APPENDIX

[Contents]APPENDIX[117][Contents]NOTES ON BISAYAN RHETORIC AND POETICSFIGURES OF SPEECHSimile.This figure is one of the most used in Bisayan, even in ordinary conversations.Examples:1.Bagá an násirong ng̃a dila.Applied to a person or thing intended to be kept out of the rain, but which becomes wet, like the tongue (dila) which is always wet in the mouth.2.Canogon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si báyhon—maráot an bántogigpapananglit co—bayábas ng̃a hinóg,maópay an panit—olóron an onód(A popular song,)Where the resemblance is between “maopay si bayhon” and “maopay an panit”, and also between “maráot an bantog” and “olóron an onód”.Metaphor.It is also used, especially in poetry.Example:1.Cáhoy ca ng̃a linauáansa búquid nanauantáuancun canan Dyos ca pagbut-anmatopóng sa ulasiman.(A popular song)Applied to one who is in a high position in life, like “cahoy ng̃a linauáan”, the “lauáan” tree being one of the tallest trees.Allegory.It is also found in Bisayan.Example:Ugá ng̃a cáhoy si láuas,patáy na, layâ si dáhon[118]nanaringsing sin casáquitnamúng̃a sin camatáyon(A popular song)Here the life or body (láuas) is called a dry tree (ugá ng̃a cáhoy), already dead (patáy na), whose leaves are withered (laya si dahon), and which sprouted sorrow (nanaringsing sin casáquit), and gave as fruit, the death (namúng̃a sin camatáyon).Personification. One of the most frequent cases of personification in Bisayan is that consisting in applying to things and objects the personal articlesi.Example:Nagtitinang̃issitucmocay tiarábut an bagyo.(A popular song)Where the turtle-dove, (tucmo) is personifed bysi. The expression would lose much of its charm if the articleanis employed instead ofsi.Antithesis. We have this figure in Bisayan.Example:Canógon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si bayhon—maráot an bantog, etc.Where “maopay” (good) and “maraot” (bad), “bayhon” (face) and “bántog” (fame) are contrasted.Epigram. This figure, in its modern meaning, is used in Bisayan.Example:Gumhúlat pa an naghínay.an nagdagmit, uaráy.Which literally means: he who went slow was awaited for; he who hastened was not waited for. Its point is equivalent to that of the English “slow, but sure.” “Guinhulat” (was awaited for) “uaráy” (was not), “naghínay” (went slow) and “nagdágmit” (hastened) are contrasted.[119]Metonymy. It is also found in Bisayan.Example:An patay palang̃it, an buhi pacauít.Literally: let the dead go to heaven; let the living go to the “cauít” (a bamboo where the tubâ wine is ordinarily placed). The figure consists in this word “cauít,” container, for “tuba wine,” the thing contained.Synecdoche.Example:Pag árog hin damò nga bugás cay damo camí ng̃a babà.Literally it means: “Prepare much rice because we are many mouths.” Here themouths(baba) a part, is used forperson, the whole.Apostrophe. We have it also in Bisayan.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mga cahatas’an.tabang̃i, buligui—adin may pinas’anan iní nga pálad—con diri mabáuinouontan dao adá—sinin quinabuhi(A popular song)Literally: Heavens, altitudes, protect, help this who suffers something; if this fate is not averted, it will undoubtedly affect the life.Exclamation.Example:¡Pastilán bidíday,—bididay ca man lang̃a nacacalucmay—sinin hunahuna! …¡ayáo pag saquita!—¡ayáo pagbidóa,cay mag titinangis—canugon san luha! …(A popular song)Interrogation.Example:Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …[120]sa calibutan uaráy man:sabali sa panomdoman.(A popular song)Hyperbole. It is frequent in Bisayan.Examples:1.Macapánas hin buquid. (Man able to level a mountain)2.Macasagpo bin bahá. (Man able to suspend a flood)2.Cun totóo, intoy—ng̃a imo tinguhapag biling la anay—sílot ng̃a may bóa.(A popular song)Literally: If your love is true, look for a “silot” (a young fruit of cocoanut) which has “bua” (the bulb of the old cocoanut fruit when it is old enough to be used as a seed).ClimaxExample:¡ .….….…nanaringsing sin masáquit,namúnga sin camatáyon.Irony.Example:¡Camaopay mo! uaray ca gud pag tuman han imo pólong̃.Literally: How good are you! you did not keep your word.Asyndeton.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mg̃a cahatas’antabang̃i, buligui,inín may pinas’an, etc.(A popular song)Repetition.[121]Examples:1.Dirì co cayyubit—diri co caydáyaopamahonpáhon mo—baga may parayao; etc.(A popular song)2.Pastilán,bididay—bididayca man lang̃a nacacalúcmay—sinín hunahuña, etc.(A popular song)Concatenation.Example:Pastilánca curi—cacuri capinancapin ca mabide—sanbidosadughan,dughancopagílob—ilob calauasan,láuasconaponò—ponocasaquitan.(A polular song).[Contents]PROSEOf the three universal important forms in prose,i.e., description, narration, and exposition nothing in general needs be observed.LETTERSAt present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This letter has[122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.Example:Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence with these or equivalent ideas and in thesame order.As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.On the heading it is usually written:Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.instead of:Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.On the introduction it ordinarily appearsSr. D .….….….….….….….….….…orSra. D.a.….….….….….….….….….…Mi estimado amigo:orMuy estimada Señora:The body of the letter is usually as follows:Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.[Contents]POETIC FORMSOf the three main classes of poetry, epic, lyric and dramatic, the lyric is the only one preserved in Bisayan in the form of popular songs. The dramatic form is found at present mainly in the translations of Tagalog and Spanish dramas, usually employed as plays on the Patron’s days in the towns.VERSIFICATIONRhythmandrhymeare observed in Bisayan poems.The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most usedinBisayan poetry: verses of sixsyllables, versesof eight syllables, and verses of twelve syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.Examples:Verses of six syllables:¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay[124]inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.Verses of eight sy11ab1es:Acó iní sugadsugadsan bánua nga tarotánglad,bisan cun diín italadmabubuhi cun may palad,Verses of twelve syllables:Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógaydi ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd verses not being rhymed.Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are the following:The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses being rhymed.The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.[Contents]COLLECTION OF SOME BISAYANSONGSNOTE—In transcribing the followingsongs, we shall use, the orthography proposed in the note of the first page of this book using only three vowels:a, i, o.MORAL POETRYSi nanay, si tatay di ko babayuánkay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.[125]Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’onsinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,kon daw naabot na ira kamatayonnáboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.Ayaw gani kahihiligayaw karirikandikan,kay di man bagyo an toig,di man kikilá an bolan.PHILOSOPHIC POETRYMg̃a bitoón sa lag̃itmay mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,may malípay, may masákit.Kahoy ka g̃a linawaánsa bokid nanawantawan,kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’anmatopóg̃ sa olasiman.Di ko ginkakasorok’anan salapí, an bolawan;say ko ginkikinahag̃lanmaopay g̃a ginawian.Sogad gud akó san gamótg̃a nailarom sa kotkot,kon kanan Dyos pagboótmalábaw akó san ódlotDiri ba ako pagsirig̃.indayon, paghang̃narig̃,kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,harayó an borogkátan.Guin holát pá an naghinay;an nag dagmit, waráy.Waráy hiní balos báyadbas’la an boót longáyadLOVE POETRYAn bató bantilis náibas, nákilotsa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinankapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man laga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapinsan may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.Háin ka na ponay,kadi na panambo,tambo madaliay.liawá si kas’bo.basi homanáyhayinin sakit bidog̃a asáy tiónaysa kasigkasig ko.Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.opayda kon logarig̃on,kondi kanan taklobauon.Akon iglilibaglibag̃inin kasákit sa doghanbaman ha banig ig matag̃sakit ga magtitilógag̃.Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na sorangakadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogmaayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akonasáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon[126]Kon boot ka mang̃asáwainín barás pag pisia,di ka g̃ani makapisipag toraw na la ganoli.Kon daw ha kasirig̃anontobig ka g̃a irinómondiri sa dáhon pahonbon,pahónbon sa doghan nakonKon bagá kahoy si lawaspatay na, laya si dahonnanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákitnamóg̃a sin kamatáyonKap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yappag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.Han nákadto ka ha pantawakon ka gintitinan-awharápit ako matónawsa dako g̃a pag kahidlawAnó iní g̃a nádoróykamasakit, kamakapoy,an lawas sogád sin káhoyg̃aginhaharoharópoyBohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakandidto la katikag̃ an karokayakanPastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikannatag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdang̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyanHan nakadto ka ha lawdonakon ka gintinan-awonhapit kó ikaw karawtonha barás diri patonbon.Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathomsan pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,bisan la an todló, an bohók, panaptonkon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,Hiará ako magnawámagsakaysakay sa baráog didto ako hidagsasa kam g̃awan g̃a tunaKatlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlawsogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhawKon baga ako si tarotonáw na sa pag kaálo;maopay si alimag̃okay may pag kalonolónoMga lagit, mga lagit,¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…sa kalibótan waráy mansabáli sa panomdomanSin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolponwaráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahonbis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhonmaamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namonSUNDRYAdto na si adlawlinmoyó sa bokid,oli na, indayon,kay waray pa tóbig.Hi nonay g̃a kawayánonmalobaylobay hag̃anonnaglilinakat ha kógonhi hawak royokdoyókon.Itón imo babag̃a nagyayaborag̃a nagyiyinákansitón lonlun bowa;kon di ko kahadlokpághirót sin gabapag-oonloton koitón imo dilaAkó magtotóon diri ko sasabwanmangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-ansi akó mátimo di ko poporotonmangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas kotinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.[127]An tansman nimo mandig̃ginsisinólod san kand g̃an taranman nakikil g̃kay gin bobowad san baktin.¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindogmaópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.Ambot daw ada maoránsi dampog nag̃o odtóhanbisan la inin pag̃ánoddoróyog tipailáwodBusa, bayái, balitaw,ayáw gad tood kay tíawiní g̃a akon pagbolawigpapahaoli g̃ahaw.Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kagsinín palawán g̃a pankagkay bag̃in, idáy, makáragdó loktan sinín alámag.Makadí kamí maoli,maoli g̃a bagá diri,naghihiawil pa g̃anisan ka maopay sangawiAn di ko iginpinólog̃an kabasólan in akon:si kahoy di mag torópog̃may balíko, may matadog̃Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoydi mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoyiní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoytinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróyDiri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayawpamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbitkay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.Busa, bayái, bayái,bayái ayáw baliki,bisan dahon sin kamotimabobohi kami dinhi.Abá Lolay, abá Lolayligid ligid sinin baybaykon igkita ka sin awaydalagan, ayaw papátayMakadí kami maolisa baláy g̃a sinorambibisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃maoli kay logarig̃onAn di ko iginkinanta1an kabasolán onína;si kahoy di magsarámamay baliko, may balísaAn akon pagkinantáhon1báyad san akon kináon;bisan la akó tog̃boyóng̃a diri oraoráhon.Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpong̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na haponkitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on[128]1Derived from the Spanish “cantar” (to sing)↑ab[Contents]NOTES ON FILIPINO DIALECTOLOGYIt is beyond any question that most of the Filipino dialects are derived from a common origin: the Malay tongue.For this reason many Bisayan words are exactly the same in other Filipino dialects, and many others bear some local dialectal differences, thus always showing a common origin.The following lists are short collections of such words.[Contents]WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN TAGALOGAAko.1—IAgaw.—TosnatchAg̃lit.—A little potAmihan.—North windAnák.—son, daughterAnino.—ShadowApo.—Grandson, grand-daughterApog.—LimeAsawa.—WifeAsín.—Saltaswag̃.—WitchAtáy.—LiverAway.—FightBBaboy.—PigBaga.—Red-hotBagá.—as, likeBaga.—LungBagon.—To raiseBantay.—WatchBantilis.—A kind of rockBasa.—To readBata.—ChildBató.—StoneBawi.—To recoverBayabas.—GuavaBayad.—PayBayáw.—Brother-in-lawBoká.—Open, untiedBokás.—OpenBokó.—KnotBohók.—HairBog̃a.—FruitKKabig.—PullKahoy.—Tree, timber, woodKawayan.—BambooKilala.—To knowKoha.—TakeKólag̃.—InsufficientKota.—WallDDagat.—SeaDahon.—LeaveDalí.—QuickDila.—TongueDogó.—BloodIIbabaw.—OverIkaw.—Thou, youInit.—HeatInóm.—Drink[129]HHabagat.—WestHagdan.—StaircaseHayop.— AnimalHiláw.—UnripeHínay.—SlowHinog.—RipeHógas.—WashLLabis.—ExcessLakbay.—Go overLag̃aw.—FlyLag̃it.—Heaven, skyLalaki.—MaleLaway.—SalivaLikod.—BackLimá.—FiveLiwanag.—ClearnessLokso.—JumpLohá.—TearLorâ.—SpitLotò.—CookedMManók.—ChickenMatá.—EyeMatambók.—FatMay.—There is, etc.Maya.—A kind of birdNNipá.—NipáNipis.—ThinnessNosuos.—To rubOOgát.—Vein, nerveOlo.—HeadOo.—YesOpa.—PaymentOtag.—DebtOwák.—RavenOwáy.—VinePPakpak.—Applause with palmsPait.—BitternessPalad.—Palm of the handPatay.—KillPati.—Also, withPatog̃.—To place overPayog̃.—UmbrellaPaypay.—FanPili.—A tree so calledPili.—To selectPingan.—PlatePitó.—SevenPokpok.—To beatPola.—RedPosod.—NavelSSa.—To, at, from, on, etc.Sabaw.—BrothSakay.—To embarkSakit.—SicknessSagig̃.—BananaSaló.—ReceiveSaway.—To correctSawsaw.—To washSiko.—ElbowSig̃ba.—To adoreSili.—PepperSiyá.—He, sheSiyam.—NineSoka.—To vomitSog̃ay.—HornSolog̃.—ForwardSonod.—FollowSonog.—FireTTáas.—HeightTabas.—To cutTadtad.—To prickTag̃is.—To weepTahí.—To sewTimog.—SouthTiyán.—BellyTobâ.—A wineTobig.—WaterTobó.—Sugar caneTobò.—Profit, to growTohod.—KneeTohog.—To stringTonóg.—SoundTwad.—To face dawnwardsWWaló.—Eight[130][Contents]WORDS WITH SOME DIALECTAL DIFFERENCESDifferences in the vowelsi,o.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAkonAkinmy, mineAmonAminourAslomAsimacidityAtonAtinourAtópAtíproofBitóonBitúinstarBokogBikigfish-bone, boneBogásBigasriceBog-atBigatweightBoladBiladto sunBog̃olBig̃ídeafKan-onKanincooked riceKaonKainto eatKatolKatíto itch, itchingDámòDamiamount, muchDatóg̃Datig̃to arriveDokótDikitto adhere, adheredDolómDilimdarkGorótGilitsliceHábolHabito weaveHarokHalikkiss, to kissHatodHatidto accompanyHorámHiramto borrowIuomonInuminpotable waterItomItimblackLiogLiigneckPawodPawidweaved nipaSalógSahigfloorSandigSandalto leanTakópTakípcoverTanomTanimplantationTarómTalimedge of a sword, etc.TindokTundoka kind of bananaTindogTindigto standTonokTiníkthorn[131]Differences ink,h,l,r,d,t.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAdlawArawSun, dayAramAlamWisdomBadòBaròChemiseBalayBahayHouseBaloBaoWidow, widowerBalonBaonProvisionBarahiboBalahiboFeather, dawnBariBaliTo breakBolanBwanMoon, monthKagódKáyudTo scrathKalotKámotTo scratchKamóKayóYouKolóKukúNailDalanDaanPath, roadDaragaDalagaYoung girlDigòLigòTo bathDirìHindìNotHadìHarìKingHalabàMahabaLongHalaromMalalimDeepHarayòMalayòFarHigdàHigàTo lay downIrógIlog̃NoseLakátLakadTo walkLawodLáotOceanMahínisMalinisCleanNamokLamokMosquitoNapoloSampùTenParabolPalaboyFavor, gracePiritPilitTo forcePoroPulòIslandRoag̃Lwag̃BroadSalodSahodTo receiveSarapatiKalapatiPigeonSarowalSalawalPantsSiraSilaTheySirag̃SilagTo appearSirog̃Silog̃BeneathSodlaySuklayCombSoratSulatLetterSorokSulokCorner[132]Talig̃aTaig̃aEarTarog̃Talog̃A plantToròTulòDropTorogTulogTo sleepToktokTogtogTo sound, to playDifferences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHBálikBalíkto come backKohàKuhato takeGaódGáodoarHipágHípagsister-in-lawLaónLáonold, ancientSábaySabáysimultaneousTawáTáwalaughKab-itKabítconnectedKam-awKamaoa dishKan-onKanincooked riceKoanKwánso and soGab-iGabíevening, nightSab-aSabáa kind of bananaSab-itSabitto hookTan-awTanawto lookTig-aTigáshardnessTul-idTwidstraightTransformation fromatoo, and viceversa.AlapoopAlapaapcloud, fogKamótKamayhandDohaDalawátwoHabobòMababàlowSokólSukatmeasureTolóTatlothreeOnómAnimsixOpatApatfourOtokUtakbrain[133]1A: We use in these lists the orthography proposed in the first page of this book, as an orthography practically the same is now being much used in Tagalog. But we employ onlythree vowels:a,i,o.↑

