Chapter 18

An excellent critical bibliography ofBeowulf-translations up to 1903 is that of Tinker: see under§ 6,Translations.

§ 3. THE MS AND ITS TRANSCRIPTS

Beowulffills ff. 129 (132)ato 198 (201)bof the British MuseumMSCotton Vitellius A. XV.

Beowulfis written in two hands, the first of which goes to l. 1939. This hand was identified by Prof. Sedgefield (Beowulf,Introduction, p. xiv, footnote) with that of the piece immediately precedingBeowulfin theMS, and by Mr Kenneth Sisam, in 1916, with that of all three immediately preceding pieces: theChristopherfragment, theWonders of the East, and theLetter of Alexander on the Wonders of India. The pieces preceding these, however (theSoliloquies of S. Augustine, theGospel of Nicodemus,Salomon and Saturn), are certainly not in the same hand, and their connection with theBeowulf-MSis simply due to the bookbinder.

From l. 1939 to the end,Beowulfis written in a second hand, thicker and less elegant than the first. This second hand seems to be clearly identical with that in which the poem ofJudith, immediately followingBeowulf, is written. This was pointed out by Sievers in 1872 (Z.f.d.A.XV, 457), and has never, I think, been disputed (cf. Sisam, p. 337; Förster, p. 31). Nevertheless the two poems have probably not always formed one book. For the last page ofBeowulfwas apparently once the last page of the volume, to judge from its battered condition, whilstJudithis imperfect at the beginning. And there are trifling differences, e.g. in the frequency of the use of contractions, and the form of the capital H.

This identity of the scribe of the second portion ofBeowulfand theJudithscribe, together with the identity (pointed out by Mr Sisam) of the scribe of the first portion ofBeowulfand the scribe of the three preceding works, is important. A detailed comparison of these texts will throw light upon the characteristics of the scribes.

That the three preceding works are in the same hand as that of the firstBeowulfscribe was again announced, independently of Mr Sisam, by Prof. Max Förster, in 1919. Sievers had already in 1871 arrived at the same result (see Förster, p. 35, note) but had not published it.

It seems to me in the highest degree improbable that theBeowulf-MShas lost its ending, as Prof. Förster thinks (pp. 82, 88). Surely nothing could be better than the conclusion of the poem as it stands in theMS: that thecasual loss of a number of leaves could have resulted in so satisfactory a conclusion is, I think, not conceivable. Moreover, the scribe has crammed as much material as possible into the last leaf ofBeowulf, making his lines abnormally long, and using contractions in a way he does not use them elsewhere. The only reason for this must be to avoid running over into a new leaf or quire: there could be no motive for this crowded page if the poem had ever run on beyond it.

There is pretty general agreement that the date of theBeowulf-MSis about the year 1000, and that it is somewhat more likely to be before that date than after.

TheBeowulf-MSwas injured in the great Cottonian fire of 1731, and the edges of the parchment have since chipped away owing to the damage then sustained. Valuable assistance can therefore be derived from the two transcripts now preserved in the Royal Library of Copenhagen, made in 1787, when theMSwas much less damaged.

A. Poema anglosaxonicum de rebus gestis Danorum ... fecit exscribi LondiniA.D. MDCCLXXXVIIGrimus Johannis Thorkelin.B. Poema anglosaxonicum de Danorum rebus gestis ... exscripsit Grimus Johannis Thorkelin. LondiniMDCCLXXXVII.

A. Poema anglosaxonicum de rebus gestis Danorum ... fecit exscribi LondiniA.D. MDCCLXXXVIIGrimus Johannis Thorkelin.

B. Poema anglosaxonicum de Danorum rebus gestis ... exscripsit Grimus Johannis Thorkelin. LondiniMDCCLXXXVII.

The first description of theBeowulf-MSis in 1705 byH. Wanley(Librorum Septentrionalium ... Catalogus, pp. 218—19, Oxoniæ, forming vol.IIof Hickes'Thesaurus). Two short extracts from theMSare given by Wanley. He describes the poem as telling of the warsquæ Beowulfus quidam Danus, ex regio Scyldingorum stirpe ortus, gessit contra Sueciæ regulos. The text was printed byThorkelinin 1815, and theMSwas collated byConybeare, who in hisIllustrations(1826) issued 19 pages of corrections of Thorkelin. These corrections were further corrected byJ. M. Kemblein 1837 (Letter to M. Francisque Michel, in Michel'sBibliothèque Anglo-Saxonne, pp. 20, 51-8). Meantime Kemble's text had been issued in 1833, based upon his examination of theMS. TheMSwas also seen byThorpe(in 1830: Thorpe's text was not published till 1855) and byGrundtvig(pub. 1861). A further collation was that ofE. Kölbingin 1876 (Zur Beóvulf-handschrift,Archiv,LVI, 91-118). Kölbing's collation proves the superiority of Kemble's text to Grundtvig's. Line for line transcripts of the MS were those of Holder, Wülker and Zupitza:

1881Holder, A.Beowulf. Bd. I. Abdruck der Handschrift. Freiburg u. Tübingen. (‡1881, from collation made in 1875.) Reviews: Kölbing,Engl. Stud.VII, 488; Kluge,Literaturblatt, 1883, 178; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1882, 1035-6.

1882. 2 Aufl.1895. 3 Aufl. Reviews: Dieter,Anglia, Beiblatt,VI, 260-1; Brandl,Z.f.d.A.XL, 90.

1882. 2 Aufl.

1895. 3 Aufl. Reviews: Dieter,Anglia, Beiblatt,VI, 260-1; Brandl,Z.f.d.A.XL, 90.

1881Wülker, R. P.Beowulf: Text nach der handschrift, in Grein'sBibliothek, I, 18-148.1882Zupitza, J.Beowulf. Autotypes of the unique CottonMS. Vitellius AXV; with a transliteration and notes.Early English Text Society, London. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia,VII,Anzeiger, 41; Kölbing,Engl. Stud.VII, 482etc.; Varnhagen,A.f.d.A.X, 304; Sievers,Lit. Cbl.1884, 124.

1881Wülker, R. P.Beowulf: Text nach der handschrift, in Grein'sBibliothek, I, 18-148.

1882Zupitza, J.Beowulf. Autotypes of the unique CottonMS. Vitellius AXV; with a transliteration and notes.Early English Text Society, London. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia,VII,Anzeiger, 41; Kölbing,Engl. Stud.VII, 482etc.; Varnhagen,A.f.d.A.X, 304; Sievers,Lit. Cbl.1884, 124.

Further discussion of theMSby

1890Davidson, C.Differences between the scribes of Beowulf.M.L.N.V, 43-4;McClumpha, C., criticizes the above,M.L.N.V, 123; reply byDavidson,M.L.N.V, 189-90.1910Lamb, Evelyn H."Beowulf": Hemming of Worcester.Notes and Queries, Ser.XI, vol.I, p. 26. (Worthless. An assertion, unsupported by any evidence, thatboththe hands of the BeowulfMSare those of Hemming of Worcester, who flourished c. 1096.)1916Sisam, K.The Beowulf Manuscript.M.L.R.XI, 335-7. (Very important. Gives results of a scrutiny of the other treatises inMS Vitellius A. XV(see above) and shows, among other things, that the BeowulfMS, before reaching the hands of Sir Robert Cotton, was (in 1563) in those of Lawrence Nowell, the Elizabethan Anglo-Saxon scholar.)1919Förster, Max.Die Beowulf-Handschrift, Leipzig,Berichte der Sächs.Akad. der Wissenschaften, Bd. 71. (An excellent and detailed discussion of the problems of the MS, quite independent of that of Mr Sisam, whose results it confirms.) Review: Schröder,Z.f.d.A.LVIII, 85-6.1920Rypins, S. I.The Beowulf Codex.Mod. Phil.XVII, 541-8 (promising further treatment of the problems of theMS).

1890Davidson, C.Differences between the scribes of Beowulf.M.L.N.V, 43-4;McClumpha, C., criticizes the above,M.L.N.V, 123; reply byDavidson,M.L.N.V, 189-90.

1910Lamb, Evelyn H."Beowulf": Hemming of Worcester.Notes and Queries, Ser.XI, vol.I, p. 26. (Worthless. An assertion, unsupported by any evidence, thatboththe hands of the BeowulfMSare those of Hemming of Worcester, who flourished c. 1096.)

1916Sisam, K.The Beowulf Manuscript.M.L.R.XI, 335-7. (Very important. Gives results of a scrutiny of the other treatises inMS Vitellius A. XV(see above) and shows, among other things, that the BeowulfMS, before reaching the hands of Sir Robert Cotton, was (in 1563) in those of Lawrence Nowell, the Elizabethan Anglo-Saxon scholar.)

1919Förster, Max.Die Beowulf-Handschrift, Leipzig,Berichte der Sächs.Akad. der Wissenschaften, Bd. 71. (An excellent and detailed discussion of the problems of the MS, quite independent of that of Mr Sisam, whose results it confirms.) Review: Schröder,Z.f.d.A.LVIII, 85-6.

1920Rypins, S. I.The Beowulf Codex.Mod. Phil.XVII, 541-8 (promising further treatment of the problems of theMS).

TheMSof Finnsburg has been lost. See above, p.245.

§ 4. EDITIONS OF BEOWULF AND FINNSBURG

1705Hickes, G.Linguarum Vett. Septentrionalium Thesaurus. Oxoniæ. (Vol.I, 192-3, text of Finnsburg Fragment.)1814Conybeare, J. J.The Battle of Finsborough, in Brydges'British Bibliographer, vol.IV, pp. 261-7; No.XV(Text, Latin translation, and free verse paraphrase in English: some brief notes).1815Thorkelin, G. J.De Danorum rebus gestis secul.IIIetIV. Poëma Danicum dialecto Anglo-Saxonica. (Copenhagen, with Lat. transl.) Reviews: See§ 7,Textual Criticism, 1815, Grundtvig; alsoDansk Litteratur-Tidende, 1815, 401-32, 437-46, 461-2 (defending Thorkelin against Grundtvig);Iduna, vii, 1817, 133-59;Monthly Review,LXXXI, 1816, 516-23; ‡Jenaische Literatur-Zeitung, 1816,Ergänzungsblätter, 353-65 (summary in Wülker'sGrundriss, p. 252); Outzen inKieler Blätter, 1816, see§ 8, below.1817Rask, R. K.Angelsaksisk sproglære. Stockholm (pp. 163-6 contain Beowulf, ll. 53-114, with commentary).1820 Text of Finnsburg, given byGrundtviginBjowulfs Drape,pp. xl-xlv.1826 Text of Finnsburg, and of large portions of Beowulf, given inConybeare'sIllustrations. See§ 5,Translations.1833Kemble, J. M.Beowulf, the Travellers Song, and the Battle of Finnesburh, edited with a glossary ... and an historical preface. London.

1705Hickes, G.Linguarum Vett. Septentrionalium Thesaurus. Oxoniæ. (Vol.I, 192-3, text of Finnsburg Fragment.)

1814Conybeare, J. J.The Battle of Finsborough, in Brydges'British Bibliographer, vol.IV, pp. 261-7; No.XV(Text, Latin translation, and free verse paraphrase in English: some brief notes).

1815Thorkelin, G. J.De Danorum rebus gestis secul.IIIetIV. Poëma Danicum dialecto Anglo-Saxonica. (Copenhagen, with Lat. transl.) Reviews: See§ 7,Textual Criticism, 1815, Grundtvig; alsoDansk Litteratur-Tidende, 1815, 401-32, 437-46, 461-2 (defending Thorkelin against Grundtvig);Iduna, vii, 1817, 133-59;Monthly Review,LXXXI, 1816, 516-23; ‡Jenaische Literatur-Zeitung, 1816,Ergänzungsblätter, 353-65 (summary in Wülker'sGrundriss, p. 252); Outzen inKieler Blätter, 1816, see§ 8, below.

1817Rask, R. K.Angelsaksisk sproglære. Stockholm (pp. 163-6 contain Beowulf, ll. 53-114, with commentary).

1820 Text of Finnsburg, given byGrundtviginBjowulfs Drape,pp. xl-xlv.

1826 Text of Finnsburg, and of large portions of Beowulf, given inConybeare'sIllustrations. See§ 5,Translations.

1833Kemble, J. M.Beowulf, the Travellers Song, and the Battle of Finnesburh, edited with a glossary ... and an historical preface. London.

1835. Second edit.

1847Schaldemose, F.Beo-wulf og Scopes Widsið ... med Oversættelse. Kjøbenhavn. (Follows Kemble's text of 1835: Text and transl. of Finnsburg also given, pp. 161-4.) 1851, Reprinted.1849Klipstein, L. F.Analecta Anglo-Saxonica. New York. (Selections from Beowulf,II, 227-61: Text of Finnsburg, 426-7.)1850Ettmüller, L.Engla and Seaxna scopas and bōceras. Quedlinburg u. Leipzig. (Text of large portions of Beowulf, with Finnsburg, pp. 95-131.)1855Thorpe, B.The A.S. poems of Beowulf, the scop or gleeman's tale, and Finnesburg, with a literal translation ... Oxford. ‡1875, Reprinted.1857Grein, C. W. M.Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie,I. Göttingen (pp. 255—343, Beóvulf, Ueberfall in Finnsburg).

1847Schaldemose, F.Beo-wulf og Scopes Widsið ... med Oversættelse. Kjøbenhavn. (Follows Kemble's text of 1835: Text and transl. of Finnsburg also given, pp. 161-4.) 1851, Reprinted.

1849Klipstein, L. F.Analecta Anglo-Saxonica. New York. (Selections from Beowulf,II, 227-61: Text of Finnsburg, 426-7.)

1850Ettmüller, L.Engla and Seaxna scopas and bōceras. Quedlinburg u. Leipzig. (Text of large portions of Beowulf, with Finnsburg, pp. 95-131.)

1855Thorpe, B.The A.S. poems of Beowulf, the scop or gleeman's tale, and Finnesburg, with a literal translation ... Oxford. ‡1875, Reprinted.

1857Grein, C. W. M.Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Poesie,I. Göttingen (pp. 255—343, Beóvulf, Ueberfall in Finnsburg).

1861-4. Bd. III, IV. Sprachschatz.

1861Rieger, M.Alt- u. angelsächsisches Lesebuch. Giessen. (Der Kampf zu Finnsburg, pp. 61-3: aus dem Beovulf, 63-82.)1861Grundtvig, N. F. S.Beowulfes Beorh eller Bjovulfs-Drapen. Kiöbenhavn, London. (The Finnsburg Fragment is inserted in the text of Beowulf, after l. 1106.)1863Heyne, M.Beovulf, mit ausführlichem Glossar. Paderborn. (Anhang: Der Ueberfall in Finnsburg.) Reviews: Grein,Lit. Cbl.1864, 137—8; Holtzmann,Germania,VIII, 506-7.

1861Rieger, M.Alt- u. angelsächsisches Lesebuch. Giessen. (Der Kampf zu Finnsburg, pp. 61-3: aus dem Beovulf, 63-82.)

1861Grundtvig, N. F. S.Beowulfes Beorh eller Bjovulfs-Drapen. Kiöbenhavn, London. (The Finnsburg Fragment is inserted in the text of Beowulf, after l. 1106.)

1863Heyne, M.Beovulf, mit ausführlichem Glossar. Paderborn. (Anhang: Der Ueberfall in Finnsburg.) Reviews: Grein,Lit. Cbl.1864, 137—8; Holtzmann,Germania,VIII, 506-7.

