ἐπίκοινος.1504.Common(i.e. belonging equally to both). Lat.communis.
ἐπικός.2142,2747.Epic.Lat.epicus. ἐπικὴ ποίησις =epic poetry.
ἐπικρύπτειν.13416,19810.To hide,to veil. Lat.occultare.
ἐπιλαμπρύνειν.1442.To make crisp and clear.Lat.clarum reddere. Cp. Plut.Mor.912Cκαὶ οἱ βάτραχοι, προσδοκῶντες ὄμβρον, ἐπιλαμπρύνουσι τὴν φωνὴν ὑπὸ χαρᾶς.
ἐπίρρημα.7021.Adverb.Lat.adverbium.
ἐπισκοτεῖν.13414,2601.To overshadow.Lat.obscurare.
ἐπίστασις.681.Attention.Lat.cura. Cp. ἀνεπιστάτως,heedlessly,746: so Long.de Subl.xxxiii. 4 ὑπὸ μεγαλοφυΐας ἀνεπιστάτως παρενηνεγμένα, ‘introduced with all the heedlessness of genius.’
ἐπιστήμη.10415,1108,1245, 21,1343.Knowledge,science. Lat.scientia.
ἐπίτασις.2105.Tightening.Lat.intentio.
ἐπιτάφιος.1162,1781,1808.Funeral speech(sub. λόγος). Lat.oratio funebris.
ἐπιταχύνειν.2048, 22.To quicken.Lat.accelerare.
ἐπιτείνειν.1264.To raise the pitch.Lat.intendere.
ἐπιτερπής.22812.Delightful.Lat.iucundus.
ἐπιτετηδευμένως.26025.Deliberately.Lat.de industria. Cp. ἐπιτηδεύειν13618, and ἀνεπιτήδευτος (p.288supra).
ἐπιτήδευσις.706,21219.Pains,study. Lat.studium,industria.
ἐπιτρόχαλος.18014.Running,tripping. Lat.velox,volubilis. Cp.de Demosth.c. 40 ἐπιτρόχαλος δή τις γίνεται καὶ καταφερὴς ἡ ῥύσις τῆς λέξεως, ὥσπερ κατὰ πρανοῦς φερόμενα χωρίου νάματα μηδενὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντικρούοντος.—In Hom.Il.iii. 213 ἐπιτροχάδην =trippingly,unfalteringly.
ἐπιτυχής.26813.Successful.Lat.voti compos.
ἐπιφέρειν.8816.To quote.Lat.citare,laudare,proferre. Cp. Demetr. p. 281.
ἐποποιός.1942,23615.Epic poet.Lat.poëta epicus. So τὰ ἔπη (27019) =versus epici.
ἐποχή.2042.Delay,suspense. Lat.impedimentum,retentio.
ἐπῳδός.19412,2789.After-song,coda,epode. In this sense (that of the part of a lyric ode which is sung after the strophe and antistrophe) the word is feminine. In19420, if the masculine ὀλίγοις is rightly read, the special meaning of ἐπῳδός will berefrain,burden: a meaning somewhat nearer that of the Latinepodos.
ἐρείδειν.14213.To thrust.Lat.trudere. So ἔρεισις2044. In21016 ἐρείδεσθαι =to be firmly planted.
ἑρμηνεία.6618,769,7819,8411,17217,1825.Expression,style. Lat.elocutio. The word appears in the title of the treatise περὶ ἑρμηνείας which passes under the name of Demetrius. Soἑρμηνεύειν(to express) in769,18618,2048,26020. Cp. Demetr. p. 282 (s.v. ἑρμηνεία and ἑρμηνεύειν).
ἐτυμολογία.1606.Etymology: with reference to Plato’sCratylus. For Latin equivalents cp. Quintil. i. 6. 28 “etymologia, quae verborum originem inquirit, a Cicerone dicta estnotatio, quia nomen eius apud Aristotelem invenitur σύμβολον, quod estnota; nam verbum ex verbo ductum, id estveriloquium, ipse Cicero, qui finxit, reformidat. sunt qui vim potius intuitioriginationemvocent.”