APPENDIX[117]

[117]

[Contents]NOTES ON BISAYAN RHETORIC AND POETICSFIGURES OF SPEECHSimile.This figure is one of the most used in Bisayan, even in ordinary conversations.Examples:1.Bagá an násirong ng̃a dila.Applied to a person or thing intended to be kept out of the rain, but which becomes wet, like the tongue (dila) which is always wet in the mouth.2.Canogon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si báyhon—maráot an bántogigpapananglit co—bayábas ng̃a hinóg,maópay an panit—olóron an onód(A popular song,)Where the resemblance is between “maopay si bayhon” and “maopay an panit”, and also between “maráot an bantog” and “olóron an onód”.Metaphor.It is also used, especially in poetry.Example:1.Cáhoy ca ng̃a linauáansa búquid nanauantáuancun canan Dyos ca pagbut-anmatopóng sa ulasiman.(A popular song)Applied to one who is in a high position in life, like “cahoy ng̃a linauáan”, the “lauáan” tree being one of the tallest trees.Allegory.It is also found in Bisayan.Example:Ugá ng̃a cáhoy si láuas,patáy na, layâ si dáhon[118]nanaringsing sin casáquitnamúng̃a sin camatáyon(A popular song)Here the life or body (láuas) is called a dry tree (ugá ng̃a cáhoy), already dead (patáy na), whose leaves are withered (laya si dahon), and which sprouted sorrow (nanaringsing sin casáquit), and gave as fruit, the death (namúng̃a sin camatáyon).Personification. One of the most frequent cases of personification in Bisayan is that consisting in applying to things and objects the personal articlesi.Example:Nagtitinang̃issitucmocay tiarábut an bagyo.(A popular song)Where the turtle-dove, (tucmo) is personifed bysi. The expression would lose much of its charm if the articleanis employed instead ofsi.Antithesis. We have this figure in Bisayan.Example:Canógon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si bayhon—maráot an bantog, etc.Where “maopay” (good) and “maraot” (bad), “bayhon” (face) and “bántog” (fame) are contrasted.Epigram. This figure, in its modern meaning, is used in Bisayan.Example:Gumhúlat pa an naghínay.an nagdagmit, uaráy.Which literally means: he who went slow was awaited for; he who hastened was not waited for. Its point is equivalent to that of the English “slow, but sure.” “Guinhulat” (was awaited for) “uaráy” (was not), “naghínay” (went slow) and “nagdágmit” (hastened) are contrasted.[119]Metonymy. It is also found in Bisayan.Example:An patay palang̃it, an buhi pacauít.Literally: let the dead go to heaven; let the living go to the “cauít” (a bamboo where the tubâ wine is ordinarily placed). The figure consists in this word “cauít,” container, for “tuba wine,” the thing contained.Synecdoche.Example:Pag árog hin damò nga bugás cay damo camí ng̃a babà.Literally it means: “Prepare much rice because we are many mouths.” Here themouths(baba) a part, is used forperson, the whole.Apostrophe. We have it also in Bisayan.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mga cahatas’an.tabang̃i, buligui—adin may pinas’anan iní nga pálad—con diri mabáuinouontan dao adá—sinin quinabuhi(A popular song)Literally: Heavens, altitudes, protect, help this who suffers something; if this fate is not averted, it will undoubtedly affect the life.Exclamation.Example:¡Pastilán bidíday,—bididay ca man lang̃a nacacalucmay—sinin hunahuna! …¡ayáo pag saquita!—¡ayáo pagbidóa,cay mag titinangis—canugon san luha! …(A popular song)Interrogation.Example:Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …[120]sa calibutan uaráy man:sabali sa panomdoman.(A popular song)Hyperbole. It is frequent in Bisayan.Examples:1.Macapánas hin buquid. (Man able to level a mountain)2.Macasagpo bin bahá. (Man able to suspend a flood)2.Cun totóo, intoy—ng̃a imo tinguhapag biling la anay—sílot ng̃a may bóa.(A popular song)Literally: If your love is true, look for a “silot” (a young fruit of cocoanut) which has “bua” (the bulb of the old cocoanut fruit when it is old enough to be used as a seed).ClimaxExample:¡ .….….…nanaringsing sin masáquit,namúnga sin camatáyon.Irony.Example:¡Camaopay mo! uaray ca gud pag tuman han imo pólong̃.Literally: How good are you! you did not keep your word.Asyndeton.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mg̃a cahatas’antabang̃i, buligui,inín may pinas’an, etc.(A popular song)Repetition.[121]Examples:1.Dirì co cayyubit—diri co caydáyaopamahonpáhon mo—baga may parayao; etc.(A popular song)2.Pastilán,bididay—bididayca man lang̃a nacacalúcmay—sinín hunahuña, etc.(A popular song)Concatenation.Example:Pastilánca curi—cacuri capinancapin ca mabide—sanbidosadughan,dughancopagílob—ilob calauasan,láuasconaponò—ponocasaquitan.(A polular song).[Contents]PROSEOf the three universal important forms in prose,i.e., description, narration, and exposition nothing in general needs be observed.LETTERSAt present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This letter has[122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.Example:Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence with these or equivalent ideas and in thesame order.As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.On the heading it is usually written:Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.instead of:Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.On the introduction it ordinarily appearsSr. D .….….….….….….….….….…orSra. D.a.….….….….….….….….….…Mi estimado amigo:orMuy estimada Señora:The body of the letter is usually as follows:Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.[Contents]POETIC FORMSOf the three main classes of poetry, epic, lyric and dramatic, the lyric is the only one preserved in Bisayan in the form of popular songs. The dramatic form is found at present mainly in the translations of Tagalog and Spanish dramas, usually employed as plays on the Patron’s days in the towns.VERSIFICATIONRhythmandrhymeare observed in Bisayan poems.The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most usedinBisayan poetry: verses of sixsyllables, versesof eight syllables, and verses of twelve syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.Examples:Verses of six syllables:¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay[124]inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.Verses of eight sy11ab1es:Acó iní sugadsugadsan bánua nga tarotánglad,bisan cun diín italadmabubuhi cun may palad,Verses of twelve syllables:Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógaydi ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd verses not being rhymed.Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are the following:The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses being rhymed.The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.[Contents]COLLECTION OF SOME BISAYANSONGSNOTE—In transcribing the followingsongs, we shall use, the orthography proposed in the note of the first page of this book using only three vowels:a, i, o.MORAL POETRYSi nanay, si tatay di ko babayuánkay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.[125]Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’onsinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,kon daw naabot na ira kamatayonnáboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.Ayaw gani kahihiligayaw karirikandikan,kay di man bagyo an toig,di man kikilá an bolan.PHILOSOPHIC POETRYMg̃a bitoón sa lag̃itmay mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,may malípay, may masákit.Kahoy ka g̃a linawaánsa bokid nanawantawan,kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’anmatopóg̃ sa olasiman.Di ko ginkakasorok’anan salapí, an bolawan;say ko ginkikinahag̃lanmaopay g̃a ginawian.Sogad gud akó san gamótg̃a nailarom sa kotkot,kon kanan Dyos pagboótmalábaw akó san ódlotDiri ba ako pagsirig̃.indayon, paghang̃narig̃,kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,harayó an borogkátan.Guin holát pá an naghinay;an nag dagmit, waráy.Waráy hiní balos báyadbas’la an boót longáyadLOVE POETRYAn bató bantilis náibas, nákilotsa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinankapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man laga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapinsan may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.Háin ka na ponay,kadi na panambo,tambo madaliay.liawá si kas’bo.basi homanáyhayinin sakit bidog̃a asáy tiónaysa kasigkasig ko.Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.opayda kon logarig̃on,kondi kanan taklobauon.Akon iglilibaglibag̃inin kasákit sa doghanbaman ha banig ig matag̃sakit ga magtitilógag̃.Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na sorangakadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogmaayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akonasáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon[126]Kon boot ka mang̃asáwainín barás pag pisia,di ka g̃ani makapisipag toraw na la ganoli.Kon daw ha kasirig̃anontobig ka g̃a irinómondiri sa dáhon pahonbon,pahónbon sa doghan nakonKon bagá kahoy si lawaspatay na, laya si dahonnanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákitnamóg̃a sin kamatáyonKap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yappag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.Han nákadto ka ha pantawakon ka gintitinan-awharápit ako matónawsa dako g̃a pag kahidlawAnó iní g̃a nádoróykamasakit, kamakapoy,an lawas sogád sin káhoyg̃aginhaharoharópoyBohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakandidto la katikag̃ an karokayakanPastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikannatag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdang̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyanHan nakadto ka ha lawdonakon ka gintinan-awonhapit kó ikaw karawtonha barás diri patonbon.Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathomsan pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,bisan la an todló, an bohók, panaptonkon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,Hiará ako magnawámagsakaysakay sa baráog didto ako hidagsasa kam g̃awan g̃a tunaKatlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlawsogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhawKon baga ako si tarotonáw na sa pag kaálo;maopay si alimag̃okay may pag kalonolónoMga lagit, mga lagit,¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…sa kalibótan waráy mansabáli sa panomdomanSin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolponwaráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahonbis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhonmaamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namonSUNDRYAdto na si adlawlinmoyó sa bokid,oli na, indayon,kay waray pa tóbig.Hi nonay g̃a kawayánonmalobaylobay hag̃anonnaglilinakat ha kógonhi hawak royokdoyókon.Itón imo babag̃a nagyayaborag̃a nagyiyinákansitón lonlun bowa;kon di ko kahadlokpághirót sin gabapag-oonloton koitón imo dilaAkó magtotóon diri ko sasabwanmangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-ansi akó mátimo di ko poporotonmangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas kotinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.[127]An tansman nimo mandig̃ginsisinólod san kand g̃an taranman nakikil g̃kay gin bobowad san baktin.¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindogmaópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.Ambot daw ada maoránsi dampog nag̃o odtóhanbisan la inin pag̃ánoddoróyog tipailáwodBusa, bayái, balitaw,ayáw gad tood kay tíawiní g̃a akon pagbolawigpapahaoli g̃ahaw.Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kagsinín palawán g̃a pankagkay bag̃in, idáy, makáragdó loktan sinín alámag.Makadí kamí maoli,maoli g̃a bagá diri,naghihiawil pa g̃anisan ka maopay sangawiAn di ko iginpinólog̃an kabasólan in akon:si kahoy di mag torópog̃may balíko, may matadog̃Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoydi mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoyiní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoytinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróyDiri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayawpamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbitkay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.Busa, bayái, bayái,bayái ayáw baliki,bisan dahon sin kamotimabobohi kami dinhi.Abá Lolay, abá Lolayligid ligid sinin baybaykon igkita ka sin awaydalagan, ayaw papátayMakadí kami maolisa baláy g̃a sinorambibisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃maoli kay logarig̃onAn di ko iginkinanta1an kabasolán onína;si kahoy di magsarámamay baliko, may balísaAn akon pagkinantáhon1báyad san akon kináon;bisan la akó tog̃boyóng̃a diri oraoráhon.Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpong̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na haponkitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on[128]

