AAcadia, settlement in,12Agricultural pests,261—— possibilities in the North West,134—— produce of Saskatchewan,195—— prospects in Northern Alberta,223—— —— in Northern Saskatchewan,195Agriculture, height above sea level, its relation to,39Aix la Chapelle, treaty of,12Alberta,222——, coal in,177,187——, gold in,178——, undeveloped state of,133Alaska, coal in,188Angling, Quebec’s famous, waters,43Animal life in Northern Saskatchewan,201—— —— in the Great North Lands,227—— —— on the prairie,260Antimony, where found,179Appalachian region, minerals of the,181Arsenic, where found,179Asbestos, discovery of,34——, location of quarries,179——, value of annual output,42Ashwapmuchuan river, experiences on,38Assiniboine,236Athabasca river, richness in bitumen,186——, salt deposits in,186BBad Lake, plunder and bloodshed at,24Banff,256Barley, most suitable kinds,88Barr colonists and the Government,159—— colony, the,147Battleford,148Bird-life on the prairie,260Birds of Northern Saskatchewan,203Bitumen deposits in Athabasca,186Blackfeet Indians, beliefs of,205—— ——, teaching the children of,206—— ——, the, a spiritual awakening among,207Booth, Mr. J. R., an interview with,56——, ——, on manual labour,72——, ——, some personal incidents,62Breaking the prairie, process of,85British capital in Canada, advice and a warning,189British Columbia,256—— ——, beauty of scenery,256British Columbia, coal in,177,188—— ——, conditions of union,110—— ——, copper in,178—— ——, platinum in,178—— ——, extent of forests,257—— ——, fruit farming in,259—— ——, gold in,174,178—— ——, gold-copper ores in,178—— ——, lead deposits in,178—— ——, mercury found in,178—— ——, salmon fisheries of,242—— ——, silver-lead mines of,178—— ——, undeveloped state of,132—— ——, value of minerals,187—— ——, wolfram deposits in,179—— —— and the Canadian Northern Railway,234Buffalo, exterminating the,29“Buffalo Bill,”30Business ethics, Canadian,189CCanada a century ago,166Canada-Atlantic Railway, early experiences of the,70Canada, discovery of diamonds in,183——, division of,14——, early history of,5,11——, mineral output of,193——, mineral wealth of,173——, mining richness of,177——, population statistics,4,111——, railway extensions in,131,231——, struggles for, between England and France,12——, unification of,14—— and the U.S.A. correspondence of mineral deposits,180—— ——, mineral values compared,181Canadian boundary defined,13Canadian National Exhibition, the,82—— Northern Railway, growth of the,232—— Pacific Railway,seeC.P.R.Canadians, characteristics of the,261——, economic freedom of,262Canneries, labour conditions at,251——, number of, on Fraser River249Canning, new method of,251—— industry, inception of,247Cannery, operations in a,248,250Calgary,113——, irrigation at,125Castlegar,106Cattle-raising in Manitoba, success of,93——, suitability of Northern Saskatchewan for,201Cazakoff, Mr. M. W., on the Dukhobors,106Cereal crops, perfection of, in Northern Alberta,223—— produce of Saskatchewan,195Champlain, Samuel de,12Charles II., interest of, in Hudson Bay,15Chaudière Falls, harnessing the,60Chesterfield,143Chibougamau district, mineral richness of,34Chief Pie-a-Pot, eviction of,120Chinese labour in the Canneries,251Christianity among the Red Indians,206Chromite mines, location of179Church Missionary Society, work of the, among Red Indians,204Churchill,138—— river district, agricultural experiences in,196Churchill district, fertility of,135Climate, excellence of Northern, for agricultural operations,140Coal areas, extent of, in Canada,133,181—— —— in the West,188—— in Alberta,177,187—— in British Columbia,177—— in New Brunswick,177—— in Nova Scotia,177—— in Peace River district,228—— in Saskatchewan,187——, where abundant177Cobalt, nickel deposits in,178——, silver mines of,178——, —— of, how discovered,184Cody, Colonel,30Colonists, early, sufferings of,169—— experiences and life,seeImmigrantsConstitution, the, of 1840,14Copper deposits, location of,174—— in Ontario,178—— in Quebec Province,24,178Copper-mining, great possibilities of, in Keewatin,144Cordilleran Belt, stupendous mineral wealth of the,187Corundum, location of deposits179Cows, best daily breeds for Canada,96C.P.R., annual profits of the,112——, capital of the,115——, completion of the,31——, cost of constructing the,111——, establishment of the trans-Atlantic service,123——, history