Aargau,231.Abbaside Khalifs,23.Abd-el-Kader,247.Abdallah, King of Granada,1.Abdul Hamed, Sultan of Turkey,140.Abdul Mejid, Sultan of Turkey,115.Aboyne, Lord,42.Abyssinia,2,172.Acre,134.Adams, Samuel,91,171.Adansi,96.Addison, Joseph,139.Adige (River),154.Adjanta Ghât,235.Adrian I, Pope,78.Adrian IV, Pope,3.Adrian VI, Pope,218.Adrianople,3.Adolphus Frederick of Holstein,2.Æthelfled,95,141.Æthelred I,176.Æthelred the Unready,72,104,118,221.Æthelstan,117.Æthelwulf,193.Afghanistan,103,105,166,188,217,234.Afridis,105,166.Agilulf, King of the Lombards,129.Ahausen,204.Ahmed I, Sultan of Turkey,174.Ahmednaggar,235.Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of,20,201.Alabama,112.Alabama claims,275.Alaska,11,26.Albania,130,277.Albert II, Emperor,201.Albert of Brandenburg,251.Albuquerque, Alfonso d’,200.Alemtejo,97.Alençon,106.Alençon, Duc d’,201.Alexander III, Pope,3,48,190.Alexander IV, Pope,150.Alexander V, Pope,122,196,226.Alexander VI, Pope,75,122,222.Alexander I of Russia,261.Alexander II of Russia,174,230.Alexander I of Scotland,232.Alexander III of Scotland,156.Alexandria,13,70.Alfonso I of Aragon,93.Alfonso III of Aragon,13.Alfonso V of Spain,102.Alfonso VI of Spain,53.Alfonso the Wise,234.Alfred the Great,79,141,160,170,276.Algarves,97.Algeria,233,247.Allahabad,27,125.Allen, Cardinal,3.Alsace,99,163,191,277.Althorp, Lord,128.Alva, Duke of,33,245.Amadeus V of Savoy,12.Amatongaland,246.Amazon (River),43.Amboyna,239.Amiens,270.Amoy,180.Amsterdam,225.Amurath I, Sultan of Turkey,131.Anabaptists,213.Anatolia,14.Ancona,256.Andrassy, Count,10.Andres, Last of the Incas,213.Andrew II of Hungary,107.Anglo-Saxons,34,39,50,82,88,92,95,96,100,103,104,116,117,118,122,142,149,156,160,181,221,222,232,238,249,251,260,263,272,276,278.Angola,63.Angus, Archibald Sixth Earl of,18.Aniello, Tommaso,161.Anjou,1,38,101.Annam,31,99,121,254.Anne Boleyn,244.Anne de Joyeuse,217.Anne of England,37,88,149,192,203,206,231,246,253,267.Anne of Austria,82.Anne, Regent of France,112,124.Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury,26.Anspach,204,227.Antigua,38.Antrim,242.Antwerp,101,158,239,274.Appenzell,144,252.Arabi Pasha,81.Arabia,166,274.Arad,122.Aragon,13,135,167.Arbitration Tribunal,113.Archaicus of Scotland,253.Arcis-sur-Aube,15.Ardalian,28.Ardrossan,274.Argentine Republic,104,196,259,269.Argyll, Archibald Fifth Earl of,69.Argyll, Archibald Eighth Earl of,124,213,214.Arizona,103.Arkansas,26.Arlington, Henry Earl of,42.Armagnacs,185,262.Armellini,218.Armenians,112,118.Arminians,65,79,108,213.Armstrong, William,138.Arnauld, Antoine,131,199.Arnold of Brescia,117.Arracan,280.Arteveldt, James van,39.Artois,105,158,205.Ashanti,96.Ashbourne, Lord,128.Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury,42.Assi,60.Assumptionists,18.Atalanta,232.Athens,78.Athole, Earl of,206.Atterbury, Bishop,19.Auckland, Lord,234.Auerstadt, Battle of,31.Augsburg Confession,203,227,249.Augsburg, Diet of,235.Augsburg, League of,220.Augsburg, Religious Peace of,212.Augustinus,124,131.Augustus II of Poland,197,224.Austerlitz, Battle of,253.Australia,20,91,100,124.Austrian Succession, War of the,201.Auxerre,15.Avalos, Ferdinand de,225.Avignon,256.Azores,75.Azov,140,204.Babek,136.Bacon, Nathaniel,21,109.Baden,105,202,215.Bagimont of Vicci,21.Baillie of Jerviswood,132.Baji