εὐγενής.13611,17814, 21,1803.Well-born,noble. Lat.generosus. Soεὐγενεία1928. The εὐγενής is not necessarily γενναῖος (Aristot.Rhet.ii. 15. 3).
εὔγλωσσος.702.Pleasant on the tongue.Lat.suavis.
εὔγραμμος.23031,2463.Well-drawn,well-defined. Lat.definitus.
εὐγώνιος.21022.Four-square.Lat.qui angulis rectis constat,quadratus.
εὐέπεια.2405, 18,2461,26828.Beauty of language.Lat.verborum elegantia. In this treatise Dionysius clearly uses the word with special reference to his main subject—beauty of sound,euphony. So also εὐεπής21810,2226,2242,2285,23020; and εὐεπῶς23211. In theClassical Reviewxviii. 19 the present writer has tried to show that, even in an author so early as Sophocles (Oed. Tyr.928), the word εὐέπεια is to be understood in a rhetorical sense (‘elegant language,’ ‘neatly-turned phrase’: with direct reference to the employment of a ‘figure’ of rhetoric). But, later, the word was used of ‘eloquence’ generally (as in the well-known epigram of Simmias on the tomb of Sophocles himself); and to this wider meaning Dionysius here gives a special turn of his own.
εὐήτριος.23412.With fine thread,well-woven. Lat.bene textus.
εὔκαιρος.13418,19625.Timely. Lat.opportunus,tempestivus. Soεὐκαίρως1323,εὐκαιρίαν2423.
εὐκαταφρόνητος.7412.Contemptible. Lat.abiectus,humilis.
εὔκρατος.2101,24611.Well-blended. Lat.temperatus. Cp.de Demosth.c. 3 ἡ Θρασυμάχειος ἑρμηνεία, μέση τοῖν δυεῖν καὶ εὔκρατος: Cic.Orat.6. 21 “est autem quidam interiectus inter hos medius et quasi temperatus,” etc.—Both in2101 and in24611 the well-supported variant κοινήν is to be noted: it may conceivably have originated in a gloss on εὔκρατον.—In22017 the similar adjective εὐκέραστος is used, though not in reference to the three ἁρμονίαι.
εὐλάβεια.23417.Caution. Lat.cautio. Used in the phrase δι’ εὐλαβείας ἔχει.
εὔλογος.15812.Reasonable. Lat.rationi consentaneus. The reference is to resemblances which are not ἄλογοι, but have a natural basis and are grounded in reason.
εὐμελής.1306,1349.Melodious. Lat.canorus.—On the other hand,ἐμμελής=in melody,set to music:12410,1306,2542, 8,2705; and soἐμμέλεια12221,1822,2664.
εὔμετρος.2546.Metrical;possessing good metrical qualities. Lat.metricus.—On the other hand,ἔμμετρος=in metre:744,761,1688,1761, 21,2542, 4, 14,2705. In27010 ἐμμετρία has good manuscript authority. Cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 8. 1 τὸ δὲ σχῆμα τῆς λέξεως δεῖ μήτε ἔμμετρον εἶναι μήτε ἄρρυθμον.
εὔμορφος.842,1443,1621.Of beautiful form. Lat.formosus. So εὐμορφία1684,26416.
εὐπάθεια.2504.Pleasure. Lat.voluptas. Plur. εὐπάθειαι = Lat.deliciae.
εὐπαίδευτος.22810.Scholarly,cultured. Lat.doctus.
εὐπετής.21810,2226.Flowing easily. Lat.volubilis. [According to the reading of P in each passage. But εὐεπές should probably be read.] Cp. εὔρους in24021 and (according to P) in19625.
εὐπρόφορος.1322.Easy to pronounce. Lat.facilis pronuntiatu.
εὔρους.24021.Flowing,copious. Lat.copiosus. See also s.v. εὐπετής,supra.
