GLOSSARY

5 ἄλλός τις P || κατεστεύασε P 6 ἀπετεῖ P || δὴ PM: δὲ V 7 κατὰ P: ταῦτα κατὰ MV 9 ἀντίστροφον PM: ἀντιστροφὴν V || λόγος εἰσειρόμενος P: λόγος οὑτωσὶ διειρόμενος MV 10 Δανάη] δ’ ἀν ἡ P 13 τέ μιν Schneidewinus: τε μὴν PM: τ’ ἐμῇ V || ἐφόρει ante μιν Bergkius inseruit, post πνέων Usenerus 14 τε Brunckius: δὲ PMV 15 ἤριπεν Brunckius: ἔριπεν P: ἔρειπεν MV || οὐκ Thierschius: οὐτ’ P: οὔτ’ MV4. Bircovius points out that Hor.Carm.iii. 27. 33 ff. might be printed as continuous prose, thus: “quae simul centum tetigit potentem oppidis Creten: ‘Pater, o relictae filiae nomen, pietasque’ dixit ‘victa furore! unde quo veni? levis una mors est virginum culpae. vigilansne ploro turpe commissum, an vitiis carentem ludit imago vana, quae porta fugiens eburna somnium ducit?’” etc. The short rhymeless lines of Matthew Arnold’sRugby Chapelmight be run together in the same way, e.g. “There thou dost lie, in the gloom of the autumn evening. But ah! that word,gloom, to my mind brings thee back, in the light of thy radiant vigour, again; in the gloom of November we pass’d days not dark at thy side; seasons impair’d not the ray of thy buoyant cheerfulness clear. Such thou wast! and I stand in the autumn evening, and think of by-gone evenings with thee.” The word-arrangement from line to line is such that this passage might almost be read as prose, except for a certain rhythm and for an occasional departure from the word-order of ordinary prose.5.Aristophanes: cp. note on21819supra.8. Compare, for example, the last two stanzas, printed continuously, of Tennyson’sIn Memoriamcxv.: “Where now the seamew pipes, or dives in yonder greening gleam, and fly the happy birds, that change their sky to build and brood, that live their lives from land to land; and in my breast spring wakens too; and my regret becomes an April violet, and buds and blossoms like the rest.”11.ἀποδυρομένη: probably theDanaëwas a θρῆνος, and in any case it illustrates, to the full, the “maestius lacrimis Simonideis” of Catullus (Carm.xxxviii. 8), or Wordsworth’s “one precious, tender-hearted scroll | Of pureSimonides.” Cp. alsode Imitat.ii. 6. 2 καθ’ ὃ βελτίων εὑρίσκεται καὶ Πινδάρου, τὸ οἰκτίζεσθαι μὴ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀλλὰ παθητικῶς: and Quintil. x. 1. 64 “Simonides, tenuis alioqui, sermone proprio et iucunditate quadam commendari potest; praecipua tamen eius in commovenda miseratione virtus, ut quidam in hac eum parte omnibus eius operis auctoribus praeferant.”12. Verse-translations of theDanaëwill be found also in J. A. Symonds’Studies of the Greek Poetsi. 160, and in Walter Headlam’sBook of Greek Versepp. 49-51. Headlam observes that theDanaëis a passage extracted from a longer poem, and that the best commentary on it is Lucian’sDialogues of the Sea12. Weir Smyth (Greek Lyric Poetryp. 321) remarks: “It must be confessed that, if we have all that Dionysius transcribed, he has proved his point [viz. that by an arrangement into διαστολαί the poetical rhythm can be so obscured that the reader will be unable to recognize strophe, antistrophe, or epode] so successfully that no one has been able to demonstrate the existence of all three parts of the triad. Wilamowitz (Isyllos144) claims to have restored strophe (ἄνεμος ... δούρατι), epode (χαλκεογόμφῳ ... δεινὸν ἦν), and antistrophe (καὶ ἐμῶν ...); ὅτε ... δαιδαλέᾳ belonging to another triad. To accept this adjustment one must have faith in the extremely elastic ionics of the German scholar. Nietzsche,R. M.23. 481, thought that 1-3 formed the end of the strophe, 4-12 the antistrophe (1-3 = 10-12). In v. 1 he omitted ἐν and read τ’ ἐμάνη πνείων with ἀλεγίζεις in 10, but even then the dactyls vary with spondees over frequently. By a series of reckless conjectures Hartung extricated strophe and antistrophe out of the lines, while Blass’ (Philol.32. 140) similar conclusion is reached by conjectures only less hazardous than those of Hartung. Schneidewin and Bergk, adopting the easier course, which refuses all credence to Dionysius, found only antistrophe and epode; and so, doubtfully, Michelangeli; while Ahrens (Jahresber. des Lyceums zu Hannover, 1853), in despair, classed the fragment among the ἀπολελυμένα. Since verses 2-3 may = 11-12, I have followed Nietzsche, though with much hesitation. The last seven verses suit the character of a concluding epode.”15.ἤριπεν= ἐξεπλάγη (same sense as Usener’s conjecture φρίττεν).

4. Bircovius points out that Hor.Carm.iii. 27. 33 ff. might be printed as continuous prose, thus: “quae simul centum tetigit potentem oppidis Creten: ‘Pater, o relictae filiae nomen, pietasque’ dixit ‘victa furore! unde quo veni? levis una mors est virginum culpae. vigilansne ploro turpe commissum, an vitiis carentem ludit imago vana, quae porta fugiens eburna somnium ducit?’” etc. The short rhymeless lines of Matthew Arnold’sRugby Chapelmight be run together in the same way, e.g. “There thou dost lie, in the gloom of the autumn evening. But ah! that word,gloom, to my mind brings thee back, in the light of thy radiant vigour, again; in the gloom of November we pass’d days not dark at thy side; seasons impair’d not the ray of thy buoyant cheerfulness clear. Such thou wast! and I stand in the autumn evening, and think of by-gone evenings with thee.” The word-arrangement from line to line is such that this passage might almost be read as prose, except for a certain rhythm and for an occasional departure from the word-order of ordinary prose.

5.Aristophanes: cp. note on21819supra.

8. Compare, for example, the last two stanzas, printed continuously, of Tennyson’sIn Memoriamcxv.: “Where now the seamew pipes, or dives in yonder greening gleam, and fly the happy birds, that change their sky to build and brood, that live their lives from land to land; and in my breast spring wakens too; and my regret becomes an April violet, and buds and blossoms like the rest.”