of the,109——, how the, was built,116——, laying the first track of the,111——, paternal character of the,112C.P.R., present strength of the, trans-Atlantic service,123——, purchase of the, from the Federal Government,111——, rate and value of annual dividend,114——, some engineering triumphs of the,117——, stories of the,113——, total mileage and rolling stock of the,124——, the, and irrigation,125——, the, and its “ready-made farms” scheme,127——, the, and water traffic,123Cree Lake,201—— River,200Cunard, Samuel,2DDairy-farming, prospects in the prairie provinces,97Daylight, duration of,140,145,223Diamonds in Canada,183Dowling, Mr. D. B., opinion on the coal areas,188——, ——, travels in the north,137Dukhobors, beliefs of the,101——, communal life of the,103——, the,99—— and Tolstoy,101Dunvegan,223EEaster-tide among the Blackfeet,208Edmonton,133,222Emigrants, after thirty years,100Emigrants’ experiences,147Emigrants, Government’s care for,149Emigrants in 1811,167——, the raw material,99Emigration, Lord Selkirk’s scheme,166—— from U.S.A. to Canada,4Empress of India, the,123Engineering triumphs of the C.P.R.,117Europe and Western Canada, opening of new route,171Experimental Farms, value of, to settlers,128FFamilies, inducements to large,44Farming elements of success,146—— methods in Manitoba,88—— possibilities, valuable data,38—— prospects in Manitoba,84——, suitability of Northern Alberta for,202——, —— of Northern Saskatchewan for,202Farms, free,237—— on the hire-purchase system,127Federal Government, establishment of,28Federation, benefit to Canada of,111Feldspar, location of deposits,179Fertility, disadvantages of super-abundant,91Finance, mining and,189Fire, a prairie,152,157First European colony in Canada,12—— operations in prairie farming,85Fish, abundance of, in Sakatchewan lakes and rivers,198——, ——, in northern lakes,40——, prolific yields in northern lakes and rivers,142Fish, quantity of, in British Columbia,244Fodder crops, richness of,88Forest lands in Northern Saskatchewan,198,200Fort Chipewyan,224—— Garry,29—— McMurray,224—— Nelson, capitulation of,21—— Providence,224—— Simpson,225Free homesteads,237French rule, end of,13—— weed, prevalence of,261Fruit prospects in Manitoba,98—— ranches in British Columbia,259Fruit-growing, success in Quebec Province,42Fruits, wild, of Northern Saskatchewan,200Fullerton,143Fundy, Bay of, coal fields at the,182Fur traders’ rivalries,23GGas, natural, tapped in Alberta,186Geological comparisons with U.S.A.,180—— research in unexplored Quebec,34—— surveying, constant Government activity in,177Gladstone, William Ewart, an anecdote about,73Gleichen,205Gold in Alberta,178—— in British Columbia,178—— in Keewatin,143—— in Nova Scotia,178—— in Ontario,178—— in Quebec,178Gold in Yukon territory,178—— in Peace River district,228——, value of, produced from Yukon,187Gold-bearing quartz, discovery of,41Government activity in scientific research,173—— aid, value of,153Grain-growing, success of, in Manitoba,88Grain, total, carried by the C.P.R.,116Grand Trunk Pacific Railway,232—— —— —— ——, character of land opened up,235—— —— —— ——, incorporation of,235Graphite, location of deposits,179Grass River district, minerals located in,143Grasses and clovers, cultivation of,88,91Great North Lands, alluring agricultural prospects of,225Growth, rapidity of town-,161Gypsum, where found,179HHamilton, visit to,53Herring, extraordinary prolificness in British Columbia, of,244Homes provided by C.P.R.,127Homesteads, free,237Horse-breeding, Canadian prospects of,92Horse-raising in Manitoba, its history,91Horses, demand for,92——, what breeds are wanted,93House, building the first,155Hudson Bay District, mineral richness of,134—— ——, nature of trading,16—— —— railway, the proposed,134—— —— route to Europe, opening of,171—— Strait, mica deposits at,174Hudson’s Bay Company, early history of,15—— ——, purchase of,28—— —— and Nor’ West Company, amalgamation of,26—— —— war with France,18Hudson’s Bay, Fight of the, and thePelican,19Hume, William, biography of,246Hunting, possibilities of, in Quebec,43IIceberg, description of an,8Ile à la Crosse,197Immigrants, arrival on prairie allotment,152——, building the home,155—— experiences,147——, first operations on own land,152—— journey across country,150—— outfit,148——, plentitude of food,153——, reasons for