NOTES ON BISAYAN RHETORIC AND POETICS

FIGURES OF SPEECHSimile.This figure is one of the most used in Bisayan, even in ordinary conversations.Examples:1.Bagá an násirong ng̃a dila.Applied to a person or thing intended to be kept out of the rain, but which becomes wet, like the tongue (dila) which is always wet in the mouth.2.Canogon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si báyhon—maráot an bántogigpapananglit co—bayábas ng̃a hinóg,maópay an panit—olóron an onód(A popular song,)Where the resemblance is between “maopay si bayhon” and “maopay an panit”, and also between “maráot an bantog” and “olóron an onód”.Metaphor.It is also used, especially in poetry.Example:1.Cáhoy ca ng̃a linauáansa búquid nanauantáuancun canan Dyos ca pagbut-anmatopóng sa ulasiman.(A popular song)Applied to one who is in a high position in life, like “cahoy ng̃a linauáan”, the “lauáan” tree being one of the tallest trees.Allegory.It is also found in Bisayan.Example:Ugá ng̃a cáhoy si láuas,patáy na, layâ si dáhon[118]nanaringsing sin casáquitnamúng̃a sin camatáyon(A popular song)Here the life or body (láuas) is called a dry tree (ugá ng̃a cáhoy), already dead (patáy na), whose leaves are withered (laya si dahon), and which sprouted sorrow (nanaringsing sin casáquit), and gave as fruit, the death (namúng̃a sin camatáyon).Personification. One of the most frequent cases of personification in Bisayan is that consisting in applying to things and objects the personal articlesi.Example:Nagtitinang̃issitucmocay tiarábut an bagyo.(A popular song)Where the turtle-dove, (tucmo) is personifed bysi. The expression would lose much of its charm if the articleanis employed instead ofsi.Antithesis. We have this figure in Bisayan.Example:Canógon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si bayhon—maráot an bantog, etc.Where “maopay” (good) and “maraot” (bad), “bayhon” (face) and “bántog” (fame) are contrasted.Epigram. This figure, in its modern meaning, is used in Bisayan.Example:Gumhúlat pa an naghínay.an nagdagmit, uaráy.Which literally means: he who went slow was awaited for; he who hastened was not waited for. Its point is equivalent to that of the English “slow, but sure.” “Guinhulat” (was awaited for) “uaráy” (was not), “naghínay” (went slow) and “nagdágmit” (hastened) are contrasted.[119]Metonymy. It is also found in Bisayan.Example:An patay palang̃it, an buhi pacauít.Literally: let the dead go to heaven; let the living go to the “cauít” (a bamboo where the tubâ wine is ordinarily placed). The figure consists in this word “cauít,” container, for “tuba wine,” the thing contained.Synecdoche.Example:Pag árog hin damò nga bugás cay damo camí ng̃a babà.Literally it means: “Prepare much rice because we are many mouths.” Here themouths(baba) a part, is used forperson, the whole.Apostrophe. We have it also in Bisayan.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mga cahatas’an.tabang̃i, buligui—adin may pinas’anan iní nga pálad—con diri mabáuinouontan dao adá—sinin quinabuhi(A popular song)Literally: Heavens, altitudes, protect, help this who suffers something; if this fate is not averted, it will undoubtedly affect the life.Exclamation.Example:¡Pastilán bidíday,—bididay ca man lang̃a nacacalucmay—sinin hunahuna! …¡ayáo pag saquita!—¡ayáo pagbidóa,cay mag titinangis—canugon san luha! …(A popular song)Interrogation.Example:Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …[120]sa calibutan uaráy man:sabali sa panomdoman.(A popular song)Hyperbole. It is frequent in Bisayan.Examples:1.Macapánas hin buquid. (Man able to level a mountain)2.Macasagpo bin bahá. (Man able to suspend a flood)2.Cun totóo, intoy—ng̃a imo tinguhapag biling la anay—sílot ng̃a may bóa.(A popular song)Literally: If your love is true, look for a “silot” (a young fruit of cocoanut) which has “bua” (the bulb of the old cocoanut fruit when it is old enough to be used as a seed).ClimaxExample:¡ .….….…nanaringsing sin masáquit,namúnga sin camatáyon.Irony.Example:¡Camaopay mo! uaray ca gud pag tuman han imo pólong̃.Literally: How good are you! you did not keep your word.Asyndeton.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mg̃a cahatas’antabang̃i, buligui,inín may pinas’an, etc.(A popular song)Repetition.[121]Examples:1.Dirì co cayyubit—diri co caydáyaopamahonpáhon mo—baga may parayao; etc.(A popular song)2.Pastilán,bididay—bididayca man lang̃a nacacalúcmay—sinín hunahuña, etc.(A popular song)Concatenation.Example:Pastilánca curi—cacuri capinancapin ca mabide—sanbidosadughan,dughancopagílob—ilob calauasan,láuasconaponò—ponocasaquitan.(A polular song).

FIGURES OF SPEECH

Simile.This figure is one of the most used in Bisayan, even in ordinary conversations.Examples:1.Bagá an násirong ng̃a dila.Applied to a person or thing intended to be kept out of the rain, but which becomes wet, like the tongue (dila) which is always wet in the mouth.2.Canogon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si báyhon—maráot an bántogigpapananglit co—bayábas ng̃a hinóg,maópay an panit—olóron an onód(A popular song,)Where the resemblance is between “maopay si bayhon” and “maopay an panit”, and also between “maráot an bantog” and “olóron an onód”.Metaphor.It is also used, especially in poetry.Example:1.Cáhoy ca ng̃a linauáansa búquid nanauantáuancun canan Dyos ca pagbut-anmatopóng sa ulasiman.(A popular song)Applied to one who is in a high position in life, like “cahoy ng̃a linauáan”, the “lauáan” tree being one of the tallest trees.Allegory.It is also found in Bisayan.Example:Ugá ng̃a cáhoy si láuas,patáy na, layâ si dáhon[118]nanaringsing sin casáquitnamúng̃a sin camatáyon(A popular song)Here the life or body (láuas) is called a dry tree (ugá ng̃a cáhoy), already dead (patáy na), whose leaves are withered (laya si dahon), and which sprouted sorrow (nanaringsing sin casáquit), and gave as fruit, the death (namúng̃a sin camatáyon).Personification. One of the most frequent cases of personification in Bisayan is that consisting in applying to things and objects the personal articlesi.Example:Nagtitinang̃issitucmocay tiarábut an bagyo.(A popular song)Where the turtle-dove, (tucmo) is personifed bysi. The expression would lose much of its charm if the articleanis employed instead ofsi.Antithesis. We have this figure in Bisayan.Example:Canógon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si bayhon—maráot an bantog, etc.Where “maopay” (good) and “maraot” (bad), “bayhon” (face) and “bántog” (fame) are contrasted.Epigram. This figure, in its modern meaning, is used in Bisayan.Example:Gumhúlat pa an naghínay.an nagdagmit, uaráy.Which literally means: he who went slow was awaited for; he who hastened was not waited for. Its point is equivalent to that of the English “slow, but sure.” “Guinhulat” (was awaited for) “uaráy” (was not), “naghínay” (went slow) and “nagdágmit” (hastened) are contrasted.[119]Metonymy. It is also found in Bisayan.Example:An patay palang̃it, an buhi pacauít.Literally: let the dead go to heaven; let the living go to the “cauít” (a bamboo where the tubâ wine is ordinarily placed). The figure consists in this word “cauít,” container, for “tuba wine,” the thing contained.Synecdoche.Example:Pag árog hin damò nga bugás cay damo camí ng̃a babà.Literally it means: “Prepare much rice because we are many mouths.” Here themouths(baba) a part, is used forperson, the whole.Apostrophe. We have it also in Bisayan.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mga cahatas’an.tabang̃i, buligui—adin may pinas’anan iní nga pálad—con diri mabáuinouontan dao adá—sinin quinabuhi(A popular song)Literally: Heavens, altitudes, protect, help this who suffers something; if this fate is not averted, it will undoubtedly affect the life.Exclamation.Example:¡Pastilán bidíday,—bididay ca man lang̃a nacacalucmay—sinin hunahuna! …¡ayáo pag saquita!—¡ayáo pagbidóa,cay mag titinangis—canugon san luha! …(A popular song)Interrogation.Example:Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …[120]sa calibutan uaráy man:sabali sa panomdoman.(A popular song)Hyperbole. It is frequent in Bisayan.Examples:1.Macapánas hin buquid. (Man able to level a mountain)2.Macasagpo bin bahá. (Man able to suspend a flood)2.Cun totóo, intoy—ng̃a imo tinguhapag biling la anay—sílot ng̃a may bóa.(A popular song)Literally: If your love is true, look for a “silot” (a young fruit of cocoanut) which has “bua” (the bulb of the old cocoanut fruit when it is old enough to be used as a seed).ClimaxExample:¡ .….….…nanaringsing sin masáquit,namúnga sin camatáyon.Irony.Example:¡Camaopay mo! uaray ca gud pag tuman han imo pólong̃.Literally: How good are you! you did not keep your word.Asyndeton.Example:Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mg̃a cahatas’antabang̃i, buligui,inín may pinas’an, etc.(A popular song)Repetition.[121]Examples:1.Dirì co cayyubit—diri co caydáyaopamahonpáhon mo—baga may parayao; etc.(A popular song)2.Pastilán,bididay—bididayca man lang̃a nacacalúcmay—sinín hunahuña, etc.(A popular song)Concatenation.Example:Pastilánca curi—cacuri capinancapin ca mabide—sanbidosadughan,dughancopagílob—ilob calauasan,láuasconaponò—ponocasaquitan.(A polular song).

Simile.This figure is one of the most used in Bisayan, even in ordinary conversations.

Examples:

1.Bagá an násirong ng̃a dila.

Applied to a person or thing intended to be kept out of the rain, but which becomes wet, like the tongue (dila) which is always wet in the mouth.

2.Canogon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si báyhon—maráot an bántogigpapananglit co—bayábas ng̃a hinóg,maópay an panit—olóron an onód

2.Canogon pa dao la—san imo catindog

maópay si báyhon—maráot an bántog

igpapananglit co—bayábas ng̃a hinóg,

maópay an panit—olóron an onód

(A popular song,)

Where the resemblance is between “maopay si bayhon” and “maopay an panit”, and also between “maráot an bantog” and “olóron an onód”.

Metaphor.It is also used, especially in poetry.

Example:

1.Cáhoy ca ng̃a linauáansa búquid nanauantáuancun canan Dyos ca pagbut-anmatopóng sa ulasiman.

1.Cáhoy ca ng̃a linauáan

sa búquid nanauantáuan

cun canan Dyos ca pagbut-an

matopóng sa ulasiman.

(A popular song)

Applied to one who is in a high position in life, like “cahoy ng̃a linauáan”, the “lauáan” tree being one of the tallest trees.

Allegory.It is also found in Bisayan.

Example:

Ugá ng̃a cáhoy si láuas,patáy na, layâ si dáhon[118]nanaringsing sin casáquitnamúng̃a sin camatáyon

Ugá ng̃a cáhoy si láuas,

patáy na, layâ si dáhon[118]

nanaringsing sin casáquit

namúng̃a sin camatáyon

(A popular song)

Here the life or body (láuas) is called a dry tree (ugá ng̃a cáhoy), already dead (patáy na), whose leaves are withered (laya si dahon), and which sprouted sorrow (nanaringsing sin casáquit), and gave as fruit, the death (namúng̃a sin camatáyon).

Personification. One of the most frequent cases of personification in Bisayan is that consisting in applying to things and objects the personal articlesi.

Example:

Nagtitinang̃issitucmocay tiarábut an bagyo.

Nagtitinang̃issitucmo

cay tiarábut an bagyo.

(A popular song)

Where the turtle-dove, (tucmo) is personifed bysi. The expression would lose much of its charm if the articleanis employed instead ofsi.

Antithesis. We have this figure in Bisayan.

Example:

Canógon pa dao la—san imo catindogmaópay si bayhon—maráot an bantog, etc.

Canógon pa dao la—san imo catindog

maópay si bayhon—maráot an bantog, etc.

Where “maopay” (good) and “maraot” (bad), “bayhon” (face) and “bántog” (fame) are contrasted.

Epigram. This figure, in its modern meaning, is used in Bisayan.

Example:

Gumhúlat pa an naghínay.an nagdagmit, uaráy.

Gumhúlat pa an naghínay.

an nagdagmit, uaráy.

Which literally means: he who went slow was awaited for; he who hastened was not waited for. Its point is equivalent to that of the English “slow, but sure.” “Guinhulat” (was awaited for) “uaráy” (was not), “naghínay” (went slow) and “nagdágmit” (hastened) are contrasted.[119]

Metonymy. It is also found in Bisayan.

Example:

An patay palang̃it, an buhi pacauít.

Literally: let the dead go to heaven; let the living go to the “cauít” (a bamboo where the tubâ wine is ordinarily placed). The figure consists in this word “cauít,” container, for “tuba wine,” the thing contained.

Synecdoche.

Example:

Pag árog hin damò nga bugás cay damo camí ng̃a babà.

Literally it means: “Prepare much rice because we are many mouths.” Here themouths(baba) a part, is used forperson, the whole.

Apostrophe. We have it also in Bisayan.

Example:

Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mga cahatas’an.tabang̃i, buligui—adin may pinas’anan iní nga pálad—con diri mabáuinouontan dao adá—sinin quinabuhi

Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mga cahatas’an.

tabang̃i, buligui—adin may pinas’an

an iní nga pálad—con diri mabáui

nouontan dao adá—sinin quinabuhi

(A popular song)

Literally: Heavens, altitudes, protect, help this who suffers something; if this fate is not averted, it will undoubtedly affect the life.

Exclamation.

Example:

¡Pastilán bidíday,—bididay ca man lang̃a nacacalucmay—sinin hunahuna! …¡ayáo pag saquita!—¡ayáo pagbidóa,cay mag titinangis—canugon san luha! …

¡Pastilán bidíday,—bididay ca man la

ng̃a nacacalucmay—sinin hunahuna! …

¡ayáo pag saquita!—¡ayáo pagbidóa,

cay mag titinangis—canugon san luha! …

(A popular song)

Interrogation.

Example:

Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …[120]sa calibutan uaráy man:sabali sa panomdoman.

Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …

Mg̃a langit, mg̃a langit;

¿háin dao dapit an sáquit? …

[120]

sa calibutan uaráy man:sabali sa panomdoman.

sa calibutan uaráy man:

sabali sa panomdoman.

(A popular song)

Hyperbole. It is frequent in Bisayan.

Examples:

2.Cun totóo, intoy—ng̃a imo tinguhapag biling la anay—sílot ng̃a may bóa.

2.Cun totóo, intoy—ng̃a imo tinguha

pag biling la anay—sílot ng̃a may bóa.

(A popular song)

Literally: If your love is true, look for a “silot” (a young fruit of cocoanut) which has “bua” (the bulb of the old cocoanut fruit when it is old enough to be used as a seed).

Climax

Example:

¡ .….….…nanaringsing sin masáquit,namúnga sin camatáyon.

¡ .….….…

nanaringsing sin masáquit,

namúnga sin camatáyon.

Irony.

Example:

¡Camaopay mo! uaray ca gud pag tuman han imo pólong̃.

Literally: How good are you! you did not keep your word.

Asyndeton.

Example:

Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mg̃a cahatas’antabang̃i, buligui,inín may pinas’an, etc.

