References to Deborah's relations in Franklin's letters to her, 241.References to William Franklin in these letters, 241.References to servants, 242.References to Franklin's Pennsylvania friends, 244.References to his new house, 245.Exchanges of gifts between Franklin and Deborah, 246.Gifts to his daughter, 248.Familiarity with household affairs and articles, 249.Occasional home-sickness, 250.Illness when in England, 251.Deborah's ill-health, 252.Letters to his daughter and her husband, 253.Letter from her to him about housekeeping for her mother, 255 (note).Sally's hatred of South Carolinians, 259.William Bache, Franklin's grandson, 260, 261.Bequest of diamonds to Sally by Franklin, 261.Appoints Richard Bache to office, 262.On his return from his second mission he resided with the Baches, 261.And after his return from France, 263.Comments on Sally Bache by Marbois and De Chastellux, 263.Domestic conditions surrounding Franklin towards his end, 263, 265.Later relations between Franklin and his son William, 264, 264 (note).Family of Sally Bache at close of Franklin's life, 265, 266.Franklin's father and mother, 266.Story told by his father, 268.Franklin's grandfather, Peter Folger, 269.The Folgers, 270.Franklin's letters to his father and mother, 270.Her letters to him, 272.Letters to his sister Jane about their parents, 273.Estate left by his father, 274.Loving relations of Franklin with his kinsfolk, 274.His uncles John and Thomas and grandfather Thomas, 274, 275.His uncle Benjamin, 275.This uncle's poetry books, 275.And collection of pamphlets, 277.Samuel Franklin, grandson of this uncle, 277.Remaining relations of Franklin in England in 1767, 277.His letter to a Franklin at Königsberg, 277.Had exact account of Franklins from 1555, 278.Observations on Jemmy Franklin, 278.Bequest to his brother James' descendants, 279.Franklin's four brothers who died young and his brother Josiah, 279.His brothers John and Peter, 279, 280 (note).His letter to Peter's widow, 280.His brother Samuel, 280.His sister Dowse, 280.Wise and feeling letter about her, 280.His sister Mrs. Holmes, 282.His sister Lydia Scott, 282.His sister Anne Harris and her descendants, 282.Her daughter Grace Harris and her husband Jonathan Williams and her sons, 283.His sister Sarah Davenport, 286.Letter from him to Josiah Davenport refusing him an office, 286.Relations between him and his sister Jane Mecom and her family, 287.Bequests by Franklin to members of his father's family, 301.Relations between him and Deborah's family, 301.Sharp letter to James Read, 301.Franklin's interest in his ancestors, 302.Notes on subject by his uncle Benjamin, 302.Visit to his relation, Mary Fisher, in England, 303.Old Tythes Book sent by Carlyle to Edw. Everett, 303 (note).Thomas Franklin, 305.Deborah's English relations, 306.Sally Franklin and her father Thomas Franklin, of Lutterworth, 306.Letter from Josiah Franklin about his ancestors, 307.His American FriendsFriends who accompanied him to Trenton, i., 310.House full of friends on his return from England in 1762, 311.Rejoicing over his safe return to England, 311.His friends "along the Continent," 311.Many friends in New England, 312.Visits to Boston, 312.Description of his return from New England in 1755, 312.Accidents to Franklin, 312.Friends in New York and New Jersey, 314.Visits to Maryland and Virginia, 314.Friends in Charleston, 315.Dr. Garden, Dr. Lining, Henry Laurens and John Laurens, 315.Death of John Laurens, 316 (note).Relations between Franklin and Washington, 316.Widespread fame of the two in America, 317 (note).Relations between Franklin and Jefferson, 318.Humorous stories about Franklin by Jefferson, 318, 321 (note).Franklin and Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 321.Franklin and John Carroll, 321.Franklin and William Carmichael, 322.James Ralph and other young Philadelphia friends of Franklin, 323.Ralph's version of 18th Psalm, 324.Comments of author on Ralph, 325 (note).Junto friends, 326.Hugh Roberts, 328.Philip Syng, 330.Samuel Rhoads, 330.Luke Morris, 331.Dr. Thomas Bond, 332.Dr. John Bard, 332.Dr. Benjamin Rush, 332.Stories about Franklin by Dr. Rush, 333.John Bartram, 334.John Hughes, 336.Thomas Hopkinson, 337.Effect of Whitefield's eloquence on him, 338.Francis Hopkinson, 338.Col. Henry Bouquet, 340.Lee and Izard, Franklin's only two enemies, 340.Warning to his daughter about his enemies, 340.Dr. Cadwallader