οἰκονομεῖν.17618.To manage.Lat.administrare,tractare. Soοἰκονομία26416. Cp. Aristot.Poet.xiii. 6 καὶ ὁ Εὐριπίδης, εἰ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα μὴ εὖ οἰκονομεῖ, ἀλλὰ τραγικώτατός γε τῶν ποιητῶν φαίνεται: Long.de Subl.i. 4 καὶ τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων τάξιν καὶ οἰκονομίαν: Quintil.Inst. Or.iii. 3. 9 “oeconomiae, quae Graece appellata ex cura rerum domesticarum et hic per abusionem posita nomine Latino caret.”
ὀλιγοσύλλαβος.1323.Consisting of few syllables.Lat.qui paucis constat syllabis.
ὀλιγοσύνδεσμος.21221.Sparing in connectives.Lat.qui paucis utitur convinctionibus.
ὁμογενής.14610,1489.Of the same race or family.Lat.congener. Cp.ὁμοιογενής(of like kind)7224,13219,15615; alsoἀνομοιογενής13219.
ὁμοειδής.19218,1986,27019.Of the same species or kind.Lat.uniformis. Soὁμοείδεια2741. Cp. Cic.ad Att.ii. 6 “etenim γεωγραφικά quae constitueram magnum opus est ... et hercule sunt res difficiles ad explicandum et ὁμοειδεῖς nec tam possunt ἀνθηρογραφεῖσθαι quam videbantur.”
ὁμοζυγία.17613,25417.Connexion,affinity. Lat.coniugatio.
ὁμοιοσχήμων.27016.Like in shape.Lat.forma consimilis.
ὁμοιότονος.1326.Similarly accented.Lat.qui similis est toni.
ὁμοιόχρονος.1326 (bis).Of like quantity.Lat.qui similia habet tempora.
ὁμότονος.1287.Of the same pitch or accent.Lat.eiusdem toni s. accentus.
ὁμόφωνος.1289.With the same note.Lat.eiusdem chordae s. soni.
ὄνομα.665,709, 13, 20,7412,846passim.Word,noun. Lat.vocabulum,nomen. In16810,2645, etc., the meaning is ‘noun’; in2643, etc., ‘word.’
ὀνομασία.7417,2345,25223,2742.Wording,naming,language. Lat.elocutio,appellatio. Cp.Rhet. ad Alex.c. 27 ἀντίθετον μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ ἐναντίαν τὴν ὀνομασίαν ἅμα καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τοῖς ἀντικειμένοις ἔχον, ἢ τὸ ἕτερον τούτων: Aristot.Poet.vi. 18 λέγω δέ, ὥσπερ πρότερον εἴρηται, λέξιν εἶναι τὴν διὰ τῆς ὀνομασίας ἑρμηνείαν: Dionys. Hal.de Demosth.cc. 18, 34, 40: Demetr.de Eloc.§§ 91, 304.
ὀνοματικά, τά.7018,10216, 17,1327.Nouns substantive.Lat.nomina substantiva.
ὀξύς.1265, 8, 10,1286, 8.Acute(accent),high(pitch). Lat.acutus. Soὀξύτης12614. Cp. s.v. βαρύς, p.292supra. In Aristot.Poet.c. 20 ὀξύτητι καὶ βαρύτητι καὶ τῷ μέσῳ = ‘according as they [the letters] are acute, grave, or of an intermediate tone.’
ὀξύτονος.1289.With high pitch or acute accent.Lat.qui acutum tonum s. accentum habet.
ὅρασις.11824.Seeing,the act of sight. Lat.visus.
ὄργανον.12225,1244, 22.Musical instrument.Lat.instrumentum. So the adjectiveὀργανικός(instrumental) in12416,12616.
ὀρθός.10619.Nominative.Lat.rectus(casus): viz. ‘uninflected.’ In10219 ‘primary,’ as opposed to ‘secondary’; in1083 ‘active,’ as opposed to ‘passive.’ In25825 and2625 the meaning is ‘correct’; in906 perhaps ‘tense’ (see the exx. given in L. & S. under the heading ‘excited’), the opposite of ὕπτιος (supinus).
