Rchst.182.185.Wycliffe203.212.X.Xanten124, V.252.430.Xanthippos39.42f.Xenophon54.70.Xeres de la Fr. S.149.Xerxes20.40f.Ximenez241.Y.York Gen.332f.334bis336.— H.212–214.Hz.212.271.318.Yorktown Kapit.301.Ypsilanti346.Z.Zähringen H.166.196.436.Zama S.93.Zapolya230.Zela S.116.Zeno Ks.138.143.Zenobia134.Zenta S.266.Zeven V.286.Ziska205.Zollverein351.361.380.Zorndorf S.287.Zriny251.Zülpich S.143.Zünfte201.208.210.306.Zürich165.199.205.227.230;F.369;S.317.Zwingli227.230.Zwölf Tafeln78.120.