Evans, 342.Abel James and Thomas Wharton, 343.Samuel Wharton, 343.Ebenezer Kinnersley, 345.John Foxcroft and Rev. Thos. Coombe, 346.James Wright and Susannah Wright, 346.Anthony Benezet, 347.Joseph Galloway, 347.James Logan, David Hall and Charles Thomson, 350.David Rittenhouse, 350.John Jay, 350.Josiah Quincy, John Winthrop and Dr. Samuel Cooper, 352.James Bowdoin, 352.Young Josiah Quincy, 352.Mather Byles, 354.Samuel Danforth, 355.Jared Eliot, 356.Dr. Ezra Stiles, 362.Dr. Samuel Johnson, 363, 364.Jared Ingersoll, 364.Catherine Ray, 364.His British FriendsMrs. Margaret Stevenson, i., 372.Polly Stevenson, 374.Wm. Strahan, 392.Jonathan Shipley, Bishop of St. Asaph's, 405.Catherine Louisa Shipley, 407, 409, 410, 412, 417, 417 (note).Georgiana Shipley, 407, 410, 413.Anna Maria Shipley, 411, 412.Dr. John Pringle, 415, 416, 417, 417 (note).Dr. John Fothergill, 421.David Barclay, 423. Franklin a "clubable" man, 424.Dr. Price, 425.Dr. Joseph Priestley, 429.Benjamin Vaughan, 432.Dr. John Hawkesworth and John Stanley, 437.John Sargent, 438.John Canton, 438.Dr. Alexander Small, 439.John Alleyne, 442.Edward Bridgen, 442.Edmund Burke, 443.Mrs. Thompson, 442, 443.John Whitehurst, 442, 445.Anthony Tissington, 442, 445.Thomas Viny, 442, 445.Caleb Whitefoord, 442, 447, 447 (note).Peter Collinson, 447.Rev. George Whitefield, 447, 449.David Hartley, 447, 456.Ballad of Auld Robin Gray, 460.The Farce, God-send or the Wreckers, 462.George Whatley, 447, 463.Lord LeDespencer, 447, 452.James Hutton, 447, 453.Sir Alexander Dick, 463.Lady Alexander Dick, 464.Lord Kames, 464.Scotch social conditions in 1759, 464, 465.David Hume, 467.William Alexander, 469.Mariamne Williams, wife of Jonathan Williams, Jr., 469.Sir Edward Newenham, 469.Richard Jackson, 470.Gen. Horatio Gates, 470.Gen. Charles Lee, 470, 471.Benjamin West, 470, 471.Mrs. Benjamin West, 472.Raphael West, 472.Mr. Mead, 472.His French FriendsSocial life of Franklin in France, i., 473, 474.His love of France and the French people, 476.His opinion of the French people, 476.DuPont De Nemours, 474, 530, 533.D'Alibard, 474.Dr. Barbeu Dubourg, 474, 530, 533.Relations to French women, 477.Franklin's residence at Passy, 479.LeRay de Chaumont, 479.LeRay de Chaumont, the younger, 481.DeChaumont's family, 482.Madame Foucault, 482.Her kiss, 482.Madame Chaumont, her comments on supposed attack of John Paul Jones on an old woman, 482.Her comment on the engagement of Mlle.Passy to the Marquis de Tonnerre, 483.Franklin's witty letter to the mother of this girl, 483.Franklin's mode of life at Paris, 483.His salary, 484.His letter to John Adams about American criticism on his mode of life, 484.His hospitality at Passy, 485.Dinners mentioned by Miss Adams, 485.Story of the Abbé Raynal and American degeneracy, 485.Letter from John Quincy Adams to Franklin, 486.Franklin's visiting list, 486.Entertainments attended by Franklin, 486.Madame Helvétius, 487.Madame Brillon, 487, 500.Comtesse D'Houdetot, 487, 522.Fête Champêtre, 523.Jean Georges Cabanis, 488.Abbé Morellet, 488.Abbé de la Roche, 488.Abbé Morellet's Very Humble Petition to Madame Helvétius from her Cats, 488.Letter to the Abbé de la Roche from Franklin with regard to Madame Helvétius, 489.The Journey to the Elysian Fields, 489.Letters from Franklin to Cabanis, 491.Description of Madame Helvétius by Abigail Adams, 492.Comment by Miss Adams on Madame Helvétius, 493.The Abbés, 496.Feeling letters from Abbé Morellet to Franklin, 497, 498.The Abbé Morellet's drinking song, 498.The Abbé Morellet's observations on good rum, 499.Franklin's drinking song, 499.Essay on the Morals of Chess, 516.Madame Jean Baptiste Le Roy, 526.Jean Baptiste Le Roy, 527.Pierre Le Roy, 528.Charles Le Roy, 528.David Le Roy, 528.Madame Lavoisier, 528.Madame de Forbach, 528.Mlle. Flainville, 528, 529.Buffon, 530.Condorcet, 530.Lafayette, 530.Madame de Lafayette, 531.Duc de la Rochefoucauld, 530, 531.Lavoisier, 530, 532.Chastellux, 530, 532.Ferdinand Grand, 530, 532.LeVeillard, 530, 537.Madame LeVeillard, 537.Jefferson's letter to LeVeillard about the Autobiography, 540.Letter from LeVeillard to Franklin about Mesdames Helvétius and Brillon, 540.Letter from LeVeillard's daughter to Franklin, 541.Dr. Jan Ingenhousz, 541.Debt due him by Samuel Wharton, 541.Mrs. Paschal, 542 (note).Thomas Mifflin, 542 (note).Wm. Hunter, 542 (note).Thomas Pownall, 542 (note).Mr. and Mrs. Jean Holker, 542 (note).Monthieu, 