11.ἀποδυρομένη: probably theDanaëwas a θρῆνος, and in any case it illustrates, to the full, the “maestius lacrimis Simonideis” of Catullus (Carm.xxxviii. 8), or Wordsworth’s “one precious, tender-hearted scroll | Of pureSimonides.” Cp. alsode Imitat.ii. 6. 2 καθ’ ὃ βελτίων εὑρίσκεται καὶ Πινδάρου, τὸ οἰκτίζεσθαι μὴ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀλλὰ παθητικῶς: and Quintil. x. 1. 64 “Simonides, tenuis alioqui, sermone proprio et iucunditate quadam commendari potest; praecipua tamen eius in commovenda miseratione virtus, ut quidam in hac eum parte omnibus eius operis auctoribus praeferant.”

12. Verse-translations of theDanaëwill be found also in J. A. Symonds’Studies of the Greek Poetsi. 160, and in Walter Headlam’sBook of Greek Versepp. 49-51. Headlam observes that theDanaëis a passage extracted from a longer poem, and that the best commentary on it is Lucian’sDialogues of the Sea12. Weir Smyth (Greek Lyric Poetryp. 321) remarks: “It must be confessed that, if we have all that Dionysius transcribed, he has proved his point [viz. that by an arrangement into διαστολαί the poetical rhythm can be so obscured that the reader will be unable to recognize strophe, antistrophe, or epode] so successfully that no one has been able to demonstrate the existence of all three parts of the triad. Wilamowitz (Isyllos144) claims to have restored strophe (ἄνεμος ... δούρατι), epode (χαλκεογόμφῳ ... δεινὸν ἦν), and antistrophe (καὶ ἐμῶν ...); ὅτε ... δαιδαλέᾳ belonging to another triad. To accept this adjustment one must have faith in the extremely elastic ionics of the German scholar. Nietzsche,R. M.23. 481, thought that 1-3 formed the end of the strophe, 4-12 the antistrophe (1-3 = 10-12). In v. 1 he omitted ἐν and read τ’ ἐμάνη πνείων with ἀλεγίζεις in 10, but even then the dactyls vary with spondees over frequently. By a series of reckless conjectures Hartung extricated strophe and antistrophe out of the lines, while Blass’ (Philol.32. 140) similar conclusion is reached by conjectures only less hazardous than those of Hartung. Schneidewin and Bergk, adopting the easier course, which refuses all credence to Dionysius, found only antistrophe and epode; and so, doubtfully, Michelangeli; while Ahrens (Jahresber. des Lyceums zu Hannover, 1853), in despair, classed the fragment among the ἀπολελυμένα. Since verses 2-3 may = 11-12, I have followed Nietzsche, though with much hesitation. The last seven verses suit the character of a concluding epode.”

15.ἤριπεν= ἐξεπλάγη (same sense as Usener’s conjecture φρίττεν).

εἶπέν τ’· ὦ τέκος,οἷον ἔχω πόνον, σὺ δ’ ἀωτεῖς·γαλαθηνῷ δ’ ἤθεϊ κνοώσσειςἐν ἀτερπέι δούρατι χαλκεογόμφῳ δίχα νυκτὸς ἀλαμπεῖκυανέῳ τε δνόφῳ σταλείς. 5ἅλμαν δ’ ὕπερθεν τεᾶν κομᾶν βαθεῖανπαριόντος κύματος οὐκ ἀλέγειςοὐδ’ ἀνέμου φθόγγον, πορφυρέᾳκείμενος ἐν χλανίδι πρὸς κόλπῳ καλὸν πρόσωπον.εἰ δέ τοι δεινὸν τό γε δεινὸν ἦν, 10καί κεν ἐμῶν ῥημάτων λεπτὸν ὑπεῖχες οὖας·κέλομαι, εὗδε βρέφος,εὑδέτω δὲ πόντος, εὑδέτω ἄμετρον κακόν.μεταβουλία δέ τις φανείη,Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἐκ σέο· 15ὅ τι δὴ θαρσαλέον ἔπος εὔχομαινόσφι δίκας, σύγγνωθί μοι.τοιαῦτά ἐστι τὰ ὅμοια τοῖς καλοῖς λόγοις μέτρα καὶ μέλη,διὰ ταύτας γινόμενα τὰς αἰτίας ἃς προεῖπόν σοι.τοῦθ’ ἕξεις δῶρον ἡμέτερον, ὦ Ῥοῦφε, “πολλῶν ἀντάξιον 20ἄλλων,” εἰ βουληθείης ἐν ταῖς χερσί τε αὐτὸ συνεχῶς ὥσπερ[281]And “Oh my baby,” she moaned, “for my lotOf anguish!—but thou, thou carest not:Adown sleep’s flood is thy child-soul sweeping,Though beams brass-welded on every sideMake a darkness, even had the day not diedWhen they launched thee forth at gloaming-tide.And the surf-crests fly o’er thy sunny hairAs the waves roll past—thou dost not care:Neither carest thou for the wind’s shrill cry,As lapped in my crimson cloak thou dost lieOn my breast, little face so fair—so fair!Ah, were these sights, these sounds of fearFearsome to thee, that dainty earWould hearken my words—nay, nay, my dear,Hear them not thou! Sleep, little one, sleep;And slumber thou, O unrestful deep!Sleep, measureless wrongs; let the past suffice:And oh, may a new day’s dawn ariseOn thy counsels, Zeus! O change them now!But if aught be presumptuous in this my prayer,If aught, O Father, of sin be there,Forgive it thou.”[197]Such are the verses and lyrics which resemble beautiful prose; and they owe this resemblance to the causes which I have already set forth to you.Here, then, Rufus, is my gift to you, which you will find “outweigh a multitude of others,”[198]if only you will keep it in

τοιαῦτά ἐστι τὰ ὅμοια τοῖς καλοῖς λόγοις μέτρα καὶ μέλη,διὰ ταύτας γινόμενα τὰς αἰτίας ἃς προεῖπόν σοι.τοῦθ’ ἕξεις δῶρον ἡμέτερον, ὦ Ῥοῦφε, “πολλῶν ἀντάξιον 20ἄλλων,” εἰ βουληθείης ἐν ταῖς χερσί τε αὐτὸ συνεχῶς ὥσπερ