independence,154——, recreations of,159——, the first rush to the prairie provinces,122Immigrating, Quebec’s unique plan,44Immigration, beginnings of,1Intensive methods of farming, results from,96International Financial Association, operations of,28Investments, Canadian, advice on,189Iron deposits, richest in world,184—— in Nova Scotia,177—— in Ontario,177——, prospects of mining,41—— in Quebec,177Irrigation, extent of, by C.P.R.,125JJacques Cartier, the discoveries of,11Jasper National Park,237KKaksakin’s conversion,206Kansas Pacific Railway, construction of the,30Keewatin, abundance of fish in,142——, agricultural and mineral prospects in,136——, climate of,144——, opening up its resources,132Kicking Horse Pass, building the railway at,118LLac la Rouge,197Lake Winnipeg,138—— ——, fertile lands to the north of,136Land, irrigation of, by C.P.R.,125——, price of under the C.P.R.,125——, value of,43——, farming, where available,84Laurentian plateau, mineral yield,183Laurier, Sir Wilfrid,195Laziness, fatal to farming,161Lead, the, mines of British Columbia,178Lesser Slave Lake,223Lignites, location of,177Limestone deposits, extensive,143Live-stock, history and prospects,91Lloydminster,161Logging, process of,259Low, Mr. A. P., scientific expeditions of,33——, ——, geological explorations of,136Lumber mill, machinery of a,64——, the centre of the industry,57Lumbering, how logs are reduced,63——, how trees are felled,258——, removal of logs,259——, value of annual production,43——, value of the waterways in,61MMachinery, extensive use in agriculture,89McKenzie Bay, Magnetic Rock in,40McKenzie, Mr. Peter, discoveries of,34McInnes, Mr. W., report on vegetation in the north lands,139Macoun, Mr. John, scientific labours of,175Magnesite, where occurring,180Manganese, location of deposits,178Manitoba, beginnings of,28——, its plains and prairie,83——, land awaiting settlement,84——, mineral deposition,186Maple syrup, production of,43Medicine Hat, Irrigation at,125Mercury, production of,178Mesabi iron deposits,184Mica deposits, location of,174,179Mine swindles, how engineered,191Mines, management of,192——, purchasers of, Government advice to,192Mineral deposits of Canada, zones of,181—— ——, parallels with U.S.A.,180—— output of Canada,192—— resources, untouched, in Canada,133—— richness of Hudson Bay district,134—— —— of the North lands,143—— springs at Roche à Miette,238—— wealth of Canada,173Mineralogy of Canada, the Government’s research work,174Mining companies, advice to investors, in,189—— ——, some causes of failure,192—— investments, advice and warning, respecting,189—— richness of Canada,177Missionaries and the Red Indians,204Montreal, early adventurers from,22——, some particulars about,75Mount Royal, founding of,13NNatural gas, discovery of, at Pelican Portage,228Naval engagement, a, of 1697,18Nelson,145Nelson house and district,140New Brunswick, coal in,177New Brunswick, mineral possibilities of,182—— ——, wolfram deposits in,179—— England,12—— France,12—— Hudson Bay line starting point and proposed route,139
AAcadia, settlement in,12Agricultural pests,261—— possibilities in the North West,134—— produce of Saskatchewan,195—— prospects in Northern Alberta,223—— —— in Northern Saskatchewan,195Agriculture, height above sea level, its relation to,39Aix la Chapelle, treaty of,12Alberta,222——, coal in,177,187——, gold in,178——, undeveloped state of,133Alaska, coal in,188Angling, Quebec’s famous, waters,43Animal life in Northern Saskatchewan,201—— —— in the Great North Lands,227—— —— on the prairie,260Antimony, where found,179Appalachian region, minerals of the,181Arsenic, where found,179Asbestos, discovery of,34——, location of quarries,179——, value of annual output,42Ashwapmuchuan river, experiences on,38Assiniboine,236Athabasca river, richness in bitumen,186——, salt deposits in,186BBad Lake, plunder and bloodshed at,24Banff,256Barley, most suitable kinds,88Barr colonists and the Government,159—— colony, the,147Battleford,148Bird-life on the prairie,260Birds of Northern Saskatchewan,203Bitumen deposits in Athabasca,186Blackfeet Indians, beliefs of,205—— ——, teaching the children of,206—— ——, the, a spiritual awakening among,207Booth, Mr. J. R., an interview with,56——, ——, on manual labour,72——, ——, some personal incidents,62Breaking the prairie, process of,85British capital in