1868. ‡2 Aufl. Review: Rieger,Z.f.d.Ph.II, 371-4.1873. 3 Aufl. Review: Sievers,Lit. Cbl.1873, 662-3, brief but severe.1879. 4 Aufl. [in this, Kölbing's collation of 1876 was utilized; see p. 82]. Reviews: Brenner,Engl. Stud.IV, 135-9; Gering,Z.f.d.Ph.XII, 122-5.

1868. ‡2 Aufl. Review: Rieger,Z.f.d.Ph.II, 371-4.

1873. 3 Aufl. Review: Sievers,Lit. Cbl.1873, 662-3, brief but severe.

1879. 4 Aufl. [in this, Kölbing's collation of 1876 was utilized; see p. 82]. Reviews: Brenner,Engl. Stud.IV, 135-9; Gering,Z.f.d.Ph.XII, 122-5.

1867Grein, C. W. M.Beovulf, nebst den Fragmenten Finnsburg u. Valdere. Cassel u. Göttingen.1875Ettmüller, L.Carmen de Beóvulfi, Gautarum regis, rebus praeclare gestis atque interitu, quale fuerit antequam in manus interpolatoris, monachi Vestsaxonici, inciderat. (Zürich. University Programme. The additions of the "interpolator" being omitted, the edition contains 2896 lines only.) Reviews: Schönbach,A.f.d.A.III, 36-46; ‡Suchier,Jenaer Literatur-Zeitung,XLVII, 1876, 732.1876Arnold, T.Beowulf, with a translation, notes and appendix. London. Reviews (unfavourable): Sweet,Academy,X, 1876, 588; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1877, 665-6, andAnglia,I, 177-86.1879Wülker, R. P.Kleinere angelsächsische Dichtungen. Halle, Leipzig. (Finnsburg, pp. 6-7.)1883Möller, H.Das altenglische Volksepos in der ursprünglichen strophischen Form. I. Abhandlungen. II. Texte. Kiel. (Containing only those parts of the Finn-story and of Beowulf which Möller regarded as "genuine," in strophic form.) Reviews: Heinzel,A.f.d.A.X, 215-33 (important); Schönbach,Z.f.ö.G.XXXV, 37-46.1883Wülker, R. P.Das Beowulfslied, nebst den kleineren epischen ... stücken. Kassel. (In the second edit. of Grein'sBibliothek der ags. Poesie.) Review: Kölbing,Engl. Stud.VII, 482etc.1883Harrison, J. A.andSharp, R.Beowulf. Boston, U.S.A. (‡1883, on the basis of Heyne's edition; with Finnsburg.) Reviews: York Powell,Academy,XXVI, 1884, 220-1; reply by Harrison, 308-9; by York Powell, 327; Kölbing,Engl. Stud.VII, 482; Bright,Literaturblatt, 1884, 221—3.

1867Grein, C. W. M.Beovulf, nebst den Fragmenten Finnsburg u. Valdere. Cassel u. Göttingen.

1875Ettmüller, L.Carmen de Beóvulfi, Gautarum regis, rebus praeclare gestis atque interitu, quale fuerit antequam in manus interpolatoris, monachi Vestsaxonici, inciderat. (Zürich. University Programme. The additions of the "interpolator" being omitted, the edition contains 2896 lines only.) Reviews: Schönbach,A.f.d.A.III, 36-46; ‡Suchier,Jenaer Literatur-Zeitung,XLVII, 1876, 732.

1876Arnold, T.Beowulf, with a translation, notes and appendix. London. Reviews (unfavourable): Sweet,Academy,X, 1876, 588; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1877, 665-6, andAnglia,I, 177-86.

1879Wülker, R. P.Kleinere angelsächsische Dichtungen. Halle, Leipzig. (Finnsburg, pp. 6-7.)

1883Möller, H.Das altenglische Volksepos in der ursprünglichen strophischen Form. I. Abhandlungen. II. Texte. Kiel. (Containing only those parts of the Finn-story and of Beowulf which Möller regarded as "genuine," in strophic form.) Reviews: Heinzel,A.f.d.A.X, 215-33 (important); Schönbach,Z.f.ö.G.XXXV, 37-46.

1883Wülker, R. P.Das Beowulfslied, nebst den kleineren epischen ... stücken. Kassel. (In the second edit. of Grein'sBibliothek der ags. Poesie.) Review: Kölbing,Engl. Stud.VII, 482etc.

1883Harrison, J. A.andSharp, R.Beowulf. Boston, U.S.A. (‡1883, on the basis of Heyne's edition; with Finnsburg.) Reviews: York Powell,Academy,XXVI, 1884, 220-1; reply by Harrison, 308-9; by York Powell, 327; Kölbing,Engl. Stud.VII, 482; Bright,Literaturblatt, 1884, 221—3.

1892. Third edit.1894. Fourth edit. Reviews: Wülker,Anglia, Beiblatt,V, 65-7; Glöde,Engl. Stud.XX, 417-18.

1892. Third edit.

1894. Fourth edit. Reviews: Wülker,Anglia, Beiblatt,V, 65-7; Glöde,Engl. Stud.XX, 417-18.

1884Holder, A.Beowulf,II. Berichtigter Text u. Wörterbuch. Freiburg u. Tübingen. Reviews: York Powell,Academy,XXVI, 1884, 220-1; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1885, 1008-9; Krüger,Literaturblatt, 1884, 468-70.

1899. 2 Aufl. [with suggestions of Kluge and Cosijn]. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 257; Wülfing,Engl. Stud.XXIX, 278-9; Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1900, 60-2 (important corrections).

1888Heyne, M.andSocin, A.[Fifth edit. of Heyne's text.] Paderborn u. Münster. Reviews: Koeppel,Engl. Stud.XIII, 466-72; Heinzel,A.f.d.A.XV, 189-94; Sievers,Z.f.d.Ph.XXI, 354-65 (very important corrections); Schröer,Literaturblatt, 1889, 170-1.

1898. 6 Aufl. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 257; Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 265; Sarrazin,Engl. Stud.XXVIII, 408-10; Jantzen,Archiv,CIII, 175-6.1903. 7 Aufl. Reviews: Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XVIII, 193-4; Klaeber, the same, 289-91; Kruisinga,Engl. Stud.XXXV, 401-2; v. Grienberger,Z.f.ö.G.LVI, 744-61 (very full); E. Kock,A.f.n.F.XXII, 215 (brief).

1898. 6 Aufl. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 257; Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 265; Sarrazin,Engl. Stud.XXVIII, 408-10; Jantzen,Archiv,CIII, 175-6.

1903. 7 Aufl. Reviews: Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XVIII, 193-4; Klaeber, the same, 289-91; Kruisinga,Engl. Stud.XXXV, 401-2; v. Grienberger,Z.f.ö.G.LVI, 744-61 (very full); E. Kock,A.f.n.F.XXII, 215 (brief).

1894Wyatt, A. J.Beowulf, edited with textual footnotes, index of proper names, and glossary. (Text of Finnsburg.) Cambridge. Reviews: Bradley,Academy,XLVI, 1894, 69-70; Wülker,Anglia, Beiblatt,V, 65-7; Brenner,Engl. Stud.XX, 296; Zupitza,Archiv,XCIV, 326-9.

1898. Second edit. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 257; Sarrazin,Engl. Stud.XXVIII, 407-8.

1902Kluge, F.Angelsächsisches Lesebuch. 3 Aufl. Halle. (XXX.Der Überfall von Finnsburuh, pp. 127-8.)1903Trautmann, M.Finn u. Hildebrand.Bonner Beiträge,VII. (Text, translation and comment on the Episode and Fragment.) Reviews: Binz,Z.f.d.Ph.XXXVII, 529-36; Jantzen,Die Neueren Sprachen,XI, 543-8;Neue philol. Rundschau, 1903, 619-21 (signed -tz- ? Jantzen). Some additional notes by Trautmann, "Nachträgliches zu Finn u. Hildebrand" appeared inBonner Beiträge,XVII, 122.1904Trautmann, M.Das Beowulflied ... das Finn-Bruchstück u. die Waldhere-Bruchstücke. Bearbeiteter Text u. deutsche Übersetzung.Bonner Beiträge,XVI. Reviews: Klaeber,M.L.N.XX, 83-7 (weighty); Eckhardt,Engl. Stud.XXXVII, 401-3; Schücking,Archiv,CXV, 417-21; Barnouw,Museum,XIV, 96-8;Neue philologische Rundschau(? by Jantzen), 1905, 549-50.1905-6Holthausen, F.Beowulf nebst dem Finnsburg-Bruchstück. I. Texte. II. Einleitung, Glossar u. Anmerkungen. Heidelberg. Reviews: Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.VII, 125-9; Klaeber,M.L.N.XXIV, 94-5; Schücking,Engl. Stud.XXXIX, 94-111 (weighty); Deutschbein,Archiv,CXXI, 162-4; v. Grienberger,Z.f.ö.G.1908,LIX, 333-46 (giving an elaborate list of etymological parallels); Barnouw,Museum,XIV, 169-70; Wülker,D.L.Z.1906, 285-6; ‡Jantzen,Neue philologische Rundschau, 1907, 18.

1902Kluge, F.Angelsächsisches Lesebuch. 3 Aufl. Halle. (XXX.Der Überfall von Finnsburuh, pp. 127-8.)

1903Trautmann, M.Finn u. Hildebrand.Bonner Beiträge,VII. (Text, translation and comment on the Episode and Fragment.) Reviews: Binz,Z.f.d.Ph.XXXVII, 529-36; Jantzen,Die Neueren Sprachen,XI, 543-8;Neue philol. Rundschau, 1903, 619-21 (signed -tz- ? Jantzen). Some additional notes by Trautmann, "Nachträgliches zu Finn u. Hildebrand" appeared inBonner Beiträge,XVII, 122.

1904Trautmann, M.Das Beowulflied ... das Finn-Bruchstück u. die Waldhere-Bruchstücke. Bearbeiteter Text u. deutsche Übersetzung.Bonner Beiträge,XVI. Reviews: Klaeber,M.L.N.XX, 83-7 (weighty); Eckhardt,Engl. Stud.XXXVII, 401-3; Schücking,Archiv,CXV, 417-21; Barnouw,Museum,XIV, 96-8;Neue philologische Rundschau(? by Jantzen), 1905, 549-50.

1905-6Holthausen, F.Beowulf nebst dem Finnsburg-Bruchstück. I. Texte. II. Einleitung, Glossar u. Anmerkungen. Heidelberg. Reviews: Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.VII, 125-9; Klaeber,M.L.N.XXIV, 94-5; Schücking,Engl. Stud.XXXIX, 94-111 (weighty); Deutschbein,Archiv,CXXI, 162-4; v. Grienberger,Z.f.ö.G.1908,LIX, 333-46 (giving an elaborate list of etymological parallels); Barnouw,Museum,XIV, 169-70; Wülker,D.L.Z.1906, 285-6; ‡Jantzen,Neue philologische Rundschau, 1907, 18.

1908-9. 2 Aufl., nebst den kleineren Denkmälern der Heldensage, Finnsburg, Waldere, Deor, Widsith, Hildebrand. Reviews: Eichler,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXI, 129-33;XXII, 161-5; Schücking,Engl. Stud.XLII, 108-11; Brandl,Archiv,CXXI, 473,CXXIV, 210; Binz,Literaturblatt,XXXII, 1911, 53-5: see also Koeppel,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIII, 297.1912-13. 3 Aufl.1914-19. 4 Aufl. Reviews: Binz,Literaturblatt,XLI, 1920, 316-17; Fischer,Engl. Stud.LIV, 404-6.

1912-13. 3 Aufl.

1914-19. 4 Aufl. Reviews: Binz,Literaturblatt,XLI, 1920, 316-17; Fischer,Engl. Stud.LIV, 404-6.

1908Schücking, L. L.Beowulf [8th edit. of Heyne's text]. Paderborn. Reviews: Lawrence,M.L.N.XXV, 155-7; Klaeber,Engl. Stud.XXXIX, 425-33 (weighty); Imelmann,D.L.Z.1909, 995 (contains important original contributions); v. Grienberger,Z.f.ö.G.LX, 1089; Boer,Museum,XVI, 139 (brief).

1910. 9 Aufl. Reviews: Sedgefield,Engl. Stud.XLIII, 267-9; F. Wild,Z.f.ö.G.LXIV, 153-5.1913. 10 Aufl. Reviews: Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 289-91;Engl. Stud.XLIX, 424; ‡Degenhart,Blätter f. gymnasialschulwesen,LI, 130; E. A. Kock,A.f.n.F.XXXII, 222-3; Holthausen,Z.f.d.Ph.XLVIII, 127-31 (weighty).1918. 11, 12 Aufl. Reviews: Björkman,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXX, 121-2, 180; Fischer,Engl. Stud.LIII, 338-9.

1910. 9 Aufl. Reviews: Sedgefield,Engl. Stud.XLIII, 267-9; F. Wild,Z.f.ö.G.LXIV, 153-5.

1913. 10 Aufl. Reviews: Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 289-91;Engl. Stud.XLIX, 424; ‡Degenhart,Blätter f. gymnasialschulwesen,LI, 130; E. A. Kock,A.f.n.F.XXXII, 222-3; Holthausen,Z.f.d.Ph.XLVIII, 127-31 (weighty).

1918. 11, 12 Aufl. Reviews: Björkman,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXX, 121-2, 180; Fischer,Engl. Stud.LIII, 338-9.

1910Sedgefield, W. J.Beowulf, edited with Introduction, Bibliography, Notes, Glossary and Appendices. Manchester. Reviews: Thomas,M.L.R.VI, 266-8; Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.X, 633-40; Wild,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIII, 253-60; Klaeber,Engl. Stud.XLIV, 119-26; Brandl,Archiv,CXXVI, 279.

1913. Second edit. Reviews:M.L.R.IX, 429; Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.XIV, 609-13; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXV, 166-8.

1912 Text of the Finn episode given inMeyer, W.,Beiträge zur Geschichte der Eroberung Englands durch die Angelsachsen.1914Chambers, R. W.Beowulf with the Finnsburg Fragment, ed. byA. J. Wyatt. New edition, revised. Cambridge. Reviews: Jones,M.L.R.XI, 230-1: Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.XIV, 609-13; Bright,M.L.N.XXXI, 188-9; Schücking,Engl. Stud.LV, 88-100.1915Dickins, B.Runic and Heroic Poems (Text of Finnsburg with Notes). Cambridge. Review: Mawer,M.L.R.XII, 82-4.1917Mackie, W. L.The Fight at Finnsburg (Introduction, Text and Notes).J.E.G.Ph.XVI, 250-73.1919Schücking, L. L.Kleines angelsächsisches Dichterbuch. [Includes Finnsburg Fragment, Finnsburg Episode and "Beowulf's Return" (ll. 1888-2199).] Reviews: Binz,Literaturblatt,XLI, 1920, pp. 315-16; Imelmann,D.L.Z.XL, 1919, 423-5; Fischer,Engl. Stud.LIV, 1920, 302-3.1920 Text of Finnsburg Fragment and Episode, with commentary, inImelmann's"Forschungen zur altenglischen Poesie."

1912 Text of the Finn episode given inMeyer, W.,Beiträge zur Geschichte der Eroberung Englands durch die Angelsachsen.

1914Chambers, R. W.Beowulf with the Finnsburg Fragment, ed. byA. J. Wyatt. New edition, revised. Cambridge. Reviews: Jones,M.L.R.XI, 230-1: Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.XIV, 609-13; Bright,M.L.N.XXXI, 188-9; Schücking,Engl. Stud.LV, 88-100.

1915Dickins, B.Runic and Heroic Poems (Text of Finnsburg with Notes). Cambridge. Review: Mawer,M.L.R.XII, 82-4.