[281]And “Oh my baby,” she moaned, “for my lotOf anguish!—but thou, thou carest not:Adown sleep’s flood is thy child-soul sweeping,Though beams brass-welded on every sideMake a darkness, even had the day not diedWhen they launched thee forth at gloaming-tide.And the surf-crests fly o’er thy sunny hairAs the waves roll past—thou dost not care:Neither carest thou for the wind’s shrill cry,As lapped in my crimson cloak thou dost lieOn my breast, little face so fair—so fair!Ah, were these sights, these sounds of fearFearsome to thee, that dainty earWould hearken my words—nay, nay, my dear,Hear them not thou! Sleep, little one, sleep;And slumber thou, O unrestful deep!Sleep, measureless wrongs; let the past suffice:And oh, may a new day’s dawn ariseOn thy counsels, Zeus! O change them now!But if aught be presumptuous in this my prayer,If aught, O Father, of sin be there,Forgive it thou.”[197]Such are the verses and lyrics which resemble beautiful prose; and they owe this resemblance to the causes which I have already set forth to you.Here, then, Rufus, is my gift to you, which you will find “outweigh a multitude of others,”[198]if only you will keep it in

[281]

And “Oh my baby,” she moaned, “for my lotOf anguish!—but thou, thou carest not:Adown sleep’s flood is thy child-soul sweeping,Though beams brass-welded on every sideMake a darkness, even had the day not diedWhen they launched thee forth at gloaming-tide.And the surf-crests fly o’er thy sunny hairAs the waves roll past—thou dost not care:Neither carest thou for the wind’s shrill cry,As lapped in my crimson cloak thou dost lieOn my breast, little face so fair—so fair!Ah, were these sights, these sounds of fearFearsome to thee, that dainty earWould hearken my words—nay, nay, my dear,Hear them not thou! Sleep, little one, sleep;And slumber thou, O unrestful deep!Sleep, measureless wrongs; let the past suffice:And oh, may a new day’s dawn ariseOn thy counsels, Zeus! O change them now!But if aught be presumptuous in this my prayer,If aught, O Father, of sin be there,Forgive it thou.”[197]

Such are the verses and lyrics which resemble beautiful prose; and they owe this resemblance to the causes which I have already set forth to you.

Here, then, Rufus, is my gift to you, which you will find “outweigh a multitude of others,”[198]if only you will keep it in

1 τέκος Athen. ix. 396E: τέκνον PMV 2 σὺ δ’ ἀωτεῖς Casaubonus: οὐδ’ αυταις P: σὺ δ’ αὖτε εἷς Athen. (l.c.) 3 ἐγαλαθηνωδει θει P, V: γαλαθηνῷ δ’ ἤτορι Athen.: corr. Bergkius || κνοώσσεισ P, V: κνώσσεις Athen. 4 δούρατι Guelf.: δούνατι PM: δούναντι V || δίχα νυκτὸς ἀλαμπεῖ Us.: δενυκτι λαμπεῖ P, MV 5 σταλείς Bergkius: ταδ’ εἰσ P, MV 6 ἅλμαν δ’ Bergkius: αὐλεαν δ’ P, V: αὐλαίαν δ’ M 9 πρὸς κόλπῳ κ. πρ. Us.: πρόσωπον καλον πρόσωπον P: πρόσωπον καλὸν MV 10 ἦν Sylburgius: ἦι P: ἦ M: ἢ V 11 καί M: κἀί V: κε cum litura P || λεπτὸν s: λεπτῶν PMV 14 μαιτ(α)βουλία (i.e. μεταβουλία: cp.904 supra) P: μαιτ(α)βουλίου M: ματαιοβουλία V 17 νόσφι δίκας Victorius: ηνοφι δικασ P: ἣν ὀφειδίασ MV 19 προεῖπά PMV (cf. εἴπειεν P, Aristot. Rhet. 1408 a 32) 21 αὐτὸ Sylburgius: αὐτὰ PMV4.δίχα νυκτός: cp. δίχα μελέτης τε καὶ γυμνασίας (2824), which may be an unconscious echo of this passage. “To me the expression seems to indicate that Simonides took a view of the story different from the ordinary one, and imagined that the chest was not open or boat-like but closed over,—a ‘Noah’s ark.’ This would not have suited the vase-painters, but there is nothing inconsistent with it in the poem. Danaë does not speak ofseeingthe waves, nor of the wind ruffling the child’s hair, but only of ἀνέμου φθόγγον—sheheardit. Hence I think the words imply—‘which, even apart from its being night, would be gloomy, and thou wert so launched forth in the darksome gloaming.’ She makes no reference to seeing the stars” (A. S. Way).5. Schneidewin reads ταθείς.7.ἀλέγεις: rarely constructed with the accusative case.11.ἐμῶν ῥημάτων:constructio ad sensumwith ὑπεῖχες οὖας (= ὑπήκουες).12.εὗδε βρέφος: the βαυκάλημα (‘cradle-song, lullaby’) was familiar to the Greeks, and the mother does not forget it amid the perils of the sea. Cp. Theocr. xxiv. 7-9—εὕδετ’ ἐμὰ βρέφεα γλυκερὸν καὶ ἐγέρσιμον ὕπνον·εὕδετ’ ἐμὰ ψυχά, δύ’ ἀδελφεώ, εὔσοα τέκνα·ὄλβιοι εὐνάζοισθε καὶ ὄλβιοι ἀῶ ἵκοισθε.20. From Hom.Il.xi. 514, 515—ἰητρὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ πολλῶν ἀντάξιος ἄλλωνἰούς τ’ ἐκτάμνειν ἐπί τ’ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσειν.‘For more than a multitude availeth the leech for our need,When the shaft sticketh deep in the flesh, when the healing salve must be spread.’

4.δίχα νυκτός: cp. δίχα μελέτης τε καὶ γυμνασίας (2824), which may be an unconscious echo of this passage. “To me the expression seems to indicate that Simonides took a view of the story different from the ordinary one, and imagined that the chest was not open or boat-like but closed over,—a ‘Noah’s ark.’ This would not have suited the vase-painters, but there is nothing inconsistent with it in the poem. Danaë does not speak ofseeingthe waves, nor of the wind ruffling the child’s hair, but only of ἀνέμου φθόγγον—sheheardit. Hence I think the words imply—‘which, even apart from its being night, would be gloomy, and thou wert so launched forth in the darksome gloaming.’ She makes no reference to seeing the stars” (A. S. Way).

5. Schneidewin reads ταθείς.

7.ἀλέγεις: rarely constructed with the accusative case.

11.ἐμῶν ῥημάτων:constructio ad sensumwith ὑπεῖχες οὖας (= ὑπήκουες).

12.εὗδε βρέφος: the βαυκάλημα (‘cradle-song, lullaby’) was familiar to the Greeks, and the mother does not forget it amid the perils of the sea. Cp. Theocr. xxiv. 7-9—

εὕδετ’ ἐμὰ βρέφεα γλυκερὸν καὶ ἐγέρσιμον ὕπνον·εὕδετ’ ἐμὰ ψυχά, δύ’ ἀδελφεώ, εὔσοα τέκνα·ὄλβιοι εὐνάζοισθε καὶ ὄλβιοι ἀῶ ἵκοισθε.