Canada, advice and a warning,189British Columbia,256—— ——, beauty of scenery,256British Columbia, coal in,177,188—— ——, conditions of union,110—— ——, copper in,178—— ——, platinum in,178—— ——, extent of forests,257—— ——, fruit farming in,259—— ——, gold in,174,178—— ——, gold-copper ores in,178—— ——, lead deposits in,178—— ——, mercury found in,178—— ——, salmon fisheries of,242—— ——, silver-lead mines of,178—— ——, undeveloped state of,132—— ——, value of minerals,187—— ——, wolfram deposits in,179—— —— and the Canadian Northern Railway,234Buffalo, exterminating the,29“Buffalo Bill,”30Business ethics, Canadian,189CCanada a century ago,166Canada-Atlantic Railway, early experiences of the,70Canada, discovery of diamonds in,183——, division of,14——, early history of,5,11——, mineral output of,193——, mineral wealth of,173——, mining richness of,177——, population statistics,4,111——, railway extensions in,131,231——, struggles for, between England and France,12——, unification of,14—— and the U.S.A. correspondence of mineral deposits,180—— ——, mineral values compared,181Canadian boundary defined,13Canadian National Exhibition, the,82—— Northern Railway, growth of the,232—— Pacific Railway,seeC.P.R.Canadians, characteristics of the,261——, economic freedom of,262Canneries, labour conditions at,251——, number of, on Fraser River249Canning, new method of,251—— industry, inception of,247Cannery, operations in a,248,250Calgary,113——, irrigation at,125Castlegar,106Cattle-raising in Manitoba, success of,93——, suitability of Northern Saskatchewan for,201Cazakoff, Mr. M. W., on the Dukhobors,106Cereal crops, perfection of, in Northern Alberta,223—— produce of Saskatchewan,195Champlain, Samuel de,12Charles II., interest of, in Hudson Bay,15Chaudière Falls, harnessing the,60Chesterfield,143Chibougamau district, mineral richness of,34Chief Pie-a-Pot, eviction of,120Chinese labour in the Canneries,251Christianity among the Red Indians,206Chromite mines, location of179Church Missionary Society, work of the, among Red Indians,204Churchill,138—— river district, agricultural experiences in,196Churchill district, fertility of,135Climate, excellence of Northern, for agricultural operations,140Coal areas, extent of, in Canada,133,181—— —— in the West,188—— in Alberta,177,187—— in British Columbia,177—— in New Brunswick,177—— in Nova Scotia,177—— in Peace River district,228—— in Saskatchewan,187——, where abundant177Cobalt, nickel deposits in,178——, silver mines of,178——, —— of, how discovered,184Cody, Colonel,30Colonists, early, sufferings of,169—— experiences and life,seeImmigrantsConstitution, the, of 1840,14Copper deposits, location of,174—— in Ontario,178—— in Quebec Province,24,178Copper-mining, great possibilities of, in Keewatin,144Cordilleran Belt, stupendous mineral wealth of the,187Corundum, location of deposits179Cows, best daily breeds for Canada,96C.P.R., annual profits of the,112——, capital of the,115——, completion of the,31——, cost of constructing the,111——, establishment of the trans-Atlantic service,123——, history of the,109——, how the, was built,116——, laying the first track of the,111——, paternal character of the,112C.P.R., present strength of the, trans-Atlantic service,123——, purchase of the, from the Federal Government,111——, rate and value of annual dividend,114——, some engineering triumphs of the,117——, stories of the,113——, total mileage and rolling stock of the,124——, the, and irrigation,125——, the, and its “ready-made farms” scheme,127——, the, and water traffic,123Cree Lake,201—— River,200Cunard, Samuel,2DDairy-farming, prospects in the prairie provinces,97Daylight, duration of,140,145,223Diamonds in Canada,183Dowling, Mr. D. B., opinion on the coal areas,188——, ——, travels in the north,137Dukhobors, beliefs of the,101——, communal life of the,103——, the,99—— and Tolstoy,101Dunvegan,223EEaster-tide among the Blackfeet,208Edmonton,133,222Emigrants, after thirty years,100Emigrants’ experiences,147Emigrants, Government’s care for,149Emigrants in 1811,167——, the raw material,99Emigration, Lord Selkirk’s scheme,166—— from U.S.A. to Canada,4Empress of India, the,123Engineering triumphs of the C.P.R.,117Europe and Western Canada, opening of new route,171Experimental Farms, value of, to settlers,128FFamilies, inducements to large,44Farming elements of success,146—— methods