AAbdominal ribs,85,154Accumulation of characters,220Acetabulum,95Acquired characters,219Adjacent land,136Air cells,10,48Albatross,23,36,176Alligator, brain,53;pelvis,98American Greensand,185— ornithosaurs,87,126Amphibia,4,191Anabas,17Anacharis,227Anchisaurus,199Angle of lower jaw,75Ankle bones,103,195,207Anomodonts,192Ant-eater of Africa,142;India,40;South America,40,185Apteryx, lungs,48;pelvis,95Aquatic mammals,141Aramis, scapular arch,113Archæopteryx,58,76,104,130,197,211Aristosuchus,129,190,205,209Armadillo,40,141Articulation of the jaw,12,75Ashwell,177Atlantosaurus,202Atlas and axis,80,81Aves,190Avian characters,220,222BBackbone,78,84Banz,148Barbastelle,25Barrington,177Barton,177Bat,38,110,197;sternum of,107;metacarpus,128Bavaria,156,185Beak, horny,74,178Bear, skull of,12;femur,100Bel and the Dragon,15Belodon,202Bird,80,110,120— resemblances,63,65,71,95,102,108,113,119,120,211Bird-reptile,188Bird wing,128,130Birds in flight,22;with teeth,76Black-headed bunting,47Blainville, D. de,30,193Blood, temperature of,56Bohemia,34Bonaparte, Prince Charles,30Bones of birds, variation in,41— of reptiles, variation in,42— about the brain,69— in the back,84Bone texture,59,209Bonn Museum,32,85,156Brain and breathing organs,55Brain cavity, in birds and reptiles,52;in mammals,221,226;in Solenhofen pterodactyles,54,220Brazil,34Breathing organs,8Bridgewater Treatise,143British Museum,133,183Brixton, Isle of Wight,55,174Buckland, Dean,143,148,231Burrowing limb,38CCactus,227Calamospondylus,203Cambridge Greensand,33,89,176— Museum,177Camel,83Campylognathus,68,71,135;size of,149Canary,47Carnivorous dinosaurs,129Carpus,122Caudal fin,91,161— vertebræ,89,92,203Ceratodus,4,5,9,17Ceratosaurus,203,204Cervical rib,81Cetacea,40Cetiosaurus,198,203Chalinolobus,25Chalk, pterodactyles in,136;of Kansas,103,132Chameleon,17,51,70;scapula,112;sternum,107Chameleonoidea,191Cheek bones,178Chelonia,86,112,193Chesterton,177Chlamydosaurus,21Chrysochloris capensis,121Classification,192;on pelvis characters,195;of dinosaurs,198Clavicles,111,112Claw,105,116,183,208Cœlurus,203,209Coldham Common,177Collar bone,111Collini,27Comparison with dinosaurs,198;of pelvis,204,206;of skulls,192,199,201Cope, Professor,31,34Coracoid,109,112,113Cordylomorpha,191Cormorant,70,174;sternum,108Corpora quadrigemina,221Crisp, Dr., on pneumatic skeleton,47Crocodile, characters of,217;heart,56;lung,9;shoulder-girdle,111;skull,46;vertebræ,79Crocodilia,190Curlew,68Cuvier,1,27,28,54,76,77,130,231Cycnorhamphus,70,94,171,173,204Cycnorhamphus Fraasii,80,96,169—suevicus,169,170Cypselus,42DDacelo gigantea,63Darwin,3Davy, Dr. John,142Deuterosaurus,97Dicynodon,200Dicynodon lacerticeps,71Digits, of ostrich,23;of pterodactyle,128Digits with claws,130;foot bones in,105Dimorphodon,63,64,66,67,73,74,83,90,102,113,143,192,194,199,201,206Dinosauria,6,77,84,87,95,129,144,198,209Dinosaurs from Lias,135,192;from Elgin,201,207;Stuttgart,202;Trias dinosaurs,199,200Diopecephalus,168Diving birds,23,83,102Dolichosauria,191Dolphin,107Doratorhynchus,173Dorygnathus,74,148Dragons,3,15,17Drumstick bone,103,195Duck,22,83EEchidna,75,76,95,100Edentata,185Edentulous beak,153Eichstädt,32Elephant, head of,46Enumeration of characters,223,225Ephesus, winged figure,16Epiphysis to first phalange,123Exocœtus,18Extinctions,129Eye hole,144;sclerotic bones in,65FFarren, William,34Femur,100Fibula,102,183,206Fifth outer digit,132;in foot,145Figure from temple at Ephesus,16First phalange,151Fish-eating crocodile,137Flight, organs of,17;in bats,25Flying limb,38Flying