20. From Hom.Il.xi. 514, 515—

ἰητρὸς γὰρ ἀνὴρ πολλῶν ἀντάξιος ἄλλωνἰούς τ’ ἐκτάμνειν ἐπί τ’ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσειν.

‘For more than a multitude availeth the leech for our need,When the shaft sticketh deep in the flesh, when the healing salve must be spread.’

τι καὶ ἄλλο τῶν πάνυ χρησίμων ἔχειν καὶ συνασκεῖν αὑτὸνταῖς καθ’ ἡμέραν γυμνασίαις. οὐ γὰρ αὐτάρκη τὰ παραγγέλματατῶν τεχνῶν ἐστι δεινοὺς ἀγωνιστὰς ποιῆσαι τοὺς βουλομένουςγε δίχα μελέτης τε καὶ γυμνασίας· ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τοῖςπονεῖν καὶ κακοπαθεῖν βουλομένοις κεῖται σπουδαῖα εἶναι τὰ 5παραγγέλματα καὶ λόγου ἄξια ἢ φαῦλα καὶ ἄχρηστα.[283]your hands constantly like any other really useful thing, and exercise yourself in its lessons daily. No rules contained in rhetorical manuals can suffice to make experts of those who are determined to dispense with study and practice. They who are ready to undergo toil and hardship can alone decide whether such rules are trivial and useless, or worthy of serious consideration.

[283]your hands constantly like any other really useful thing, and exercise yourself in its lessons daily. No rules contained in rhetorical manuals can suffice to make experts of those who are determined to dispense with study and practice. They who are ready to undergo toil and hardship can alone decide whether such rules are trivial and useless, or worthy of serious consideration.

[283]

your hands constantly like any other really useful thing, and exercise yourself in its lessons daily. No rules contained in rhetorical manuals can suffice to make experts of those who are determined to dispense with study and practice. They who are ready to undergo toil and hardship can alone decide whether such rules are trivial and useless, or worthy of serious consideration.

1 αὑτὸν ταῖς Us.: αὐτὸν ταῖσ P: αὐτὸ ταῖς M: αὐταῖς V 3 ἀγωνιστὰς Sylburgius: δεινοῦσ αν ταγωνιστασ sic P: ἀνταγωνιστὰς etiam MV 4 γε Us.: τε P: om. MV 5 βουλομένοις PM: om. V || σπουδαῖαν εἶναι (sic) P: ἢ σπουδαῖα εἶναι MV 6 Διονυσίου αλικαρνα(σεως) πε(ρὶ) συνθέσεως ὀνομάτων: ~ litteris maiusculis subscripsit P2. The training meant would consist chiefly in that general reading of Greek authors which is indicated in this treatise or in thede Imitatione, and in Quintilian’s Tenth Book: it would carry out the precept “vos exemplaria Graeca | nocturna versate manu, versate diurna.” Afterwards would follow the technical and systematic study of style or eloquence, regarded as a preparation for public life.3.ἀγωνιστάς: cp. note on26829supraand PlatoPhaedr.269Dτὸ μὲν δύνασθαι, ὦ Φαῖδρε, ὥστε ἀγωνιστὴν τέλεον γενέσθαι, εἰκός—ἴσως δὲ καὶ ἀναγκαῖον—ἔχειν ὥσπερ τἆλλα· εἰ μέν σοι ὑπάρχει φύσει ῥητορικῷ εἶναι, ἔσῃ ῥήτωρ ἐλλόγιμος, προσλαβὼν ἐπιστήμην τε καὶ μελέτην, ὅτου δ’ ἂν ἐλλείπῃς τούτων, ταύτῃ ἀτελὴς ἔσῃ.4. The best Greeks and Romans at all times believed in work, and in genius as including the capacity for taking pains. Compare (in addition to the passage of thePhaedrus) Soph.El.945 ὅρα· πόνου τοι χωρὶς οὐδὲν εὐτυχεῖ: Eurip.Fragm.432 τῷ γὰρ πονοῦντι χὠ θεὸς συλλαμβάνει: Aristoph.Ran.1370 ἐπίπονοί γ’ οἱ δεξιοί: Cic.de Offic.i. 18. 60 “nec medici, nec imperatores, nec oratores, quamvis artis praecepta perceperint, quidquam magna laude dignum sine usu et exercitatione consequi possunt”: Quintil.Inst. Or.Prooem. § 27 “sicut et haec ipsa (bona ingenii) sine doctore perito, studio pertinaci, scribendi, legendi, dicendi multa et continua exercitatione per se nihil prosunt.” See also note on page264supra.

2. The training meant would consist chiefly in that general reading of Greek authors which is indicated in this treatise or in thede Imitatione, and in Quintilian’s Tenth Book: it would carry out the precept “vos exemplaria Graeca | nocturna versate manu, versate diurna.” Afterwards would follow the technical and systematic study of style or eloquence, regarded as a preparation for public life.

3.ἀγωνιστάς: cp. note on26829supraand PlatoPhaedr.269Dτὸ μὲν δύνασθαι, ὦ Φαῖδρε, ὥστε ἀγωνιστὴν τέλεον γενέσθαι, εἰκός—ἴσως δὲ καὶ ἀναγκαῖον—ἔχειν ὥσπερ τἆλλα· εἰ μέν σοι ὑπάρχει φύσει ῥητορικῷ εἶναι, ἔσῃ ῥήτωρ ἐλλόγιμος, προσλαβὼν ἐπιστήμην τε καὶ μελέτην, ὅτου δ’ ἂν ἐλλείπῃς τούτων, ταύτῃ ἀτελὴς ἔσῃ.

4. The best Greeks and Romans at all times believed in work, and in genius as including the capacity for taking pains. Compare (in addition to the passage of thePhaedrus) Soph.El.945 ὅρα· πόνου τοι χωρὶς οὐδὲν εὐτυχεῖ: Eurip.Fragm.432 τῷ γὰρ πονοῦντι χὠ θεὸς συλλαμβάνει: Aristoph.Ran.1370 ἐπίπονοί γ’ οἱ δεξιοί: Cic.de Offic.i. 18. 60 “nec medici, nec imperatores, nec oratores, quamvis artis praecepta perceperint, quidquam magna laude dignum sine usu et exercitatione consequi possunt”: Quintil.Inst. Or.Prooem. § 27 “sicut et haec ipsa (bona ingenii) sine doctore perito, studio pertinaci, scribendi, legendi, dicendi multa et continua exercitatione per se nihil prosunt.” See also note on page264supra.