1917Mackie, W. L.The Fight at Finnsburg (Introduction, Text and Notes).J.E.G.Ph.XVI, 250-73.

1919Schücking, L. L.Kleines angelsächsisches Dichterbuch. [Includes Finnsburg Fragment, Finnsburg Episode and "Beowulf's Return" (ll. 1888-2199).] Reviews: Binz,Literaturblatt,XLI, 1920, pp. 315-16; Imelmann,D.L.Z.XL, 1919, 423-5; Fischer,Engl. Stud.LIV, 1920, 302-3.

1920 Text of Finnsburg Fragment and Episode, with commentary, inImelmann's"Forschungen zur altenglischen Poesie."

An edition of Beowulf by Prof.F. Klaeberis in the press.

§ 5. CONCORDANCES, etc.

1896Holder, A.Beowulf, vol.IIb, Wortschatz. Freiburg. Review: Brandl,A.f.d.A.XXIII, 107.1911Cook, A. S.Concordance to Beowulf. Halle. Reviews: Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.XI, 277-9; Garnett,Amer. Jnl. Philol.XXXIII, 86-7.

1896Holder, A.Beowulf, vol.IIb, Wortschatz. Freiburg. Review: Brandl,A.f.d.A.XXIII, 107.

1911Cook, A. S.Concordance to Beowulf. Halle. Reviews: Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.XI, 277-9; Garnett,Amer. Jnl. Philol.XXXIII, 86-7.

§ 6. TRANSLATIONS (INCLUDING EARLY SUMMARIES)

1881Wülker, R. P.Besprechung der Beowulfübersetzungen,Anglia,IV,Anzeiger, 69-80.1886Gummere, F. B.The translation of Beowulf, and the relations of ancient and modern English verse,Amer. Jour. of Phil.VII, 46-78. (A weighty argument for translation into "the original metre.")1891Garnett, J. M.The translation of A.S. poetry,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.VI, 95-105. (Agreeing in the main with Gummere.)1897Frye, P. H.The translation of Beowulf,M.L.N.XII, 79-82. (Advocating blank verse.)1898Fulton, E.On translating A.S. poetry,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XIII, 286-96. (Recommending an irregular four-accent line.)1903Garnett, J. M.Recent translations of O.E. poetry,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XVIII, 445-58.1903Tinker, C. B.The translations of Beowulf. A critical bibliography.Yale Studies in English. New York. Reviews: Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.V, 116-8; Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,XVI, 291-2.1909Child, G. C."Gummere's Oldest English Epic,"M.L.N.XXIV, 253-4. (A criticism advocating prose translation.)1910Gummere, F. B.Translation of Old English Verse,M.L.N.XXV, 61-3. (Advocating alliterative verse.) Reply byChild,M.L.N.XXV, 157-8. See also reviews of Gummere, under year 1909, below.1918Leonard, W. E.Beowulf and the Niebelungen couplet,Univ. of Wisconsin Studies in Language and Literature,II, 99-152.1805Turner, Sharon.History of the manners ... poetry ... and language of the Anglo-Saxons. London. (From p. 398 to p. 408 is a summary, with translations, of Beowulf, Prol.-VIII. Turner was misled as to the subject of the poem, because a leaf had been misplaced in theMS, so that the account of the fighting between Grendel and Beowulf (ll. 740-82) occurred immediately after l. 91. The struggle between Beowulf and an (unnamed) adversary being thus made to follow the account of Hrothgar's court at Heorot, Turner was led to suppose that the poem narrated the attempt of Beowulf to avengeon Hrothgarthe feud for a homicide he had committed. "The transition," Turner not unreasonably complains, "is rather violent." The correct placing of the shifted leaf is due to Thorkelin.)1815Thorkelin, G. J.[Latin version in his edition, q.v.] The reviewers gave summaries of the poem, with translations of portions of it: English in theMonthly Review,LXXXI, 1816, 516-23 (less inaccurate than Turner's summary); Danish in theDansk Litteratur-Tidende, 1815, 401-32, 437-46, and by Grundtvig in theNyeste Skilderie(see below,§ 7); Swedish inIduna,VII, 1817, 133-59.1819Grundtvig, N. F. S.Stykker af Skjoldung-Kvadet eller Bjovulfs Minde,Dannevirke,IV, 234-62.1820Grundtvig, N. F. S.Bjowulfs Drape, Kjøbenhavn. (Free rhymed translation of Beowulf: Finnsburg rendered into short lines, unrhymed: Introduction and most important critical notes.) Review: J. Grimm inGött. Anzeigen, 1823 =Kleinere Schriften,IV, 178-86. For second edit., see 1865.1820Turner, Sharon.History of the Anglo-Saxons ... third edit. London. (Vol.III, pp. 325-48, contains a summary, with translations, of the earlier part of the poem, much less inaccurate than that of 1805.)1826Conybeare, J. J.Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon poetry. London. (Pp. 35-136 contain a summary of Beowulf, with blank verse transl. and the corresponding text in A.S. and Latin; pp. 175-82, Finnsburg, text with transl. into Latin and into English verse.)1832Grundtvig, N. F. S.Nordens mythologi. Anden Udgave. Kiöbenhavn. (Pp. 571-94 give a summary of the Beowulf-stories. This was, of course, wanting in the first edit. of 1808.)1837Kemble, J. M.Translation ... with ... glossary, preface and notes. London. (The "postscript to the preface" in which Kemble supplemented and corrected the "Historical Preface" to his edition of 1833, is the basis of the mythological explanations of Beowulf as an Anglian god, Beowa.)1839Leo, H.[Summary with translation of extracts.] See§ 8, below.1840Ettmüller, L.Beowulf, stabreimend übersetzt, mit Einleitung und Anmerkungen (Finnsburg, pp. 36-8). Zürich.1845Longfellow, H. W.The Poets and Poetry of Europe. Philadelphia. (Pp. 8-10 contain transl. of extracts from Beowulf.)1847Schaldemose, F.[Danish transl. of Beowulf and Finnsburg, in his edit., q.v.]1849Wackerbarth, A. D.Beowulf, translated into English verse. London. (Imitation of Scott's metre.)1855Thorpe, B.[In his edit., q.v.]1857Uhland, L.[Prose transl. of Finnsburg.]Germania,II, 354-5.1857Grein, C. W. M.Dichtungen der Angelsachsen, stabreimend übersetzt. Göttingen. (Vol.I, pp. 222—308, Beowulf, trans. into alliterative verse.)

1881Wülker, R. P.Besprechung der Beowulfübersetzungen,Anglia,IV,Anzeiger, 69-80.

1886Gummere, F. B.The translation of Beowulf, and the relations of ancient and modern English verse,Amer. Jour. of Phil.VII, 46-78. (A weighty argument for translation into "the original metre.")

1891Garnett, J. M.The translation of A.S. poetry,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.VI, 95-105. (Agreeing in the main with Gummere.)

1897Frye, P. H.The translation of Beowulf,M.L.N.XII, 79-82. (Advocating blank verse.)

1898Fulton, E.On translating A.S. poetry,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XIII, 286-96. (Recommending an irregular four-accent line.)

1903Garnett, J. M.Recent translations of O.E. poetry,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XVIII, 445-58.

1903Tinker, C. B.The translations of Beowulf. A critical bibliography.Yale Studies in English. New York. Reviews: Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.V, 116-8; Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,XVI, 291-2.

1909Child, G. C."Gummere's Oldest English Epic,"M.L.N.XXIV, 253-4. (A criticism advocating prose translation.)

1910Gummere, F. B.Translation of Old English Verse,M.L.N.XXV, 61-3. (Advocating alliterative verse.) Reply byChild,M.L.N.XXV, 157-8. See also reviews of Gummere, under year 1909, below.

1918Leonard, W. E.Beowulf and the Niebelungen couplet,Univ. of Wisconsin Studies in Language and Literature,II, 99-152.

1805Turner, Sharon.History of the manners ... poetry ... and language of the Anglo-Saxons. London. (From p. 398 to p. 408 is a summary, with translations, of Beowulf, Prol.-VIII. Turner was misled as to the subject of the poem, because a leaf had been misplaced in theMS, so that the account of the fighting between Grendel and Beowulf (ll. 740-82) occurred immediately after l. 91. The struggle between Beowulf and an (unnamed) adversary being thus made to follow the account of Hrothgar's court at Heorot, Turner was led to suppose that the poem narrated the attempt of Beowulf to avengeon Hrothgarthe feud for a homicide he had committed. "The transition," Turner not unreasonably complains, "is rather violent." The correct placing of the shifted leaf is due to Thorkelin.)

1815Thorkelin, G. J.[Latin version in his edition, q.v.] The reviewers gave summaries of the poem, with translations of portions of it: English in theMonthly Review,LXXXI, 1816, 516-23 (less inaccurate than Turner's summary); Danish in theDansk Litteratur-Tidende, 1815, 401-32, 437-46, and by Grundtvig in theNyeste Skilderie(see below,§ 7); Swedish inIduna,VII, 1817, 133-59.

1819Grundtvig, N. F. S.Stykker af Skjoldung-Kvadet eller Bjovulfs Minde,Dannevirke,IV, 234-62.

1820Grundtvig, N. F. S.Bjowulfs Drape, Kjøbenhavn. (Free rhymed translation of Beowulf: Finnsburg rendered into short lines, unrhymed: Introduction and most important critical notes.) Review: J. Grimm inGött. Anzeigen, 1823 =Kleinere Schriften,IV, 178-86. For second edit., see 1865.

1820Turner, Sharon.History of the Anglo-Saxons ... third edit. London. (Vol.III, pp. 325-48, contains a summary, with translations, of the earlier part of the poem, much less inaccurate than that of 1805.)

1826Conybeare, J. J.Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon poetry. London. (Pp. 35-136 contain a summary of Beowulf, with blank verse transl. and the corresponding text in A.S. and Latin; pp. 175-82, Finnsburg, text with transl. into Latin and into English verse.)

1832Grundtvig, N. F. S.Nordens mythologi. Anden Udgave. Kiöbenhavn. (Pp. 571-94 give a summary of the Beowulf-stories. This was, of course, wanting in the first edit. of 1808.)

1837Kemble, J. M.Translation ... with ... glossary, preface and notes. London. (The "postscript to the preface" in which Kemble supplemented and corrected the "Historical Preface" to his edition of 1833, is the basis of the mythological explanations of Beowulf as an Anglian god, Beowa.)

1839Leo, H.[Summary with translation of extracts.] See§ 8, below.

1840Ettmüller, L.Beowulf, stabreimend übersetzt, mit Einleitung und Anmerkungen (Finnsburg, pp. 36-8). Zürich.

1845Longfellow, H. W.The Poets and Poetry of Europe. Philadelphia. (Pp. 8-10 contain transl. of extracts from Beowulf.)

1847Schaldemose, F.[Danish transl. of Beowulf and Finnsburg, in his edit., q.v.]

1849Wackerbarth, A. D.Beowulf, translated into English verse. London. (Imitation of Scott's metre.)

1855Thorpe, B.[In his edit., q.v.]

1857Uhland, L.[Prose transl. of Finnsburg.]Germania,II, 354-5.

1857Grein, C. W. M.Dichtungen der Angelsachsen, stabreimend übersetzt. Göttingen. (Vol.I, pp. 222—308, Beowulf, trans. into alliterative verse.)

1883. 2 Aufl. [Incorporating Grein's manuscript corrections, seen through the press by Wülker.] Cassel. Review: Krüger,Engl. Stud.VIII, 139—42.

1859Simrock, K.Beowulf übersetzt u. erläutert. Stuttgart u. Augsburg. (Alliterative verse: Finnsburg Fragment inserted after l. 1124.)1859Sandras, G. S.De carminibus anglo-saxonicis Caedmoni adjudicatis. Paris. (Pp. 8—10 contain extract from Beowulf and Latin transl.)1861Haigh, D. H.(Prose transl. of Finnsburg.) InAnglo-Saxon Sagas,pp. 32—3, q.v.1863Heyne, M.Beowulf übersetzt. Paderborn. (Blank verse.) Review: Holtzmann,Germania,VIII, 506—7.

1859Simrock, K.Beowulf übersetzt u. erläutert. Stuttgart u. Augsburg. (Alliterative verse: Finnsburg Fragment inserted after l. 1124.)

1859Sandras, G. S.De carminibus anglo-saxonicis Caedmoni adjudicatis. Paris. (Pp. 8—10 contain extract from Beowulf and Latin transl.)

1861Haigh, D. H.(Prose transl. of Finnsburg.) InAnglo-Saxon Sagas,pp. 32—3, q.v.

1863Heyne, M.Beowulf übersetzt. Paderborn. (Blank verse.) Review: Holtzmann,Germania,VIII, 506—7.

1897—8. 2 Aufl. Paderborn. Reviews: Holthausen,Archiv,CIII,

373—6; Wülker,Anglia, Beiblatt,IX, 1; Jantzen,Engl. Stud.XXV,271—3; Löhner,Z.f.ö.G.XLIX, 563.

373—6; Wülker,Anglia, Beiblatt,IX, 1; Jantzen,Engl. Stud.XXV,

271—3; Löhner,Z.f.ö.G.XLIX, 563.

1915. 3 Aufl. Paderborn.

1865Grundtvig, N. F. S.Bjovulfs-Drapen. Anden Udgave.1872von Wolzogen, H.Beovulf aus dem ags. Leipzig. (Verse.)1876Arnold, T.[In his edit., q.v.]1877Botkine, L.Beowulf traduite en français. Havre. (Prose: some omissions.) Review: Körner,Engl. Stud.II, 248—51.1881Zinsser, G.Der Kampf Beowulfs mit Grendel [vv. 1—836] als Probe einer metrischen Uebersetzung. Saarbrücken. Reviews:Archiv,LXVIII, 446; Krüger,Engl. Stud.VII, 370—2.1881Lumsden, H. W.Beowulf ... transl. into modern rhymes. London. (Some omissions.) Reviews:Athenæum, April 1881, p. 587; Garnett,Amer. Jour. of Phil.II, 355—61; Wülker,Anglia,IV,Anzeiger, 69—80.

1865Grundtvig, N. F. S.Bjovulfs-Drapen. Anden Udgave.

1872von Wolzogen, H.Beovulf aus dem ags. Leipzig. (Verse.)

1876Arnold, T.[In his edit., q.v.]

1877Botkine, L.Beowulf traduite en français. Havre. (Prose: some omissions.) Review: Körner,Engl. Stud.II, 248—51.

1881Zinsser, G.Der Kampf Beowulfs mit Grendel [vv. 1—836] als Probe einer metrischen Uebersetzung. Saarbrücken. Reviews:Archiv,LXVIII, 446; Krüger,Engl. Stud.VII, 370—2.

1881Lumsden, H. W.Beowulf ... transl. into modern rhymes. London. (Some omissions.) Reviews:Athenæum, April 1881, p. 587; Garnett,Amer. Jour. of Phil.II, 355—61; Wülker,Anglia,IV,Anzeiger, 69—80.

1883. ‡Second edit. Review: York Powell,Academy, XXVI, 1884, pp. 220—1.

1882Schuhmann, G.Beovulf, antichissimo poema epico de' popoli germanici.Giornale Napoletano di filosofia e lettere. AnnoIV, vol. 7, 25—36, 175—190. (A summary only.)1882Garnett, J. M.Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, translated. Boston, U.S.A. Reviews:Nation(New York), No. 919, 1883; Harrison,Amer. Jour. of Phil.IV, 84—6, reply by Garnett, 243—6; Schipper,Anglia,VI,Anzeiger, 120—4; Krüger,Engl. Stud.VIII, 133—8, and (second edit.)IX, 151; Bright,Literaturblatt, 1883, 386—7.