ὁρίζειν.13222,1661,23421.To define,to limit. Lat.definire.
ὅρος.18213,20025,2105.Standard,condition,boundary. Lat.regula,condicio,finis. With the sensenorma et regulain18213 cp. Long.de Subl.xxxii. 1 ὁ γὰρ Δημοσθένης ὅρος καὶ τῶν τοιούτων, Dionys. H.de Demosth.c. 1 ἧς (λέξεως) ὅρος καὶ κανὼν ὁ Θουκυδίδης.
οὐδέτερος.10621.Neuter.Lat.qui neutri generis est. Cp. D.H. p. 198.
οὐρανός.14212,14419,1506,22023.Palate.Lat.palatum. In the margin of R (with reference to14212) there is the note: τὴν ὑπερῴαν φησίν. This sense of οὐρανός is found several times in Aristotle (see Bonitz’Index), and not (as has sometimes been supposed) for the first time in Dionysius. Cp. the conversecaeli palatumin EnniusapudCic.deNat. Deor.ii. 18. 48 “sed dum, palato quid sit optimum, iudicat [Epicurus], caeli palatum (ut ait Ennius) non suspexit.”
οὐσία.988.Substance,essence. Lat.substantia.
ὄχλησις.13217.Annoyance,disgust. Lat.molestia.
ὄψις.1621, 14,2349.Appearance,visage. Lat.vultus,aspectus.
πάθος.6615,8812,11023,1125,12215,passim.Feeling,experience,emotion,affection,passion. Lat.affectus(Quintil. vi. 2. 8),animi motus(Cic.de Or.i. 5. 17),perturbatio(id.Tusc.iv. 5. 10). Cp. D.H. pp. 198, 199.—In1545,26818 πάθη = ‘properties,’ ‘modifications,’ ‘differences.’
παιάν.1843,26023,2629.Paeon.Lat.paeon. The metrical foot so called, consisting of three short syllables and one long in four possible orders—(1) –ᴗᴗᴗ, (2) ᴗ–ᴗᴗ, (3) ᴗᴗ–ᴗ, (4) ᴗᴗᴗ–. These four varieties are sometimes called thefirst,second,third, andfourthpaeon respectively. Cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 8. 4-6, Cic.de Orat.iii. 47. 183, Quintil. ix. 4. 47; and see Demetr. p. 296, s.v. παιών. Demetrius (§§ 38, 39) refers to two varieties only: cp. the note on18222supra.
παιδεία.6411,26220.Culture.Lat.doctrina,humanitas.
πανηγυρικός.2287,2467.Festal,panegyrical. Lat.panegyricus. With the notion ofornate: cp.de Demosth.c. 8 (διάλεκτον) μεγαλοπρεπῆ λιτήν, περιττὴν ἀπέριττον, ἐξηλλαγμένην συνήθη, πανηγυρικὴν ἀληθινήν, αὐστηρὰν ἱλαράν, σύντονον ἀνειμένην, ἡδεῖαν πικράν, ἠθικὴν παθητικήν.
παραβολή.23215.Meeting,juxtaposition. Lat.concursus.
παράγγελμα.2703,2822, 7.Rule,precept. Lat.artis praeceptum. Cp. Long.de Subl.c. 2 τεχνικὰ παραγγέλματα, c. 6 ὡς εἰπεῖν ἐν παραγγέλματι (‘if I must speak in the way of precept’). Soπαραγγέλλειν13216,26811 (cp.de Lysiac. 24 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ παραγγέλλουσι ποιεῖν οἱ τεχνογράφοι), andπαραγγελματικός2149 (=plenus praeceptis,doctrinis,regulis).
παράδειγμα.925,1362,1523,2146,23223,24024, etc.Instance.Lat.exemplum. τὰ παραδείγματα is often used of appropriate (perhaps customary, or stock) examples: cp.de Isocr.cc. 10, 15,de Demosth.cc. 13 (middle), 53, and contrastde Lysiac. 34 andde Demosth.cc. 13 (end), 20.