542 (note).Madame La Marck, 542 (note).Dr. Edward Bancroft, 542 (note).Marquis de Turgot, 542 (note).His Personal and Social CharacteristicsHumorous observations on Vanity, i., 28.Franklin's physique, 158.Early eagerness of Franklin for the sea, 158.Portraits of Franklin, 233 (note).Sterner virtues of Franklin, ii.,1.Statement of Franklin to Hancock that they must all hang together,2.Franklin slow to anger,3.His integrity,3.Description of Franklin by Dr. Cutler,7.His wit,7.His humor,8.Story of the powder cask,9.Story of the anchor,9.Story of the hot iron,10.Story of the Archbishop and the queen,10.The story of omnia vanitas,11.The story of the onions,11.Duelling story,12.His bon mots,12.His love of practical jokes,15.Remarks on man as a sociable being,16.Early Socratic method of arguing,16.Franklin's modesty and lack of dogmatism, i., 28; ii.,17.His level-headedness,18.His dislike of disputation,18.Franklin a good listener,19.His amiable, generous disposition, i., 29; ii.,20,22.His love of games,21.His physical appetites,21.His fondness for music,22.His armonica.22.Cheerfulness under suffering,22.Benignity of mind,23.His habit of making gifts,23.His loyalty in friendship,24.His interest in his friend's children,25.Franklin's physical exercises,483(note).As a Man of BusinessGeneral Comments on, ii.,26.Main calling that of printer,27.Set as a boy to cutting wicks,28.Taken around among workmen by Josiah,28.Josiah makes a printer of him,29.Becomes apprentice to his brother,29.Nature of his brother's publications,29.James Franklin embroiled with magistracy,30.Courant issued in name of Franklin,33.Rubs between Franklin and his brother,34.Absconds from Boston,35.Passage from New York to New Jersey,35.Dr. Brown, the infidel,36.The kindly old woman at Burlington,36.Lands at Philadelphia,36.Falls asleep in Quaker Meeting-house,37.Puts up at the Crooked Billet,37.Calls on Andrew Bradford,37.Calls on Keimer,37.Keimer's printing outfit and elegy,38.Works for Bradford and Keimer,39.Is brought to the notice of Sir William Keith,39.Keith and Col. French call on him,40.Returns to Boston,41.Keith's promises,41.Continues at work with Keimer,42.Keith's continued deceit,42,43.Sails for London,43,44.Discovers Keith's perfidy,44.Makes a friend of Andrew Hamilton,45.And repays his kindness,45.Ralph a stumbling block to him in London,45.Franklin is employed at Palmer's,46.And at Watts',46.Relations to his fellow-printers in London,47,48.Lodges with a Catholic widow,49.His skill as a swimmer,49.Is employed by Mr. Denham,50.Is invited by Sir Wm. Wyndham to teach his sons how to swim,50.Returns to Philadelphia and meets Keith on the street,51.Habits in London,51(note).Mr. Denham dies,52.Franklin nearly dies,52.Story of Mr. Denham,52.Franklin goes back to Keimer,53.Keimer's other hands,53.Keimer benefits by Franklin's inventive faculty,54.Franklin quits Keimer,55.Meredith proposes partnership to Franklin,56.The latter is employed by Keimer again,56.And again proves very useful to him,57.New Jersey job,57.Story of Cotton Mather,57.Franklin attracts the attention of Governor Burnet,58.Acquires good will of prominent New Jersey men,58.Portrait of Keimer by Franklin,59.Prediction of Isaac Decow as to Franklin,59.Meredith and Franklin enter into partnership,59.First money earned by them,60.Samuel Mickle, the croaker,60.New firm helped by members of The Junto,61.Franklin's industry wins attention,61.Webb betrays Franklin,62.Franklin buys Keimer's newspaper,62.Franklin founds Pennsylvania Gazette,63.Its practical value to him,63.On the brink of ruin,63.Meredith a drunkard,64.Coleman and Grace come to Franklin's aid,64,64(note).Partnership of Meredith and Franklin dissolved,65.Franklin continues,66.Advocates more paper money,66.Secures paper money printing contracts,67.Opens up a stationery shop,67.Employs a compositor,67.Personal and business habits at this time,67.Keimer goes to Barbadoes,68.His railings at fortune,68.David Harry declines Franklin's offer of partnership,69.Franklin seeks a wife,69.Franklin's industry in business,70.His frugality,70.Establishes his Poor Richard's Almanac,71.Its success,71.Principles on which Franklin conducted the Pennsylvania Gazette,71.Extends his printing business,72.Establishes a German newspaper and a magazine,74.Latter project betrayed by John Webbe,74.Chosen Clerk of General Assembly and appointed Postmaster,75.Refuses to retaliate