1882Schuhmann, G.Beovulf, antichissimo poema epico de' popoli germanici.Giornale Napoletano di filosofia e lettere. AnnoIV, vol. 7, 25—36, 175—190. (A summary only.)

1882Garnett, J. M.Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, translated. Boston, U.S.A. Reviews:Nation(New York), No. 919, 1883; Harrison,Amer. Jour. of Phil.IV, 84—6, reply by Garnett, 243—6; Schipper,Anglia,VI,Anzeiger, 120—4; Krüger,Engl. Stud.VIII, 133—8, and (second edit.)IX, 151; Bright,Literaturblatt, 1883, 386—7.

1885. Second edit., revised.1900. Fourth edit.

1885. Second edit., revised.

1900. Fourth edit.

1883Grion, Giusto. Beovulf, poema epico anglòsassone del VII secolo, tradotto e illustrato. In theAtti della reale Accademia Lucchese,XXII. (First Italian translation.) Review: Krüger,Engl. Stud.IX, 64—77.1889 ‡Wickberg, R.Beowulf, en fornengelsk hjältedikt översatt. Westervik.

1889 ‡Wickberg, R.Beowulf, en fornengelsk hjältedikt översatt. Westervik.

1914. ‡Second edit. Upsala. Review: Kock,A.f.n.F.XXXII, 223—4.

1892Hall, John Lesslie. Beowulf translated. (Verse, with notes.) Boston, U.S.A. Reviews:M.L.N.VII, 128, 1892 (brief mention); Miller,Viking Club Year Book,I, 91—2; Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,IV, 33—6; Glöde,Engl. Stud.XIX, 257—60.

1893. ‡Student's edit.

1892 (1891)Earle, John. The deeds of Beowulf. Oxford. (Prose translation, somewhat spoilt by its artificial and sometimes grotesque vocabulary; very valuable introduction, with summary of the controversy to date,and notes.) Reviews:Athenæum, 1 Oct. 1892; Koeppel,Engl. Stud.XVIII, 93-5 (fair, though rather severe).1893Hoffmann, P.Beówulf ... aus dem angelsächsischen übertragen. Züllichau. (In the measure of the Nibelungenlied; ind. Finnsburg.) Reviews (mostly unfavourable): Shipley,M.L.N.IX, 121-3, 1894; Wülker,Anglia, Beiblatt,V, 67; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1894, p. 1930; Glöde,Engl. Stud.XIX, 412-5; ‡Detter,Öster. Literaturblatt,V, 9; ‡Marold,Deut. Literaturblatt,XXIII, 332.

1893Hoffmann, P.Beówulf ... aus dem angelsächsischen übertragen. Züllichau. (In the measure of the Nibelungenlied; ind. Finnsburg.) Reviews (mostly unfavourable): Shipley,M.L.N.IX, 121-3, 1894; Wülker,Anglia, Beiblatt,V, 67; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1894, p. 1930; Glöde,Engl. Stud.XIX, 412-5; ‡Detter,Öster. Literaturblatt,V, 9; ‡Marold,Deut. Literaturblatt,XXIII, 332.

1900. ‡Second edit. Hannover.

1895Morris, W.andWyatt, A. J.The Tale of Beowulf. Kelmscott Press, Hammersmith. (Verse: archaic vocabulary.)

1898. New edit. Review: Hulme,M.L.N.XV, 22-6, 1900.

1896Simons, L.Beówulf ... vertaald in stafrijm en met inleiding en aanteekeningen. Gent (Koninklijke vlaamsche Academie). Reviews: Glöde,Engl. Stud.XXV, 270-1; Uhlenbeck,Museum(Groningen),V, 217-8.1898Steineck, H.Altenglische Dichtungen (Beowulf, Elene, u.a.) in wortgetreuer Übersetzung. Leipzig. (Prose, line for line.) Reviews: Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,IX, 220-2; Holthausen,Archiv,CIII, 376-8 (both very unfavourable).1901Hall, J. R. Clark.Beowulf and the fight at Finnsburg. A translation into modern English prose. London. Reviews:Athenæum, 1901, July, p. 56;Academy,LX, 1901, 342; Stedman,Viking Club Year Book,III, 72-4; Tinker,J.E.G.Ph.IV, 379-81; Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XIII, 225-8; Dibelius,Archiv,CIX, 403-4; Vietor,Die neueren Sprachen,XI, 439; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1902, 30-1 ("sehr zu empfehlen").

1896Simons, L.Beówulf ... vertaald in stafrijm en met inleiding en aanteekeningen. Gent (Koninklijke vlaamsche Academie). Reviews: Glöde,Engl. Stud.XXV, 270-1; Uhlenbeck,Museum(Groningen),V, 217-8.

1898Steineck, H.Altenglische Dichtungen (Beowulf, Elene, u.a.) in wortgetreuer Übersetzung. Leipzig. (Prose, line for line.) Reviews: Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,IX, 220-2; Holthausen,Archiv,CIII, 376-8 (both very unfavourable).

1901Hall, J. R. Clark.Beowulf and the fight at Finnsburg. A translation into modern English prose. London. Reviews:Athenæum, 1901, July, p. 56;Academy,LX, 1901, 342; Stedman,Viking Club Year Book,III, 72-4; Tinker,J.E.G.Ph.IV, 379-81; Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XIII, 225-8; Dibelius,Archiv,CIX, 403-4; Vietor,Die neueren Sprachen,XI, 439; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1902, 30-1 ("sehr zu empfehlen").

1911 (q.v.). New edit., with considerable additions.

1902Tinker, C. B.Beowulf translated out of the Old English. New York. (Prose.) Reviews: Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.V, 91-3; Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XIV, 7.1903 ‡Björkman, E.Swedish transl. (prose) of Beowulf, PartII(in Schück'sVärldslitteraturen, with introd. by Schück).1903-4Trautmann, M., in his editions, q.v.1904Child, C. G.Beowulf and the Finnesburh Fragment translated. London and Boston. Reviews: Grattan,M.L.R.III, 303-4 ("a good prose translation which steers an even course between pseudo-archaisms and modern colloquialisms"); Miller,Viking Club Year Book,I, 91-2; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XVI, 225-7; Brandl,Archiv,CXXI, 473.1904 ‡Hansen, A.Transl. into Danish of Beowulf, ll. 491-924,Danske Tidsskrift.1905Vogt, P.Beowulf ... übersetzt. Halle. (Text rearranged according to theories of interpolation: Finnsburg Fragment translated, following Möller's text.) Reviews: Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXI, 289-91; Eichler,Z.f.ö.G.LVII, 908-10; Klaeber,Archiv,CXVII, 408-10: Jantzen,Lit. Cbl.1906, 257-8.1906Gering, H.Beowulf nebst dem Finnsburg-Bruchstück übersetzt. Heidelberg. (Verse.) Reviews: Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.VII, 129-33 ("thoroughly scholarly"); Jantzen,Lit. Cbl.1907, 64-5; Ries,A.f.d.A.XXXIII, 143-7; Binz,Literaturblatt,XXXI, 397-8 ("Fliessend und ungezwungen, sinngetreu ..."); ‡Zehme,Monatsschrift,XIV, 597-600; v. Grienberger,Z.f.ö.G.1908,LIX, 423-8.

1902Tinker, C. B.Beowulf translated out of the Old English. New York. (Prose.) Reviews: Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.V, 91-3; Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XIV, 7.

1903 ‡Björkman, E.Swedish transl. (prose) of Beowulf, PartII(in Schück'sVärldslitteraturen, with introd. by Schück).

1903-4Trautmann, M., in his editions, q.v.

1904Child, C. G.Beowulf and the Finnesburh Fragment translated. London and Boston. Reviews: Grattan,M.L.R.III, 303-4 ("a good prose translation which steers an even course between pseudo-archaisms and modern colloquialisms"); Miller,Viking Club Year Book,I, 91-2; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XVI, 225-7; Brandl,Archiv,CXXI, 473.

1904 ‡Hansen, A.Transl. into Danish of Beowulf, ll. 491-924,Danske Tidsskrift.

1905Vogt, P.Beowulf ... übersetzt. Halle. (Text rearranged according to theories of interpolation: Finnsburg Fragment translated, following Möller's text.) Reviews: Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXI, 289-91; Eichler,Z.f.ö.G.LVII, 908-10; Klaeber,Archiv,CXVII, 408-10: Jantzen,Lit. Cbl.1906, 257-8.

1906Gering, H.Beowulf nebst dem Finnsburg-Bruchstück übersetzt. Heidelberg. (Verse.) Reviews: Lawrence,J.E.G.Ph.VII, 129-33 ("thoroughly scholarly"); Jantzen,Lit. Cbl.1907, 64-5; Ries,A.f.d.A.XXXIII, 143-7; Binz,Literaturblatt,XXXI, 397-8 ("Fliessend und ungezwungen, sinngetreu ..."); ‡Zehme,Monatsschrift,XIV, 597-600; v. Grienberger,Z.f.ö.G.1908,LIX, 423-8.

1914. 2 Aufl.

1907Huyshe, W.Beowulf ... translated into ... prose ("Appendix: The Fight at Finn's burgh"). London. ("Translation," to quote Clark Hall, "apparently such as might have been compiled from previous translations by a person ignorant of Ags. Some original mistakes.") Reviews:Athenæum, 1907,II, 96 ("Mr Huyshe displays sad ignorance of OldEnglish ... but an assiduous study of the work of his predecessors has preserved him from misrepresenting seriously the general sense of the text");Notes and Queries, Ser.X, vol.VIII, 58; Garnett,Amer. Jnl. Philol.XXIX, 344-6; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XIX, 257.1909Gummere, F. B.The oldest English Epic. Beowulf, Finnsburg, Waldere, Deor and the German Hildebrand, translated in the original metres. New York. Reviews:Athenæum, 1909,II, 151; Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXXIII, 353-60 (metrical debate); Sedgefield,Engl. Stud.XLI, 402-3 (discussing possibility of reproducing in Mod. Eng. the Old Eng. alliterative verse-rhythm); Derocquigny,Revue Germanique,VI, 356-7; see also above, p. 390.1910Hansen, Adolf.Bjovulf, oversat af A. Hansen, og efter hans død gået efter og fuldført samt forsynet med en inledning og en oversættelse af brudstykket om kampen i Finsborg, af Viggo Julius von Holstein Rathlou; udgivet ved Oskar Hansen. København og Kristiania. An account of this translation, by v. Holstein Rathlou, inTilskueren, June, 1910, pp. 557-62; Review: Olrik,Danske Studier, 1910, 112-13.1911Clark Hall, J. R.Beowulf and the Finnsburg Fragment. A translation into Modern English Prose. London. Reviews: Mawer,M.L.R.VI, 542 ("probably the best working translation that we have, enriched by a valuable introduction and excellent appendices");Academy, 1911,I, 225-6; Björkman,Engl. Stud.XLIV, 127-8;Archiv,CXXVI, 492-3; Binz,Literaturblatt,XXXII, 232.1912Pierquin, H.Le poème Anglo-Saxon de Beowulf. (An extraordinary piece of work; the version mainly follows Kemble's text, which is reproduced, but with many misprints: Kemble'sSaxons in Englandis translated by way of introduction. The Finnsburg Fragment is included.) Reviews:Academy, 1912,II, 509-10 (seems to regard Pierquin as author ofLes Saxons en Angleterre); Sedgefield,M.L.R.VIII, 550-2; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 138-9; Imelmann,D.L.Z.XXXIV(1913), 1062-3 (very unfavourable); ‡Luick,Mitt. d. inst. f. österr. gesch.-forsch.XXXVI, 401; ‡Barat,Moyen Âge,XXVI(see. ser.XVII), 298-302.1913Kirtlan, E. J.The Story of Beowulf. London. (A fair specimen of the less scholarly translations; nicely got up and not exceedingly incorrect.) Reviews:Athenæum, 1914,II, 71; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXVII, 129-31.1914Clark Hall, J. R.Beowulf: a metrical translation. Cambridge. (Not so successful as the same writer's prose translation.) Reviews: Sedgefield,M.L.R.X, 387-9 (discussing the principles of metrical translation); Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXVI, 170-2.1915Olivero, F.Traduzioni dalla Poesia Anglo-sassone. Bari. (Pp. 73-119, extracts from Beowulf.) Review:M.L.R.XI, 509.1916 ‡Benedetti, A.La canzone di Beowulf, poema epico anglo-sassone delVIsecolo. Versione italiana, con introduzione e note. Palermo.1918Leonard, W. E.[Specimen, PassusIX, of forthcoming transl., in the measure of the Nibelungenlied.] InUniv. of Wisconsin Studies,II, 149-52; see above.

1909Gummere, F. B.The oldest English Epic. Beowulf, Finnsburg, Waldere, Deor and the German Hildebrand, translated in the original metres. New York. Reviews:Athenæum, 1909,II, 151; Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXXIII, 353-60 (metrical debate); Sedgefield,Engl. Stud.XLI, 402-3 (discussing possibility of reproducing in Mod. Eng. the Old Eng. alliterative verse-rhythm); Derocquigny,Revue Germanique,VI, 356-7; see also above, p. 390.

1910Hansen, Adolf.Bjovulf, oversat af A. Hansen, og efter hans død gået efter og fuldført samt forsynet med en inledning og en oversættelse af brudstykket om kampen i Finsborg, af Viggo Julius von Holstein Rathlou; udgivet ved Oskar Hansen. København og Kristiania. An account of this translation, by v. Holstein Rathlou, inTilskueren, June, 1910, pp. 557-62; Review: Olrik,Danske Studier, 1910, 112-13.

1911Clark Hall, J. R.Beowulf and the Finnsburg Fragment. A translation into Modern English Prose. London. Reviews: Mawer,M.L.R.VI, 542 ("probably the best working translation that we have, enriched by a valuable introduction and excellent appendices");Academy, 1911,I, 225-6; Björkman,Engl. Stud.XLIV, 127-8;Archiv,CXXVI, 492-3; Binz,Literaturblatt,XXXII, 232.

1912Pierquin, H.Le poème Anglo-Saxon de Beowulf. (An extraordinary piece of work; the version mainly follows Kemble's text, which is reproduced, but with many misprints: Kemble'sSaxons in Englandis translated by way of introduction. The Finnsburg Fragment is included.) Reviews:Academy, 1912,II, 509-10 (seems to regard Pierquin as author ofLes Saxons en Angleterre); Sedgefield,M.L.R.VIII, 550-2; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 138-9; Imelmann,D.L.Z.XXXIV(1913), 1062-3 (very unfavourable); ‡Luick,Mitt. d. inst. f. österr. gesch.-forsch.XXXVI, 401; ‡Barat,Moyen Âge,XXVI(see. ser.XVII), 298-302.

1913Kirtlan, E. J.The Story of Beowulf. London. (A fair specimen of the less scholarly translations; nicely got up and not exceedingly incorrect.) Reviews:Athenæum, 1914,II, 71; Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXVII, 129-31.

1914Clark Hall, J. R.Beowulf: a metrical translation. Cambridge. (Not so successful as the same writer's prose translation.) Reviews: Sedgefield,M.L.R.X, 387-9 (discussing the principles of metrical translation); Klaeber,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXVI, 170-2.

1915Olivero, F.Traduzioni dalla Poesia Anglo-sassone. Bari. (Pp. 73-119, extracts from Beowulf.) Review:M.L.R.XI, 509.

1916 ‡Benedetti, A.La canzone di Beowulf, poema epico anglo-sassone delVIsecolo. Versione italiana, con introduzione e note. Palermo.

1918Leonard, W. E.[Specimen, PassusIX, of forthcoming transl., in the measure of the Nibelungenlied.] InUniv. of Wisconsin Studies,II, 149-52; see above.