(Including Terms of Rhetoric, Grammar, Prosody, Music, Phonetics, and Literary Criticism)

In the Glossary, as in the Notes, the following abbreviations are used:—

Long. = ‘Longinus on the Sublime.’D.H. = ‘Dionysius of Halicarnassus: the Three Literary Letters.’Demetr. = ‘Demetrius on Style.’

ἀγεννής.9020,1709, etc.Ignoble,mean: in reference to style. Lat.ignobilis,degener.

ἀγοραῖος.26220.Vulgar,colloquial,mechanical. Lat.circumforaneus,circulatorius. Cp. Luciande conscrib. hist.§ 44 μήτε ἀπορρήτοις καὶ ἔξω πάτου ὀνόμασι μήτε τοῖς ἀγοραίοις τούτοις καὶ καπηλικοῖς.

ἀγχίστροφος.21220.Quick-changing,flexible. Lat.mutabilis. Instances of its rhetorical use are cited in Long. p. 194. The word has more warrant as a term of rhetoric than ἀντίρροπος, which is given by F.

ἀγωγή.681,training.1949,sequence,movement.24424,cast, ortendency. Cp. some uses of Lat.ductus. Other examples in D.H. p. 184: to which may be addedde Isocr.c. 12 andde Thucyd.c. 27; Macran’sHarmonics of Aristoxenuspp. 121, 143; Strabo xiv. 1. 41 παραφθείρας τὴν τῶν προτέρων μελοποιῶν ἀγωγήν, and (later) ἀπεμιμήσατο τὴν ἀγωγὴν τῶν παρὰ τοῖς κιναίδοις διαλέκτων καὶ τῆς ἠθοποιΐας.—In12410 the adjectiveἀγωγόςis used (as in Eurip.Hec.536,Troad.1131) with the genitive in the senseprovocative of,conducive to: cp.de Demosth.c. 55 ἃ δὴ τῶν τοιούτων ἔσται παθῶν ἀγωγά. [InTroad.1131 Dindorf, ed. v., gives ἀρωγός without comment, against theMSS.]

ἀγών.2522,26223.Contest,pleading,trial. Lat.certamen,actio. Cp. Long. p. 194, D.H. p. 184, Demetr. p. 263.

ἀδολέσχης.27219, 22.Garrulous.Lat.loquax. Cp. Demetr. p. 263.

ἀηδής.1007,12419, etc.Unpleasant,disagreeable. Lat.iniucundus,molestus. Similarlyἀηδία,13221,13414.

ἀθρόος.2222.Compressed,concentrated. Lat.consertus,stipatus. In the passage specified it would seem that Dionysius compares the issue of the breath to the exit of people through a narrow door, whereby they arecrowded together. The sound ofp, which is under discussion, approaches whistling; and that is the maximum of breath-compression.

αἵρεσις.7015,1983, 8,24617.School,following. Lat.secta.

αἴσθησις.13017,13411,15215,2181.Sense,perception. Lat.sensus. Soαἰσθητός,perceptible,15222,2066, etc.; andαἰσθητῶς,perceptibly,12620,20218.

ἀκατάστροφος.2321.Without rounding or conclusion.Lat.idonei exitus expers. Used of a period which does not turn back upon itself—which is, in fact,nota περίοδος. Cp. the use of εὐκαταστρόφως in Demetr.de Eloc.§ 10.

ἀκατονόμαστος.20825.Unnamed,nameless. Lat.appellationis expers.

ἀκέραστος.23018.Unmixed, orincapable of mixture. Lat.non permixtus,s. qui permisceri non potest.

ἀκοή.703,11823,1468, etc.The sense of hearing: ‘the ear.’ Lat.auditus. Soἀκρόασις,11619,1988, etc.

ἀκόλλητος.21813.Uncompacted, orincapable of being compacted. Lat.non compactus,s. qui compingi non potest.

ἀκολουθία.21222,23220,25417.Sequence,the orderly progression of words. Lat.consecutio,ordo,series. ἐν πολλοῖς ὑπεροπτικὴ τῆς ἀκολουθίας,21222 =prone to anacolouthon. Cp. Long. p. 102, D.H. p. 184, Demetr. p. 263. Similarlyἀκόλουθοςis used ofwhat follows naturally,1309,22817, etc.

ἀκόμψευτος.21223,23221.Unadorned.Lat.incomptus. Used of a style which issans recherche,sans parure. Cp. Cic.Orat.24. 78 “nam ut mulieres esse dicuntur non nullae inornatae, quas id ipsum deceat, sic haec subtilis oratio etiam incompta delectat.”

ἀκόρυφος.23031.Without a capital or beginning.Lat.sine fastigio,sine initio. Used of a period without a proper beginning and therefore imperfectly rounded: whereas true periods are εὐκόρυφοι καὶ στρογγύλαι ὥσπερ ἀπὸ τόρνου (de Demosth.c. 43).

ἀκρίβεια.11810,2068,26611, etc.Exactitude,precision,finish. Lat.perfectio,absolutio,subtilitas. Used of anars exquisita, astyle soigné. Soἀκριβής19615, andἀκριβοῦν9414 and2429. Cp. D.H. p. 184, and Demetr. p. 264 (where the slightly depreciatory sense of ‘correctness,’ ‘nicety,’ is also illustrated: cp.C.V.27422).

ἀκροστόμιον.14217.The edge of the mouth or lips.Lat.summum os,labrorum margo. Cp.14822 τῆς γλώττης ἄκρῳ τῷ στόματι προσερειδομένης κατὰ τοὺς μετεώρους ὀδόντας.

ἀκώλιστος.23423.Without members or clauses.Lat.sine membris. Used of a period not divided, or jointed, into clauses.

ἀλήθεια.19826.Human experience.Lat.veritas vitae,usus rerum,vita,usus. The actual facts of life are meant, as opposed to the theories of the schools. Cp.de Isaeoc. 18 ὅτι μοι δοκεῖ Λυσίας μὲν τὴν ἀλήθειαν (‘the truth of nature,’ ‘a natural simplicity’) διώκειν μᾶλλον, Ἰσαῖος δὲ τὴν τέχνην.