fishes,18,57;foxes,26;frogs,19,197;gecko,21,24;lizards,20;reptiles,37,46;squirrel,24Foot,104;digits in,105,146Fore leg,102,206— limb,38,107,116,120Four claws,147Fox, Rev. W.,55,174Fraas, Professor Oscar,172,231Frigate bird, vertebræ of,86,174Frog, lungs of,8Furculum,114GGaudry, Professor A.,31Gavial,136Gecko,21,23Genera, comparison of,192Geological distribution,186Gills,4Giraffe,38,39Glossy starling,47Golden eagle,120— mole,121Goldfuss,30,231Granchester,177Great ant-eater,40,185Guillemot,102Gull,22HHaarlem, Teyler Museum at,32Habits, probable,134,176,198Hairless skins,141Hand in mammals,38Harston,177Haslingfield,177Hastings,174Hatteria lung,9,27;brain,53;skull,70,77;ribs,86;a reptile type,13Head, characters of,76Heidelberg Museum,32,54,159Herpetomorpha,191Heron,65,174Hesperornis,76Hind foot,104,135— limb,93,99,159,206Hip-girdle in whale tribe,39,159Homœosauria,191Horningsea,177Horse, metacarpus of,127;vertebræ of,79Humerus,46,117,217Huxley, Professor,31,89,154,188Hyo-mandibular arch,13Hypothesis of descent,226Hyrax,101IIchthyornis,76Ichthyosaurus,6,191Iguanodon,209;pelvis,206Ilium,93,95,96,98,204Instep,105,207Inherited characters,217Interclavicle,111Ischium,93,96,203,204Isle of Wight,174JJaw, in birds,12;in fishes,13;in mammals,12;in reptiles,13;in pterodactyles,63;suspension of,11,74,76— lower,75KKansas, Chalk of,72,103,115;University Museum of,181Kelheim,32Keuper,33Kimeridge Clay,132Kingfisher,63Kiwi,23LLabyrinthodontia,191Lachrymal bones,67Laramie rocks,34Largest ornithosaur,133Lateral vacuities in skull,147Lawrence in Kansas,181Lengths of bones,146Lepidosiren,17Lias,33Lithographic Slate,35,156Lizards,20,21,27,123Llama, neck of,79,83Loach, swim bladder of,52Lower jaw,12,74,76,149Lumbar vertebræ,89Lungs,47;in apteryx,48;
AAbdominal ribs,85,154Accumulation of characters,220Acetabulum,95Acquired characters,219Adjacent land,136Air cells,10,48Albatross,23,36,176Alligator, brain,53;pelvis,98American Greensand,185— ornithosaurs,87,126Amphibia,4,191Anabas,17Anacharis,227Anchisaurus,199Angle of lower jaw,75Ankle bones,103,195,207Anomodonts,192Ant-eater of Africa,142;India,40;South America,40,185Apteryx, lungs,48;pelvis,95Aquatic mammals,141Aramis, scapular arch,113Archæopteryx,58,76,104,130,197,211Aristosuchus,129,190,205,209Armadillo,40,141Articulation of the jaw,12,75Ashwell,177Atlantosaurus,202Atlas and axis,80,81Aves,190Avian characters,220,222BBackbone,78,84Banz,148Barbastelle,25Barrington,177Barton,177Bat,38,110,197;sternum of,107;metacarpus,128Bavaria,156,185Beak, horny,74,178Bear, skull of,12;femur,100Bel and the Dragon,15Belodon,202Bird,80,110,120— resemblances,63,65,71,95,102,108,113,119,120,211Bird-reptile,188Bird wing,128,130Birds in flight,22;with teeth,76Black-headed bunting,47Blainville, D. de,30,193Blood, temperature of,56Bohemia,34Bonaparte, Prince Charles,30Bones of birds, variation in,41— of reptiles, variation in,42— about the brain,69— in the back,84Bone texture,59,209Bonn Museum,32,85,156Brain and breathing organs,55Brain cavity, in birds and reptiles,52;in mammals,221,226;in Solenhofen pterodactyles,54,220Brazil,34Breathing organs,8Bridgewater Treatise,143British Museum,133,183Brixton, Isle of Wight,55,174Buckland, Dean,143,148,231Burrowing limb,38CCactus,227Calamospondylus,203Cambridge Greensand,33,89,176— Museum,177Camel,83Campylognathus,68,71,135;size of,149Canary,47Carnivorous dinosaurs,129Carpus,122Caudal fin,91,161— vertebræ,89,92,203Ceratodus,4,5,9,17Ceratosaurus,203,204Cervical rib,81Cetacea,40Cetiosaurus,198,203Chalinolobus,25Chalk, pterodactyles