A translation of Beowulf into the Norwegian "landsmaal," byH. Rytter, will appear shortly.

Popular paraphrases of Beowulf are not included in the above list. An account will be found in Tinker'sTranslationsof those of E. H. Jones (inCox'sPopular Romances, 1871); J. Gibb, 1881-4; Wägner-MacDowall, 1883etc.; Miss Z. A. Ragozin, 1898, 1900; A. J. Church, 1898; Miss C. L. Thomson, 1899, 1904. Mention may also be made of those of ‡F. A. Turner, 1894; H. E. Marshall, 1908; T. Cartwright, 1908; Prof. J. H. Cox, 1910. An illustrated summary oftheBeowulfstory was issued by Mr W. T. Stead in his penny "Books for the Bairns." The versions of Miss Thomson and Prof. Cox are both good. The paraphrase in theCanadian Monthly,II, 83 (1872), attributed in several bibliographies to Earle, is assuredly not the work of that scholar: it is an inaccurate version based upon Jones. An account will be found in Tinker of the German paraphrase of Therese Dahn, 1883etc.; mention may also be made of those of J. Arnheim, 1871; ‡ F. Bässler, sec. edit. 1875 (praised highly by Klaeber inJ.E.G.Ph.V, 118).

§ 7. TEXTUAL CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION

1815Grundtvig, N. F. S.Et Par Ord om det nys udkomne angelsaxiske Digt.Nyeste Skilderie af Kjøbenhavn, No. 60etc., cols. 945, 998, 1009, 1025, 1045; Nok et Par Ord om Bjovulfs Drape, 1106, 1121, 1139 (comment upon Thorkelin's text and translation).1815Thorkelin, G. J.Reply to Grundtvig inNyeste Skilderie, cols. 1057, 1073. (There were further articles in the same magazine, but they were purely personal.)1820Grundtvig, N. F. S.Emendations to Thorkelin's text, added toBjowulfs Drape, 267-312.1826Conybeare, J. J.Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon poetry. London. (Beowulf and "Finnsborough," pp. 30-182.)1859Bouterwek, K. W.Zur Kritik des Beowulfliedes,Z.f.d.A.XI, 59-113.1859Dietrich, F.Rettungen,Z.f.d.A.XI, 409-20.1863Holtzmann, A.Zu Beowulf,Germania,VIII, 489-97. (Incl. Finnsburg.)1865Grein, C. W. M.Zur Textkritik der angelsächsischen Dichter: Finnsburg,Germania,X, 422.1868-9Bugge, Sophus.Spredte iagttagelser vedkommende de oldengelske digte om Beówulf og Waldere;Tidskrift for Philologi og Pædagogik,VIII, 40-78 and 287-307 (incl. Finnsburg, 304-5). Important.1871Rieger, M.Zum Beowulf,Z.f.d.Ph.III, 381-416.1873Bugge, S.Zum Beowulf,Z.f.d.Ph.IV, 192-224.1880Kölbing, E.Kleine Beiträge (Beowulf, 168, 169),Engl. Stud.III, 92etc.1882Kluge, F.Sprachhistorische Miscellen (Beowulf, 63, 1027, 1235, 1267),P.B.B.VIII, 532-5.1882Cosijn, P. J.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.VIII, 568-74.1883Sievers, E.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.IX, 135-44, 370.1883Kluge, F.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.IX, 187-92.1883Krüger, Th.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.IX, 571-8.1889Miller, T.The position of Grendel's arm in Heorot,Anglia,XII, 396-400.1890Joseph, E.Zwei Versversetzungen im Beowulf,Z.f.d.Ph.XXII, 385-97.1891Schröer, A.Zur texterklärung des Beowulf,Anglia,XIII, 333-48.1891-2Cosijn, P. J.Aanteekeningen op den Beowulf. Leiden. (Important.) Reviews: Lübke,A.f.d.A.XIX, 341-2; Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1895, p. 82.1892Sievers, E.Zur texterklärung des Beowulf,Anglia,XIV, 133-46.1895Bright, J. W.Notes on the Beowulf (ll. 30, 306, 386-7, 623, 737),M.L.N.X, 43-4.1899Trautmann, M.Berichtigungen, Vermutungen und Erklärungen zum Beowulf (ll. 1-1215).Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik,II, 121-92. Reviews: Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,XIV, 358-60; Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1900, 62-4 (important). See Sievers,P.B.B.XXVII, 572;XXVIII, 271.1901Klaeber, F.A few Beowulf notes (ll. 459, 847etc., 1206, 3024etc., 3171);M.L.N.XVI, 14-18.1902Klaeber, F.Zum Beowulf (497-8; 1745-7),Archiv,CVIII, 368-70.1902Klaeber, F.Beowulf's character,M.L.N.XVII, 162.1903Krackow, O.Zu Beowulf, 1225, 2222,Archiv,CXI, 171-2.1904Bryant, F. E.Beowulf, 62,M.L.N.XIX, 121-2.1904Abbott, W. C.Hrothulf,M.L.N.XIX, 122-5. (Abbott suggests that Hrothulf is the name—missing in whole or part from l. 62—of the husband of the daughter of Healfdene. This suggestion is quite untenable, for many reasons: Hrothulf (Rolf Kraki) is a Dane, and the missing husband is a Swede: but the article led to a long controversy between Bryant and Klaeber; seeM.L.N.XX, 9-11;XXI, 143, 255;XXII, 96, 160. Klaeber is undoubtedly right.)1904Krapp, G. B.Miscellaneous Notes:Scūrheard;M.L.N.XIX, 234.1904Sievers, E.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.XXIX, 305-31. (Criticism of Trautmann's emendations.)1904Kock, E. A.Interpretations and Emendations of Early English Texts:III(Beowulf),Anglia,XXVII, 218-37.1904Sievers, E.Zum Beowulf (l. 5, Criticism of Kock),P.B.B.XXIX, 560-76. Reply by Kock,Anglia,XXVIII(1905), 140-2.1905Trautmann, M.Auch zum Beowulf: ein gruss an herren Eduard Sievers,Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik,XVII, 143-74. (Reply to Sievers' criticism of Trautmann's conjectural emendations.) Review: Klaeber,M.L.N.XXII, 252.1905Swiggett, G. L.Notes on the Finnsburg fragment,M.L.N.XX, 169-71.1905Klaeber, F.Notizen zur texterklärung des Beowulf,Anglia,XXVIII, 439-47 (incl. Finnsburg); Zum Beowulf, the same, 448-56.1905Klaeber, F.Bemerkungen zum Beowulf,Archiv,CXV, 178-82. (Incl. Finnsburg.)1905Holthausen, F.Beiträge zur Erklärung des altengl. epos.I, Zum Beowulf;II, Zum Finnsburg-fragment;Z.f.d.Ph.XXXVII, 113-25.1905-6Klaeber, F.Studies in the Textual Interpretation of "Beowulf,"Mod. Phil.III, 235-66, 445-65 (Most important).1906Child, C. G.Beowulf, 30, 53, 132 (i.e. 1323), 2957,M.L.N.XXI, 175-7, 198-200.1906Horn, W.Textkritische Bemerkungen (Beowulf, 69etc.),Anglia,XXIX, 130-1.1906Klaeber, F.Notizen zum Beowulf,Anglia,XXIX, 378-82.1907Klaeber, F.Minor Notes on the Beowulf,J.E.G.Ph.VI, 190-6.1908Tinker, C. B.Notes on Beowulf,M.L.N.XXIII, 239-40.1908Klaeber, F.Zum Beowulf,Engl. Stud.XXXIX, 463-7.1909Klaeber, F.Textual Notes on Beowulf,J.E.G.Ph.VIII, 254-9.1910von Grienberger, T.Bemerkungen zum Beowulf,P.B.B.XXXVI, 77-101. (Incl. Finnsburg.)1910Sievers, E.Gegenbemerkungen zum Beowulf,P.B.B.XXXVI, 397-434. (Incl. Finnsburg.)1910Sedgefield, W. J.Notes on "Beowulf,"M.L.R.V, 286-8.1910Trautmann, M.Beiträge zu einem künftigen "Sprachschatz der altenglischen Dichter,"Anglia,XXXIII, 276-9 (gedræg).1911Blackburn, F. A.Note on Beowulf, 1591-1617,Mod. Phil.IX, 555-66. (Argues that a loose leaf has been misplaced and the order of events thus disturbed.)1911Klaeber, F.Zur Texterklärung des Beowulf, vv. 767, 1129,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXII, 372-4.1912Hart, J. M.Beowulf, 168-9,M.L.N.XXVII, 198.1912-14Grein, C. W. M.Sprachschatz der angelsächsischen dichter. Unter mitwirkung von F. Holthausen neu herausgegeben von J. J. Köhler. Heidelberg. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 36-43; Schücking,Engl. Stud.XLIX, 113-5.1915Chambers, R. W.The "Shifted leaf" in Beowulf,M.L.R.X, 37-41. (Points out that the alleged "confused order of events" is that also followed in the Grettis saga.)1916Green, A.The opening of the episode of Finn in Beowulf,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XXXI, 759-97.1916Bright, J. W.Anglo-Saxonumborandseld-guma,M.L.N.XXXI, 82-4; Beowulf, 489-90,M.L.N.XXXI, 217-23.1917Green, A.An episode in Ongenþeow's fall,M.L.R.XII, 340-3.1917Hollander, L. M.Beowulf, 33,M.L.N.XXXII, 246-7. (Suggests the readingītig.)1917Holthausen, F.Zu altenglischen Denkmälern—Beowulf, 1140,Engl. Stud.LI, 180.1918Hubbard, F. G.Beowulf, 1598, 1996, 2026: uses of the impersonal verbgeweorþan,J.E.G.Ph.XVII, 119.1918Kock, E. A.Interpretations and emendations of early English Texts:IV, Beowulf,Anglia,XLII, 99-124. (Important.)1918 ‡Kock, E. A.Jubilee Jaunts and Jottings, in theLunds univ. årsskrift, N. F. avd. I, bd. 14, nr. 26 (Festskrift vid ... 250-årsjubileum). Reviews: Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXX, 1-5; Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.XIX, 409-13.1919Moore, Samuel.Beowulf Notes (Textual),J.E.G.Ph.XVIII, 205-16.1919Klaeber, F.Concerning the functions of O.E.geweorðan,J.E.G.Ph.XVIII, 250-71. (Cf. paper of Prof. Hubbard above, by which this was suggested.)1919Klaeber, F.Textual notes on "Beowulf,"M.L.N.XXXIV, 129-34.1919Brown, Carleton.Beowulf, 1080-1106,M.L.N.XXXIV, 181-3.1919Brett, Cyril.Notes on passages of Old and Middle English,M.L.R.XIV, 1-9.1919-20Kock, E. A.Interpretations and emendations of Early English Texts:V(Incl. Beowulf, 2030, 2419-24);VI(Incl. Beowulf 24, 154-6, 189-90, 1992-3, 489-90, 581-3, 1745-7, 1820-1, 1931-2, 2164);VII(Incl. Beowulf, 1230, 1404, 1553-6);Anglia,XLIII, 303-4;XLIV, 98etc., 245etc.1920Bryan W. F.Beowulf Notes (303-6, 532-4, 867-71),J.E.G.Ph.XIX, 84-5.

1815Thorkelin, G. J.Reply to Grundtvig inNyeste Skilderie, cols. 1057, 1073. (There were further articles in the same magazine, but they were purely personal.)

1820Grundtvig, N. F. S.Emendations to Thorkelin's text, added toBjowulfs Drape, 267-312.

1826Conybeare, J. J.Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon poetry. London. (Beowulf and "Finnsborough," pp. 30-182.)

1859Bouterwek, K. W.Zur Kritik des Beowulfliedes,Z.f.d.A.XI, 59-113.

1859Dietrich, F.Rettungen,Z.f.d.A.XI, 409-20.

1863Holtzmann, A.Zu Beowulf,Germania,VIII, 489-97. (Incl. Finnsburg.)

1865Grein, C. W. M.Zur Textkritik der angelsächsischen Dichter: Finnsburg,Germania,X, 422.

1868-9Bugge, Sophus.Spredte iagttagelser vedkommende de oldengelske digte om Beówulf og Waldere;Tidskrift for Philologi og Pædagogik,VIII, 40-78 and 287-307 (incl. Finnsburg, 304-5). Important.

1871Rieger, M.Zum Beowulf,Z.f.d.Ph.III, 381-416.

1873Bugge, S.Zum Beowulf,Z.f.d.Ph.IV, 192-224.

1880Kölbing, E.Kleine Beiträge (Beowulf, 168, 169),Engl. Stud.III, 92etc.

1882Kluge, F.Sprachhistorische Miscellen (Beowulf, 63, 1027, 1235, 1267),P.B.B.VIII, 532-5.

1882Cosijn, P. J.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.VIII, 568-74.

1883Sievers, E.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.IX, 135-44, 370.

1883Kluge, F.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.IX, 187-92.

1883Krüger, Th.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.IX, 571-8.

1889Miller, T.The position of Grendel's arm in Heorot,Anglia,XII, 396-400.

1890Joseph, E.Zwei Versversetzungen im Beowulf,Z.f.d.Ph.XXII, 385-97.

1891Schröer, A.Zur texterklärung des Beowulf,Anglia,XIII, 333-48.

1891-2Cosijn, P. J.Aanteekeningen op den Beowulf. Leiden. (Important.) Reviews: Lübke,A.f.d.A.XIX, 341-2; Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1895, p. 82.

1892Sievers, E.Zur texterklärung des Beowulf,Anglia,XIV, 133-46.

1895Bright, J. W.Notes on the Beowulf (ll. 30, 306, 386-7, 623, 737),M.L.N.X, 43-4.

1899Trautmann, M.Berichtigungen, Vermutungen und Erklärungen zum Beowulf (ll. 1-1215).Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik,II, 121-92. Reviews: Binz,Anglia, Beiblatt,XIV, 358-60; Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1900, 62-4 (important). See Sievers,P.B.B.XXVII, 572;XXVIII, 271.

1901Klaeber, F.A few Beowulf notes (ll. 459, 847etc., 1206, 3024etc., 3171);M.L.N.XVI, 14-18.

1902Klaeber, F.Zum Beowulf (497-8; 1745-7),Archiv,CVIII, 368-70.

1902Klaeber, F.Beowulf's character,M.L.N.XVII, 162.

1903Krackow, O.Zu Beowulf, 1225, 2222,Archiv,CXI, 171-2.

1904Bryant, F. E.Beowulf, 62,M.L.N.XIX, 121-2.

1904Abbott, W. C.Hrothulf,M.L.N.XIX, 122-5. (Abbott suggests that Hrothulf is the name—missing in whole or part from l. 62—of the husband of the daughter of Healfdene. This suggestion is quite untenable, for many reasons: Hrothulf (Rolf Kraki) is a Dane, and the missing husband is a Swede: but the article led to a long controversy between Bryant and Klaeber; seeM.L.N.XX, 9-11;XXI, 143, 255;XXII, 96, 160. Klaeber is undoubtedly right.)

1904Krapp, G. B.Miscellaneous Notes:Scūrheard;M.L.N.XIX, 234.

1904Sievers, E.Zum Beowulf,P.B.B.XXIX, 305-31. (Criticism of Trautmann's emendations.)

1904Kock, E. A.Interpretations and Emendations of Early English Texts:III(Beowulf),Anglia,XXVII, 218-37.

1904Sievers, E.Zum Beowulf (l. 5, Criticism of Kock),P.B.B.XXIX, 560-76. Reply by Kock,Anglia,XXVIII(1905), 140-2.