παραδιώκειν.20613.To hurry along.Lat.abripere. Cp. the use of συνδεδιωγμένον in Long.de Subl.c. 21, and of κατεσπευσμένα c. 19ibid.—Usener adopts, in this passage, his own conjecture παραμεμιγμένας.
παράθεσις.13025,15411,1669, etc.Placing.Lat.collocatio.
παρακεκινδυνευμένος.23416.Daring,bold,venturesome. Lat.audax(as in Hor.Carm.iv. 2. 10). Fr.aventuré. Cp. Aristoph.Ran.99 τοιουτονί τι παρακεκινδυνευμένον, | αἰθέρα Διὸς δωμάτιον, ἢ χρόνου πόδα: and see s.v. ἐπικίνδυνος p.299supra. The word is used also inde Lys.c. 13,de Isocr.c. 13,Ep. ad Pomp.c. 2.
παρακολουθεῖν.1086,13026,13612.To accompany.Lat.accidere,consequi.
παραλαμβάνειν.14414,17212,2602,26414.To introduce,to employ. Lat.assumere,adhibere.
παραλλαγή.1528, 15, 22.Divergence.Lat.discrimen,permutatio.
παραπλήρωμα.1163,16617.Supplement,expletive. Lat.explementum,complementum. Cp. Cic.Or.69. 230 “apud alios autem et Asiaticos maxime numero servientes inculcata reperias inania quaedam verba quasi complementa numerorum”; and also Demetr. p. 296, s.v. παραπληρωματικός. The word occurs elsewhere in Dionysius:de Isocr.c. 3,de Demosth.cc. 19, 39.
παρατιθέναι.1041.To bring forward,to cite. Lat.apponere,in medium adducere.
παραυξάνειν (παραύξειν).12819,15218.To lengthen,to augment. Lat.augere.
παρέκτασις.15421.Prolongation.Lat.extensio.
παρεμφαίνειν.1085.To hint at,to indicate. Lat.obiter indicare. Cp. Demetr. p. 297.
παρεμφατικός.10220.Indicative.Lat.indicativus. Cp. ἀπαρέμφατος p.289supra.
παρέργως.10025.By the way,cursorily. Lat.obiter.
παρθενωπός.23415.Of maiden aspect.Lat.qui virgineo vultu est. The word seems to occur elsewhere only in Eurip.El.948 ἀλλ’ ἔμοιγ’ εἴη πόσις | μὴ παρθενωπός, ἀλλὰ τἀνδρείου τρόπου [Gilbert Murray: “Ah, that girl-like face! | God grant not that, not that, but some plain grace | Of manhood to the man who brings me love”]. Cp. Cic.Orat.19. 64 “nihil iratum habet [oratio philosophorum], nihil invidum, nihil atrox, nihil miserabile, nihil astutum; casta, verecunda,virgo incorruptaquodam modo.”
πάρισος.1168,2127,2466.Parallel in structure.Lat.qui constat similibus membris. Cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 9. 9 παρίσωσις δ’ ἐὰν ἴσα τὰ κῶλα, παρομοίωσις δ’ ἐὰν ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα ἔχῃ ἑκάτερον τὸ κῶλον (where ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα indicates final letters that rhyme).
παριστάναι.15419.To represent,to describe. Lat.depingere. Cp. Long. p. 282.
παρόμοιος.2128,2466.Parallel in sound.Lat.qui constat similibus sonis.
παχύτης.18421.Stupidity,fat-headedness. Lat.stupor,ingenium crassum. Cp. D.H. p. 200, s.v. παχύς.
πεζός.703,762,803,10811, etc.In prose,prosaic. Lat.pedester. πεζὴ λέξις, πεζὴ διάλεκτος, πεζὸς λόγος, πεζοὶ λόγοι =oratio soluta. Cp. Quintil. x. 1. 81 “multum enim supra prosam orationem et quam pedestrem Graeci vocant surgit [Plato].” In12027 the metaphor seems still to be strongly felt—‘marching on foot,’ ‘pedestrian.’