Ohoy mg̃a lang̃it—mg̃a cahatas’an

tabang̃i, buligui,inín may pinas’an, etc.

(A popular song)

Repetition.[121]

Examples:

1.Dirì co cayyubit—diri co caydáyaopamahonpáhon mo—baga may parayao; etc.

1.Dirì co cayyubit—diri co caydáyao

pamahonpáhon mo—baga may parayao; etc.

(A popular song)

2.Pastilán,bididay—bididayca man lang̃a nacacalúcmay—sinín hunahuña, etc.

2.Pastilán,bididay—bididayca man la

ng̃a nacacalúcmay—sinín hunahuña, etc.

(A popular song)

Concatenation.

Example:

Pastilánca curi—cacuri capinancapin ca mabide—sanbidosadughan,dughancopagílob—ilob calauasan,láuasconaponò—ponocasaquitan.

Pastilánca curi—cacuri capinan

capin ca mabide—sanbidosadughan,

dughancopagílob—ilob calauasan,

láuasconaponò—ponocasaquitan.

(A polular song).

[Contents]PROSEOf the three universal important forms in prose,i.e., description, narration, and exposition nothing in general needs be observed.LETTERSAt present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This letter has[122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.Example:Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence with these or equivalent ideas and in thesame order.As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.On the heading it is usually written:Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.instead of:Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.On the introduction it ordinarily appearsSr. D .….….….….….….….….….…orSra. D.a.….….….….….….….….….…Mi estimado amigo:orMuy estimada Señora:The body of the letter is usually as follows:Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.

PROSE

Of the three universal important forms in prose,i.e., description, narration, and exposition nothing in general needs be observed.LETTERSAt present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This letter has[122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.Example:Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence with these or equivalent ideas and in thesame order.As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.On the heading it is usually written:Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.instead of:Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.On the introduction it ordinarily appearsSr. D .….….….….….….….….….…orSra. D.a.….….….….….….….….….…Mi estimado amigo:orMuy estimada Señora:The body of the letter is usually as follows:Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.

Of the three universal important forms in prose,i.e., description, narration, and exposition nothing in general needs be observed.

LETTERSAt present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This letter has[122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.Example:Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence with these or equivalent ideas and in thesame order.As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.On the heading it is usually written:Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.instead of:Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.On the introduction it ordinarily appearsSr. D .….….….….….….….….….…orSra. D.a.….….….….….….….….….…Mi estimado amigo:orMuy estimada Señora:The body of the letter is usually as follows:Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.

LETTERS

At present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This letter has[122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.Example:Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence with these or equivalent ideas and in thesame order.As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.On the heading it is usually written:Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.instead of:Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.On the introduction it ordinarily appearsSr. D .….….….….….….….….….…orSra. D.a.….….….….….….….….….…Mi estimado amigo:orMuy estimada Señora:The body of the letter is usually as follows:Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.

At present, one of the forms most generally employed in Bisayan prose is that belonging to the class of narration, the letter.

Nothing special needs be observed about letters, at present times, apart from their external forms and the tendency to innovation prominently shown in them, more than anywhere else, by frequent barbarisms.

As to the external forms of the Bisayan letters, it is to be observed that a routinary introduction is almost universally followed. We refer to the ordinary introduction consisting in the following ideas and order: “This letter has[122]no other purpose” 2) “but to ask how you are” 3) “because as to me” 4) “I am in a good health”.

And after such an invariable introduction, the writer goes on in a paragraph apart; “And I shall add that”, etc.

Example:

Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.

Uaráy láin ng̃a tuyó hiní ng̃a acon surat cúndi an damo ng̃a mg̃a pang̃omósta co ha imo, cay cun acó in ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos maópay.

Ng̃an isonouod co liuát, etc.

This is the introduction generally adopted. We do not hesitate to state that more than fifty per cent of the letters written in our Bisayan commence with these or equivalent ideas and in thesame order.

As to the barbarisms, they are employed thruout the entire letter.

On the heading it is usually written:

Tacloban, á 2 de Octubre de 1908.

instead of:

Tacloban, ica 2 han Octubre han 1908.

On the introduction it ordinarily appears

Sr. D .….….….….….….….….….…

Sra. D.a.….….….….….….….….….…

Mi estimado amigo:

Muy estimada Señora:

The body of the letter is usually as follows:

Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.

Uaray lain ng̃aobjetohini ng̃a acon surat,sinoan damo ng̃a mg̃apangomostaha iyo ngatanán, cay cun camí in iyo ipaquiána, calooy sa Dyos, uaray ano man ng̃anovedad.[123]

Y de consiguiente, tatay, isusunod co liuat; cun uaray moinconveniente, gustoco cunta comadá pagvacacion; pero como guinadvertirmo man aco han nacadi ca ng̃a magprocuraracó hin pagobteneranay hantitulo, por esoamo iní ng̃a dirí aco naatreverpag guicanmientrasdirí paca aco macacarauát han imocontestationng̃a pag hatag hinpermiso, bisan cunsobra y bastagud an acon mg̃adeseospagvisitaha iyo. etc.

[Contents]POETIC FORMSOf the three main classes of poetry, epic, lyric and dramatic, the lyric is the only one preserved in Bisayan in the form of popular songs. The dramatic form is found at present mainly in the translations of Tagalog and Spanish dramas, usually employed as plays on the Patron’s days in the towns.VERSIFICATIONRhythmandrhymeare observed in Bisayan poems.The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most usedinBisayan poetry: verses of sixsyllables, versesof eight syllables, and verses of twelve syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.Examples:Verses of six syllables:¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay[124]inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.Verses of eight sy11ab1es:Acó iní sugadsugadsan bánua nga tarotánglad,bisan cun diín italadmabubuhi cun may palad,Verses of twelve syllables:Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógaydi ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd verses not being rhymed.Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are the following:The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses being rhymed.The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.

POETIC FORMS

Of the three main classes of poetry, epic, lyric and dramatic, the lyric is the only one preserved in Bisayan in the form of popular songs. The dramatic form is found at present mainly in the translations of Tagalog and Spanish dramas, usually employed as plays on the Patron’s days in the towns.VERSIFICATIONRhythmandrhymeare observed in Bisayan poems.The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most usedinBisayan poetry: verses of sixsyllables, versesof eight syllables, and verses of twelve syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.Examples:Verses of six syllables:¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay[124]inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.Verses of eight sy11ab1es:Acó iní sugadsugadsan bánua nga tarotánglad,bisan cun diín italadmabubuhi cun may palad,Verses of twelve syllables:Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógaydi ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd verses not being rhymed.Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are the following:The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses being rhymed.The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.

VERSIFICATIONRhythmandrhymeare observed in Bisayan poems.The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most usedinBisayan poetry: verses of sixsyllables, versesof eight syllables, and verses of twelve syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.Examples:Verses of six syllables:¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay[124]inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.Verses of eight sy11ab1es:Acó iní sugadsugadsan bánua nga tarotánglad,bisan cun diín italadmabubuhi cun may palad,Verses of twelve syllables:Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógaydi ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd verses not being rhymed.Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are the following:The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses being rhymed.The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.

VERSIFICATION

Rhythmandrhymeare observed in Bisayan poems.The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most usedinBisayan poetry: verses of sixsyllables, versesof eight syllables, and verses of twelve syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.Examples:Verses of six syllables:¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay[124]inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.Verses of eight sy11ab1es:Acó iní sugadsugadsan bánua nga tarotánglad,bisan cun diín italadmabubuhi cun may palad,Verses of twelve syllables:Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógaydi ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd verses not being rhymed.Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are the following:The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses being rhymed.The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.

Rhythmandrhymeare observed in Bisayan poems.

The rhyme is not so perfect as that of the Spanish verses. Consonant words or with similar sounding endings are employed in Bisayan.

Kinds of meter. There are two kinds of meter most usedinBisayan poetry: verses of sixsyllables, versesof eight syllables, and verses of twelve syllables divided in two fragments of six syllables each.

Examples:

Verses of six syllables:

¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay[124]inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.

¿Háin ca na, punay?…cadí na panambo,tambo madalíay,liaua si casbo;basi humalayhay

¿Háin ca na, punay?…

cadí na panambo,

tambo madalíay,

liaua si casbo;

basi humalayhay

[124]

inín saquit, bidonga asay tiónaysan casingcasing co.

inín saquit, bido

nga asay tiónay

san casingcasing co.

Verses of eight sy11ab1es:

Acó iní sugadsugadsan bánua nga tarotánglad,bisan cun diín italadmabubuhi cun may palad,

Acó iní sugadsugad

san bánua nga tarotánglad,

bisan cun diín italad

mabubuhi cun may palad,

Verses of twelve syllables:

Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógaydi ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.

Togon co sa imo,—mahal nga inógay

di ca gud padará—san damo nga sangcay;

an paglacát nime—gabay magmahinay,

nga diri hatócso,—lumiscad san látay.

Note.—The verses of twelve syllables are really verses of six, the odd verses not being rhymed.

Combinations. As seen in the preceding examples the combinations are the following:

The verses of six syllables are grouped in four verses, the even verses being rhymed.

The verses of eight syllables are grouped also in four verses all rhymed.

The verses of twelve syllables are also grouped in four rhymed verses.

[Contents]COLLECTION OF SOME BISAYANSONGSNOTE—In transcribing the followingsongs, we shall use, the orthography proposed in the note of the first page of this book using only three vowels:a, i, o.MORAL POETRYSi nanay, si tatay di ko babayuánkay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.[125]Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’onsinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,kon daw naabot na ira kamatayonnáboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.Ayaw gani kahihiligayaw karirikandikan,kay di man bagyo an toig,di man kikilá an bolan.PHILOSOPHIC POETRYMg̃a bitoón sa lag̃itmay mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,may malípay, may masákit.Kahoy ka g̃a linawaánsa bokid nanawantawan,kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’anmatopóg̃ sa olasiman.Di ko ginkakasorok’anan salapí, an bolawan;say ko ginkikinahag̃lanmaopay g̃a ginawian.Sogad gud akó san gamótg̃a nailarom sa kotkot,kon kanan Dyos pagboótmalábaw akó san ódlotDiri ba ako pagsirig̃.indayon, paghang̃narig̃,kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,harayó an borogkátan.Guin holát pá an naghinay;an nag dagmit, waráy.Waráy hiní balos báyadbas’la an boót longáyadLOVE POETRYAn bató bantilis náibas, nákilotsa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinankapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man laga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapinsan may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.Háin ka na ponay,kadi na panambo,tambo madaliay.liawá si kas’bo.basi homanáyhayinin sakit bidog̃a asáy tiónaysa kasigkasig ko.Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.opayda kon logarig̃on,kondi kanan taklobauon.Akon iglilibaglibag̃inin kasákit sa doghanbaman ha banig ig matag̃sakit ga magtitilógag̃.Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na sorangakadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogmaayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akonasáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon[126]Kon boot ka mang̃asáwainín barás pag pisia,di ka g̃ani makapisipag toraw na la ganoli.Kon daw ha kasirig̃anontobig ka g̃a irinómondiri sa dáhon pahonbon,pahónbon sa doghan nakonKon bagá kahoy si lawaspatay na, laya si dahonnanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákitnamóg̃a sin kamatáyonKap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yappag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.Han nákadto ka ha pantawakon ka gintitinan-awharápit ako matónawsa dako g̃a pag kahidlawAnó iní g̃a nádoróykamasakit, kamakapoy,an lawas sogád sin káhoyg̃aginhaharoharópoyBohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakandidto la katikag̃ an karokayakanPastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikannatag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdang̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyanHan nakadto ka ha lawdonakon ka gintinan-awonhapit kó ikaw karawtonha barás diri patonbon.Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathomsan pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,bisan la an todló, an bohók, panaptonkon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,Hiará ako magnawámagsakaysakay sa baráog didto ako hidagsasa kam g̃awan g̃a tunaKatlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlawsogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhawKon baga ako si tarotonáw na sa pag kaálo;maopay si alimag̃okay may pag kalonolónoMga lagit, mga lagit,¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…sa kalibótan waráy mansabáli sa panomdomanSin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolponwaráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahonbis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhonmaamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namonSUNDRYAdto na si adlawlinmoyó sa bokid,oli na, indayon,kay waray pa tóbig.Hi nonay g̃a kawayánonmalobaylobay hag̃anonnaglilinakat ha kógonhi hawak royokdoyókon.Itón imo babag̃a nagyayaborag̃a nagyiyinákansitón lonlun bowa;kon di ko kahadlokpághirót sin gabapag-oonloton koitón imo dilaAkó magtotóon diri ko sasabwanmangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-ansi akó mátimo di ko poporotonmangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas kotinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.[127]An tansman nimo mandig̃ginsisinólod san kand g̃an taranman nakikil g̃kay gin bobowad san baktin.¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindogmaópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.Ambot daw ada maoránsi dampog nag̃o odtóhanbisan la inin pag̃ánoddoróyog tipailáwodBusa, bayái, balitaw,ayáw gad tood kay tíawiní g̃a akon pagbolawigpapahaoli g̃ahaw.Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kagsinín palawán g̃a pankagkay bag̃in, idáy, makáragdó loktan sinín alámag.Makadí kamí maoli,maoli g̃a bagá diri,naghihiawil pa g̃anisan ka maopay sangawiAn di ko iginpinólog̃an kabasólan in akon:si kahoy di mag torópog̃may balíko, may matadog̃Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoydi mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoyiní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoytinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróyDiri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayawpamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbitkay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.Busa, bayái, bayái,bayái ayáw baliki,bisan dahon sin kamotimabobohi kami dinhi.Abá Lolay, abá Lolayligid ligid sinin baybaykon igkita ka sin awaydalagan, ayaw papátayMakadí kami maolisa baláy g̃a sinorambibisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃maoli kay logarig̃onAn di ko iginkinanta1an kabasolán onína;si kahoy di magsarámamay baliko, may balísaAn akon pagkinantáhon1báyad san akon kináon;bisan la akó tog̃boyóng̃a diri oraoráhon.Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpong̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na haponkitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on[128]