in Manitoba,88—— possibilities, valuable data,38—— prospects in Manitoba,84——, suitability of Northern Alberta for,202——, —— of Northern Saskatchewan for,202Farms, free,237—— on the hire-purchase system,127Federal Government, establishment of,28Federation, benefit to Canada of,111Feldspar, location of deposits,179Fertility, disadvantages of super-abundant,91Finance, mining and,189Fire, a prairie,152,157First European colony in Canada,12—— operations in prairie farming,85Fish, abundance of, in Sakatchewan lakes and rivers,198——, ——, in northern lakes,40——, prolific yields in northern lakes and rivers,142Fish, quantity of, in British Columbia,244Fodder crops, richness of,88Forest lands in Northern Saskatchewan,198,200Fort Chipewyan,224—— Garry,29—— McMurray,224—— Nelson, capitulation of,21—— Providence,224—— Simpson,225Free homesteads,237French rule, end of,13—— weed, prevalence of,261Fruit prospects in Manitoba,98—— ranches in British Columbia,259Fruit-growing, success in Quebec Province,42Fruits, wild, of Northern Saskatchewan,200Fullerton,143Fundy, Bay of, coal fields at the,182Fur traders’ rivalries,23GGas, natural, tapped in Alberta,186Geological comparisons with U.S.A.,180—— research in unexplored Quebec,34—— surveying, constant Government activity in,177Gladstone, William Ewart, an anecdote about,73Gleichen,205Gold in Alberta,178—— in British Columbia,178—— in Keewatin,143—— in Nova Scotia,178—— in Ontario,178—— in Quebec,178Gold in Yukon territory,178—— in Peace River district,228——, value of, produced from Yukon,187Gold-bearing quartz, discovery of,41Government activity in scientific research,173—— aid, value of,153Grain-growing, success of, in Manitoba,88Grain, total, carried by the C.P.R.,116Grand Trunk Pacific Railway,232—— —— —— ——, character of land opened up,235—— —— —— ——, incorporation of,235Graphite, location of deposits,179Grass River district, minerals located in,143Grasses and clovers, cultivation of,88,91Great North Lands, alluring agricultural prospects of,225Growth, rapidity of town-,161Gypsum, where found,179HHamilton, visit to,53Herring, extraordinary prolificness in British Columbia, of,244Homes provided by C.P.R.,127Homesteads, free,237Horse-breeding, Canadian prospects of,92Horse-raising in Manitoba, its history,91Horses, demand for,92——, what breeds are wanted,93House, building the first,155Hudson Bay District, mineral richness of,134—— ——, nature of trading,16—— —— railway, the proposed,134—— —— route to Europe, opening of,171—— Strait, mica deposits at,174Hudson’s Bay Company, early history of,15—— ——, purchase of,28—— —— and Nor’ West Company, amalgamation of,26—— —— war with France,18Hudson’s Bay, Fight of the, and thePelican,19Hume, William, biography of,246Hunting, possibilities of, in Quebec,43IIceberg, description of an,8Ile à la Crosse,197Immigrants, arrival on prairie allotment,152——, building the home,155—— experiences,147——, first operations on own land,152—— journey across country,150—— outfit,148——, plentitude of food,153——, reasons for independence,154——, recreations of,159——, the first rush to the prairie provinces,122Immigrating, Quebec’s unique plan,44Immigration, beginnings of,1Intensive methods of farming, results from,96International Financial Association, operations of,28Investments, Canadian, advice on,189Iron deposits, richest in world,184—— in Nova Scotia,177—— in Ontario,177——, prospects of mining,41—— in Quebec,177Irrigation, extent of, by C.P.R.,125JJacques Cartier, the discoveries of,11Jasper National Park,237KKaksakin’s conversion,206Kansas Pacific Railway, construction of the,30Keewatin, abundance of fish in,142——, agricultural and mineral prospects in,136——, climate of,144——, opening up its resources,132Kicking Horse Pass, building the railway at,118LLac la Rouge,197Lake Winnipeg,138—— ——, fertile lands to the north of,136Land, irrigation of, by C.P.R.,125——, price of under the C.P.R.,125——, value of,43——, farming, where available,84Laurentian plateau, mineral yield,183Laurier, Sir Wilfrid,195Laziness, fatal to farming,161Lead, the, mines of British Columbia,178Lesser Slave Lake,223Lignites, location of,177Limestone deposits, extensive,143Live-stock, history and prospects,91Lloydminster,161Logging, process of,259Low, Mr. A. P., scientific expeditions of,33——, ——, geological