πειθώ.8411.Persuasiveness.Lat.persuadendi vis.
πεῖρα.6614,10221,2565, etc.Experience.Lat.experientia.
πεντάμετρος.25623.Consisting of five metrical feet.Lat.pentameter.
πεντάχρονος.2629.Consisting of five times.Lat.qui constat temporibus quinque. See s.v. χρόνοι p.333infra.
πεποιημένος.7817,25224.Invented,original,newly-coined. Lat.factus,novatus(Cic.de Orat.iii. 38. 154; i. 34. 155). Fr.forgé tout exprès. Cp. Aristot.Poet.xxi. 9; Demetr. p. 297; Quintil. viii. 6. 32 “vix illa, quae πεποιημένα vocant, quae ex vocibus in usum receptis quocunque modo declinantur, nobis permittimus, qualia suntSullaturitetproscripturit.”
περιβόητος.1807.Notorious,celebrated. Lat.decantatus,celebratus.
περίοδος.727, 10,10410,1162, etc.Period.Lat.periodus,comprehensio,verborum ambitus, etc. See Demetr. p. 298 for various references and equivalents, and also p. 323 (Index); Sandys’Oratorp. 217; Laurand’sÉtudespp. 126, 128.—According to Dionysius, the period should not be used to excess [see n. on11815]. Another weakness of the periodic construction is elsewhere noted by him: τοῦτο δὲ [sc. τὸ παθητικὸν] ἥκιστα δέχεται περίοδος (de Isocr.c. 2).
περισπασμός.12810.The circumflex accent.Lat.circumflexio,accentus circumflexus. Cp.περισπωμένας12611: ‘drawn around,’ ‘twisted,’ ‘circumflexed.’ Aristotle denotes the circumflex accent by the term ‘middle’: ἔστιν δὲ αὐτὴ μὲν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ, πῶς αὐτῇ δεῖ χρῆσθαι πρὸς ἕκαστον πάθος, οἷον πότε μεγάλῃ καὶ πότε μικρᾷ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ πῶς τοῖς τόνοις, οἷον ὀξείᾳ καὶ βαρείᾳ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ ῥυθμοῖς τίσι πρὸς ἕκαστα (Aristot.Rhet.iii. 1. 4).
περιστέλλειν.14216.To contract,to pucker up. Lat.contrahere.
περιττός.7413,848,1824, 7.Extraordinary,richly wrought;exceedingly good,unsurpassed. Lat.excellens,curiosus,elaboratus. Cp. Long.de Subl.xl. 2 (where the word is opposed to κοινὸς καὶ δημώδης), iii. 4, xxxv. 3. See alsode Isocr.c. 3,de Demosth.cc. 8, 56,Ep. ad Pomp.c. 2 (περιττολογία): also Demetr. p. 298 (περισσοτεχνία).
περιφανής.24418.Seen on every side.Lat.conspicuus. Soπεριφάνεια21017,2342 (‘so that each word should admit an all-round view of it’).—PMV give περιφανές (not περιφερές) in2463.
περιφερής.20615,23031,2463.Circular,rounded. Lat.rotundus. Cp. [Dionys. Hal.]Ars Rhet.x. 13 τὰ στρογγύλα καὶ τὰ περιφερῆ λέγειν προοίμια. In Demetr.de Eloc.§ 13 περιφερεῖς στέγαι =vaulted roofs.
πεφυκέναι(c. infin.).6616,703,10416, etc.To have a gift for,a liking for. Lat.solere,amare.
πεφυλαγμένως.1481.Guardedly.Lat.caute. The word is used in the Attic period by Xenophon and Isocrates.
πιέζειν.14421,14816,22018,23012.To close tight,to compress. Lat.comprimere.
πιθανός.9817, 20,10017,12021.Attractive,plausible. Lat.probabilis,verisimilis.
πικρός.23215.Bitter,harsh. Lat.acerbus. Soπικραίνειν13019,15413,21617.