εὔρυθμος.12410,1308,1349,2363,2546, 18.Rhythmical. Lat.numerosus,moderatus(Cic.de Orat.iii. 48. 184; ii. 8. 34). Soεὐρυθμία11811,12221,1822,25427: cp. Cic.Orat.65. 220 “multum interest utrum numerosa sit, id est, similis numerorum, an plane e numeris constet oratio,” and Quintil. ix. 4. 56 “idque Cicero optime videt, ac testatur frequenter, se, quod numerosum sit, quaerere; ut magis non ἄρρυθμον, quod esset inscitum atque agreste, quam ἔνρυθμον, quod poëticum est, esse compositionem velit.” Forἔνρυθμοςsee1308.
εὐστομία.11018,12021.Beauty of sound. Lat.soni suavitas. Cp. PlatoCrat.405D, 412E.
εὔσχημος.1726.Graceful. Lat.decorus,speciosus.
εὐτελής.7810,1363.Commonplace,cheap,vulgar. Lat.vilis. Cp. D.H. p. 193, and Aristot.Rhet.iii. 7. 2.
εὔτροχος.20614.Running easily.Lat.celer,volubilis. Cp. γλῶσσα εὔτροχος =a glib tongue(Eur. Bacch. 268).
εὐτυχῶς.1863.Happily,successfully. Lat.feliciter. Cp.εὐτυχοῦσιν1985, andἀτυχεῖ19816.
εὐφωνία.2664.Euphony,musical sound. Lat.vocis dulcedo s. suavitas. Soεὔφωνος1321,1349,14210,1667, 17,23023,23414. For a modern view of the effect of euphony cp. the words of Jowett (Dialogues of Platoi. 310): “In all the higher uses of language the sound is the echo of the sense, especially in poetry, in which beauty and expressiveness are given to human thoughts by the harmonious composition of the words, syllables, letters, accents, quantities, rhythms, rhymes, varieties and contrasts of all sorts.” Hence, though no lover of the vicious style sometimes termed “poetic prose,” Jowett says in hisNotes and Sayings: “If I were a professor of English, I would teach my men that prose writing is a kind of poetry.”
ἐφάμιλλος.1168.Rivalling,a match for. Lat.aemulus,haud impar.
ἡγεμών.16817.Hegemon.The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ. Cp.de Demosth.c. 47 ὥσπερ οἴονταί τινες καὶ καλοῦσι τὸν οὕτως κατασκευασθέντα ῥυθμὸν ἡγεμόνα.
Ἡγησιακός.9019.Hegesian,recalling Hegesias. Lat.Hegesiacus. For Hegesias see Introduction, pp.52-55supra.
ἡδονή.8016,11822,12020,13219, 21.Charm.Lat.iucunditas,dulcedo. Fr.charme,agrément,attrait. Cp.12020-24 τάττω δὲ ὑπὸ μὲν τὴν ἡδονὴν τήν τε ὥραν καὶ τὴν χάριν καὶ τὴν εὐστομίαν καὶ τὴν γλυκύτητα καὶ τὸ πιθανὸν καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, ὑπὸ δὲ τὸ καλὸν τήν τε μεγαλοπρέπειαν καὶ τὸ βάρος καὶ τὴν σεμνολογίαν καὶ τὸ ἀξίωμα καὶ τὸν πίνον καὶ τὰ τούτοις ὅμοια. See also Demetr. p. 284. Soἡδύς(suavis,iucundus;sweet,pleasing,agreeable,attractive,charming),686,7413, etc.
ἡδύνειν.13011,1468,1486,16015,16413.To sweeten;to delight,to charm. Lat.dulce reddere;demulcere.
ἦθος.8812,16017,21211.Character. Lat.mos,indoles. Cp. Demetr. p. 284, D.H. p. 193. See Jebb’sAttic Oratorsi. 30, 31 forpathosandethosin Antiphon (with reference toC.V.21210). According to Aristotle’sRhetoric, a speech may be in, or out of,characterin reference to (1) speaker, (2) audience, (3) subject.
ἡμιστίχιον.27417.A half-line,half-verse. Lat.hemistichium. Cp. Demetr. p. 284, s.v. ἡμίμετρον.
ἡμιτελής.1404.Half-perfect.Lat.semiperfectus.
ἡμιτόνιον.1265, 19.A half-tone,semitone. Lat.hemitonium.