explorations of,136Lumber mill, machinery of a,64——, the centre of the industry,57Lumbering, how logs are reduced,63——, how trees are felled,258——, removal of logs,259——, value of annual production,43——, value of the waterways in,61MMachinery, extensive use in agriculture,89McKenzie Bay, Magnetic Rock in,40McKenzie, Mr. Peter, discoveries of,34McInnes, Mr. W., report on vegetation in the north lands,139Macoun, Mr. John, scientific labours of,175Magnesite, where occurring,180Manganese, location of deposits,178Manitoba, beginnings of,28——, its plains and prairie,83——, land awaiting settlement,84——, mineral deposition,186Maple syrup, production of,43Medicine Hat, Irrigation at,125Mercury, production of,178Mesabi iron deposits,184Mica deposits, location of,174,179Mine swindles, how engineered,191Mines, management of,192——, purchasers of, Government advice to,192Mineral deposits of Canada, zones of,181—— ——, parallels with U.S.A.,180—— output of Canada,192—— resources, untouched, in Canada,133—— richness of Hudson Bay district,134—— —— of the North lands,143—— springs at Roche à Miette,238—— wealth of Canada,173Mineralogy of Canada, the Government’s research work,174Mining companies, advice to investors, in,189—— ——, some causes of failure,192—— investments, advice and warning, respecting,189—— richness of Canada,177Missionaries and the Red Indians,204Montreal, early adventurers from,22——, some particulars about,75Mount Royal, founding of,13NNatural gas, discovery of, at Pelican Portage,228Naval engagement, a, of 1697,18Nelson,145Nelson house and district,140New Brunswick, coal in,177New Brunswick, mineral possibilities of,182—— ——, wolfram deposits in,179—— England,12—— France,12—— Hudson Bay line starting point and proposed route,139
A
Acadia, settlement in,12
Agricultural pests,261
—— possibilities in the North West,134
—— produce of Saskatchewan,195
—— prospects in Northern Alberta,223
—— —— in Northern Saskatchewan,195
Agriculture, height above sea level, its relation to,39
Aix la Chapelle, treaty of,12
Alberta,222
——, coal in,177,187
——, gold in,178
——, undeveloped state of,133
Alaska, coal in,188
Angling, Quebec’s famous, waters,43
Animal life in Northern Saskatchewan,201
—— —— in the Great North Lands,227
—— —— on the prairie,260
Antimony, where found,179
Appalachian region, minerals of the,181
Arsenic, where found,179
Asbestos, discovery of,34
——, location of quarries,179
——, value of annual output,42
Ashwapmuchuan river, experiences on,38
Assiniboine,236
Athabasca river, richness in bitumen,186
——, salt deposits in,186
B
Bad Lake, plunder and bloodshed at,24
Banff,256
Barley, most suitable kinds,88
Barr colonists and the Government,159
—— colony, the,147
Battleford,148
Bird-life on the prairie,260
Birds of Northern Saskatchewan,203
Bitumen deposits in Athabasca,186
Blackfeet Indians, beliefs of,205
—— ——, teaching the children of,206
—— ——, the, a spiritual awakening among,207
Booth, Mr. J. R., an interview with,56
——, ——, on manual labour,72
——, ——, some personal incidents,62
Breaking the prairie, process of,85
British capital in Canada, advice and a warning,189
British Columbia,256
—— ——, beauty of scenery,256
British Columbia, coal in,177,188
—— ——, conditions of union,110
—— ——, copper in,178
—— ——, platinum in,178
—— ——, extent of forests,257
—— ——, fruit farming in,259
—— ——, gold in,174,178
—— ——, gold-copper ores in,178
—— ——, lead deposits in,178
—— ——, mercury found in,178
—— ——, salmon fisheries of,242
—— ——, silver-lead mines of,178
—— ——, undeveloped state of,132
—— ——, value of minerals,187
—— ——, wolfram deposits in,179
—— —— and the Canadian Northern Railway,234
Buffalo, exterminating the,29
“Buffalo Bill,”30
Business ethics, Canadian,189
C
Canada a century ago,166
Canada-Atlantic Railway, early experiences of the,70
Canada, discovery of diamonds in,183
——, division of,14
——, early history of,5,11
——, mineral output of,193
——, mineral wealth of,173
——, mining richness of,177
——, population statistics,4,111
——, railway extensions in,131,231
——, struggles for, between England and France,12
——, unification of,14
—— and the U.S.A. correspondence of mineral deposits,180
—— ——, mineral values compared,181
Canadian boundary defined,13
Canadian National Exhibition, the,82
—— Northern Railway, growth of the,232
—— Pacific Railway,seeC.P.R.