πίνος.12023,13616,21224,2368.Mellowing deposit,tinge of antiquity,flavour of archaism. Lat.antiquitas,antiquitas impexa(Tac.Dial.c. 20),nitor obsoletus(Auct. ad Her.iv. 4. 46). There is a suggestion ofnégligéorabandonabout the word, but on the whole it is not uncomplimentary: cp.Ep. ad Pomp.c. 2 ὅ τε πίνος ὁ τῆς ἀρχαιότητος ἠρέμα αὐτῇ καὶ λεληθότως ἐπιτρέχει, andde Demosth.c. 38 ἀλλ’ [ἵνα] ἐπανθῇ τις αὐταῖς χνοῦς ἀρχαιοπινὴς καὶ χάρις ἀβίαστος. The compound εὐπίνεια is found in Long.de Subl.xxx. 1. There is a scholium (preserved in M) on12023, which is, unfortunately, vague and uncertain:πῖνοςκυρίως ὁ ῥύπος, ἀφ’ οὗ πιναρὰ ῥάκη. λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸ ἐπανθοῦν τισὶ χνοῶδες ὡς ἐπὶ μήλων καὶ ἀπίων. ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λόγου τὸ ἐπιφαινόμενον αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ συνθήκῃ τῆς λέξεως ποιὸν πίνον ὀνομάζει. ἔστι δὲ πῖνος καὶ ὄνομα τόπου.
πλάγιος.10620.Oblique.Lat.obliquus(casus).
πλανᾶσθαι.25416,27018.To wander,to be irregular. Lat.vagari. Used in reference to vague, elastic metre. So περιπεπλανημένα μέτρα inde Demosth.c. 50.
πλάσμα.906,11824.Cast,form. Lat.imago,forma dicendi. Cp.Ep. ad Pomp.c. 4 ὕψος δὲ καὶ κάλλος καὶ μεγαλοπρέπειαν καὶ τὸ λεγόμενον ἰδίως πλάσμα ἱστορικὸν Ἡρόδοτος ἔχει (viz. “elevation, beauty, stateliness, and what is specifically called the ‘historical vein’”); Long.de Subl.xv. 8 ποιητικὸν τοῦ λόγου καὶ μυθῶδες τὸ πλάσμα (the ‘form’). Inde Demosth.c. 34 πλάσμα seems to have the same meaning as χαρακτῆρ in c. 33ibid.[The musical meaning ofmoulded delivery,modulationdoes not emerge in theC.V.]
πλάστης.2642.Modeller, in clay or wax.Lat.fictor.
πλάτος.2109,2121,24619.Breadth.Lat.latitudo. Soπλατύς24418. In2109 the meaning is, ‘belongs to the class of ideas which are regarded with a wide indefiniteness.’ So in Latinplatice= πλατικῶς = ‘broadly,’ ‘generally’: cp. UsenerRhein. Mus.xxiv. 311. See also under ἀπαρτίζειν, p.289supra.
πλεονάζειν.14613,21412.To exceed due bounds.Lat.redundare. Soπλεονασμός,redundantia,11015.
πληγή.1424, 16,1445.Stroke,impact. Lat.ictus,percussio.
πληθυντικῶς.10618.In the plural number.Lat.pluraliter.
πλοκή.725,13022,1669.Combination.Lat.copulatio.
πλούσιος.9218.Rich.Lat.opulentus. The word is contrasted withπτωχός(9217),beggarly,mendicus: for which cp. the expression τῇ λέξει πτωχεύειν in the passage quoted, from Chrysostom, under ἀπαγγελία p.288supra.
πνίγειν.14218.To stifle,to smother. Lat.suffocare.
ποίημα.7610,785,10023,1542,1664,1928,25010, 16,2544, 7,27214.Poem;line of a poem(in this sense, more commonly στίχος or ἔπος). Lat.poëma,versus. Soποιεῖν2089, ‘to write poetry,’ andποιητής748 (but in21416 ποιηταί means ‘writers’ generally: cp.de Demosth.c. 37 παρ’ οὐδενὶ οὔτε ἐμμέτρων οὔτε πεζῶν ποιητῇ λόγων). ποίημα sometimes refers specially to epic and dramatic poetry (in contrast to song-poetry). In6410 the meaning is ‘product’ simply. For ‘poetry’ποίησιςis found:2141, 2,25224,27021,2747,27610.