ἄλογος.6618,14614,15215,1742, 3,20613,24422.Irrational;unguided by reason;subconscious;incalculable;instinctive;spontaneous. Lat.rationis expers. With the use in14614 (where the Epitome has ἀλάλου) may be compared the process by which ἄλογον in Modern Greek has come to mean ‘horse.’ With ἄλογος αἴσθησις in15215 and24422 cp. the use of “tacitus sensus” in Cic.de Orat.iii. 195 “omnes enim tacito quodam sensu sine ulla arte aut ratione quae sint in artibus ac rationibus recta ac prava diiudicant” andOrat.60. 203 “aures ipsae tacito eum (modum) sensu sine arte definiunt”: see alsode Lysiac. 11,de Demosth.c. 24,de Thucyd.c. 27. For the doctrine of ἀλογία in relation to metre see p.154supraand GoodellGreek Metricpp. 109 ff. (with references to Aristoxenus, Westphal, etc., pp. 150 ff.). The notion ofincommensurabilityis, of course, present in the term: cp. Aristox. p. 292 ὥρισται δὲ τῶν ποδῶν ἕκαστος ἤτοι λόγῳ τινὶ ἢ ἀλογίᾳ τοιαύτῃ, ἥτις δύο λόγων γνωρίμων τῇ αἰσθήσει ἀνὰ μέσον ἔσται, which Goodell (p. 110) translates, “each of the feet is determined and defined either by a precise ratio or by an incommensurable ratio such that it will be between two ratios recognizable by the sense.”

ἀμεγέθης.17611.Wanting in size or dignity.Lat.exilis. Cp. Long.de Sublim.xl. 2 οὐκ ὄντες ὑψηλοὶ φύσει, μήποτε δὲ καὶ ἀμεγέθεις.

ἄμετρος.744,1761, 21, etc.Unmetred,unmetrical. Lat. (oratio)soluta. It is interesting to note the variety of Dionysius’ expressions for ‘prose’ or ‘in prose’—λέξις ἄμετρος, λέξις πεζή, λέξις ψιλή, λόγος ἀποίητος, λόγοι ἄμετροι, λόγοι or λόγος simply (2729, 13), δίχα μέτρου (25220), λεκτικῶς (2583), etc. Cp. PlatoRep.366E, 390A, etc.

ἀμορφία.18418,19810.Unsightliness.Lat.deformitas. Soἄμορφος9216.

ἄμουσος.7411,12219.Rude,uncultured. Lat.insulsus,illiteratus,infacetus.

ἀμυδρός.20622.Faint,obscure. Lat.subobscurus.

ἀμφίβολος.9617.Ambiguous.Lat.dubius,ambiguus,qui in duos pluresve sensus verti potest.

ἀμφίβραχυς.1726,18411.Amphibrachys.The metrical foot ᴗ – ᴗ.

ἀναβολή.1645,22013.Retardation.Lat.mora,intervallum. Soἀναβάλλειν18015,21618: cp.de Demosth.c. 54 (ταῦτ’ ἐσπευσμένως εἰπέ, ταῦτ’ ἀναβεβλημένως), and c. 43.

ἀναισθησία.18421.Insensibility,stupidity. Lat.stupor. Compareἀναίσθητος1908, and see the editor’sAncient Boeotianspp. 4-8.

ἀνακοπή.1645,23028,23216.Stoppage,clashing. Lat.impedimentum,offensio. Fr.refoulement. Cp.de Demosth.c. 38, and also the verbἀνακόπτειν2229.

ἀνάπαιστος.17210, etc.Anapaest.The metrical foot ᴗ ᴗ –.

ἀνάπαυλα.19611.Rest,pause. Lat.mora,intermissio. The ‘reliefs’ afforded by variety of structure, etc., are meant.

ἀναπλέκειν.26423.To bind up the hair.Lat.caesariem reticulo colligere.

ἄναρθρος.21221.Without joints or articles.Lat.sine articulis.

ἀνδρώδης.17417.Manly, virile.Lat.virilis.Cp.de Demosth.cc. 39, 43, and Quintil. v. 12. 18.

ἀνέδραστος.2324.Unsteady.Lat.instabilis.Used of a period which has no proper base or termination. The opposite of ἑδραῖος (Demetr. p. 277).

ἀνεπιτήδευτος.843,21213,26014.Unsought, unstudied.Lat.nullo studio delectus, non exquisitus.Soἀνέκλεκτος843:not picked with care.

ἄνεσις.2105.Loosening.Lat.remissio.Cp. PlatoRep.i. 349Eἐν τῇ ἐπιτάσει καὶ ἀνέσει τῶν χορδῶν πλεονεκτεῖν, andἀνίεται1265.

ἀνθηρός.21222 (cp.20826,23225).Florid.Lat.floridus.Fr.fleuri.Cp. Quintil. xii. 10. 58 “namque unum [dicendi genus] subtile, quod ἰσχνόν vocant, alterum grande atque robustum, quod ἁδρόν dicunt, constituunt; tertium alii medium ex duobus, alii floridum (namque id ἀνθηρόν appellant) addiderunt.” ‘Florid’ (like ‘flowery’) has acquired rather a bad sense, whereas the Greek word suggests ‘flower-like,’ ‘full of colour,’ ‘with delicate touches and associations.’

ἀντίθετος.2466.Antithetic(σχηματισμοὶ ... ἀντίθετοι). Cp. Demetr. pp. 266, 267, s.v. ἀντίθεσις.

ἀντιστηριγμός.1646.Resistance, stumbling-block.Lat.impedimentum, obstaculum.Cp.de Demosth.c. 38 ἀνακοπὰς καὶ ἀντιστηριγμοὺς λαμβάνειν καὶ τραχύτητας ἐν ταῖς συμπλοκαῖς τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπιστυφούσας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἡσυχῇ [ἡ αὐστῆρα ἁρμονία] βούλεται.

ἀντίστροφος.1742,1946, 9, 11,2789.Corresponding, counterpart.Lat.respondens.Frequently used by Dionysius of the second stanza (ἀντιστροφή,25418), sung by the Chorus in its counter-movement. Cp. schol. ad Aristoph.Plut.253 μεταξὺ τῆς τε στροφῆς καὶ τῆς ἀντιστρόφου: andde Demosth.c. 50 κἄπειτα πάλιν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ῥυθμοῖς καὶ μέτροις ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν στίχων ἢ περίοδων, ἃς ἀντιστρόφους ὀνομάζουσι, χρωμένη.

ἀντιτυπία.20225,22217,22415,2306, 232 6,24425.Repulsion, clashing, dissonance.Lat.conflictio, asperitas.So the adjectiveἀντίτυποςin16223,21020, etc. Hesychius, ἀντιτύποις· σκληροῖς.

ἀντονομασία.7019,10218.Pronoun.Lat.pronomen.In10814 ἀντωνυμία is found; and this (the more usual) form should perhaps be read throughout.

ἀνωμαλία.23219.Unevenness.Lat.inaequalitas.Fr.inégalité.