COLLECTION OF SOME BISAYANSONGS

NOTE—In transcribing the followingsongs, we shall use, the orthography proposed in the note of the first page of this book using only three vowels:a, i, o.MORAL POETRYSi nanay, si tatay di ko babayuánkay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.[125]Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’onsinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,kon daw naabot na ira kamatayonnáboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.Ayaw gani kahihiligayaw karirikandikan,kay di man bagyo an toig,di man kikilá an bolan.PHILOSOPHIC POETRYMg̃a bitoón sa lag̃itmay mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,may malípay, may masákit.Kahoy ka g̃a linawaánsa bokid nanawantawan,kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’anmatopóg̃ sa olasiman.Di ko ginkakasorok’anan salapí, an bolawan;say ko ginkikinahag̃lanmaopay g̃a ginawian.Sogad gud akó san gamótg̃a nailarom sa kotkot,kon kanan Dyos pagboótmalábaw akó san ódlotDiri ba ako pagsirig̃.indayon, paghang̃narig̃,kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,harayó an borogkátan.Guin holát pá an naghinay;an nag dagmit, waráy.Waráy hiní balos báyadbas’la an boót longáyadLOVE POETRYAn bató bantilis náibas, nákilotsa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinankapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man laga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapinsan may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.Háin ka na ponay,kadi na panambo,tambo madaliay.liawá si kas’bo.basi homanáyhayinin sakit bidog̃a asáy tiónaysa kasigkasig ko.Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.opayda kon logarig̃on,kondi kanan taklobauon.Akon iglilibaglibag̃inin kasákit sa doghanbaman ha banig ig matag̃sakit ga magtitilógag̃.Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na sorangakadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogmaayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akonasáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon[126]Kon boot ka mang̃asáwainín barás pag pisia,di ka g̃ani makapisipag toraw na la ganoli.Kon daw ha kasirig̃anontobig ka g̃a irinómondiri sa dáhon pahonbon,pahónbon sa doghan nakonKon bagá kahoy si lawaspatay na, laya si dahonnanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákitnamóg̃a sin kamatáyonKap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yappag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.Han nákadto ka ha pantawakon ka gintitinan-awharápit ako matónawsa dako g̃a pag kahidlawAnó iní g̃a nádoróykamasakit, kamakapoy,an lawas sogád sin káhoyg̃aginhaharoharópoyBohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakandidto la katikag̃ an karokayakanPastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikannatag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdang̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyanHan nakadto ka ha lawdonakon ka gintinan-awonhapit kó ikaw karawtonha barás diri patonbon.Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathomsan pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,bisan la an todló, an bohók, panaptonkon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,Hiará ako magnawámagsakaysakay sa baráog didto ako hidagsasa kam g̃awan g̃a tunaKatlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlawsogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhawKon baga ako si tarotonáw na sa pag kaálo;maopay si alimag̃okay may pag kalonolónoMga lagit, mga lagit,¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…sa kalibótan waráy mansabáli sa panomdomanSin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolponwaráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahonbis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhonmaamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namonSUNDRYAdto na si adlawlinmoyó sa bokid,oli na, indayon,kay waray pa tóbig.Hi nonay g̃a kawayánonmalobaylobay hag̃anonnaglilinakat ha kógonhi hawak royokdoyókon.Itón imo babag̃a nagyayaborag̃a nagyiyinákansitón lonlun bowa;kon di ko kahadlokpághirót sin gabapag-oonloton koitón imo dilaAkó magtotóon diri ko sasabwanmangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-ansi akó mátimo di ko poporotonmangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas kotinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.[127]An tansman nimo mandig̃ginsisinólod san kand g̃an taranman nakikil g̃kay gin bobowad san baktin.¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindogmaópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.Ambot daw ada maoránsi dampog nag̃o odtóhanbisan la inin pag̃ánoddoróyog tipailáwodBusa, bayái, balitaw,ayáw gad tood kay tíawiní g̃a akon pagbolawigpapahaoli g̃ahaw.Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kagsinín palawán g̃a pankagkay bag̃in, idáy, makáragdó loktan sinín alámag.Makadí kamí maoli,maoli g̃a bagá diri,naghihiawil pa g̃anisan ka maopay sangawiAn di ko iginpinólog̃an kabasólan in akon:si kahoy di mag torópog̃may balíko, may matadog̃Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoydi mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoyiní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoytinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróyDiri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayawpamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbitkay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.Busa, bayái, bayái,bayái ayáw baliki,bisan dahon sin kamotimabobohi kami dinhi.Abá Lolay, abá Lolayligid ligid sinin baybaykon igkita ka sin awaydalagan, ayaw papátayMakadí kami maolisa baláy g̃a sinorambibisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃maoli kay logarig̃onAn di ko iginkinanta1an kabasolán onína;si kahoy di magsarámamay baliko, may balísaAn akon pagkinantáhon1báyad san akon kináon;bisan la akó tog̃boyóng̃a diri oraoráhon.Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpong̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na haponkitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on[128]

NOTE—In transcribing the followingsongs, we shall use, the orthography proposed in the note of the first page of this book using only three vowels:a, i, o.

MORAL POETRYSi nanay, si tatay di ko babayuánkay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.[125]Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’onsinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,kon daw naabot na ira kamatayonnáboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.Ayaw gani kahihiligayaw karirikandikan,kay di man bagyo an toig,di man kikilá an bolan.

Si nanay, si tatay di ko babayuánkay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.[125]Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’onsinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,kon daw naabot na ira kamatayonnáboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.Ayaw gani kahihiligayaw karirikandikan,kay di man bagyo an toig,di man kikilá an bolan.

Si nanay, si tatay di ko babayuánkay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.

Si nanay, si tatay di ko babayuán

kay damò ng̃a dogô an akon naotag̃

kun pag-ilsipon an siyam ka botan.

g̃a pag-inókoy ko sa kan nanay riyán.

Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.

Togon ko sa imo, mahal g̃a inógay:

di ka god padará san damò g̃a sangkay;

an paglakat nímo gabáy mag mahinay,

g̃a dirí katokao, lomiskad san látay.

[125]

Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’onsinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,kon daw naabot na ira kamatayonnáboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.

Kamakaroroyag sa matá pagkit’on

sinin mag-asawa g̃a waray sin limbog,

kon daw naabot na ira kamatayon

náboká an lang̃it bási nira sadlon.

Ayaw gani kahihiligayaw karirikandikan,kay di man bagyo an toig,di man kikilá an bolan.

Ayaw gani kahihilig

ayaw karirikandikan,

kay di man bagyo an toig,

di man kikilá an bolan.

PHILOSOPHIC POETRYMg̃a bitoón sa lag̃itmay mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,may malípay, may masákit.Kahoy ka g̃a linawaánsa bokid nanawantawan,kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’anmatopóg̃ sa olasiman.Di ko ginkakasorok’anan salapí, an bolawan;say ko ginkikinahag̃lanmaopay g̃a ginawian.Sogad gud akó san gamótg̃a nailarom sa kotkot,kon kanan Dyos pagboótmalábaw akó san ódlotDiri ba ako pagsirig̃.indayon, paghang̃narig̃,kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,harayó an borogkátan.Guin holát pá an naghinay;an nag dagmit, waráy.Waráy hiní balos báyadbas’la an boót longáyad

Mg̃a bitoón sa lag̃itmay mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,may malípay, may masákit.Kahoy ka g̃a linawaánsa bokid nanawantawan,kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’anmatopóg̃ sa olasiman.Di ko ginkakasorok’anan salapí, an bolawan;say ko ginkikinahag̃lanmaopay g̃a ginawian.Sogad gud akó san gamótg̃a nailarom sa kotkot,kon kanan Dyos pagboótmalábaw akó san ódlotDiri ba ako pagsirig̃.indayon, paghang̃narig̃,kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,harayó an borogkátan.Guin holát pá an naghinay;an nag dagmit, waráy.Waráy hiní balos báyadbas’la an boót longáyad

Mg̃a bitoón sa lag̃itmay mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,may malípay, may masákit.

Mg̃a bitoón sa lag̃it

may mapawà, may mag̃itg̃it,

con sa tawo igpanag̃lit,

may malípay, may masákit.

Kahoy ka g̃a linawaánsa bokid nanawantawan,kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’anmatopóg̃ sa olasiman.

Kahoy ka g̃a linawaán

sa bokid nanawantawan,

kon kanan Dyos ka pagbot’an

matopóg̃ sa olasiman.

Di ko ginkakasorok’anan salapí, an bolawan;say ko ginkikinahag̃lanmaopay g̃a ginawian.

Di ko ginkakasorok’an

an salapí, an bolawan;

say ko ginkikinahag̃lan

maopay g̃a ginawian.

Sogad gud akó san gamótg̃a nailarom sa kotkot,kon kanan Dyos pagboótmalábaw akó san ódlot

Sogad gud akó san gamót

g̃a nailarom sa kotkot,

kon kanan Dyos pagboót

malábaw akó san ódlot

Diri ba ako pagsirig̃.indayon, paghang̃narig̃,kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,harayó an borogkátan.

Diri ba ako pagsirig̃.

indayon, paghang̃narig̃,

kay bag̃in kitá kapadg̃an,

harayó an borogkátan.

Guin holát pá an naghinay;an nag dagmit, waráy.

Guin holát pá an naghinay;

an nag dagmit, waráy.

Waráy hiní balos báyadbas’la an boót longáyad

Waráy hiní balos báyad

bas’la an boót longáyad

LOVE POETRYAn bató bantilis náibas, nákilotsa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinankapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man laga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapinsan may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.Háin ka na ponay,kadi na panambo,tambo madaliay.liawá si kas’bo.basi homanáyhayinin sakit bidog̃a asáy tiónaysa kasigkasig ko.Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.opayda kon logarig̃on,kondi kanan taklobauon.Akon iglilibaglibag̃inin kasákit sa doghanbaman ha banig ig matag̃sakit ga magtitilógag̃.Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na sorangakadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogmaayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akonasáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon[126]Kon boot ka mang̃asáwainín barás pag pisia,di ka g̃ani makapisipag toraw na la ganoli.Kon daw ha kasirig̃anontobig ka g̃a irinómondiri sa dáhon pahonbon,pahónbon sa doghan nakonKon bagá kahoy si lawaspatay na, laya si dahonnanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákitnamóg̃a sin kamatáyonKap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yappag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.Han nákadto ka ha pantawakon ka gintitinan-awharápit ako matónawsa dako g̃a pag kahidlawAnó iní g̃a nádoróykamasakit, kamakapoy,an lawas sogád sin káhoyg̃aginhaharoharópoyBohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakandidto la katikag̃ an karokayakanPastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikannatag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdang̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyanHan nakadto ka ha lawdonakon ka gintinan-awonhapit kó ikaw karawtonha barás diri patonbon.Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathomsan pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,bisan la an todló, an bohók, panaptonkon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,Hiará ako magnawámagsakaysakay sa baráog didto ako hidagsasa kam g̃awan g̃a tunaKatlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlawsogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhawKon baga ako si tarotonáw na sa pag kaálo;maopay si alimag̃okay may pag kalonolónoMga lagit, mga lagit,¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…sa kalibótan waráy mansabáli sa panomdomanSin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolponwaráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahonbis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhonmaamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namon

An bató bantilis náibas, nákilotsa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinankapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man laga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapinsan may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.Háin ka na ponay,kadi na panambo,tambo madaliay.liawá si kas’bo.basi homanáyhayinin sakit bidog̃a asáy tiónaysa kasigkasig ko.Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.opayda kon logarig̃on,kondi kanan taklobauon.Akon iglilibaglibag̃inin kasákit sa doghanbaman ha banig ig matag̃sakit ga magtitilógag̃.Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na sorangakadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogmaayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akonasáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon[126]Kon boot ka mang̃asáwainín barás pag pisia,di ka g̃ani makapisipag toraw na la ganoli.Kon daw ha kasirig̃anontobig ka g̃a irinómondiri sa dáhon pahonbon,pahónbon sa doghan nakonKon bagá kahoy si lawaspatay na, laya si dahonnanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákitnamóg̃a sin kamatáyonKap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yappag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.Han nákadto ka ha pantawakon ka gintitinan-awharápit ako matónawsa dako g̃a pag kahidlawAnó iní g̃a nádoróykamasakit, kamakapoy,an lawas sogád sin káhoyg̃aginhaharoharópoyBohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakandidto la katikag̃ an karokayakanPastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikannatag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdang̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyanHan nakadto ka ha lawdonakon ka gintinan-awonhapit kó ikaw karawtonha barás diri patonbon.Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathomsan pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,bisan la an todló, an bohók, panaptonkon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,Hiará ako magnawámagsakaysakay sa baráog didto ako hidagsasa kam g̃awan g̃a tunaKatlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlawsogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhawKon baga ako si tarotonáw na sa pag kaálo;maopay si alimag̃okay may pag kalonolónoMga lagit, mga lagit,¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…sa kalibótan waráy mansabáli sa panomdomanSin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolponwaráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahonbis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhonmaamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namon

An bató bantilis náibas, nákilotsa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.

An bató bantilis náibas, nákilot

sa toró san tóbig sa darodagínot:

¡kasig̃kasig̃ pa ba an diri homómok.

sa gógma san tawo kon sa tarinónot.

Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?

Di ba sadto ánay imo akó sig̃sig̃

sa walá g̃a kamót, todló tamoyig̃kig̃;

baman itó niyán di ka na násiplat,

¿anó an solá ko sa imo nabóhat?

An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…

An sakít sa domdom og sa honahona,

makori ilig̃kod, makori íhigda:

¿ihagád sa láng̃it? ¿itamod sa tona?…

¡A baá Dyos ko, máonan’o dao la!…

Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinankapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.

Pastilán kakori, ka kori kapinan

kapin kamabido san bido sa dóghan;

doghan ko pag-ilob, ilob kasawásan,

láwas ko g̃a ponó pone kasakitan.

Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man laga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.

Pastilán, bididay, bididay ka man la

ga nakakalokmay sinín honahona:

ayáo pag sakita, ayao pag bidóa,

kay mag titinangis kanógon san loha.

Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapinsan may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.

Pastilán ka kori, ka kor ig̃akapin

san may pag kasákit sinin kasig̃kasig̃:

igpapanag̃lit ko sa osá ga borig̃

bisan parigóson may gihapon bilin.

Háin ka na ponay,kadi na panambo,tambo madaliay.liawá si kas’bo.basi homanáyhayinin sakit bidog̃a asáy tiónaysa kasigkasig ko.

Háin ka na ponay,

kadi na panambo,

tambo madaliay.

liawá si kas’bo.

basi homanáyhay

inin sakit bido

g̃a asáy tiónay

sa kasigkasig ko.

Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.opayda kon logarig̃on,kondi kanan taklobauon.

Abá Tig̃tig̃ abá Tig̃tig̃.

ioli an akon sig̃sig̃.

opayda kon logarig̃on,

kondi kanan taklobauon.

Akon iglilibaglibag̃inin kasákit sa doghanbaman ha banig ig matag̃sakit ga magtitilógag̃.

Akon iglilibaglibag̃

inin kasákit sa doghan

baman ha banig ig matag̃

sakit ga magtitilógag̃.

Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na sorangakadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogmaayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akonasáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon

Kadto na, kadto na, kadto na soranga

kadto na pag bilig̃ sin ibá g̃a gogma

ayaw gad pag hig̃yap sin sogad sa akon

asáy tig̃ohán maópay ga láyhon

[126]

Kon boot ka mang̃asáwainín barás pag pisia,di ka g̃ani makapisipag toraw na la ganoli.

Kon boot ka mang̃asáwa

inín barás pag pisia,

di ka g̃ani makapisi

pag toraw na la ganoli.

Kon daw ha kasirig̃anontobig ka g̃a irinómondiri sa dáhon pahonbon,pahónbon sa doghan nakon

Kon daw ha kasirig̃anon

tobig ka g̃a irinómon

diri sa dáhon pahonbon,

pahónbon sa doghan nakon

Kon bagá kahoy si lawaspatay na, laya si dahonnanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákitnamóg̃a sin kamatáyon

Kon bagá kahoy si lawas

patay na, laya si dahon

nanarig̃sig̃ sin kasákit

namóg̃a sin kamatáyon

Kap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yappag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.

Kap’atán ka tuig an akon paghig̃yap

pag-imasisirig̃ sa imo, binórak.

Han nákadto ka ha pantawakon ka gintitinan-awharápit ako matónawsa dako g̃a pag kahidlaw

Han nákadto ka ha pantaw

akon ka gintitinan-aw

harápit ako matónaw

sa dako g̃a pag kahidlaw

Anó iní g̃a nádoróykamasakit, kamakapoy,an lawas sogád sin káhoyg̃aginhaharoharópoy

Anó iní g̃a nádoróy

kamasakit, kamakapoy,

an lawas sogád sin káhoy

g̃aginhaharoharópoy

Bohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakandidto la katikag̃ an karokayakan

Bohi pa an bató g̃a pinamonakan

didto la katikag̃ an karokayakan

Pastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikannatag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdang̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyan

Pastilán ka kori san pag-ig̃irikan

natag̃is si inday g̃a binabayáan,

gabáy daw la habsan inín kalalawdan

g̃a diri tomólin inín pagsarakyan

Han nakadto ka ha lawdonakon ka gintinan-awonhapit kó ikaw karawtonha barás diri patonbon.

Han nakadto ka ha lawdon

akon ka gintinan-awon

hapit kó ikaw karawton

ha barás diri patonbon.

Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathomsan pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,bisan la an todló, an bohók, panaptonkon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,

Kon nag-iimót ka san imo kamathom

san pag kamabaysay san imo pamayhon,

bisan la an todló, an bohók, panapton

kon asay somirag̃, maopay na nakon,

Hiará ako magnawámagsakaysakay sa baráog didto ako hidagsasa kam g̃awan g̃a tuna

Hiará ako magnawá

magsakaysakay sa bará

og didto ako hidagsa

sa kam g̃awan g̃a tuna

Katlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlawsogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhaw

Katlóan ka tuig g̃a akon kahidlaw

sogád ka sin tobig nakon ikaóhaw

Kon baga ako si tarotonáw na sa pag kaálo;maopay si alimag̃okay may pag kalonolóno

Kon baga ako si taro

tonáw na sa pag kaálo;

maopay si alimag̃o

kay may pag kalonolóno

Mga lagit, mga lagit,¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…sa kalibótan waráy mansabáli sa panomdoman

Mga lagit, mga lagit,

¿háin daw dapít an sakit?.…

sa kalibótan waráy man

sabáli sa panomdoman

Sin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolponwaráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahonbis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…

Sin pag kamamig̃aw sinín kakorolpon

waráy god nabantad bis osá g̃a dahon

bis an mg̃a tamsi sáhid mabidó an

¿say pa ba an tawo, di aipan gihapon?.…

Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhonmaamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namon

Hinógay na intoy, siton pakalipog̃

sin kinarokanhi sinin amon libog̃

opayda kon hiro iton imo bayhon

maamog̃ ka daw la sinín bantog namon

SUNDRYAdto na si adlawlinmoyó sa bokid,oli na, indayon,kay waray pa tóbig.Hi nonay g̃a kawayánonmalobaylobay hag̃anonnaglilinakat ha kógonhi hawak royokdoyókon.Itón imo babag̃a nagyayaborag̃a nagyiyinákansitón lonlun bowa;kon di ko kahadlokpághirót sin gabapag-oonloton koitón imo dilaAkó magtotóon diri ko sasabwanmangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-ansi akó mátimo di ko poporotonmangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas kotinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.[127]An tansman nimo mandig̃ginsisinólod san kand g̃an taranman nakikil g̃kay gin bobowad san baktin.¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindogmaópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.Ambot daw ada maoránsi dampog nag̃o odtóhanbisan la inin pag̃ánoddoróyog tipailáwodBusa, bayái, balitaw,ayáw gad tood kay tíawiní g̃a akon pagbolawigpapahaoli g̃ahaw.Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kagsinín palawán g̃a pankagkay bag̃in, idáy, makáragdó loktan sinín alámag.Makadí kamí maoli,maoli g̃a bagá diri,naghihiawil pa g̃anisan ka maopay sangawiAn di ko iginpinólog̃an kabasólan in akon:si kahoy di mag torópog̃may balíko, may matadog̃Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoydi mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoyiní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoytinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróyDiri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayawpamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbitkay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.Busa, bayái, bayái,bayái ayáw baliki,bisan dahon sin kamotimabobohi kami dinhi.Abá Lolay, abá Lolayligid ligid sinin baybaykon igkita ka sin awaydalagan, ayaw papátayMakadí kami maolisa baláy g̃a sinorambibisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃maoli kay logarig̃onAn di ko iginkinanta1an kabasolán onína;si kahoy di magsarámamay baliko, may balísaAn akon pagkinantáhon1báyad san akon kináon;bisan la akó tog̃boyóng̃a diri oraoráhon.Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpong̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na haponkitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on[128]

Adto na si adlawlinmoyó sa bokid,oli na, indayon,kay waray pa tóbig.Hi nonay g̃a kawayánonmalobaylobay hag̃anonnaglilinakat ha kógonhi hawak royokdoyókon.Itón imo babag̃a nagyayaborag̃a nagyiyinákansitón lonlun bowa;kon di ko kahadlokpághirót sin gabapag-oonloton koitón imo dilaAkó magtotóon diri ko sasabwanmangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-ansi akó mátimo di ko poporotonmangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas kotinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.[127]An tansman nimo mandig̃ginsisinólod san kand g̃an taranman nakikil g̃kay gin bobowad san baktin.¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindogmaópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.Ambot daw ada maoránsi dampog nag̃o odtóhanbisan la inin pag̃ánoddoróyog tipailáwodBusa, bayái, balitaw,ayáw gad tood kay tíawiní g̃a akon pagbolawigpapahaoli g̃ahaw.Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kagsinín palawán g̃a pankagkay bag̃in, idáy, makáragdó loktan sinín alámag.Makadí kamí maoli,maoli g̃a bagá diri,naghihiawil pa g̃anisan ka maopay sangawiAn di ko iginpinólog̃an kabasólan in akon:si kahoy di mag torópog̃may balíko, may matadog̃Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoydi mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoyiní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoytinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróyDiri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayawpamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbitkay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.Busa, bayái, bayái,bayái ayáw baliki,bisan dahon sin kamotimabobohi kami dinhi.Abá Lolay, abá Lolayligid ligid sinin baybaykon igkita ka sin awaydalagan, ayaw papátayMakadí kami maolisa baláy g̃a sinorambibisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃maoli kay logarig̃onAn di ko iginkinanta1an kabasolán onína;si kahoy di magsarámamay baliko, may balísaAn akon pagkinantáhon1báyad san akon kináon;bisan la akó tog̃boyóng̃a diri oraoráhon.Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpong̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na haponkitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on

Adto na si adlawlinmoyó sa bokid,oli na, indayon,kay waray pa tóbig.

Adto na si adlaw

linmoyó sa bokid,

oli na, indayon,

kay waray pa tóbig.

Hi nonay g̃a kawayánonmalobaylobay hag̃anonnaglilinakat ha kógonhi hawak royokdoyókon.

Hi nonay g̃a kawayánon

malobaylobay hag̃anon

naglilinakat ha kógon

hi hawak royokdoyókon.

Itón imo babag̃a nagyayaborag̃a nagyiyinákansitón lonlun bowa;

Itón imo baba

g̃a nagyayabora

g̃a nagyiyinákan

sitón lonlun bowa;

kon di ko kahadlokpághirót sin gabapag-oonloton koitón imo dila

kon di ko kahadlok

pághirót sin gaba

pag-oonloton ko

itón imo dila

Akó magtotóon diri ko sasabwanmangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-ansi akó mátimo di ko poporotonmangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.

Akó magtotóon diri ko sasabwan

mangad na maloto, diri ko sosog̃-an

si akó mátimo di ko poporoton

mangad na mabosóg, diri ko totolnon.

Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas kotinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.

Anó man in akon kon diin ka kadto,

di mo la pag dad-on an tubig, kalayo:

di mo mam binohi ini g̃a lawas ko

tinmobo si inday kosóg san amáy ko.

[127]

An tansman nimo mandig̃ginsisinólod san kand g̃an taranman nakikil g̃kay gin bobowad san baktin.

An tansman nimo mandig̃

ginsisinólod san kand g̃

an taranman nakikil g̃

kay gin bobowad san baktin.

¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…

¿Ano ba, Dyos ko, an nakakasógad,

an isda sa dagat g̃a nagkakalópad?…

¿ano ba, Dyos ko, iní ga nadoróy,

inin katamsihan g̃a nagkakalag̃oy?…

Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindogmaópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.

Kanogon pa daw la san imo katindog

maópay si bayhon, maráot an bantog:

igpapanag̃lit ko, bayabas g̃a hinóg,

maópay an pánit, oloron an onód.

Ambot daw ada maoránsi dampog nag̃o odtóhanbisan la inin pag̃ánoddoróyog tipailáwod

Ambot daw ada maorán

si dampog nag̃o odtóhan

bisan la inin pag̃ánod

doróyog tipailáwod

Busa, bayái, balitaw,ayáw gad tood kay tíawiní g̃a akon pagbolawigpapahaoli g̃ahaw.

Busa, bayái, balitaw,

ayáw gad tood kay tíaw

iní g̃a akon pagbolaw

igpapahaoli g̃ahaw.

Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kagsinín palawán g̃a pankagkay bag̃in, idáy, makáragdó loktan sinín alámag.

Hilag̃kag kitá, hilag̃kag

sinín palawán g̃a pankag

kay bag̃in, idáy, makárag

dó loktan sinín alámag.

Makadí kamí maoli,maoli g̃a bagá diri,naghihiawil pa g̃anisan ka maopay sangawi

Makadí kamí maoli,

maoli g̃a bagá diri,

naghihiawil pa g̃ani

san ka maopay sangawi

An di ko iginpinólog̃an kabasólan in akon:si kahoy di mag torópog̃may balíko, may matadog̃

An di ko iginpinólog̃

an kabasólan in akon:

si kahoy di mag torópog̃

may balíko, may matadog̃

Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoydi mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoyiní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoytinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróy

Anó man in akon kon diín ka hanoy

di mo la pagdad-on an tobig, an kahoy

iní g̃a lawas ko g̃a makalolóoy

tinmobo kan tatay, kan nanay g̃a iróy

Diri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayawpamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.

Diri ko kay yóbit, diri ko kay dayaw

pamahonpáhon mo bagá may paráyaw;

an imo pamálod pagkasadag̃ana,

baga nagkokori an akon ginhawa.

Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbitkay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.

Ayáw gad hin tamay, ayáw gad hin yóbit

kay magsáma man la inín aton pánit;

an aton logárig̃ ginkakalainan,

kay diri mag-osá inín aton g̃aran.

Busa, bayái, bayái,bayái ayáw baliki,bisan dahon sin kamotimabobohi kami dinhi.

Busa, bayái, bayái,

bayái ayáw baliki,

bisan dahon sin kamoti

mabobohi kami dinhi.

Abá Lolay, abá Lolayligid ligid sinin baybaykon igkita ka sin awaydalagan, ayaw papátay

Abá Lolay, abá Lolay

ligid ligid sinin baybay

kon igkita ka sin away

dalagan, ayaw papátay

Makadí kami maolisa baláy g̃a sinorambibisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃maoli kay logarig̃on

Makadí kami maoli

sa baláy g̃a sinorambi

bisan la mawaráy bóg̃bog̃

maoli kay logarig̃on

An di ko iginkinanta1an kabasolán onína;si kahoy di magsarámamay baliko, may balísa

An di ko iginkinanta1

an kabasolán onína;

si kahoy di magsaráma

may baliko, may balísa

An akon pagkinantáhon1báyad san akon kináon;bisan la akó tog̃boyóng̃a diri oraoráhon.

An akon pagkinantáhon1

báyad san akon kináon;

bisan la akó tog̃boyón

g̃a diri oraoráhon.

Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpong̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na haponkitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on

Nag sisirom na daw inín kakorolpon

g̃atanán g̃a tamsi sa káhoy na hapon

kitá man an tawo ga may isip domdom.

máoli sa balay g̃a kalogarig̃on

[128]

1Derived from the Spanish “cantar” (to sing)↑ab

[Contents]NOTES ON FILIPINO DIALECTOLOGYIt is beyond any question that most of the Filipino dialects are derived from a common origin: the Malay tongue.For this reason many Bisayan words are exactly the same in other Filipino dialects, and many others bear some local dialectal differences, thus always showing a common origin.The following lists are short collections of such words.[Contents]WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN TAGALOGAAko.1—IAgaw.—TosnatchAg̃lit.—A little potAmihan.—North windAnák.—son, daughterAnino.—ShadowApo.—Grandson, grand-daughterApog.—LimeAsawa.—WifeAsín.—Saltaswag̃.—WitchAtáy.—LiverAway.—FightBBaboy.—PigBaga.—Red-hotBagá.—as, likeBaga.—LungBagon.—To raiseBantay.—WatchBantilis.—A kind of rockBasa.—To readBata.—ChildBató.—StoneBawi.—To recoverBayabas.—GuavaBayad.—PayBayáw.—Brother-in-lawBoká.—Open, untiedBokás.—OpenBokó.—KnotBohók.—HairBog̃a.—FruitKKabig.—PullKahoy.—Tree, timber, woodKawayan.—BambooKilala.—To knowKoha.—TakeKólag̃.—InsufficientKota.—WallDDagat.—SeaDahon.—LeaveDalí.—QuickDila.—TongueDogó.—BloodIIbabaw.—OverIkaw.—Thou, youInit.—HeatInóm.—Drink[129]HHabagat.—WestHagdan.—StaircaseHayop.— AnimalHiláw.—UnripeHínay.—SlowHinog.—RipeHógas.—WashLLabis.—ExcessLakbay.—Go overLag̃aw.—FlyLag̃it.—Heaven, skyLalaki.—MaleLaway.—SalivaLikod.—BackLimá.—FiveLiwanag.—ClearnessLokso.—JumpLohá.—TearLorâ.—SpitLotò.—CookedMManók.—ChickenMatá.—EyeMatambók.—FatMay.—There is, etc.Maya.—A kind of birdNNipá.—NipáNipis.—ThinnessNosuos.—To rubOOgát.—Vein, nerveOlo.—HeadOo.—YesOpa.—PaymentOtag.—DebtOwák.—RavenOwáy.—VinePPakpak.—Applause with palmsPait.—BitternessPalad.—Palm of the handPatay.—KillPati.—Also, withPatog̃.—To place overPayog̃.—UmbrellaPaypay.—FanPili.—A tree so calledPili.—To selectPingan.—PlatePitó.—SevenPokpok.—To beatPola.—RedPosod.—NavelSSa.—To, at, from, on, etc.Sabaw.—BrothSakay.—To embarkSakit.—SicknessSagig̃.—BananaSaló.—ReceiveSaway.—To correctSawsaw.—To washSiko.—ElbowSig̃ba.—To adoreSili.—PepperSiyá.—He, sheSiyam.—NineSoka.—To vomitSog̃ay.—HornSolog̃.—ForwardSonod.—FollowSonog.—FireTTáas.—HeightTabas.—To cutTadtad.—To prickTag̃is.—To weepTahí.—To sewTimog.—SouthTiyán.—BellyTobâ.—A wineTobig.—WaterTobó.—Sugar caneTobò.—Profit, to growTohod.—KneeTohog.—To stringTonóg.—SoundTwad.—To face dawnwardsWWaló.—Eight[130][Contents]WORDS WITH SOME DIALECTAL DIFFERENCESDifferences in the vowelsi,o.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAkonAkinmy, mineAmonAminourAslomAsimacidityAtonAtinourAtópAtíproofBitóonBitúinstarBokogBikigfish-bone, boneBogásBigasriceBog-atBigatweightBoladBiladto sunBog̃olBig̃ídeafKan-onKanincooked riceKaonKainto eatKatolKatíto itch, itchingDámòDamiamount, muchDatóg̃Datig̃to arriveDokótDikitto adhere, adheredDolómDilimdarkGorótGilitsliceHábolHabito weaveHarokHalikkiss, to kissHatodHatidto accompanyHorámHiramto borrowIuomonInuminpotable waterItomItimblackLiogLiigneckPawodPawidweaved nipaSalógSahigfloorSandigSandalto leanTakópTakípcoverTanomTanimplantationTarómTalimedge of a sword, etc.TindokTundoka kind of bananaTindogTindigto standTonokTiníkthorn[131]Differences ink,h,l,r,d,t.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAdlawArawSun, dayAramAlamWisdomBadòBaròChemiseBalayBahayHouseBaloBaoWidow, widowerBalonBaonProvisionBarahiboBalahiboFeather, dawnBariBaliTo breakBolanBwanMoon, monthKagódKáyudTo scrathKalotKámotTo scratchKamóKayóYouKolóKukúNailDalanDaanPath, roadDaragaDalagaYoung girlDigòLigòTo bathDirìHindìNotHadìHarìKingHalabàMahabaLongHalaromMalalimDeepHarayòMalayòFarHigdàHigàTo lay downIrógIlog̃NoseLakátLakadTo walkLawodLáotOceanMahínisMalinisCleanNamokLamokMosquitoNapoloSampùTenParabolPalaboyFavor, gracePiritPilitTo forcePoroPulòIslandRoag̃Lwag̃BroadSalodSahodTo receiveSarapatiKalapatiPigeonSarowalSalawalPantsSiraSilaTheySirag̃SilagTo appearSirog̃Silog̃BeneathSodlaySuklayCombSoratSulatLetterSorokSulokCorner[132]Talig̃aTaig̃aEarTarog̃Talog̃A plantToròTulòDropTorogTulogTo sleepToktokTogtogTo sound, to playDifferences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHBálikBalíkto come backKohàKuhato takeGaódGáodoarHipágHípagsister-in-lawLaónLáonold, ancientSábaySabáysimultaneousTawáTáwalaughKab-itKabítconnectedKam-awKamaoa dishKan-onKanincooked riceKoanKwánso and soGab-iGabíevening, nightSab-aSabáa kind of bananaSab-itSabitto hookTan-awTanawto lookTig-aTigáshardnessTul-idTwidstraightTransformation fromatoo, and viceversa.AlapoopAlapaapcloud, fogKamótKamayhandDohaDalawátwoHabobòMababàlowSokólSukatmeasureTolóTatlothreeOnómAnimsixOpatApatfourOtokUtakbrain[133]1A: We use in these lists the orthography proposed in the first page of this book, as an orthography practically the same is now being much used in Tagalog. But we employ onlythree vowels:a,i,o.↑

NOTES ON FILIPINO DIALECTOLOGY

It is beyond any question that most of the Filipino dialects are derived from a common origin: the Malay tongue.For this reason many Bisayan words are exactly the same in other Filipino dialects, and many others bear some local dialectal differences, thus always showing a common origin.The following lists are short collections of such words.[Contents]WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN TAGALOGAAko.1—IAgaw.—TosnatchAg̃lit.—A little potAmihan.—North windAnák.—son, daughterAnino.—ShadowApo.—Grandson, grand-daughterApog.—LimeAsawa.—WifeAsín.—Saltaswag̃.—WitchAtáy.—LiverAway.—FightBBaboy.—PigBaga.—Red-hotBagá.—as, likeBaga.—LungBagon.—To raiseBantay.—WatchBantilis.—A kind of rockBasa.—To readBata.—ChildBató.—StoneBawi.—To recoverBayabas.—GuavaBayad.—PayBayáw.—Brother-in-lawBoká.—Open, untiedBokás.—OpenBokó.—KnotBohók.—HairBog̃a.—FruitKKabig.—PullKahoy.—Tree, timber, woodKawayan.—BambooKilala.—To knowKoha.—TakeKólag̃.—InsufficientKota.—WallDDagat.—SeaDahon.—LeaveDalí.—QuickDila.—TongueDogó.—BloodIIbabaw.—OverIkaw.—Thou, youInit.—HeatInóm.—Drink[129]HHabagat.—WestHagdan.—StaircaseHayop.— AnimalHiláw.—UnripeHínay.—SlowHinog.—RipeHógas.—WashLLabis.—ExcessLakbay.—Go overLag̃aw.—FlyLag̃it.—Heaven, skyLalaki.—MaleLaway.—SalivaLikod.—BackLimá.—FiveLiwanag.—ClearnessLokso.—JumpLohá.—TearLorâ.—SpitLotò.—CookedMManók.—ChickenMatá.—EyeMatambók.—FatMay.—There is, etc.Maya.—A kind of birdNNipá.—NipáNipis.—ThinnessNosuos.—To rubOOgát.—Vein, nerveOlo.—HeadOo.—YesOpa.—PaymentOtag.—DebtOwák.—RavenOwáy.—VinePPakpak.—Applause with palmsPait.—BitternessPalad.—Palm of the handPatay.—KillPati.—Also, withPatog̃.—To place overPayog̃.—UmbrellaPaypay.—FanPili.—A tree so calledPili.—To selectPingan.—PlatePitó.—SevenPokpok.—To beatPola.—RedPosod.—NavelSSa.—To, at, from, on, etc.Sabaw.—BrothSakay.—To embarkSakit.—SicknessSagig̃.—BananaSaló.—ReceiveSaway.—To correctSawsaw.—To washSiko.—ElbowSig̃ba.—To adoreSili.—PepperSiyá.—He, sheSiyam.—NineSoka.—To vomitSog̃ay.—HornSolog̃.—ForwardSonod.—FollowSonog.—FireTTáas.—HeightTabas.—To cutTadtad.—To prickTag̃is.—To weepTahí.—To sewTimog.—SouthTiyán.—BellyTobâ.—A wineTobig.—WaterTobó.—Sugar caneTobò.—Profit, to growTohod.—KneeTohog.—To stringTonóg.—SoundTwad.—To face dawnwardsWWaló.—Eight[130][Contents]WORDS WITH SOME DIALECTAL DIFFERENCESDifferences in the vowelsi,o.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAkonAkinmy, mineAmonAminourAslomAsimacidityAtonAtinourAtópAtíproofBitóonBitúinstarBokogBikigfish-bone, boneBogásBigasriceBog-atBigatweightBoladBiladto sunBog̃olBig̃ídeafKan-onKanincooked riceKaonKainto eatKatolKatíto itch, itchingDámòDamiamount, muchDatóg̃Datig̃to arriveDokótDikitto adhere, adheredDolómDilimdarkGorótGilitsliceHábolHabito weaveHarokHalikkiss, to kissHatodHatidto accompanyHorámHiramto borrowIuomonInuminpotable waterItomItimblackLiogLiigneckPawodPawidweaved nipaSalógSahigfloorSandigSandalto leanTakópTakípcoverTanomTanimplantationTarómTalimedge of a sword, etc.TindokTundoka kind of bananaTindogTindigto standTonokTiníkthorn[131]Differences ink,h,l,r,d,t.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAdlawArawSun, dayAramAlamWisdomBadòBaròChemiseBalayBahayHouseBaloBaoWidow, widowerBalonBaonProvisionBarahiboBalahiboFeather, dawnBariBaliTo breakBolanBwanMoon, monthKagódKáyudTo scrathKalotKámotTo scratchKamóKayóYouKolóKukúNailDalanDaanPath, roadDaragaDalagaYoung girlDigòLigòTo bathDirìHindìNotHadìHarìKingHalabàMahabaLongHalaromMalalimDeepHarayòMalayòFarHigdàHigàTo lay downIrógIlog̃NoseLakátLakadTo walkLawodLáotOceanMahínisMalinisCleanNamokLamokMosquitoNapoloSampùTenParabolPalaboyFavor, gracePiritPilitTo forcePoroPulòIslandRoag̃Lwag̃BroadSalodSahodTo receiveSarapatiKalapatiPigeonSarowalSalawalPantsSiraSilaTheySirag̃SilagTo appearSirog̃Silog̃BeneathSodlaySuklayCombSoratSulatLetterSorokSulokCorner[132]Talig̃aTaig̃aEarTarog̃Talog̃A plantToròTulòDropTorogTulogTo sleepToktokTogtogTo sound, to playDifferences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHBálikBalíkto come backKohàKuhato takeGaódGáodoarHipágHípagsister-in-lawLaónLáonold, ancientSábaySabáysimultaneousTawáTáwalaughKab-itKabítconnectedKam-awKamaoa dishKan-onKanincooked riceKoanKwánso and soGab-iGabíevening, nightSab-aSabáa kind of bananaSab-itSabitto hookTan-awTanawto lookTig-aTigáshardnessTul-idTwidstraightTransformation fromatoo, and viceversa.AlapoopAlapaapcloud, fogKamótKamayhandDohaDalawátwoHabobòMababàlowSokólSukatmeasureTolóTatlothreeOnómAnimsixOpatApatfourOtokUtakbrain[133]

It is beyond any question that most of the Filipino dialects are derived from a common origin: the Malay tongue.

For this reason many Bisayan words are exactly the same in other Filipino dialects, and many others bear some local dialectal differences, thus always showing a common origin.

The following lists are short collections of such words.

[Contents]WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN TAGALOGAAko.1—IAgaw.—TosnatchAg̃lit.—A little potAmihan.—North windAnák.—son, daughterAnino.—ShadowApo.—Grandson, grand-daughterApog.—LimeAsawa.—WifeAsín.—Saltaswag̃.—WitchAtáy.—LiverAway.—FightBBaboy.—PigBaga.—Red-hotBagá.—as, likeBaga.—LungBagon.—To raiseBantay.—WatchBantilis.—A kind of rockBasa.—To readBata.—ChildBató.—StoneBawi.—To recoverBayabas.—GuavaBayad.—PayBayáw.—Brother-in-lawBoká.—Open, untiedBokás.—OpenBokó.—KnotBohók.—HairBog̃a.—FruitKKabig.—PullKahoy.—Tree, timber, woodKawayan.—BambooKilala.—To knowKoha.—TakeKólag̃.—InsufficientKota.—WallDDagat.—SeaDahon.—LeaveDalí.—QuickDila.—TongueDogó.—BloodIIbabaw.—OverIkaw.—Thou, youInit.—HeatInóm.—Drink[129]HHabagat.—WestHagdan.—StaircaseHayop.— AnimalHiláw.—UnripeHínay.—SlowHinog.—RipeHógas.—WashLLabis.—ExcessLakbay.—Go overLag̃aw.—FlyLag̃it.—Heaven, skyLalaki.—MaleLaway.—SalivaLikod.—BackLimá.—FiveLiwanag.—ClearnessLokso.—JumpLohá.—TearLorâ.—SpitLotò.—CookedMManók.—ChickenMatá.—EyeMatambók.—FatMay.—There is, etc.Maya.—A kind of birdNNipá.—NipáNipis.—ThinnessNosuos.—To rubOOgát.—Vein, nerveOlo.—HeadOo.—YesOpa.—PaymentOtag.—DebtOwák.—RavenOwáy.—VinePPakpak.—Applause with palmsPait.—BitternessPalad.—Palm of the handPatay.—KillPati.—Also, withPatog̃.—To place overPayog̃.—UmbrellaPaypay.—FanPili.—A tree so calledPili.—To selectPingan.—PlatePitó.—SevenPokpok.—To beatPola.—RedPosod.—NavelSSa.—To, at, from, on, etc.Sabaw.—BrothSakay.—To embarkSakit.—SicknessSagig̃.—BananaSaló.—ReceiveSaway.—To correctSawsaw.—To washSiko.—ElbowSig̃ba.—To adoreSili.—PepperSiyá.—He, sheSiyam.—NineSoka.—To vomitSog̃ay.—HornSolog̃.—ForwardSonod.—FollowSonog.—FireTTáas.—HeightTabas.—To cutTadtad.—To prickTag̃is.—To weepTahí.—To sewTimog.—SouthTiyán.—BellyTobâ.—A wineTobig.—WaterTobó.—Sugar caneTobò.—Profit, to growTohod.—KneeTohog.—To stringTonóg.—SoundTwad.—To face dawnwardsWWaló.—Eight[130]