ποιητικός.702, 4,10811,20620,2088, 19,25220, 23, 29, etc.Poetical.Lat.poëticus. In13611 the meaning is ‘productive of.’
ποικιλία.13013,19218,19617, 25,1985.Variety,decoration. Lat.varietas. Soποικίλλειν13213,19220,1969; andποικίλος11011,15419,16010, etc. ποικίλος may be rendered by such adjectives as ‘elaborate,’ ‘curious,’ ‘laborious,’ ‘multifarious,’ ‘kaleidoscopic,’ ‘ever-varying.’
πολιτικός.6415,7217,12421,13010,2141, 5,25425,2667,27220.Civil,parliamentary,political,public. Lat.civilis. See D.H. p. 203 for an explanatory note on πολιτικός. In7217, P has ῥητορικοῖς ἀνδράσι, which is an unlikely periphrasis for ῥήτορσι (1048), but may well indicate thegeneral meaningof πολιτικοῖς ἀνδράσι: cp.de Demosth.c. 23 ταῦτα δὲ πολιτικοῖς καὶ ῥήτορσιν ἀνδράσι μελήσει. Compare generally, in Aristot.Poet.c. vi., the words τῆς πολιτικῆς καὶ ῥητορικῆς ἔργον ἐστίν, and οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχαῖοι πολιτικῶς ἐποίουν λέγοντας, οἱ δὲ νῦν ῥητορικῶς.
πολύμετρος.2725.Of many measures or metres.Lat.qui multis constat metris.
πολύμορφος.16012.Of many forms.Lat.multiformis. Cp.πολυειδής19625,πολυειδῶς27011.
πολυπραγμονεῖν.2646.To bother about.Lat.summa cura elaborare.
πολυσύλλαβος.12614,1325.With many syllables.Lat.qui syllabis pluribus constat.
πολύφωνος.16023.Of many voices.Lat.qui multas voces emittit. Used of the variety of tones in Homer’s ‘composition.’ In thede Sublim.c. xxxiv. the term is applied to Hypereides, who οὐ πάντα ἑξῆς καὶ μονοτόνως [i.e. at one sustained high pitch] ὡς ὁ Δημοσθένης λέγει.
πούς.861,16812,17220,17422, 24,1787,1841,2569, 12,25819,2603.Metrical foot.Lat.pes. τὸ δ’ αὐτὸ καλῶ πόδα καὶ ῥυθμόν16811. Aristoxenus, Ῥυθμικὰ στοιχεῖα ii. 16, writes: ᾧ σημαινόμεθα τὸν ῥυθμὸν καὶ γνώριμον ποιοῦμεν τῇ αἰσθήσει, πούς ἐστιν εἷς ἢ πλείους. Cope (Introduction to Aristotle’s Rhetoricp. 383) thinks that Dionysius neglects the important distinction between βάσις, the unit of rhythm, and πούς, the unit of metre. Goodell (Greek Metricp. 47) thus paraphrases a passage of Marius Victorinus (p. 44 K.): “Between foot and ‘rhythmus’ there is this difference, that a foot cannot exist without rhythm, but a ‘rhythmus’ moves rhythmically without being divisible into feet.” [It is this kind of ‘rhythmus’ that counts in rhythmical prose.]
πραγματεία.688, 14, 17,708, etc.Inquiry,treatise,work. Lat.studium,commentatio,opus. Soπραγματεύεσθαι1065, 10,14022,2687.
πραγματικός.666.Pertaining to subject matter or invention.Lat.negotialis. Cp. Quintil. iii. 7. 1 “a parte negotiali, hoc est πραγματικῇ.” The πραγματικὸς τόπος (“tractatio rerum et sententiarum”) covers subject matter, things, thoughts; the λεκτικὸς τόπος includes expression, form, style.
πραΰς.1625,24421.Gentle.Lat.lenis. Cp. Demetr. p. 299.