ἡμίφωνος.13813,1401,1447,1465,22011.Semi-voiced,semi-vocal. Lat.semivocalis. ἡμίφωνα γράμματα =litterae semivocales. Cp. s.v. ἄφωνος, p.292supra.
ἠρεμία.15611,1604.Rest,immobility. Lat.quies,tranquillitas. Soἠρεμεῖν1421.
ἡρωϊκός.8421,863,887,17217,20610.Heroic(sc. στίχος: the hexameter line). Lat.heroicus. In17217 and20610, with μέτρον.
ἡσυχῇ.1488.Softly,gently. Lat.sensim.
ἠχεῖσθαι.13812,1427.To be sounded.Lat.pronuntiari,sonare.
ἦχος.13019,13811,14214, 19, etc.Sound.Lat.sonus.
θεατρικός.21216,21619,2288,23611.Theatrical,showy. Lat.theatralis. Cp.de Demosth.c. 25 ἐπὶ τὰ θεατρικὰ τὰ Γοργίεια ταυτὶ παραγίνεται, τὰς ἀντιθέσεις καὶ τὰς παρισώσεις λέγω.
θεοβλάβεια.18423.Madness,blindness. Lat.mens divinitus laesa.
θεώρημα.7212, 16,8814,9625,10411, etc.Investigation,speculation;rule. Lat.quaestio;praeceptum artis. Cp.θεωρία668,9614,982,10225,1043, etc., andθεωρεῖν15226,2043,2109.
θηλυκός.10621.Of the feminine gender.Lat.femininus.
θῆλυς.1727.Effeminate.Lat.muliebris,effeminatus. Cp. Larue van HookMetaphorical Terminology of Greek Rhetoric, p. 26, s.v. ἀνδρώδης.
θηριώδης.14613.Beast-like.Lat.ferinus. The term will, of course, apply to vipers as well as other animals: cp. τὸ θηρίον inActa Apost. xxviii. 4, and ἡ θηριακή (‘antidote against a poisonous bite’), whence the wordtreacle.
θορυβεῖν.12222.To hiss off the stage.Lat.explodere.
θρυλιγμός.1241.Harsh sound,false note. Lat.murmur inconcinnum,dissonantia. Cp.Hymn. Hom. in Merc.486 ὃς δέ κεν αὐτὴν | νῆϊς ἐὼν τὸ πρῶτον ἐπιζαφελῶς ἐρεείνῃ, | μὰψ αὔτως κεν ἔπειτα μετήορά τε θρυλίζοι.
ἰαμβεῖον.25825,2624.Iambic line.Lat.versus iambicus.
ἴαμβος.1707,27019.Iambus.The metrical foot ᴗ –. The adjectiveἰαμβικόςin18411,25819,27610.
ἰδέα.886,1048,11612,19817,2005,2484.Kind, aspect.Lat.genus,aspectus.
ἰδίωμα.24023.Peculiarity.Lat.proprietas. Cp. Long. p. 278, D.H. p. 193.
ἰδιώτης.1242,27219.Amateur,uncultivated. Lat.imperitus.Idiotslong bore this meaning of ‘ordinary persons’ in English: cp. Jeremy Taylor, “humility is a duty in great ones as well as in idiots.”
ἰθυφάλλιον.868.Ithyphallic poem.Lat.carmen ithyphallicum. A poem composed in the measure of the hymns to Priapus. Cp. MasquerayAbriss der griechischen Metrikpp. 191, 192.
ἰσομεγέθης.27016.Equal in size.Lat.par magnitudine.
ἱστορία.2141.History.Lat.historia. Soἱστορικός,suited to narrative,906. In6614 ἱστορία =inquiry,investigation.
ἰσχυρός.16223,21017,21616.Strong,vigorous. Lat.firmus,robustus. In21616 there may be some sense ofnerveux.—ἰσχύς occurs in6819,7219, etc.; ῥώμη in8413; κράτος in7214.
Ἰωνικός.8614.Ionic.Lat.Ionicus. The Ionic tetrameter is meant. Cp. Masqueray,op. cit.pp. 137 ff.