WORDS EXACTLY THE SAME IN BISAYAN AND IN TAGALOG

AAko.1—IAgaw.—TosnatchAg̃lit.—A little potAmihan.—North windAnák.—son, daughterAnino.—ShadowApo.—Grandson, grand-daughterApog.—LimeAsawa.—WifeAsín.—Saltaswag̃.—WitchAtáy.—LiverAway.—FightBBaboy.—PigBaga.—Red-hotBagá.—as, likeBaga.—LungBagon.—To raiseBantay.—WatchBantilis.—A kind of rockBasa.—To readBata.—ChildBató.—StoneBawi.—To recoverBayabas.—GuavaBayad.—PayBayáw.—Brother-in-lawBoká.—Open, untiedBokás.—OpenBokó.—KnotBohók.—HairBog̃a.—FruitKKabig.—PullKahoy.—Tree, timber, woodKawayan.—BambooKilala.—To knowKoha.—TakeKólag̃.—InsufficientKota.—WallDDagat.—SeaDahon.—LeaveDalí.—QuickDila.—TongueDogó.—BloodIIbabaw.—OverIkaw.—Thou, youInit.—HeatInóm.—Drink[129]HHabagat.—WestHagdan.—StaircaseHayop.— AnimalHiláw.—UnripeHínay.—SlowHinog.—RipeHógas.—WashLLabis.—ExcessLakbay.—Go overLag̃aw.—FlyLag̃it.—Heaven, skyLalaki.—MaleLaway.—SalivaLikod.—BackLimá.—FiveLiwanag.—ClearnessLokso.—JumpLohá.—TearLorâ.—SpitLotò.—CookedMManók.—ChickenMatá.—EyeMatambók.—FatMay.—There is, etc.Maya.—A kind of birdNNipá.—NipáNipis.—ThinnessNosuos.—To rubOOgát.—Vein, nerveOlo.—HeadOo.—YesOpa.—PaymentOtag.—DebtOwák.—RavenOwáy.—VinePPakpak.—Applause with palmsPait.—BitternessPalad.—Palm of the handPatay.—KillPati.—Also, withPatog̃.—To place overPayog̃.—UmbrellaPaypay.—FanPili.—A tree so calledPili.—To selectPingan.—PlatePitó.—SevenPokpok.—To beatPola.—RedPosod.—NavelSSa.—To, at, from, on, etc.Sabaw.—BrothSakay.—To embarkSakit.—SicknessSagig̃.—BananaSaló.—ReceiveSaway.—To correctSawsaw.—To washSiko.—ElbowSig̃ba.—To adoreSili.—PepperSiyá.—He, sheSiyam.—NineSoka.—To vomitSog̃ay.—HornSolog̃.—ForwardSonod.—FollowSonog.—FireTTáas.—HeightTabas.—To cutTadtad.—To prickTag̃is.—To weepTahí.—To sewTimog.—SouthTiyán.—BellyTobâ.—A wineTobig.—WaterTobó.—Sugar caneTobò.—Profit, to growTohod.—KneeTohog.—To stringTonóg.—SoundTwad.—To face dawnwardsWWaló.—Eight[130]

BBaboy.—PigBaga.—Red-hotBagá.—as, likeBaga.—LungBagon.—To raiseBantay.—WatchBantilis.—A kind of rockBasa.—To readBata.—ChildBató.—StoneBawi.—To recoverBayabas.—GuavaBayad.—PayBayáw.—Brother-in-lawBoká.—Open, untiedBokás.—OpenBokó.—KnotBohók.—HairBog̃a.—Fruit

KKabig.—PullKahoy.—Tree, timber, woodKawayan.—BambooKilala.—To knowKoha.—TakeKólag̃.—InsufficientKota.—Wall

DDagat.—SeaDahon.—LeaveDalí.—QuickDila.—TongueDogó.—Blood

IIbabaw.—OverIkaw.—Thou, youInit.—HeatInóm.—Drink[129]

[129]

HHabagat.—WestHagdan.—StaircaseHayop.— AnimalHiláw.—UnripeHínay.—SlowHinog.—RipeHógas.—Wash

LLabis.—ExcessLakbay.—Go overLag̃aw.—FlyLag̃it.—Heaven, skyLalaki.—MaleLaway.—SalivaLikod.—BackLimá.—FiveLiwanag.—ClearnessLokso.—JumpLohá.—TearLorâ.—SpitLotò.—Cooked

MManók.—ChickenMatá.—EyeMatambók.—FatMay.—There is, etc.Maya.—A kind of bird

NNipá.—NipáNipis.—ThinnessNosuos.—To rub

OOgát.—Vein, nerveOlo.—HeadOo.—YesOpa.—PaymentOtag.—DebtOwák.—RavenOwáy.—Vine

PPakpak.—Applause with palmsPait.—BitternessPalad.—Palm of the handPatay.—KillPati.—Also, withPatog̃.—To place overPayog̃.—UmbrellaPaypay.—FanPili.—A tree so calledPili.—To selectPingan.—PlatePitó.—SevenPokpok.—To beatPola.—RedPosod.—Navel

SSa.—To, at, from, on, etc.Sabaw.—BrothSakay.—To embarkSakit.—SicknessSagig̃.—BananaSaló.—ReceiveSaway.—To correctSawsaw.—To washSiko.—ElbowSig̃ba.—To adoreSili.—PepperSiyá.—He, sheSiyam.—NineSoka.—To vomitSog̃ay.—HornSolog̃.—ForwardSonod.—FollowSonog.—Fire

TTáas.—HeightTabas.—To cutTadtad.—To prickTag̃is.—To weepTahí.—To sewTimog.—SouthTiyán.—BellyTobâ.—A wineTobig.—WaterTobó.—Sugar caneTobò.—Profit, to growTohod.—KneeTohog.—To stringTonóg.—SoundTwad.—To face dawnwards

WWaló.—Eight[130]

[130]

[Contents]WORDS WITH SOME DIALECTAL DIFFERENCESDifferences in the vowelsi,o.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAkonAkinmy, mineAmonAminourAslomAsimacidityAtonAtinourAtópAtíproofBitóonBitúinstarBokogBikigfish-bone, boneBogásBigasriceBog-atBigatweightBoladBiladto sunBog̃olBig̃ídeafKan-onKanincooked riceKaonKainto eatKatolKatíto itch, itchingDámòDamiamount, muchDatóg̃Datig̃to arriveDokótDikitto adhere, adheredDolómDilimdarkGorótGilitsliceHábolHabito weaveHarokHalikkiss, to kissHatodHatidto accompanyHorámHiramto borrowIuomonInuminpotable waterItomItimblackLiogLiigneckPawodPawidweaved nipaSalógSahigfloorSandigSandalto leanTakópTakípcoverTanomTanimplantationTarómTalimedge of a sword, etc.TindokTundoka kind of bananaTindogTindigto standTonokTiníkthorn[131]Differences ink,h,l,r,d,t.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAdlawArawSun, dayAramAlamWisdomBadòBaròChemiseBalayBahayHouseBaloBaoWidow, widowerBalonBaonProvisionBarahiboBalahiboFeather, dawnBariBaliTo breakBolanBwanMoon, monthKagódKáyudTo scrathKalotKámotTo scratchKamóKayóYouKolóKukúNailDalanDaanPath, roadDaragaDalagaYoung girlDigòLigòTo bathDirìHindìNotHadìHarìKingHalabàMahabaLongHalaromMalalimDeepHarayòMalayòFarHigdàHigàTo lay downIrógIlog̃NoseLakátLakadTo walkLawodLáotOceanMahínisMalinisCleanNamokLamokMosquitoNapoloSampùTenParabolPalaboyFavor, gracePiritPilitTo forcePoroPulòIslandRoag̃Lwag̃BroadSalodSahodTo receiveSarapatiKalapatiPigeonSarowalSalawalPantsSiraSilaTheySirag̃SilagTo appearSirog̃Silog̃BeneathSodlaySuklayCombSoratSulatLetterSorokSulokCorner[132]Talig̃aTaig̃aEarTarog̃Talog̃A plantToròTulòDropTorogTulogTo sleepToktokTogtogTo sound, to playDifferences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHBálikBalíkto come backKohàKuhato takeGaódGáodoarHipágHípagsister-in-lawLaónLáonold, ancientSábaySabáysimultaneousTawáTáwalaughKab-itKabítconnectedKam-awKamaoa dishKan-onKanincooked riceKoanKwánso and soGab-iGabíevening, nightSab-aSabáa kind of bananaSab-itSabitto hookTan-awTanawto lookTig-aTigáshardnessTul-idTwidstraightTransformation fromatoo, and viceversa.AlapoopAlapaapcloud, fogKamótKamayhandDohaDalawátwoHabobòMababàlowSokólSukatmeasureTolóTatlothreeOnómAnimsixOpatApatfourOtokUtakbrain[133]

WORDS WITH SOME DIALECTAL DIFFERENCES

Differences in the vowelsi,o.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAkonAkinmy, mineAmonAminourAslomAsimacidityAtonAtinourAtópAtíproofBitóonBitúinstarBokogBikigfish-bone, boneBogásBigasriceBog-atBigatweightBoladBiladto sunBog̃olBig̃ídeafKan-onKanincooked riceKaonKainto eatKatolKatíto itch, itchingDámòDamiamount, muchDatóg̃Datig̃to arriveDokótDikitto adhere, adheredDolómDilimdarkGorótGilitsliceHábolHabito weaveHarokHalikkiss, to kissHatodHatidto accompanyHorámHiramto borrowIuomonInuminpotable waterItomItimblackLiogLiigneckPawodPawidweaved nipaSalógSahigfloorSandigSandalto leanTakópTakípcoverTanomTanimplantationTarómTalimedge of a sword, etc.TindokTundoka kind of bananaTindogTindigto standTonokTiníkthorn[131]Differences ink,h,l,r,d,t.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAdlawArawSun, dayAramAlamWisdomBadòBaròChemiseBalayBahayHouseBaloBaoWidow, widowerBalonBaonProvisionBarahiboBalahiboFeather, dawnBariBaliTo breakBolanBwanMoon, monthKagódKáyudTo scrathKalotKámotTo scratchKamóKayóYouKolóKukúNailDalanDaanPath, roadDaragaDalagaYoung girlDigòLigòTo bathDirìHindìNotHadìHarìKingHalabàMahabaLongHalaromMalalimDeepHarayòMalayòFarHigdàHigàTo lay downIrógIlog̃NoseLakátLakadTo walkLawodLáotOceanMahínisMalinisCleanNamokLamokMosquitoNapoloSampùTenParabolPalaboyFavor, gracePiritPilitTo forcePoroPulòIslandRoag̃Lwag̃BroadSalodSahodTo receiveSarapatiKalapatiPigeonSarowalSalawalPantsSiraSilaTheySirag̃SilagTo appearSirog̃Silog̃BeneathSodlaySuklayCombSoratSulatLetterSorokSulokCorner[132]Talig̃aTaig̃aEarTarog̃Talog̃A plantToròTulòDropTorogTulogTo sleepToktokTogtogTo sound, to playDifferences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHBálikBalíkto come backKohàKuhato takeGaódGáodoarHipágHípagsister-in-lawLaónLáonold, ancientSábaySabáysimultaneousTawáTáwalaughKab-itKabítconnectedKam-awKamaoa dishKan-onKanincooked riceKoanKwánso and soGab-iGabíevening, nightSab-aSabáa kind of bananaSab-itSabitto hookTan-awTanawto lookTig-aTigáshardnessTul-idTwidstraightTransformation fromatoo, and viceversa.AlapoopAlapaapcloud, fogKamótKamayhandDohaDalawátwoHabobòMababàlowSokólSukatmeasureTolóTatlothreeOnómAnimsixOpatApatfourOtokUtakbrain[133]

Differences in the vowelsi,o.

BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAkonAkinmy, mineAmonAminourAslomAsimacidityAtonAtinourAtópAtíproofBitóonBitúinstarBokogBikigfish-bone, boneBogásBigasriceBog-atBigatweightBoladBiladto sunBog̃olBig̃ídeafKan-onKanincooked riceKaonKainto eatKatolKatíto itch, itchingDámòDamiamount, muchDatóg̃Datig̃to arriveDokótDikitto adhere, adheredDolómDilimdarkGorótGilitsliceHábolHabito weaveHarokHalikkiss, to kissHatodHatidto accompanyHorámHiramto borrowIuomonInuminpotable waterItomItimblackLiogLiigneckPawodPawidweaved nipaSalógSahigfloorSandigSandalto leanTakópTakípcoverTanomTanimplantationTarómTalimedge of a sword, etc.TindokTundoka kind of bananaTindogTindigto standTonokTiníkthorn

[131]

Differences ink,h,l,r,d,t.

BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHAdlawArawSun, dayAramAlamWisdomBadòBaròChemiseBalayBahayHouseBaloBaoWidow, widowerBalonBaonProvisionBarahiboBalahiboFeather, dawnBariBaliTo breakBolanBwanMoon, monthKagódKáyudTo scrathKalotKámotTo scratchKamóKayóYouKolóKukúNailDalanDaanPath, roadDaragaDalagaYoung girlDigòLigòTo bathDirìHindìNotHadìHarìKingHalabàMahabaLongHalaromMalalimDeepHarayòMalayòFarHigdàHigàTo lay downIrógIlog̃NoseLakátLakadTo walkLawodLáotOceanMahínisMalinisCleanNamokLamokMosquitoNapoloSampùTenParabolPalaboyFavor, gracePiritPilitTo forcePoroPulòIslandRoag̃Lwag̃BroadSalodSahodTo receiveSarapatiKalapatiPigeonSarowalSalawalPantsSiraSilaTheySirag̃SilagTo appearSirog̃Silog̃BeneathSodlaySuklayCombSoratSulatLetterSorokSulokCorner[132]Talig̃aTaig̃aEarTarog̃Talog̃A plantToròTulòDropTorogTulogTo sleepToktokTogtogTo sound, to play

Differences in the accent, and in the separation of the syllables.

BISAYANTAGALOGENGLISHBálikBalíkto come backKohàKuhato takeGaódGáodoarHipágHípagsister-in-lawLaónLáonold, ancientSábaySabáysimultaneousTawáTáwalaughKab-itKabítconnectedKam-awKamaoa dishKan-onKanincooked riceKoanKwánso and soGab-iGabíevening, nightSab-aSabáa kind of bananaSab-itSabitto hookTan-awTanawto lookTig-aTigáshardnessTul-idTwidstraight

Transformation fromatoo, and viceversa.

AlapoopAlapaapcloud, fogKamótKamayhandDohaDalawátwoHabobòMababàlowSokólSukatmeasureTolóTatlothreeOnómAnimsixOpatApatfourOtokUtakbrain

[133]

1A: We use in these lists the orthography proposed in the first page of this book, as an orthography practically the same is now being much used in Tagalog. But we employ onlythree vowels:a,i,o.↑

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