πρέπον, τό.12019,12213,12411,13612,19813, 14.Propriety,appropriateness,fitness. Lat.decorum. Fr.la convenance. Cp. Cic.Orat.21. 70 “ut enim in vita, sic in oratione nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre. πρέπον appellant hoc Graeci; nos dicamus sane decorum; de quo praeclare et multa praecipiuntur et res est cognitione dignissima: huius ignoratione non modo in vita, sed saepissime et in poëmatis et in oratione peccatur.” The Greek rhetoricians drew the term from the language of ethics. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 7. 1 τὸ δὲ πρέπον ἕξει ἡ λέξις, ἐὰν ᾖ παθητική τε καὶ ἠθικὴ καὶ τοῖς ὑποκειμένοις πράγμασιν ἀνάλογον. Soπρεπώδης10617.
πριάπειος.868.Priapean: as a metrical term. Lat.Priapeius. Effeminate and ribald verse, written in honour of Priapus, and involving a mutilation of the heroic line.
προέκθεσις.2422.A prefatory account.Lat.expositio antea data.
πρόθεσις.7021,10816,2206.Preposition.Lat.praepositio.
πρόνοια.18416,1861.Deliberation.Lat.consilium.
προοίμιον.22424,2523.Introduction.Lat.exordium.
προπετής.24422.Flowing.Lat.volubilis,profluens.
προσαγόρευσις.26022.Address.Lat.allocutio,compellatio.
προσερανίζειν.1164.To augment.Lat.cumulare. The period in question has been aided (so to say) by the alms of expletives. For the metaphor cp. συνερανιζόμεναde Isocr.c. 3 and ἔρανονde Imitat.B. vi. 2.
προσερείδειν.14822.To drive against.Lat.impingere,allidere. In22024 προσανίστασθαι is similarly used of ‘rising against.’
προσεχής.846.Obvious,natural,allied,appropriate. Lat.proximus,cognatus(cum re coniunctus). In25824 the sense is ‘adjoining.’
προσηγορικός.7017,10217, 18,2186, 11,2207, 16,22224,2301.Appellative.Lat.appellativus. ὄνομα προσηγορικόν =common noun, Lat.nomen appellativum. It would appear from Dionysius Thrax (Ars Grammaticap. 23 Uhlig) that ὄνομα might include προσηγορία (= ὄνομα προσηγορικόν), while προσηγορία could cover participles (μετοχαί) and adjectives (ἐπίθετα) as well as common nouns. But the strict division is that of proper names and general terms, as given by Dionysius Thrax (ibid.pp. 33, 34): κύριον μὲν οὖν ἐστι τὸ τὴν ἰδίαν οὐσίαν, σημαῖνον, οἷονὍμηρος,Σωκράτης. προσηγορικὸν δέ ἐστι τὸ τὴν κοινὴν οὐσίαν σημαῖνον, οἷονἄνθρωπος,ἵππος. In such passages as22224 and2301 ‘adjective’ would be an appropriate modern rendering. Quintil. i. 4. 21 “vocabulumanappellatiodicenda sit προσηγορία et subicienda nomini necne, quia parvi refert, liberum opinaturis relinquo.” In27225προσηγορία=appellation.
προσίστασθαι.1328.To offend.Lat.obstrepere. Cp.de Isocr.c. 2 προσιστάμενος ταῖς ἀκοαῖς, c. 14ibid.τῷ γὰρ μὴ ἐν καιρῷ γίνεσθαι, μηδ’ ἐν ὥρᾳ, προσίστασθαί φημι ταῖς ἀκοαῖς,Antiqq. Rom.i. 8 μονοειδεῖς γὰρ ἐκεῖναί τε καὶ ταχὺ προσιστάμεναι (=cito offendunt) τοῖς ἀκούουσιν.
προσκατασκευάζειν.11014 (v.l. προκατασκευάζειν).To model further,remodel. Lat.insuper instruere.
προσοδιακός.863.Processional: see n.ad loc.