1905Trautmann, M.Auch zum Beowulf: ein gruss an herren Eduard Sievers,Bonner Beiträge zur Anglistik,XVII, 143-74. (Reply to Sievers' criticism of Trautmann's conjectural emendations.) Review: Klaeber,M.L.N.XXII, 252.

1905Swiggett, G. L.Notes on the Finnsburg fragment,M.L.N.XX, 169-71.

1905Klaeber, F.Notizen zur texterklärung des Beowulf,Anglia,XXVIII, 439-47 (incl. Finnsburg); Zum Beowulf, the same, 448-56.

1905Klaeber, F.Bemerkungen zum Beowulf,Archiv,CXV, 178-82. (Incl. Finnsburg.)

1905Holthausen, F.Beiträge zur Erklärung des altengl. epos.I, Zum Beowulf;II, Zum Finnsburg-fragment;Z.f.d.Ph.XXXVII, 113-25.

1905-6Klaeber, F.Studies in the Textual Interpretation of "Beowulf,"Mod. Phil.III, 235-66, 445-65 (Most important).

1906Child, C. G.Beowulf, 30, 53, 132 (i.e. 1323), 2957,M.L.N.XXI, 175-7, 198-200.

1906Horn, W.Textkritische Bemerkungen (Beowulf, 69etc.),Anglia,XXIX, 130-1.

1906Klaeber, F.Notizen zum Beowulf,Anglia,XXIX, 378-82.

1907Klaeber, F.Minor Notes on the Beowulf,J.E.G.Ph.VI, 190-6.

1908Tinker, C. B.Notes on Beowulf,M.L.N.XXIII, 239-40.

1908Klaeber, F.Zum Beowulf,Engl. Stud.XXXIX, 463-7.

1909Klaeber, F.Textual Notes on Beowulf,J.E.G.Ph.VIII, 254-9.

1910von Grienberger, T.Bemerkungen zum Beowulf,P.B.B.XXXVI, 77-101. (Incl. Finnsburg.)

1910Sievers, E.Gegenbemerkungen zum Beowulf,P.B.B.XXXVI, 397-434. (Incl. Finnsburg.)

1910Sedgefield, W. J.Notes on "Beowulf,"M.L.R.V, 286-8.

1910Trautmann, M.Beiträge zu einem künftigen "Sprachschatz der altenglischen Dichter,"Anglia,XXXIII, 276-9 (gedræg).

1911Blackburn, F. A.Note on Beowulf, 1591-1617,Mod. Phil.IX, 555-66. (Argues that a loose leaf has been misplaced and the order of events thus disturbed.)

1911Klaeber, F.Zur Texterklärung des Beowulf, vv. 767, 1129,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXII, 372-4.

1912Hart, J. M.Beowulf, 168-9,M.L.N.XXVII, 198.

1912-14Grein, C. W. M.Sprachschatz der angelsächsischen dichter. Unter mitwirkung von F. Holthausen neu herausgegeben von J. J. Köhler. Heidelberg. Reviews: Trautmann,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 36-43; Schücking,Engl. Stud.XLIX, 113-5.

1915Chambers, R. W.The "Shifted leaf" in Beowulf,M.L.R.X, 37-41. (Points out that the alleged "confused order of events" is that also followed in the Grettis saga.)

1916Green, A.The opening of the episode of Finn in Beowulf,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XXXI, 759-97.

1916Bright, J. W.Anglo-Saxonumborandseld-guma,M.L.N.XXXI, 82-4; Beowulf, 489-90,M.L.N.XXXI, 217-23.

1917Green, A.An episode in Ongenþeow's fall,M.L.R.XII, 340-3.

1917Hollander, L. M.Beowulf, 33,M.L.N.XXXII, 246-7. (Suggests the readingītig.)

1917Holthausen, F.Zu altenglischen Denkmälern—Beowulf, 1140,Engl. Stud.LI, 180.

1918Hubbard, F. G.Beowulf, 1598, 1996, 2026: uses of the impersonal verbgeweorþan,J.E.G.Ph.XVII, 119.

1918Kock, E. A.Interpretations and emendations of early English Texts:IV, Beowulf,Anglia,XLII, 99-124. (Important.)

1918 ‡Kock, E. A.Jubilee Jaunts and Jottings, in theLunds univ. årsskrift, N. F. avd. I, bd. 14, nr. 26 (Festskrift vid ... 250-årsjubileum). Reviews: Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXX, 1-5; Klaeber,J.E.G.Ph.XIX, 409-13.

1919Moore, Samuel.Beowulf Notes (Textual),J.E.G.Ph.XVIII, 205-16.

1919Klaeber, F.Concerning the functions of O.E.geweorðan,J.E.G.Ph.XVIII, 250-71. (Cf. paper of Prof. Hubbard above, by which this was suggested.)

1919Klaeber, F.Textual notes on "Beowulf,"M.L.N.XXXIV, 129-34.

1919Brown, Carleton.Beowulf, 1080-1106,M.L.N.XXXIV, 181-3.

1919Brett, Cyril.Notes on passages of Old and Middle English,M.L.R.XIV, 1-9.

1919-20Kock, E. A.Interpretations and emendations of Early English Texts:V(Incl. Beowulf, 2030, 2419-24);VI(Incl. Beowulf 24, 154-6, 189-90, 1992-3, 489-90, 581-3, 1745-7, 1820-1, 1931-2, 2164);VII(Incl. Beowulf, 1230, 1404, 1553-6);Anglia,XLIII, 303-4;XLIV, 98etc., 245etc.

1920Bryan W. F.Beowulf Notes (303-6, 532-4, 867-71),J.E.G.Ph.XIX, 84-5.

§ 8. QUESTIONS OF LITERARY HISTORY, DATE AND AUTHORSHIP: BEOWULF IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORY, ARCHÆOLOGY, HEROIC LEGEND, MYTHOLOGY AND FOLKLORE

See also preceding section.

No attempt is made here to deal with Old English heroic legend in general: nor to enumerate the references toBeowulfin histories of literature. Probably the earliest allusion to our poem by a great writer is in Scott'sEssay on Romance(1824):

"The Saxons had, no doubt, Romances, ... and Mr Turner ... has given us the abridgement of one entitled Caedmon, in which the hero, whose adventures are told much after the manner of the ancient Norse Sagas, encounters, defeats and finally slays an evil being called Grendel...."