Canadians, characteristics of the,261
——, economic freedom of,262
Canneries, labour conditions at,251
——, number of, on Fraser River249
Canning, new method of,251
—— industry, inception of,247
Cannery, operations in a,248,250
Calgary,113
——, irrigation at,125
Castlegar,106
Cattle-raising in Manitoba, success of,93
——, suitability of Northern Saskatchewan for,201
Cazakoff, Mr. M. W., on the Dukhobors,106
Cereal crops, perfection of, in Northern Alberta,223
—— produce of Saskatchewan,195
Champlain, Samuel de,12
Charles II., interest of, in Hudson Bay,15
Chaudière Falls, harnessing the,60
Chesterfield,143
Chibougamau district, mineral richness of,34
Chief Pie-a-Pot, eviction of,120
Chinese labour in the Canneries,251
Christianity among the Red Indians,206
Chromite mines, location of179
Church Missionary Society, work of the, among Red Indians,204
Churchill,138
—— river district, agricultural experiences in,196
Churchill district, fertility of,135
Climate, excellence of Northern, for agricultural operations,140
Coal areas, extent of, in Canada,133,181
—— —— in the West,188
—— in Alberta,177,187
—— in British Columbia,177
—— in New Brunswick,177
—— in Nova Scotia,177
—— in Peace River district,228
—— in Saskatchewan,187
——, where abundant177
Cobalt, nickel deposits in,178
——, silver mines of,178
——, —— of, how discovered,184
Cody, Colonel,30
Colonists, early, sufferings of,169
—— experiences and life,seeImmigrants
Constitution, the, of 1840,14
Copper deposits, location of,174
—— in Ontario,178
—— in Quebec Province,24,178
Copper-mining, great possibilities of, in Keewatin,144
Cordilleran Belt, stupendous mineral wealth of the,187
Corundum, location of deposits179
Cows, best daily breeds for Canada,96
C.P.R., annual profits of the,112
——, capital of the,115
——, completion of the,31
——, cost of constructing the,111
——, establishment of the trans-Atlantic service,123
——, history of the,109
——, how the, was built,116
——, laying the first track of the,111
——, paternal character of the,112
C.P.R., present strength of the, trans-Atlantic service,123
——, purchase of the, from the Federal Government,111
——, rate and value of annual dividend,114
——, some engineering triumphs of the,117
——, stories of the,113
——, total mileage and rolling stock of the,124
——, the, and irrigation,125
——, the, and its “ready-made farms” scheme,127
——, the, and water traffic,123
Cree Lake,201
—— River,200
Cunard, Samuel,2
D
Dairy-farming, prospects in the prairie provinces,97
Daylight, duration of,140,145,223
Diamonds in Canada,183
Dowling, Mr. D. B., opinion on the coal areas,188
——, ——, travels in the north,137
Dukhobors, beliefs of the,101
——, communal life of the,103
——, the,99
—— and Tolstoy,101
Dunvegan,223
E
Easter-tide among the Blackfeet,208
Edmonton,133,222
Emigrants, after thirty years,100
Emigrants’ experiences,147
Emigrants, Government’s care for,149
Emigrants in 1811,167
——, the raw material,99
Emigration, Lord Selkirk’s scheme,166
—— from U.S.A. to Canada,4
Empress of India, the,123
Engineering triumphs of the C.P.R.,117
Europe and Western Canada, opening of new route,171
Experimental Farms, value of, to settlers,128
F
Families, inducements to large,44
Farming elements of success,146
—— methods in Manitoba,88
—— possibilities, valuable data,38
—— prospects in Manitoba,84
——, suitability of Northern Alberta for,202
——, —— of Northern Saskatchewan for,202
Farms, free,237
—— on the hire-purchase system,127
Federal Government, establishment of,28
Federation, benefit to Canada of,111
Feldspar, location of deposits,179
Fertility, disadvantages of super-abundant,91
Finance, mining and,189
Fire, a prairie,152,157
First European colony in Canada,12
—— operations in prairie farming,85
Fish, abundance of, in Sakatchewan lakes and rivers,198
——, ——, in northern lakes,40
——, prolific yields in northern lakes and rivers,142
Fish, quantity of, in British Columbia,244
Fodder crops, richness of,88
Forest lands in Northern Saskatchewan,198,200
Fort Chipewyan,224
—— Garry,29
—— McMurray,224
—— Nelson, capitulation of,21
—— Providence,224
—— Simpson,225
Free homesteads,237
French rule, end of,13
—— weed, prevalence of,261
Fruit prospects in Manitoba,98
—— ranches in British Columbia,259
Fruit-growing, success in Quebec Province,42
Fruits, wild, of Northern Saskatchewan,200
Fullerton,143
Fundy, Bay of, coal fields at the,182
Fur traders’ rivalries,23
G
Gas, natural, tapped in Alberta,186
Geological comparisons with U.S.A.,180
—— research in unexplored Quebec,34
—— surveying, constant Government activity in,177
Gladstone, William Ewart, an anecdote about,73
Gleichen,205
Gold in Alberta,178
—— in British Columbia,178
—— in Keewatin,143
—— in Nova Scotia,178
—— in Ontario,178
—— in Quebec,178
Gold in Yukon territory,178
—— in Peace River district,228