προσῳδία.12812,19617,26820.Accent.Lat.accentus. The word is defined in19617 τάσεις φωνῆς αἱ καλούμεναι προσῳδίαι. See further s.v. τόνος p.329infra, and compare BywaterAristotle on the Art of Poetryp. 336 “προσῳδία with Aristotle comprises accent, breathing, and quantity—all the elements in the spoken word which in the ancient mode of writing were left to be supplied by the reader.” The symbols used in accentuation are supposed to have been introduced by Aristophanes of Byzantium, if not by some still earlier scholar, in order to recall to Greeks and teach foreign learners the true intonation of the language, which was in danger of being corrupted and forgotten when the Greek world grew vast and came to include so many foreign elements.
πρόσωπον.16018,19823.Person,character. Lat.persona. Cp. Demetr. p. 300.
πτῶσις.10620,1084,1327,21220,2644.Grammatical case.Lat.casus. ‘Verbalcases’ are mentioned in1084; in Aristotle the term πτῶσις includes inflexions in general.
πυρρίχιος.16817.Pyrrhic.Lat.pyrrhichius. The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ.
ῥῆμα.7013, 21,16810,2186, 7,2645.Verb.Lat.verbum. Soῥηματικός1084 (verbal),22017 (verbal form).
ῥήτωρ.748,13222,16612,20014,20625,21821,23620,2427,24815.Orator,rhetorician. Lat.orator,rhetor. As in English we have no similarly two-sided word, it is often hard to decide between the renderings, ‘speaker’ and ‘teacher of speaking.’ Soῥητορικός689,25425,26220.
ῥοῖζος.13810.A whizzing.Lat.stridor.
ῥυθμίζειν.18013.To bring into rhythm,to scan. Lat.scandere. Cp. the use of βαίνειν and διαιρεῖν.
ῥυθμός.12018,12212,1246, 9,passim.Rhythm,harmonious movement of speech. Lat.numerus. Forle nombre oratoirein Cicero (whose prose, however, like Roman prose generally, must not be taken to follow exclusively Attic standards) see Laurand’sÉtudespp. 109-11, and cp. Cic.Orat.20. 67 “quicquid est enim, quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat, etiamsi abest a versu—nam id quidem orationis est vitium—numerus vocatur, qui Graece ῥυθμός dicitur.” Quintil.Inst. Or.ix. 4. 45 “omnis structura ac dimensio et copulatio vocum constat aut numeris (numeros ῥυθμούς accipi volo) aut μέτροις, id est dimensione quadam.” It was a suggestive saying of Scaliger’s that metre gives the exact ‘measure’ of the line, rhythm its ‘temperament.’ As Dionysius identifies ῥυθμός and πούς (16811; cp.1762, 3), we may translate ῥυθμός by ‘foot’ in18011,18219 (cp. σπονδεῖος πούς1787),20017,2069, etc.—Cp. Aristot.Rhet.iii. 8. 2 τὸ δὲ ἄρρυθμον ἀπέραντον, δεῖ δὲ πεπεράνθαι μέν, μὴ μέτρῳ δέ· ἀηδὲς γὰρ καὶ ἄγνωστον τὸ ἄπειρον. περαίνεται δὲ ἀριθμῷ πάντα· ὁ δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς λέξεως ἀριθμὸς ῥυθμός ἐστιν, οὗ καὶ τὰ μέτρα τμητά· διὸ ῥυθμὸν δεῖ ἔχειν τὸν λόγον, μέτρον δὲ μή· ποίημα γὰρ ἔσται. ῥυθμὸν δὲ μὴ ἀκριβῶς· τοῦτο δὲ ἔσται ἐὰν μέχρι του ᾖ. Soῥυθμικός12818 (where the reference is to lyric metres),1688,17220 (cp. οἱ μετρικοί),1767. Quintilian (ix. 4. 68) provides a good example of the divisions recognized by therhythmici: “quis enim dubitet, unum sensum in hoc et unum spiritum esse:animadverti, iudices, omnem accusatoris orationem in duas divisam esse partes?tamen et duo prima verba et tria proxima et deinceps duo rursus ac tria suos quasi numeros habent spiritum sustinentes, sicut apud rhythmicos aestimantur.”