Rao II,25.Bakunin, Michael,127.Balaclava, Battle of,73.Balasore,75.Baldwin I of Flanders,37.Balfour, A. J.,98.Balfour, Sir James,69.Ballard, Father,21.Balliol, Edward,67,156.Balliol, John,256.Baltic,239,251,278.Baltimore, Lord,161.Banér, Johan Gustafsson,148.Bantry Bay,175.Baramahal,230.Barbaroux,92.Barbés,222.Barbiano, Count,221.Barcelona,64.Barclay, Sir George,16.Barebone, Praise-God,23,176.Barlaymont,65.Barlow, Sir George,155.Barneveldt, Jan van Olden,15.Baro (River),2.Baroda,23.Barré, Isaac,238.Barrot, Odilon,61.Barton, Elizabeth,177.Basle,225,252.Bassano, Duc de,164,254.Bassein,193,245.Basutos,7,124,175,237,251.Batapins,242.Bates’ Case,35.Bath, William, Earl of,233.Batman, John,199.Batoum,28.Bautzen, Battle of,236.Bavaria,19,25,103,105,150,215,221,235,271.Bayard, Seigneur de,52.Bayonne, I.Beaconsfield, Lord,28.Beaugé, Battle of,262.Bechuanaland,136,168,242.Becket, Thomas à,65.Bedford, John, Duke of,94.Bedford, John, Fourth Duke of,26.Belesme,106.Belfort,100.Belgium,7,27,45,57,151,154,187,215,228.Benedict IX, Pope,37.Benedict XII, Pope,213.Benedict XIII, Pope,196.Bengal,281.Benigsen, Baron,171.Berar,75,198.Bérenger, Loi,150.Berg,215.Berghem,158.Berlichingen, Götz von,130,191.Berlin,4,63,134.Berlin Congress,120,224.Bermudez,88.Bernadotte,137.Bernard,222.Berne,46,84,146,200,208,231,256.Berri, Duc de,63.Berry, Sir Graham,86.Bessarabia,27,28.Bessborough, Earl of,29.Beza,58.Bezuidenhoot, Jan,236.Billioray,60.Birmingham,210.Biron, Baron de,30.Biscay,46.Bismarck, Otto von,33,46,48,99,112,120,129,134,164,212,214.Black Sea,5,27,32,47,136,188,220.Blackburn,32.Blackheath,96.Blaine, J. G.,35,185,248.Blair, F. P.,139.Blanche of Castile,24.Bland, Mr.,32.Blanqui, Louis Auguste,60,222.Blennerhassett, Harman,42.Bligh, Admiral,36.Bloemfontein,33.Blount, Sir James,239.Blucher, Marshal,98.Blue Nile,2.Boccold, John,9.Boer War,4,61,114,157,171,269.Bogdan of Moldavia,166.Bohemia,157,168,179,180,201,202,280.Bolingbroke, Henry, Viscount,178,190.Bolivar, Simon,109,147,255.Bolivia,9,184,225.Bologna,10,145.Bombay,35,189.Bond, Sir Robert,35.Boniface VIII, Pope,56,146,191,264.Bonnivard, François de,203.Booth, John Wilkes,35.Bordeaux,1,182,196.Boris of Russia,75.Bosnia,28,217.Bosphorus,188,266.Bossuet,56,211.Boston,36,69,211,249.Bothwell,48,69.Bouillon, Godefroi de,56,146.Boulanger, General,36.Boulogne,36,48.Boulonnais,15.Bourbon, Adalbert de,172.Bourbon, Cardinal de,133.Bourbon, Duc de,29,201.Bourbon, General de,32.Bourbons,46,276.Bourges,190.Bover,126.Boycott, Captain,37.Boyens, Adrian,225.Brabant,76,105,133,163.Bradlaugh, Charles,203.Braemar, Hunting of,122.Brahminism,16,37,104,139,234,244,245,268.Brazil,43,74,87,256,259,261.Breda,38.Brederode, Count Henry of,112.Bregenz,144.Bremen,100,114,242,277.Brescia,117.Bresse,256.Brétigny, Peace of,100,277.Bretwalda,117.Bridgwater,138.Briel,49.Bright, John,3,39,101,120,260.Brissot, J.P.,39.Bristol,39.British Columbia,11,45.British Guiana,180,227,269.British South Africa Company,131.Brittany,18,38,106.Brittany, Duke of,29,63.Brooke, George,42.Brown, John,115.Brown, Major-General,1.Brownists,125.Bruce, Robert,176,209.Bruges,107,158.Brunswick, Duke of,31.Brussels,40,193.Buccleugh, Lord of,138.Bucer, Martin,251.Buchanan, Mr.,183.Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of,42.Bulgaria,6,24,28,41,