καθαρός.684,7418,23014.Pure.Lat.purus. For Greek and Latin authors as conscious purists, cp. Terence’s “in hac est pura oratio,” or Dionysius’ τὸ καθαρεύειν τὴν διάλεκτον (de Lysiac. 2). See C. N. Smiley’s dissertation onLatinitas and Ἑλληνισμός, and L. Laurand’sÉtudes sur le style des discours de Cicéronpp. 19 ff. (the section headed “Pureté de la langue”).
καθολικός.1342.General.Lat.universalis.
καινότης.23220.Novelty.Lat.novitas. Used in a condemnatory sense: ‘innovation,’ ‘singularity,’ ‘eccentricity.’
καινοτομεῖν.25423.To break new ground.Lat.novare. It is a mining metaphor—from the opening of a new vein. Cp.de Thucyd.c. 2.
καινουργεῖν.20018.To introduce new features.Lat.novitati studere.
καιρός.13215, 20, 21.Sense of measure,tact,taste. See S. H. Butcher’sHarvard Lectures on Greek Subjects, pp. 117-120, for καιρός as a word without any single or precise equivalent in any other language. Cp.εὔκαιρος13418,19625;εὐκαίρως1323;εὐκαιρία2423.
κακόφωνος.1321,16411.Ill-sounding.Lat.male sonans. Cp. Demetr. p. 286.
καλλιεπής.1803.Choice in diction.Lat.suaviloquens. It is the word used of Agathon in Aristoph.Thesm.49 (Classical Reviewxviii. 20). Cp. D.H. p. 193, with the passages there quoted: to which may be added PlatoApol.17Bκεκαλλιεπημένους λόγους, and (for ἔπος only) Thucyd. iii. 67 λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμηθέντες and ii. 41 ὅστις ἔπεσι μὲν τὸ αὐτίκα τέρψει.
καλλιλογία.16420,16612.Elegant language.Lat.venusta elocutio. So καλλιλογεῖν of ‘verbal embellishment,’8012.
καλλιρήμων.7418,1667.Couched in elegant phrase.Lat.elegantibus ornatus verbis.
κάλλος.7819,8410,942,16013,17216,1825,2565.Beauty(of language). Lat.pulchritude. Cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 2. 13.
καλός.11823,12022,1368,16013, 14,17815,passim.Beautiful.Lat.pulcher. The word is inadequately translated by ‘beautiful’; and ‘fine’ has unfortunate associations of its own, especially in relation to writing. ‘Noble’ would often be nearer the mark, but that rendering is needed for γενναῖος and εὐγενής (cp.13613,17815, etc.). In English we lack a single word to denote thatnoble beautywhich is sometimes seen in a human face, and which suggests an ultimate harmony of things. The meaning of καλός, as distinguished from ἡδύς (in reference to composition), may be gathered from such passages as685 (τῷ σεμνῷ τὸ ἡδύ) and12022-24 (see under ἡδονή, p.302supra). The antithesis is not, as has sometimes been thought, that of pleasure to theearand beauty to themind. In this treatise Dionysius is dealing not with subject matter (ὁ πραγματικὸς τόπος) but with expression, and that chiefly from the euphonic point of view. καλός includes certain forms of pleasure—of the ear as well as of the mind: cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 1405 b and Demetr.de Eloc.§ 177 ὡρίσατο δ’ αὐτὰ (καλὰ ὀνόματα) Θεόφραστος οὕτως· κάλλος ὀνόματός ἐστι τὸ πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν ἢ πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν ἡδύ, ἢ τὸ τῇ διανοίᾳ ἔντιμον. Cp., further,gravitas)(suavitas, Cic.Or.§§ 62, 182;honestus)(iucundus, Quintil. ix. 4. 146; ἡδεῖαν καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῆ Aristot.Rhet.iii. 12.
κατακεκλασμένος.18417.Broken,nerveless. Lat.fractus,mollis. Fr.faible,maigre,rompu. Cp. κατακλωμένους,26212, where Dionysius seems to indicate the broken (but by no means nerveless) foot