1816Outzen, N.Das ags. Gedicht Beowulf,Kieler Blätter,III, 307-27. (See above, p. 4, note.)1816 (Review of Thorkelin in)Monthly Review,LXXXI, 516-23. (Beowulf identified with Beaw Sceldwaing of the West Saxon genealogy; see above, p. 292.)1817Grundtvig, N. F. S.Danne-Virke,II, 207-89. (Identifies Chochilaicus; see above, p. 4, note.)1826Grimm, W.Einleitung über die Elfen,Kleinere Schriften,I, 405, esp. p. 467 (extract relating to Grendel's hatred of song). From ‡Irische Elfenmärchen.1829Grimm, W.Die deutsche Heldensage. Göttingen. (Pp. 13-17. Extracts from Beowulf, with translation, relating to Weland, Sigemund, Hama and Eormenric.)1836Kemble, J. M.Über die Stammtafel der Westsachsen. München. Review: J. Grimm,Göttingische gelehrte Anziegen, 1836, 649-57, =Kleinere Schriften,V, 240.1836Mone, F. J.Zur Kritik des Gedichts von Beowulf (in Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der teutschen Heldensage). Quedlinburg u. Leipzig. (Pp. 129-36.)1839Leo, H.Bëówulf ... nach seinem inhalte, und nach seinen historischen und mythologischen beziehungen betrachtet. Halle.1841Disraeli, I.Amenities of Literature. London. (Beowulf; the Hero-Life. Vol.I, pp. 80-92.)1841Grundtvig, N. F. S.Bjovulfs Drape,Brage og Idun,IV, 481-538. (Discusses the story, with criticism of previous scholars, and especially of Kemble.)1843-9Grimm, W.Einleitung zur Vorlesung über Gudrun [with an abstract of Beowulf]; seeKleinere Schriften,IV, 557-60.1844Müllenhoff, K.Die deutschen Völker an Nord- und Ostsee in ältester Zeit,Nordalbingische Studien,I, 111etc.1845 A brief discussion of Beowulf inEdinburgh Review,LXXXII, 309-11.1845Haupt, M.Zum Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.V, 10. (Drawing attention to the reference to Hygelac in theliber de monstris; see above, p. 4.)1848Müllenhoff, K.Die austrasische Dietrichssage,Z.f.d.A.VI, 435etc.1849Müllenhoff, K.Sceáf u. seine Nachkommen,Z.f.d.A.VII, 410-19; Der Mythus von Beóvulf,Z.f.d.A.VII, 419-41.1849Grimm, J.Ueber das Verbrennen der Leichen,Abhandl. d. Berl. Akad., 1849, 191etc.=Kleinere Schriften,II, 211-313 (esp. 261-4).1849Bachlechner, J.Die Merovinge im Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.VII, 524-6.1851Zappert, G.Virgil's Fortleben im Mittelalter,Denkschriften der k. Akad. Wien, Phil.-Hist. Classe, Bd.II, Abth. 2, pp. 17-70. (Gives numerous parallels between Virgil and "Beowulf," somewhat indiscriminately.)1852Brynjulfsson, G.Oldengelsk og Oldnordisk,Antikuarisk Tidsskrift, Kjøbenhavn, 1852-4, pp. 81-143. (An important paper which has been unduly overlooked. Brynjulfsson notes the parallel between Beowulf and Bjarki (see above, p. 61) and in other respects anticipates later scholars, e.g., in noting the close relationship between Angles and Danes (p. 143) and less fortunately (pp. 129-31) in identifying the Geatas with the Jutes.)1856Bachlechner, J.Eomaer und Heming (Hamlac),Germania,I, 297-303 and 455-61.1856Bouterwek, K. W.Das Beowulflied: Eine Vorlesung;Germania,I, 385-418.1857Uhland, L.Sigemund und Sigeferd,Germania,II, 344-63 =Schriften,VIII, 479etc.(Incl. Finnsburg.)1858Weinhold, K.Die Riesen des germanischen Mythus,Sitzungberichte der K. Akad., Wien, Phil-Hist. Classe,XXVI, 225-306. (Grendel and his mother, p. 255.)1859Rieger, M.Ingaevonen, Istaevonen, Herminonen,Z.f.d.A.XI, 177-205.1859Müllenhoff, K.Zur Kritik des angelsächsischen Volksepos, 2, Widsith,Z.f.d.A.XI, 275-94.1860Müllenhoff, K.Zeugnisse u. Excurse zur deutschen Heldensage,Z.f.d.A.XII, 253-386. (This portionof vol.XIIwas published in 1860.)1861Haigh, D. H.The Anglo-Saxon Sagas. London. (An uncritical attempt to identify the proper names in Beowulf and Finnsburg with sites in England.)1862Grein, C. W. M.Die historischen Verhältnisse des Beowulfliedes,Eberts Jahrbuch für roman. u. engl. Litt.IV, 260-85. (Incl. Finnsburg.)1864 ‡Schultze, M.Ueber das Beowulfslied.Programm der städtischen Realschule zu Elbing.(Not seen, but contents, including the mythical interpretations current at the period, noted inArchiv,XXXVII, 232.)1864Heyne, M.Ueber die Lage und Construction der Halle Heorot. Paderborn.1868Köhler, A.Germanische Alterthümer im Beóvulf,Germania,XIII, 129-58.1869Müllenhoff, K.Die innere Geschichte des Beovulfs,Z.f.d.A.XIV, 193-244. (Reprinted inBeovulf, 1889. See above, p. 113etc.)1870Köhler, A.Die Einleitung des Beovulfliedes. Die beiden Episoden von Heremod,Z.f.d.Ph.II, 305-21.1875Schrøder, L.Om Bjovulfs Drapen. København. (See above, p. 30.)1876Botkine, L.Beowulf. Analyse historique et géographique. Havre. (Material subsequently incorporated in translation, q.v.§ 6.) Review: Körner,Engl. Stud.I, 495-6.1877Skeat, W. W.The name "Beowulf,"Academy,XI(Jan.-June), p. 163. (Suggests Beowulf = "woodpecker"; see above, pp. 365-6,note.)1877ten Brink, B.Geschichte der englischen Litteratur. (Beowulf, Finnsburg, pp. 29-40.)1877Dederich, H.Historische u. geographische Studien zum ags. Beóvulfliede. Köln. (Incl. Finnsburg.) Reviews: Körner,Engl. Stud.I, 481-95; Müllenhoff,A.f.d.A.III, 172-82; ‡Suchier,Jenaer Literatur-Zeitung,XLVII, 732, 1876.1877Hornburg, J.Die Composition des Beowulf.Programm des K. Lyceums in Metz.Full summary by F. Hummel inArchiv,LXII, 231-3. See also under 1884.1877Schultze, M.Alt-heidnisches in der angelsächsischen Poesie, speciell im Beowulfsliede. Berlin.1877Suchier, H.Ueber die Sage von Offa u. Þryðo,P.B.B.IV, 500-21.1878Müller, N.Die Mythen im Beówulf, in ihrem Verhältniss zur germanischen Mythologie betrachtet. Dissertation, Heidelberg. Leipzig.1879Laistner, L.Nebelsagen. Stuttgart. (See above, p. 46, note.)1879Sweet, H.Old English etymologies:I,Beóhata,Engl. Stud.II, 312-14. (See above, p. 365.)1880Gering, H.Der Beówulf u. die isländische Grettissaga,Anglia,III, 74-87. (Important. Gering announced Vigfússon's discovery to a wider circle of readers, with translation of the Sandhaugar episode, and useful comment. The discovery was further announced to American readers byGarnettin theAmerican Journal of Philology,I, 492 (1880), though its importance was there rather understated. See above, p. 54.)1881Smith, C. Sprague.Beówulf Gretti,New Englander,XL(N. S.IV), 49-67. (Translation of corresponding passages in Grettis saga and Beowulf.)1882March, F. A.The World of Beowulf,Proceedings of Amer. Phil. Assoc.pp. xxi-xxiii.1883Rönning, F.Beovulfs-kvadet; en literær-historisk undersøgelse. København. Review: Heinzel,A.f.d.A.X, 233-9. (Rönning criticises Müllenhoff's theories of separate lays. His book and Heinzel's review are both important.)1883Merbot, R.Aesthetische Studien zur Ags. Poesie. Breslau. Reviews: Koch,Anglia,VI,Anzeiger, 100-3; Kluge,Engl. Stud.,VIII, 480-2.1884Earle, J.Anglo-Saxon Literature (The dawn of European Literature). London. (Pp. 120-39 deal with Beowulf. Earle holds Beowulf to be "a genuine growth of that junction in time ... when the heathen tales still kept their traditional interest, and yet the spirit of Christianity had taken full possession of the Saxon mind.")1884Fahlbeck, P.Beowulfs-kvädet såsom källa för nordisk fornhistoria,Antikvar. tidskr. för Sverige,VIII, 1-87. Review:Academy,XXIX, 1886, p. 12. (See above, pp. 8, 333.)1884Harrison, J. A.Old Teutonic life in Beowulf,Overland Monthly, Sec. Ser. vol.IV, 14-24; 152-61.1884Hertz, W.Beowulf, das älteste germanische Epos,Nord und Süd,XXIX, 229-53.1884Hornburg, J.Die komposition des Beovulf,Archiv,LXXII, 333-404. (Rejects Müllenhoff's "Liedertheorie.")1884Krüger, Th.Zum Beowulfliede. Bromberg. Reviewed favourably by Kölbing,Engl. Stud.IX, 150; severely by Kluge,Literaturblatt, 1884, 428-9. (A useful summary, which had the misfortune to be superseded next year by the publication of Wülker'sGrundriss.)1884Krüger, Th.Über Ursprung u. Entwickelung des Beowulfliedes,Archiv,LXXI, 129-52.1884-5Earle, J.Beowulf, inThe Times, London (Aug. 25, 1884, p. 6 (not signed); Oct. 29, 1885, p. 3; Sept. 30, 1885, p. 3. "The Beowulf itself is a tale of old folk-lore which, in spite of repeated editing, has never quite lost the old crust of its outline.... This discovery, if established, must have the effect of quite excluding the application of the Wolffian hypothesis to our poem.")1885Wülker, R.Grundriss zur geschichte der angelsächsischen Litteratur. Leipzig. 6. Die angelsächsische Heldendichtung, Beowulf, Finnsburg, 244-315. (An important and useful summary.)1885Lehmann, H.Brünne und Helm im angelsächsischen Beowulfliede. Dissertation, Göttingen. Leipzig. Reviews: Wülker,Anglia,VIII,Anzeiger, 167-70; Schulz,Engl. Stud.IX, 471.1886Skeat, W. W.On the signification of the monster Grendel ... with a discussion of ll. 2076-2100. Read before the Cambridge Philological Society.Journal of Philology,XV, 120-31. (NotAmerican Jour. of Phil., as frequently quoted.)1886Sarrazin, G.Die Beowulfsage in Dänemark,Anglia,IX, 195-9; Beowa und Böthvar,Anglia,IX, 200-4; Beowulf und Kynewulf,Anglia,IX, 515-50; Der Schauplatz des ersten Beowulfliedes und die Heimat des Dichters,P.B.B.XI, 159-83 (see above, p. 101).1886Sievers, E.Die Heimat des Beowulfdichters,P.B.B.XI, 354-62.1886Sarrazin, G.Altnordisches im Beowulfliede,P.B.B.XI, 528-41. (See above, p. 102.)1886Sievers, E.Altnordisches im Beowulf?P.B.B.XII, 168-200.1886Schilling, H.Notes on the Finnsaga,M.L.N.I, 89-92; 116-17.1886Lehmann, H.Über die Waffen im angelsächsischen Beowulfliede,Germania,XXXI, 486-97.1887Schilling, H.The Finnsburg-fragment and the Finn-episode,M.L.N.II, 146-50.1887Morley, H.Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, inEnglish Writers, vol.I, 276-354. London.1887Bugge, S.Studien über das Beowulfepos,P.B.B.XII, 1-112, 360-75. Important. (Das Finnsburgfragment, pp. 20-8.)1887 ‡Schneider, F.Der Kampf mit Grendels Mutter.Program des Friedrichs Real-Gymnasiums.Berlin.1888ten Brink, B.Beowulf. Untersuchungen. (Quellen u. Forschungen,LXII.) (Important. See above, p. 113.) Strassburg. Reviews: Wülker,Anglia,XI, 319-21 andLit. Cbl.1889, 251; Möller,Engl. Stud.XIII, 247-315 (weighty, containing some good remarks on the Jutes-Geatas); Koeppel,Z.f.d.Ph.XXIII, 113-22; Heinzel,A.f.d.A.XV, 153-82 (weighty); Liebermann,Deut. Zeitschr. f. Geschichtswissenschaft,II, 1889, 197-9; Kraus,D.L.Z.XII, 1891, 1605-7, 1846: reply by ten Brink ("Beowulfkritik undABAB"),D.L.Z.1892, 109-12.1888Sarrazin, G.Beowulf-Studien. Berlin. Reviews: Koeppel,Engl. Stud.XIII, 472-80; Sarrazin, Entgegnung,Engl. Stud.XIV, 421etc., reply by Koeppel,XIV, 427; Sievers,Z.f.d.Ph.XXI, 366; Dieter,Archiv,LXXXIII, 352-3; Heinzel,A.f.d.A.xv, 182-9; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1889, 315-16; Wülker,Anglia,XI, 536-41. Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1890, 14-16; Liebermann,Deut. Zeitschr. f. Geschichtswissenschaft,VI, 1891, 138; Kraus,D.L.Z.XII, 1891, pp. 1822-3. (All these reviews express dissent from Sarrazin's main conclusions, though many of them show appreciation of details in his work. See above, p. 101.)1888Kittredge, G. L.Zu Beowulf, 107etc.,P.B.B.XIII, 210 (Cain's kin).1889Müllenhoff, K.Beovulf (pp. 110-65=Z.f.d.A.XIV, 193-244). Berlin. See above, pp. 46-7, 113-15. Reviews: Schirmer,Anglia,XII, 465-7; Sarrazin,Engl. Stud.XVI, 71-85 (important); Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1890, 58-9; Heinzel,A.f.d.A.XVI, 264-75 (important); Koeppel,Z.f.d.Ph.XXIII, 110-13; Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1890, 370-3; Liebermann,Deut. Zeitschr. f. Geschichtswissenschaft,vi, 1891, 135-7; Kraus,D.L.Z.XII, 1891, pp. 1820-2; Logeman,Le Moyen Âge,III, 266-7 ("personne ne conteste plus ... que le poème se composait originairement de plusieurs parties"). Müllenhoff's book, like that of ten Brink, is based on assumptions generally held at the time, but now not so widely accepted; yet it remains important.1889Laistner, L.Das Rätsel der Sphinx. Berlin. (See above, p. 67.)1889Lüning, O.Die Natur ... in der altgermanischen und mittelhochdeutschen Epik. Zürich. Reviews: Weinhold,Z.f.d.Ph.XXII, 246-7; Golther,D.L.Z.1889, 710-2; Ballerstedt,A.f.d.A.XVI, 71-4; Fränkel,Literaturblatt, 1890, 439-44.1890 ‡Deskau, H.Zum studium des Beowulf. Berichte des freien deutschen Hochstiftes, 1890. Frankfurt.1890 ‡Klöpper, C.Heorot-Hall in the Anglo-Saxon poem of Beowulf. Festschrift für K. E. Krause. Rostock.1891Jellinek, M. H.andKraus, C.Die Widersprüche im Beowulf,Z.f.d.A,XXXV, 265-81.1891Bugge, S.andOlrik, A.Røveren ved Gråsten og Beowulf,Dania,I, 233-45.1891Jellinek, M. H.Zum Finnsburgfragment,P.B.B.XV, 428-31.1892Earle, J.The Introduction to his Translation (q.v.) gave a summary of the controversy, with "a constructive essay."1892Brooke, Stopford A.History of Early English Literature (Beowulf, pp. 17-131). London. Reviews: McClumpha,M.L.N.VIII, 27-9, 1892 (attacks in a letter of unnecessary violence); Wülker,Anglia, BeiblattIV, 170-6, 225-33; Glöde,Engl. Stud.XXII, 264-70.1892Gummere, F. B.Germanic Origins. A study in primitive culture. New York.1892Ferguson, R.The Anglo-Saxon name Beowulf,Athenæum, June, 1892 p. 763. See above, p. 368.1892Haack, O.Zeugnisse zur altenglischen Heldensage. Kiel.1892 ‡Kraus, K.Hrodulf. (P. Moneta, zum 40 jähr. Dienstjub.) Wien. (p. 4etc.)1892Olrik, A.Er Uffesagnet indvandret fra England?A.f.n.F.VIII(N.F.IV), 368-75.1892Sarrazin, G.Die Abfassungszeit des Beowulfliedes,Anglia,XIV, 399-415.1892Sievers, E.Sceaf in den nordischen Genealogien,P.B.B.XVI, 361-3.1892Kögel, R.Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.XXXVII, 268-76. (Etymology of the name.) Discussed by Sievers,P.B.B.XVIII, 413. See above, p. 367, footnote.1893Ward, H. L. D.Catalogue of Romances in the British Museum; Beowulf: vol.II, pp. 1-15, 741-3.1893ten Brink, B.Altenglische Literatur,Pauls Grdr.(1),II,I, 510-50. (Finnsburg, 545-50.)1894McNary, S. J.Beowulf and Arthur as English Ideals,Poet-Lore,VI, 529-36.1894 ‡Detter, F.Über die Heaðobarden im Beowulf,Verhandl. d. Wiener Philologenversammlung, Mai, 1893. Leipzig, p. 404etc.(Argues that the story is not historical, but mythical—Ragnarok.)1895Sievers, E.Beowulf und Saxo,Berichte der kgl. sächs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften,XLVII, 175-93. (Important, see above, pp. 90-7.)1895Binz, G.Zeugnisse zur germanischen sage in England,P.B.B.XX, 141-223. (A most useful collection, though the significance of many of the names collected is open to dispute.)1895Kluge, F.Zeugnisse zur germanischen sage in England,Engl. Stud.XXI, 446-8.1895-6Kluge, F.Der Beowulf u. die Hrolfs Saga Kraka,Engl. Stud.XXII, 144-5.1896 Sarrazin, G. Neue Beowulf-studien,Engl. Stud.XXIII, 221-67.1897 Ker, W. P. Epic and Romance. London. (Beowulf, pp. 182-202. Important. See above, p. 116.) Reviews: Fischer,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 133-5; Brandl,Archiv,C, 198-200. New edit. 1908.1897Blackburn, F. A.The Christian coloring in the Beowulf,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XII, 205-25. (See above, p. 125.)1897Sarrazin, G.Die Hirschhalle,Anglia,XIX, 368-92; Der Balder-kultus in Lethra,ibid.392-7; Rolf Krake und sein Vetter im Beowulfliede,Engl. Stud.XXIV, 144-5. (Important. See above, p. 31.)1897Henning, R.Sceaf und die westsächsische Stammtafel,Z.f.d.A.XLI, 156-69.1898Arnold, T.Notes on Beowulf. London. Reviews: Hulme,M.L.N.XV, 22-6, 1900; Sarrazin,Engl. Stud.XXVIII, 410-18; Garnett,Amer. Jour. of Phil.XX, 443.1898Niedner, F.Die Dioskuren im Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.XLII, 229-58.1899Cook, A. S.An Irish Parallel to the Beowulf Story,Archiv,CIII, 154-6.1899Axon, W. E. A.A reference to the evil eye in Beowulf,Trans. of the Royal Soc. of Literature, London. (Very slight.)1899 ‡Furst, Clyde."Beowulf" in "A Group of Old Authors." Philadelphia. (Popular.) Review: Child,M.L.N.XV, 31-2.1900Förster, Max.Bêowulf-Materialien, zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Braunschweig. Reviews: Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XI, 289; Behagel,Literaturblatt, 1902, 67 (very brief).

1816Outzen, N.Das ags. Gedicht Beowulf,Kieler Blätter,III, 307-27. (See above, p. 4, note.)

1816 (Review of Thorkelin in)Monthly Review,LXXXI, 516-23. (Beowulf identified with Beaw Sceldwaing of the West Saxon genealogy; see above, p. 292.)

1817Grundtvig, N. F. S.Danne-Virke,II, 207-89. (Identifies Chochilaicus; see above, p. 4, note.)

1826Grimm, W.Einleitung über die Elfen,Kleinere Schriften,I, 405, esp. p. 467 (extract relating to Grendel's hatred of song). From ‡Irische Elfenmärchen.

1829Grimm, W.Die deutsche Heldensage. Göttingen. (Pp. 13-17. Extracts from Beowulf, with translation, relating to Weland, Sigemund, Hama and Eormenric.)

1836Kemble, J. M.Über die Stammtafel der Westsachsen. München. Review: J. Grimm,Göttingische gelehrte Anziegen, 1836, 649-57, =Kleinere Schriften,V, 240.

1836Mone, F. J.Zur Kritik des Gedichts von Beowulf (in Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der teutschen Heldensage). Quedlinburg u. Leipzig. (Pp. 129-36.)

1839Leo, H.Bëówulf ... nach seinem inhalte, und nach seinen historischen und mythologischen beziehungen betrachtet. Halle.

1841Disraeli, I.Amenities of Literature. London. (Beowulf; the Hero-Life. Vol.I, pp. 80-92.)

1841Grundtvig, N. F. S.Bjovulfs Drape,Brage og Idun,IV, 481-538. (Discusses the story, with criticism of previous scholars, and especially of Kemble.)

1843-9Grimm, W.Einleitung zur Vorlesung über Gudrun [with an abstract of Beowulf]; seeKleinere Schriften,IV, 557-60.

1844Müllenhoff, K.Die deutschen Völker an Nord- und Ostsee in ältester Zeit,Nordalbingische Studien,I, 111etc.

1845 A brief discussion of Beowulf inEdinburgh Review,LXXXII, 309-11.

1845Haupt, M.Zum Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.V, 10. (Drawing attention to the reference to Hygelac in theliber de monstris; see above, p. 4.)

1848Müllenhoff, K.Die austrasische Dietrichssage,Z.f.d.A.VI, 435etc.

1849Müllenhoff, K.Sceáf u. seine Nachkommen,Z.f.d.A.VII, 410-19; Der Mythus von Beóvulf,Z.f.d.A.VII, 419-41.

1849Grimm, J.Ueber das Verbrennen der Leichen,Abhandl. d. Berl. Akad., 1849, 191etc.=Kleinere Schriften,II, 211-313 (esp. 261-4).

1849Bachlechner, J.Die Merovinge im Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.VII, 524-6.

1851Zappert, G.Virgil's Fortleben im Mittelalter,Denkschriften der k. Akad. Wien, Phil.-Hist. Classe, Bd.II, Abth. 2, pp. 17-70. (Gives numerous parallels between Virgil and "Beowulf," somewhat indiscriminately.)

1852Brynjulfsson, G.Oldengelsk og Oldnordisk,Antikuarisk Tidsskrift, Kjøbenhavn, 1852-4, pp. 81-143. (An important paper which has been unduly overlooked. Brynjulfsson notes the parallel between Beowulf and Bjarki (see above, p. 61) and in other respects anticipates later scholars, e.g., in noting the close relationship between Angles and Danes (p. 143) and less fortunately (pp. 129-31) in identifying the Geatas with the Jutes.)

1856Bachlechner, J.Eomaer und Heming (Hamlac),Germania,I, 297-303 and 455-61.

1856Bouterwek, K. W.Das Beowulflied: Eine Vorlesung;Germania,I, 385-418.

1857Uhland, L.Sigemund und Sigeferd,Germania,II, 344-63 =Schriften,VIII, 479etc.(Incl. Finnsburg.)

1858Weinhold, K.Die Riesen des germanischen Mythus,Sitzungberichte der K. Akad., Wien, Phil-Hist. Classe,XXVI, 225-306. (Grendel and his mother, p. 255.)

1859Rieger, M.Ingaevonen, Istaevonen, Herminonen,Z.f.d.A.XI, 177-205.

1859Müllenhoff, K.Zur Kritik des angelsächsischen Volksepos, 2, Widsith,Z.f.d.A.XI, 275-94.

1860Müllenhoff, K.Zeugnisse u. Excurse zur deutschen Heldensage,Z.f.d.A.XII, 253-386. (This portionof vol.XIIwas published in 1860.)

1861Haigh, D. H.The Anglo-Saxon Sagas. London. (An uncritical attempt to identify the proper names in Beowulf and Finnsburg with sites in England.)

1862Grein, C. W. M.Die historischen Verhältnisse des Beowulfliedes,Eberts Jahrbuch für roman. u. engl. Litt.IV, 260-85. (Incl. Finnsburg.)

1864 ‡Schultze, M.Ueber das Beowulfslied.Programm der städtischen Realschule zu Elbing.(Not seen, but contents, including the mythical interpretations current at the period, noted inArchiv,XXXVII, 232.)