ἀξίωμα.841,12023,1702,17419.Dignity.Lat.dignitas.Fr.dignité.In9616 the sense isa proposition (pronuntiatum,Cic.Tusc.i. 7. 14;enuntiatio,Cic.de Fato10. 20).—The adjectiveἀξιωματικός(‘dignified’) occurs in13611,1686, etc., and the adverbἀξιωματικῶςin17624.—In8813,1867,ἀξίωσις=reputation, excellence.

ἀπαγγελία.20418.Narration.Lat.narratio.Sometimes the word is used, like ἑρμηνεία, of style (elocutio) in general: cp.de Demosth.c. 25, and Chrysostom (in a passage which, as revealing the pupil of Libanius and as illustrating many things in theC.V., may be quoted at some length): ἐγὼ δὲ εἰ μὲν τὴν λειότητα Ἰσοκράτους ἀπῄτουν, καὶ τὸν Δημοσθένους ὄγκον, καὶ τὴν Θουκυδίδου σεμνότητα, καὶ τὸ Πλάτωνος ὕψος, ἔδει φέρειν εἰς μέσον ταύτην τοῦ Παύλου τὴν μαρτυρίαν. νῦν δὲ ἐκεῖνα μὲν πάντα ἀφίημι, καὶ τὸν περίεργον τῶν ἔξωθεν καλλωπισμόν, καὶ οὐδέν μοι φράσεως, οὐδὲ ἀπαγγελίας μέλει· ἀλλ’ ἐξέστω καὶ τῆ λέξει πτωχεύειν, καὶ τὴν συνθήκην τῶν ὀνομάτων ἁπλῆν τινα εἶναι καὶ ἀσφαλῆ, μόνον μὴ τῇ γνώσει τις καὶ τῇ τῶν δογμάτων ἀκριβείᾳ ἰδιώτης ἔστω (de Sacerdotioiv. 6).—The verbἀπαγγέλλεινoccurs in2009, 11.

ἀπαρέμφατος.10220.Infinitive.Lat.infinitivus(sc.modus). [The infinitive, unlike the indicative and other moods,does not indicatedifference of meaning by means of inflexions denoting number and person. Whence the Greek name: cp. παρεμφατικός, p.315infra.]

ἀπαριθμεῖν.2688.To recount,to run over. Lat.percensere.

ἀπαρτίζειν.19416.To round off,to complete. Lat.adaequare,absolvere. Cp.de Demosth.c. 50 καὶ μέτρα τὰ μὲν ἀπηρτισμένα καὶ τέλεια, τὰ δ’ ἀτελῆ:Ev. Luc.xiv. 28 τίς γὰρ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θέλων πύργον οἰκοδομῆσαι, οὐχὶ πρῶτον καθίσας ψηφίζει τὴν δαπάνην, εἰ ἔχει τὰ πρὸς ἀπαρτισμόν (completion); So κατὰ ἀπαρτισμόν, in24618, meanscompletely, absolutely, narrowly. InClassical Reviewxxiii. 82, the present writer has suggested that κατὰ ἀπαρτισμόν are the words missing inOxyrhynchus Papyrivi. 116, where Grenfell and Hunt give ἐν πλάτει καὶ οὐ κ[.............]ν. θεωρητέα ἐστίν, or the like, may have preceded: cp.15226supra(and note).

ἀπαρχαί.762.Firstfruits.Lat.primitiae. Used here in connexion with the verb προχειρισάμενος,cum delibavero.

ἀπατηλός.23610.Seductive.Lat.suavis et oblectans,illecebrosus.

ἀπερίγραφος.2324.Not circumscribed.Lat.nullis limitibus circumscriptus.

ἀπερίοδος.23423,2761.Without a period.Lat.periodo non absolutus.

ἀπευθύνειν.1301.To regulate.Lat.tamquam ad regulam dirigere.

ἀπηνής.22815.Crabbed,rugged. Lat.durus.

ἁπλοῦς.1448, 17,1763.Simple,uncompounded. Lat.simplex.

ἀποίητος.704.In plain prose.Lat.prosaicus. Cp. s.v. ἄμετρος.

ἀποκλείειν.14423.To shut off,to intercept. Lat.intercludere.

ἀποκόπτειν.1428,23019.To cut short.Lat.rescindere. So ἐξἀποκοπῆς(1423) =with a snap,abruptly. See the exx. given, s.v. ἀποκοπή, in Demetr. p. 268.

ἀποκυματίζειν.24022.To ruffle.Lat.reddere inquietum,fluctibus agitare.

ἀπορριπίζειν.14424,1501.To blow away.Lat.flatu abigere. In both these passages there is some manuscript support for ἀπορραπίζειν. In14424 the sense (with ἀπορραπιζούσης) would be ‘to send out the breath in beats,’ ‘to cause the breath to vibrate.’

ἀποτραχύνειν.2189,23024.To roughen.Lat.exasperare.

ἀργός.21022.Unwrought.Lat.rudis. In2508ἀργίαis used for ‘idleness,’ with reference to the Epicurean attitude towards the refinements of style.

ἄρθρον.7017.Article.Lat.articulus. See D.H. pp. 185, 186; Demetr. p. 269. ἄρθρον (‘joint’) and σύνδεσμος (‘sinew’ or ‘ligament’) are terms borrowed from anatomy.

ἀριθμοί.24427.Numbers,cadences. Lat.numeri,numeri oratorii. Cp.de Demosth.c. 53 φέρε γὰρ ἐπιχειρείτω τις προφέρεσθαι τούσδε τοὺς ἀριθμούς· Ὄλυνθον μὲν δὴ καὶ Μεθώνην κτλ. As Aristotle (Rhet.iii. 8. 2) says, περαίνεται δὲ ἀριθμῷ πάντα· ὁ δὲ τοῦ σχήματος τῆς λέξεως ἀριθμὸς ῥυθμός ἐστιν, οὗ καὶ τὰ μέτρα τμητά.

ἀριστεῖα.18212.Lead,supremacy. Lat.primas(dare).

Ἀριστοφάνειος.25613,2589.Aristophanic.Lat.Aristophaneus. The reference is to the anapaestic tetrameter called ‘Aristophanic.’ Hephaestion (Ench.c. 8) explains the term thus: κέκληται δὲ Ἀριστοφάνειον, οὐκ Ἀριστοφάνους αὐτὸ εὑρόντος πρῶτον, ἐπεὶ καὶ παρὰ Κρατίνῳ ἐστί·

χαίρετε δαίμονες οἳ Λεβάδειαν Βοιώτιον οὖθαρ ἀρούρης·ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ τὸν Ἀριστοφάνην πολλῷ αὐτῷ κεχρῆσθαι.

ἁρμογή.11213,2189,2365,2709.Junction,combination. Lat.coagmentatio.