in,136;of Kansas,103,132Chameleon,17,51,70;scapula,112;sternum,107Chameleonoidea,191Cheek bones,178Chelonia,86,112,193Chesterton,177Chlamydosaurus,21Chrysochloris capensis,121Classification,192;on pelvis characters,195;of dinosaurs,198Clavicles,111,112Claw,105,116,183,208Cœlurus,203,209Coldham Common,177Collar bone,111Collini,27Comparison with dinosaurs,198;of pelvis,204,206;of skulls,192,199,201Cope, Professor,31,34Coracoid,109,112,113Cordylomorpha,191Cormorant,70,174;sternum,108Corpora quadrigemina,221Crisp, Dr., on pneumatic skeleton,47Crocodile, characters of,217;heart,56;lung,9;shoulder-girdle,111;skull,46;vertebræ,79Crocodilia,190Curlew,68Cuvier,1,27,28,54,76,77,130,231Cycnorhamphus,70,94,171,173,204Cycnorhamphus Fraasii,80,96,169—suevicus,169,170Cypselus,42DDacelo gigantea,63Darwin,3Davy, Dr. John,142Deuterosaurus,97Dicynodon,200Dicynodon lacerticeps,71Digits, of ostrich,23;of pterodactyle,128Digits with claws,130;foot bones in,105Dimorphodon,63,64,66,67,73,74,83,90,102,113,143,192,194,199,201,206Dinosauria,6,77,84,87,95,129,144,198,209Dinosaurs from Lias,135,192;from Elgin,201,207;Stuttgart,202;Trias dinosaurs,199,200Diopecephalus,168Diving birds,23,83,102Dolichosauria,191Dolphin,107Doratorhynchus,173Dorygnathus,74,148Dragons,3,15,17Drumstick bone,103,195Duck,22,83EEchidna,75,76,95,100Edentata,185Edentulous beak,153Eichstädt,32Elephant, head of,46Enumeration of characters,223,225Ephesus, winged figure,16Epiphysis to first phalange,123Exocœtus,18Extinctions,129Eye hole,144;sclerotic bones in,65FFarren, William,34Femur,100Fibula,102,183,206Fifth outer digit,132;in foot,145Figure from temple at Ephesus,16First phalange,151Fish-eating crocodile,137Flight, organs of,17;in bats,25Flying limb,38Flying fishes,18,57;foxes,26;frogs,19,197;gecko,21,24;lizards,20;reptiles,37,46;squirrel,24Foot,104;digits in,105,146Fore leg,102,206— limb,38,107,116,120Four claws,147Fox, Rev. W.,55,174Fraas, Professor Oscar,172,231Frigate bird, vertebræ of,86,174Frog, lungs of,8Furculum,114GGaudry, Professor A.,31Gavial,136Gecko,21,23Genera, comparison of,192Geological distribution,186Gills,4Giraffe,38,39Glossy starling,47Golden eagle,120— mole,121Goldfuss,30,231Granchester,177Great ant-eater,40,185Guillemot,102Gull,22HHaarlem, Teyler Museum at,32Habits, probable,134,176,198Hairless skins,141Hand in mammals,38Harston,177Haslingfield,177Hastings,174Hatteria lung,9,27;brain,53;skull,70,77;ribs,86;a reptile type,13Head, characters of,76Heidelberg Museum,32,54,159Herpetomorpha,191Heron,65,174Hesperornis,76Hind foot,104,135— limb,93,99,159,206Hip-girdle in whale tribe,39,159Homœosauria,191Horningsea,177Horse, metacarpus of,127;vertebræ of,79Humerus,46,117,217Huxley, Professor,31,89,154,188Hyo-mandibular arch,13Hypothesis of descent,226Hyrax,101IIchthyornis,76Ichthyosaurus,6,191Iguanodon,209;pelvis,206Ilium,93,95,96,98,204Instep,105,207Inherited characters,217Interclavicle,111Ischium,93,96,203,204Isle of Wight,174JJaw, in birds,12;in fishes,13;in mammals,12;in reptiles,13;in pterodactyles,63;suspension of,11,74,76— lower,75KKansas, Chalk of,72,103,115;University Museum of,181Kelheim,32Keuper,33Kimeridge Clay,132Kingfisher,63Kiwi,23LLabyrinthodontia,191Lachrymal bones,67Laramie rocks,34Largest ornithosaur,133Lateral vacuities in skull,147Lawrence in Kansas,181Lengths of bones,146Lepidosiren,17Lias,33Lithographic Slate,35,156Lizards,20,21,27,123Llama, neck of,79,83Loach, swim bladder of,52Lower jaw,12,74,76,149Lumbar vertebræ,89Lungs,47;in apteryx,48;