EXERCISE NUMBER 5.
Moldings and beads are sometimes used to ornament work, but the chief use of the bead is to conceal open joints by the shadow it casts. An example of this may be seen in beaded wainscoting or large surfaces that are finished with matched ceiling. If the boards were put together without a beaded edge, an unsightly crack would be the result from the shrinking and swelling of the material.
Moldings are so varied in form that it would be useless to try to describe them here. The molding shown in the drawing is given for practice in the use of the molding plane.
Fig. 78.
Fig. 78.
A rabbet is generally a square corner cut out of the edge of a piece so as to lap over, or to make a place for glass, etc., as in window sash, glass panel doors, and door frames. The rabbet plane (see Fig. 78) is so constructed that the iron comes out flush with both sides, so that it will cut out a sharp corner or interior angle.
To cut the rabbet, the iron combination plow, beading, and rabbeting plane may be used, an illustration of which is shown inFig. 79.
Fig. 79.
Fig. 79.
This tool can be set up as a rabbet plane or fillister, having a fence to guide it along the side and a shoe to stop its cutting when the desired depth is reached.
The plan and end elevation of this exercise is found inFig. 80. The bead plane,Fig. 81, that is used on the edge of the exercise is known as a single quirked bead, and has a fence or guide by which it is held in position while the bead is being stuck on the work.
Fig. 80.
Fig. 80.
The angle bead is made with the same plane, but the work must be turned in order to cut the quirk on the other side.
The center bead plane (see Fig. 82) is a double quirked bead plane, and requires a piece fastened on the work in order to guide it.
Fig. 81.Fig. 82.
Fig. 81.
Fig. 81.
Fig. 82.
Fig. 82.
The guide piece can be held in place by several methods; one method is to tack it on to the work, but this leaves the nail holes in the work. Another method is to make a piece as shown inFig. 83; if the work is long a thin strip with small blocks fastened on the ends,Fig. 84, and a wedge driven between one of the blocks and the work will hold it firmly in place.
Fig. 83.
Fig. 83.
Fig. 84.
Fig. 84.
After planing the piece to the desired dimensions we would advise the student to follow the following order of work:
First, cut the rabbet.
Second, stick the center bead and cluster of beads or reeding.
The reeding is done by first sticking one of the beads by means of the guide piece and then letting one of the quirks of the bead plane follow in the quirk of the bead already stuck.
Third, cut the edge and angle beads.
Fourth, stick the molding.
Fig. 85.
Fig. 85.
InFig. 85is shown the molding plane held in position for work. On the front end of the plane will be found a line, which must be kept vertical when the plane is at work. Finish the beads with sand paper in order to remove all roughness.
Bead and molding plane irons are ground on an emery wheel with a rounded edge.
The sharpening is done with a slip-stone. A slip-stone used for beads and molding planes is wedge-shaped in the cross section, with rounded edges (see Fig. 86).
Fig. 86.
Fig. 86.
Where sharp corners occur in molding plane irons, triangular and square slips are used.