——, value of, produced from Yukon,187
Gold-bearing quartz, discovery of,41
Government activity in scientific research,173
—— aid, value of,153
Grain-growing, success of, in Manitoba,88
Grain, total, carried by the C.P.R.,116
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway,232
—— —— —— ——, character of land opened up,235
—— —— —— ——, incorporation of,235
Graphite, location of deposits,179
Grass River district, minerals located in,143
Grasses and clovers, cultivation of,88,91
Great North Lands, alluring agricultural prospects of,225
Growth, rapidity of town-,161
Gypsum, where found,179
H
Hamilton, visit to,53
Herring, extraordinary prolificness in British Columbia, of,244
Homes provided by C.P.R.,127
Homesteads, free,237
Horse-breeding, Canadian prospects of,92
Horse-raising in Manitoba, its history,91
Horses, demand for,92
——, what breeds are wanted,93
House, building the first,155
Hudson Bay District, mineral richness of,134
—— ——, nature of trading,16
—— —— railway, the proposed,134
—— —— route to Europe, opening of,171
—— Strait, mica deposits at,174
Hudson’s Bay Company, early history of,15
—— ——, purchase of,28
—— —— and Nor’ West Company, amalgamation of,26
—— —— war with France,18
Hudson’s Bay, Fight of the, and thePelican,19
Hume, William, biography of,246
Hunting, possibilities of, in Quebec,43
I
Iceberg, description of an,8
Ile à la Crosse,197
Immigrants, arrival on prairie allotment,152
——, building the home,155
—— experiences,147
——, first operations on own land,152
—— journey across country,150
—— outfit,148
——, plentitude of food,153
——, reasons for independence,154
——, recreations of,159
——, the first rush to the prairie provinces,122
Immigrating, Quebec’s unique plan,44
Immigration, beginnings of,1
Intensive methods of farming, results from,96
International Financial Association, operations of,28
Investments, Canadian, advice on,189
Iron deposits, richest in world,184
—— in Nova Scotia,177
—— in Ontario,177
——, prospects of mining,41
—— in Quebec,177
Irrigation, extent of, by C.P.R.,125
J
Jacques Cartier, the discoveries of,11
Jasper National Park,237
K
Kaksakin’s conversion,206
Kansas Pacific Railway, construction of the,30
Keewatin, abundance of fish in,142
——, agricultural and mineral prospects in,136
——, climate of,144
——, opening up its resources,132
Kicking Horse Pass, building the railway at,118
L
Lac la Rouge,197
Lake Winnipeg,138
—— ——, fertile lands to the north of,136
Land, irrigation of, by C.P.R.,125
——, price of under the C.P.R.,125
——, value of,43
——, farming, where available,84
Laurentian plateau, mineral yield,183
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid,195
Laziness, fatal to farming,161
Lead, the, mines of British Columbia,178
Lesser Slave Lake,223
Lignites, location of,177
Limestone deposits, extensive,143
Live-stock, history and prospects,91
Lloydminster,161
Logging, process of,259
Low, Mr. A. P., scientific expeditions of,33
——, ——, geological explorations of,136
Lumber mill, machinery of a,64
——, the centre of the industry,57
Lumbering, how logs are reduced,63
——, how trees are felled,258
——, removal of logs,259
——, value of annual production,43
——, value of the waterways in,61
M
Machinery, extensive use in agriculture,89
McKenzie Bay, Magnetic Rock in,40
McKenzie, Mr. Peter, discoveries of,34
McInnes, Mr. W., report on vegetation in the north lands,139
Macoun, Mr. John, scientific labours of,175
Magnesite, where occurring,180
Manganese, location of deposits,178
Manitoba, beginnings of,28
——, its plains and prairie,83
——, land awaiting settlement,84
——, mineral deposition,186
Maple syrup, production of,43
Medicine Hat, Irrigation at,125
Mercury, production of,178
Mesabi iron deposits,184
Mica deposits, location of,174,179
Mine swindles, how engineered,191
Mines, management of,192
——, purchasers of, Government advice to,192
Mineral deposits of Canada, zones of,181
—— ——, parallels with U.S.A.,180
—— output of Canada,192
—— resources, untouched, in Canada,133
—— richness of Hudson Bay district,134
—— —— of the North lands,143
—— springs at Roche à Miette,238
—— wealth of Canada,173
Mineralogy of Canada, the Government’s research work,174
Mining companies, advice to investors, in,189
—— ——, some causes of failure,192
—— investments, advice and warning, respecting,189
—— richness of Canada,177
Missionaries and the Red Indians,204
Montreal, early adventurers from,22
——, some particulars about,75
Mount Royal, founding of,13
N
Natural gas, discovery of, at Pelican Portage,228
Naval engagement, a, of 1697,18
Nelson,145
Nelson house and district,140
New Brunswick, coal in,177
New Brunswick, mineral possibilities of,182
—— ——, wolfram deposits in,179
—— England,12
—— France,12
—— Hudson Bay line starting point and proposed route,139