Bradford's meanness,75.Business value of office of Clerk,75.Conciliates a member of the Assembly,76.Business increases,77.Gazette profitable,77.Admits Hall to partnership,77.Terms of partnership,78.Business income of Franklin,78.Profits from the Gazette,78.Franklin's interest in art of printing,78(note).Disagreement between him and Hall over a copyright,79.Franklin burns his fingers with the Stamp Tax,80.Appointed Comptroller of Post Office accounts,80.Appointed Deputy Postmaster-General,80.Success in managing Post Office,81,82.Comments of Franklin on his removal from office of Postmaster,81.Gives Post Office patronage to relations,83.Income of Franklin from other sources than business,83.Appointed Postmaster General of the United States,84.Gift of land to him by State of Georgia,84.His estate at his death,85.Character of the Pennsylvania Gazette,86.Books published by Franklin,90.Sold other books,91.Miscellaneous side of his business,91.Sold bond servants and negroes,92.Mrs. Read's ointments,93.As a StatesmanAppointed Clerk of General Assembly, ii.,95.Appointed and elected to other offices including a seat in the Assembly,95.Minor legislation in which he had a hand,95(note).Lacking in fluency but spoke to the point,96.Influence very great in every Assembly in which he sat,96.Remarks on the importance of character to an orator,97.Political positions occupied by him,97.Not easily imposed on by mere glibness, but alive to eloquence like that of Lord Chatham,98.Repeatedly re-elected to Assembly,98.Usually with the majority,98(note).A true democrat,98.Detested arbitrary power,99.Conservative, yet liberal,99.Believed in universal suffrage and law of gavelkind,100.History of the conflict between the Proprietary and Popular Parties in Pennsylvania,100.And reasons therefor,101.Value of the Penn Estate in Pennsylvania,102,102(note).Strictures of Franklin on the Proprietary Government,102,104,107.Traffic in legislation,104.Despicable conduct of the Proprietaries,106.Bitterness of the struggle between the Proprietaries and the Assembly,108.Stand of the Quakers in the struggle,108.Franklin the leader of the Popular Party,109.His relations to Governors of Pennsylvania during the struggle,109,110,111,112,113,114.Story about a dinner at the house of Governor Morris,110.Reply of Shirley to Franklin at a banquet,112.Governor Denny brings over gold medal to Franklin,112.Plies Franklin with solicitations,112.Franklin appointed agent to go to England,114.Lord Loudon intervenes in the conflict,114.Vacillating conduct of Lord Loudon about sailing,114."Always on horseback, and never rides on," said Innis,115.Long detention of Franklin at New York,115.Franklin's opinion of Lord Loudon,117,117(note).Loudon's reply to Franklin about filling his own pockets,118.Franklin arrives in London,118.Interview with Lord Granville,118.Meeting between Proprietaries and Franklin,119.Settlement of dispute with Proprietaries,120.Franklin thanks Assembly,122.His personal relations to the Proprietaries and their governors,122.Proprietary oppression,124.Governor Penn's dependence on Franklin,126.Letter to Dr. Fothergill from Franklin about the Proprietary,127.Factional dissensions in Pennsylvania,127.Popular conflict with Governor Penn,127.Franklin elected Speaker,129.Writes preface to Galloway's speech,129.Denunciation of Proprietaries by him,130.Lapidary attacks on Thomas and Richard Penn by him,132.Factious attacks on him in prose and verse,133.Franklin defeated at election,135.Franklin attacks fairness of the election,136.Wearies of political contentions,137.Recommends son of Thomas Penn to good will of Dickinson,138.Scathing comments by Franklin on Thomas Penn's meanness,138.Philadelphia merchants raise sum to send him abroad as agent,140.Pennsylvania feud sinks into the background,140.The Albany Congress,141.A day's journey under colonial conditions,143(note).Letters from Franklin to Shirley on the colonial connection,146.Letter to James Parker from Franklin anticipating Albany Plan of Union,151.Franklin and the Indians,152.Humorous stories about the Indians told by him,157,158(note).Distinction enjoyed by him in England during his first and second missions,162.General relations to England before Revolution,163,164(note).Loyalty to England and its king,163,170.Subsequent change of attitude,168.Willingness to accept office under the Duke of Grafton,169.His counsels of moderation,170.