ἁρμονία.726, 9,744, 10, 19,849, 15,905,9415,10419,11414, 17,11615, 20,passim.Adjustment,arrangement,balance,harmonious composition. Lat.apta structura,concinna orationis compositio,aptus ordo partium inter se cohaerentium. Fr.enchaînement. But, as distinguished from ἁρμογή or from σύνθεσις, ἁρμονία seems usually to connote ‘harmony’ in the more restricted (musical) sense of notes in fitting sequence: cp. our ‘arrangement’ of a song or piece of music. In fact, Dionysius’ three ἁρμονίαι might well be described as three ‘modes of composition,’ and ‘tune’ (the meaning which ἁρμονία bears in Aristot.Rhet.iii. 1. 4) might sometimes serve as a suitable rendering even in reference to literary composition or oratorical rhythm. The original use of the word in Greek carpentry (which employed dovetailing in preference to nails) finds an excellent illustration in the words of a contemporary of Dionysius, Strabo (Geogr.iv. 4): διόπερ οὐ συνάγουσι τὰς ἁρμονίας τῶν σανίδων, ἀλλ’ ἀραιώματα καταλείπουσιν. We have perhaps no single English word which can, like ἁρμονία, incline, according to the context, to the literal sense (‘a fitting,’ ‘a juncture’), or to the metaphorical meaning (‘harmony,’ as ‘harmony’ was understood by the Greeks); but see T. Wilson’s definition of ‘composition’ under σύνθεσις, p.326infra, and compare one of the definitions of ‘harmony’ in theNew English Dictionary: “pleasing combination or arrangement of sounds, as in poetry or in speaking: sweet or melodious sound.”—The verb ἁρμόττειν is found in986,10417, etc.

ἀρρενικός.10621.Of the masculine gender.Lat.masculinus.

ἀρτηρία.14021,1424,1445, 20,14817.Windpipe.Lat.arteria.

ἀρχαϊσμός.21223.A touch of antiquity.Lat.sermonis prisci imitatio. Cp.ἀρχαϊκός,21620,2288. Soἀρχαιοπρεπῆσχήματα (2368) =figurae orationis quae vetustatem redolent. As Quintilian (viii. 3. 27) says, “quaedam tamen adhuc vetera vetustate ipsa gratius nitent.” Cp. D.H. p. 186 (s.v. ἀρχαιοπρεπής) and Demetr. p. 269 (s.v. ἀρχαιοειδής): alsode Demosth.c. 48.

ἀρχαί.13622,14013.First beginnings.Lat.principia.

ἄσεμνος.11020,17020,17612,19211.Undignified.Lat.dignitatis expers,minime venerandus. Cp. D.H. p. 269.

ἄσημος.25622,2626.Unnoticed.Lat.obscurus.

ἄσιγμος.1481.Without a sigma.Lat.carens littera sigma.

ᾆσμα.1962.Song,lay. Lat.carmen,canticum.

ἀσύμμετρος.1248,2361.Incommensurable,disproportionate,incorrect. Lat.incommensurabilis,sine iusta proportione,inconcinnus. Soἀσυμμετρία23219. Some good illustrations (drawn from Cicero) ofconstructions symétriqueswill be found in Laurand’sÉtudes sur le style des discours de Cicéronpp. 118-21.

ἀσύμμικτος.21812.Unblended, orincapable of being blended. Lat.non permixtus,s. qui permisceri non potest.

ἀσύμφωνος.12223.Out of tune.Lat.dissonus.

ἄτακτος.15620,25416.Disordered,irregular. Lat.perturbatus,nullo ordine compositus,incompositus.

ἀτοπία.13026.Awkwardness,clumsiness. Lat.rusticitas,ineptia.

αὐθάδης.2289.Wilful,headstrong,unbending. Lat.ferox,pertinax. Cp. Long.de Subl.xxxii. 3 ὁ δὲ Δημοσθένης οὐχ οὕτως μὲν αὐθάδης ὥσπερ οὗτος (sc. ὁ Θουκυδίδης), κτλ.

αὐθέκαστος.21223.Outspoken,downright. Lat.rigidus. In Plutarch’sCatoc. 6 Cato is described as ἀπαραίτητος ὢν ἐν τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας προστάγμασιν ὄρθιος καὶ αὐθέκαστος (cp. therigida innocentiaattributed to him by Livy xxxix. 40. 10). In Aristotle (Eth. Nic.iv. 7. 4) the αὐθέκαστος hits the mean between the ἀλαζών and the εἴρων.

αὐλός.1422.Passage,channel. Lat.meatus.

αὐστηρός.20826,21015,21617, 21,22815,23222,2489.Austere,severe. Lat.severus(cp. Quintil. ix. 4. 97, 120, 128). Compare the antithetic expressions quoted from Dionysius in D.H. p. 186, and addde Demosth.c. 38 init. Also see s.v. στρυφνός, p.323infra.

αὐτάρκης.21217,2822.Sufficient,self-sufficing. Lat.sufficiens,per se sufficiens.

αὐτίκα.987,1942,2567,2686.To begin with,for example. Lat.exempli gratia.

αὐτόματος.25619.Self-acting,spontaneous. Lat.spontaneus,ultroneus. Cp.αὐτομάτως21212;αὐτοματίζειν2045;αὐτοματισμός2183,2581, 24. In25619 ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου =sponte sua,fortuito.

αὐτοσχέδιος.2121,26014,2623.Improvised.Lat.fortuitus,extemporalis,inelaboratus,tumultuarius. Soαὐτοσχεδίως26025, andαὐτοσχεδιάζειν25619 (πολλὰ γὰρ αὐτοσχεδιάζει μέτρα ἡ φύσις =multos versus sponte solet natura effundere). Cp. Demetr. p. 270 s.v. αὐτοσχεδιάζειν, and see σχέδιος p.327infra.

αὐτοτελής.1186,1401.Complete in itself,absolute. Lat.perfectus,absolutus. Soαὐτοτελῶς1403. The meaning of the word is well illustrated by Diodorus Siculus xii. 1 init. οὔτε γὰρ τῶν νομιζομένων ἀγαθῶν οὐδὲν ὁλόκληρον εὑρίσκεται δεδομένον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις οὔτε τῶν κακῶν αὐτοτελὲς ἄνευ εὐχρηστίας.

αὐτουργός.19615.Self-wrought,rudely wrought. Lat.rudis. Cp.de Demosth.c. 39 (as quoted s.v. συναπαρτίζειν, p.325infra).—Theactivesense of αὐτουργός finds a good illustration in Euripides’ well-known line: αὐτουργός, οἵπερ καὶ μόνοι σῴζουσι γῆν (Orest.920).

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