1864Heyne, M.Ueber die Lage und Construction der Halle Heorot. Paderborn.

1868Köhler, A.Germanische Alterthümer im Beóvulf,Germania,XIII, 129-58.

1869Müllenhoff, K.Die innere Geschichte des Beovulfs,Z.f.d.A.XIV, 193-244. (Reprinted inBeovulf, 1889. See above, p. 113etc.)

1870Köhler, A.Die Einleitung des Beovulfliedes. Die beiden Episoden von Heremod,Z.f.d.Ph.II, 305-21.

1875Schrøder, L.Om Bjovulfs Drapen. København. (See above, p. 30.)

1876Botkine, L.Beowulf. Analyse historique et géographique. Havre. (Material subsequently incorporated in translation, q.v.§ 6.) Review: Körner,Engl. Stud.I, 495-6.

1877Skeat, W. W.The name "Beowulf,"Academy,XI(Jan.-June), p. 163. (Suggests Beowulf = "woodpecker"; see above, pp. 365-6,note.)

1877ten Brink, B.Geschichte der englischen Litteratur. (Beowulf, Finnsburg, pp. 29-40.)

1877Dederich, H.Historische u. geographische Studien zum ags. Beóvulfliede. Köln. (Incl. Finnsburg.) Reviews: Körner,Engl. Stud.I, 481-95; Müllenhoff,A.f.d.A.III, 172-82; ‡Suchier,Jenaer Literatur-Zeitung,XLVII, 732, 1876.

1877Hornburg, J.Die Composition des Beowulf.Programm des K. Lyceums in Metz.Full summary by F. Hummel inArchiv,LXII, 231-3. See also under 1884.

1877Schultze, M.Alt-heidnisches in der angelsächsischen Poesie, speciell im Beowulfsliede. Berlin.

1877Suchier, H.Ueber die Sage von Offa u. Þryðo,P.B.B.IV, 500-21.

1878Müller, N.Die Mythen im Beówulf, in ihrem Verhältniss zur germanischen Mythologie betrachtet. Dissertation, Heidelberg. Leipzig.

1879Laistner, L.Nebelsagen. Stuttgart. (See above, p. 46, note.)

1879Sweet, H.Old English etymologies:I,Beóhata,Engl. Stud.II, 312-14. (See above, p. 365.)

1880Gering, H.Der Beówulf u. die isländische Grettissaga,Anglia,III, 74-87. (Important. Gering announced Vigfússon's discovery to a wider circle of readers, with translation of the Sandhaugar episode, and useful comment. The discovery was further announced to American readers byGarnettin theAmerican Journal of Philology,I, 492 (1880), though its importance was there rather understated. See above, p. 54.)

1881Smith, C. Sprague.Beówulf Gretti,New Englander,XL(N. S.IV), 49-67. (Translation of corresponding passages in Grettis saga and Beowulf.)

1882March, F. A.The World of Beowulf,Proceedings of Amer. Phil. Assoc.pp. xxi-xxiii.

1883Rönning, F.Beovulfs-kvadet; en literær-historisk undersøgelse. København. Review: Heinzel,A.f.d.A.X, 233-9. (Rönning criticises Müllenhoff's theories of separate lays. His book and Heinzel's review are both important.)

1883Merbot, R.Aesthetische Studien zur Ags. Poesie. Breslau. Reviews: Koch,Anglia,VI,Anzeiger, 100-3; Kluge,Engl. Stud.,VIII, 480-2.

1884Earle, J.Anglo-Saxon Literature (The dawn of European Literature). London. (Pp. 120-39 deal with Beowulf. Earle holds Beowulf to be "a genuine growth of that junction in time ... when the heathen tales still kept their traditional interest, and yet the spirit of Christianity had taken full possession of the Saxon mind.")

1884Fahlbeck, P.Beowulfs-kvädet såsom källa för nordisk fornhistoria,Antikvar. tidskr. för Sverige,VIII, 1-87. Review:Academy,XXIX, 1886, p. 12. (See above, pp. 8, 333.)

1884Harrison, J. A.Old Teutonic life in Beowulf,Overland Monthly, Sec. Ser. vol.IV, 14-24; 152-61.

1884Hertz, W.Beowulf, das älteste germanische Epos,Nord und Süd,XXIX, 229-53.

1884Hornburg, J.Die komposition des Beovulf,Archiv,LXXII, 333-404. (Rejects Müllenhoff's "Liedertheorie.")

1884Krüger, Th.Zum Beowulfliede. Bromberg. Reviewed favourably by Kölbing,Engl. Stud.IX, 150; severely by Kluge,Literaturblatt, 1884, 428-9. (A useful summary, which had the misfortune to be superseded next year by the publication of Wülker'sGrundriss.)

1884Krüger, Th.Über Ursprung u. Entwickelung des Beowulfliedes,Archiv,LXXI, 129-52.

1884-5Earle, J.Beowulf, inThe Times, London (Aug. 25, 1884, p. 6 (not signed); Oct. 29, 1885, p. 3; Sept. 30, 1885, p. 3. "The Beowulf itself is a tale of old folk-lore which, in spite of repeated editing, has never quite lost the old crust of its outline.... This discovery, if established, must have the effect of quite excluding the application of the Wolffian hypothesis to our poem.")

1885Wülker, R.Grundriss zur geschichte der angelsächsischen Litteratur. Leipzig. 6. Die angelsächsische Heldendichtung, Beowulf, Finnsburg, 244-315. (An important and useful summary.)

1885Lehmann, H.Brünne und Helm im angelsächsischen Beowulfliede. Dissertation, Göttingen. Leipzig. Reviews: Wülker,Anglia,VIII,Anzeiger, 167-70; Schulz,Engl. Stud.IX, 471.

1886Skeat, W. W.On the signification of the monster Grendel ... with a discussion of ll. 2076-2100. Read before the Cambridge Philological Society.Journal of Philology,XV, 120-31. (NotAmerican Jour. of Phil., as frequently quoted.)

1886Sarrazin, G.Die Beowulfsage in Dänemark,Anglia,IX, 195-9; Beowa und Böthvar,Anglia,IX, 200-4; Beowulf und Kynewulf,Anglia,IX, 515-50; Der Schauplatz des ersten Beowulfliedes und die Heimat des Dichters,P.B.B.XI, 159-83 (see above, p. 101).

1886Sievers, E.Die Heimat des Beowulfdichters,P.B.B.XI, 354-62.

1886Sarrazin, G.Altnordisches im Beowulfliede,P.B.B.XI, 528-41. (See above, p. 102.)

1886Sievers, E.Altnordisches im Beowulf?P.B.B.XII, 168-200.

1886Schilling, H.Notes on the Finnsaga,M.L.N.I, 89-92; 116-17.

1886Lehmann, H.Über die Waffen im angelsächsischen Beowulfliede,Germania,XXXI, 486-97.

1887Schilling, H.The Finnsburg-fragment and the Finn-episode,M.L.N.II, 146-50.

1887Morley, H.Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, inEnglish Writers, vol.I, 276-354. London.

1887Bugge, S.Studien über das Beowulfepos,P.B.B.XII, 1-112, 360-75. Important. (Das Finnsburgfragment, pp. 20-8.)

1887 ‡Schneider, F.Der Kampf mit Grendels Mutter.Program des Friedrichs Real-Gymnasiums.Berlin.

1888ten Brink, B.Beowulf. Untersuchungen. (Quellen u. Forschungen,LXII.) (Important. See above, p. 113.) Strassburg. Reviews: Wülker,Anglia,XI, 319-21 andLit. Cbl.1889, 251; Möller,Engl. Stud.XIII, 247-315 (weighty, containing some good remarks on the Jutes-Geatas); Koeppel,Z.f.d.Ph.XXIII, 113-22; Heinzel,A.f.d.A.XV, 153-82 (weighty); Liebermann,Deut. Zeitschr. f. Geschichtswissenschaft,II, 1889, 197-9; Kraus,D.L.Z.XII, 1891, 1605-7, 1846: reply by ten Brink ("Beowulfkritik undABAB"),D.L.Z.1892, 109-12.

1888Sarrazin, G.Beowulf-Studien. Berlin. Reviews: Koeppel,Engl. Stud.XIII, 472-80; Sarrazin, Entgegnung,Engl. Stud.XIV, 421etc., reply by Koeppel,XIV, 427; Sievers,Z.f.d.Ph.XXI, 366; Dieter,Archiv,LXXXIII, 352-3; Heinzel,A.f.d.A.xv, 182-9; Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1889, 315-16; Wülker,Anglia,XI, 536-41. Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1890, 14-16; Liebermann,Deut. Zeitschr. f. Geschichtswissenschaft,VI, 1891, 138; Kraus,D.L.Z.XII, 1891, pp. 1822-3. (All these reviews express dissent from Sarrazin's main conclusions, though many of them show appreciation of details in his work. See above, p. 101.)

1888Kittredge, G. L.Zu Beowulf, 107etc.,P.B.B.XIII, 210 (Cain's kin).

1889Müllenhoff, K.Beovulf (pp. 110-65=Z.f.d.A.XIV, 193-244). Berlin. See above, pp. 46-7, 113-15. Reviews: Schirmer,Anglia,XII, 465-7; Sarrazin,Engl. Stud.XVI, 71-85 (important); Wülker,Lit. Cbl.1890, 58-9; Heinzel,A.f.d.A.XVI, 264-75 (important); Koeppel,Z.f.d.Ph.XXIII, 110-13; Holthausen,Literaturblatt, 1890, 370-3; Liebermann,Deut. Zeitschr. f. Geschichtswissenschaft,vi, 1891, 135-7; Kraus,D.L.Z.XII, 1891, pp. 1820-2; Logeman,Le Moyen Âge,III, 266-7 ("personne ne conteste plus ... que le poème se composait originairement de plusieurs parties"). Müllenhoff's book, like that of ten Brink, is based on assumptions generally held at the time, but now not so widely accepted; yet it remains important.

1889Laistner, L.Das Rätsel der Sphinx. Berlin. (See above, p. 67.)

1889Lüning, O.Die Natur ... in der altgermanischen und mittelhochdeutschen Epik. Zürich. Reviews: Weinhold,Z.f.d.Ph.XXII, 246-7; Golther,D.L.Z.1889, 710-2; Ballerstedt,A.f.d.A.XVI, 71-4; Fränkel,Literaturblatt, 1890, 439-44.

1890 ‡Deskau, H.Zum studium des Beowulf. Berichte des freien deutschen Hochstiftes, 1890. Frankfurt.

1890 ‡Klöpper, C.Heorot-Hall in the Anglo-Saxon poem of Beowulf. Festschrift für K. E. Krause. Rostock.

1891Jellinek, M. H.andKraus, C.Die Widersprüche im Beowulf,Z.f.d.A,XXXV, 265-81.

1891Bugge, S.andOlrik, A.Røveren ved Gråsten og Beowulf,Dania,I, 233-45.

1891Jellinek, M. H.Zum Finnsburgfragment,P.B.B.XV, 428-31.

1892Earle, J.The Introduction to his Translation (q.v.) gave a summary of the controversy, with "a constructive essay."

1892Brooke, Stopford A.History of Early English Literature (Beowulf, pp. 17-131). London. Reviews: McClumpha,M.L.N.VIII, 27-9, 1892 (attacks in a letter of unnecessary violence); Wülker,Anglia, BeiblattIV, 170-6, 225-33; Glöde,Engl. Stud.XXII, 264-70.

1892Gummere, F. B.Germanic Origins. A study in primitive culture. New York.

1892Ferguson, R.The Anglo-Saxon name Beowulf,Athenæum, June, 1892 p. 763. See above, p. 368.

1892Haack, O.Zeugnisse zur altenglischen Heldensage. Kiel.

1892 ‡Kraus, K.Hrodulf. (P. Moneta, zum 40 jähr. Dienstjub.) Wien. (p. 4etc.)

1892Olrik, A.Er Uffesagnet indvandret fra England?A.f.n.F.VIII(N.F.IV), 368-75.

1892Sarrazin, G.Die Abfassungszeit des Beowulfliedes,Anglia,XIV, 399-415.

1892Sievers, E.Sceaf in den nordischen Genealogien,P.B.B.XVI, 361-3.

1892Kögel, R.Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.XXXVII, 268-76. (Etymology of the name.) Discussed by Sievers,P.B.B.XVIII, 413. See above, p. 367, footnote.

1893Ward, H. L. D.Catalogue of Romances in the British Museum; Beowulf: vol.II, pp. 1-15, 741-3.

1893ten Brink, B.Altenglische Literatur,Pauls Grdr.(1),II,I, 510-50. (Finnsburg, 545-50.)

1894McNary, S. J.Beowulf and Arthur as English Ideals,Poet-Lore,VI, 529-36.

1894 ‡Detter, F.Über die Heaðobarden im Beowulf,Verhandl. d. Wiener Philologenversammlung, Mai, 1893. Leipzig, p. 404etc.(Argues that the story is not historical, but mythical—Ragnarok.)

1895Sievers, E.Beowulf und Saxo,Berichte der kgl. sächs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften,XLVII, 175-93. (Important, see above, pp. 90-7.)

1895Binz, G.Zeugnisse zur germanischen sage in England,P.B.B.XX, 141-223. (A most useful collection, though the significance of many of the names collected is open to dispute.)

1895Kluge, F.Zeugnisse zur germanischen sage in England,Engl. Stud.XXI, 446-8.

1895-6Kluge, F.Der Beowulf u. die Hrolfs Saga Kraka,Engl. Stud.XXII, 144-5.

1896 Sarrazin, G. Neue Beowulf-studien,Engl. Stud.XXIII, 221-67.

1897 Ker, W. P. Epic and Romance. London. (Beowulf, pp. 182-202. Important. See above, p. 116.) Reviews: Fischer,Anglia, Beiblatt,X, 133-5; Brandl,Archiv,C, 198-200. New edit. 1908.

1897Blackburn, F. A.The Christian coloring in the Beowulf,Pub. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer.XII, 205-25. (See above, p. 125.)

1897Sarrazin, G.Die Hirschhalle,Anglia,XIX, 368-92; Der Balder-kultus in Lethra,ibid.392-7; Rolf Krake und sein Vetter im Beowulfliede,Engl. Stud.XXIV, 144-5. (Important. See above, p. 31.)

1897Henning, R.Sceaf und die westsächsische Stammtafel,Z.f.d.A.XLI, 156-69.

1898Arnold, T.Notes on Beowulf. London. Reviews: Hulme,M.L.N.XV, 22-6, 1900; Sarrazin,Engl. Stud.XXVIII, 410-18; Garnett,Amer. Jour. of Phil.XX, 443.

1898Niedner, F.Die Dioskuren im Beowulf,Z.f.d.A.XLII, 229-58.

1899Cook, A. S.An Irish Parallel to the Beowulf Story,Archiv,CIII, 154-6.

1899Axon, W. E. A.A reference to the evil eye in Beowulf,Trans. of the Royal Soc. of Literature, London. (Very slight.)

1899 ‡Furst, Clyde."Beowulf" in "A Group of Old Authors." Philadelphia. (Popular.) Review: Child,M.L.N.XV, 31-2.

1900Förster, Max.Bêowulf-Materialien, zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Braunschweig. Reviews: Holthausen,Anglia, Beiblatt,XI, 289; Behagel,Literaturblatt, 1902, 67 (very brief).

1908. 2 Aufl.1912. 3 Aufl. Review: Wild,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 166-7.

1908. 2 Aufl.

1912. 3 Aufl. Review: Wild,Anglia, Beiblatt,XXIV, 166-7.

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