LESSON XLIV.
A LIST OF THE VERBS OF THE STRONG CONJUGATION.
We learned in Lesson XLII. that regular verbs of the strong conjugation form their past tense by changing the vowel of the present, and their perfect participle by addingenornto the present.
Note.—Sometimesoneof these characteristics is wanting; as,chide,chid,chidden;sit,sat,sat.
Note.—Sometimesoneof these characteristics is wanting; as,chide,chid,chidden;sit,sat,sat.
[2]
Also like the weak conjugation.
A LIST OF DEFECTIVE VERBS OF THE WEAK CONJUGATION.
AUXILIARY VERBS.
We have learned in Lesson XL. that the verb has different forms of itself to express a difference between present and past time only, and when we wish to express that an act took place any other time, we use another verb to aid the principal verb.
State which of the italicized verbs in the following sentences is used independently, to express its own meaning, and which is used to aid another verb to express its meaning:—
A verb that is used to help to conjugate other verbs is called anauxiliary verb; as, Wehavefound your book.
The auxiliary verbs that aid in distinguishing the time of an action arehave,shall,will,doandbe.
THE FORMS OF THE VERBHAVE.
INDICATIVE MODE.
SUBJUNCTIVE MODE.
IMPERATIVE MODE.
Haveis used as an auxiliary with the perfect participle of a verb, to form the perfect tenses; as,
Present Perfect—I have written.Past Perfect—I had written.Future Perfect—I shall have written.Perfect Infinitives—(To) have written; having written.Perfect Participle—Having written.
Present Perfect—I have written.Past Perfect—I had written.Future Perfect—I shall have written.Perfect Infinitives—(To) have written; having written.Perfect Participle—Having written.
Present Perfect—I have written.Past Perfect—I had written.Future Perfect—I shall have written.Perfect Infinitives—(To) have written; having written.Perfect Participle—Having written.
Present Perfect—I have written.
Past Perfect—I had written.
Future Perfect—I shall have written.
Perfect Infinitives—(To) have written; having written.
Perfect Participle—Having written.
Whenhavedenotes possession it is an independent verb; as My friendshavea canary.
EXERCISE.
In which of the following sentences ishavean independent verb, and in which is it an auxiliary:—
LESSON XLVI.
THE FORMS OF THE VERBSSHALLANDWILL.
SHALL.
WILL.
The auxiliariesshallandwillare used with the infinitive to form the future tense of a verb. To denote simple futurityshallis used in the first person, andwillin the second and third persons; as, Ishall goto-morrow; Youwill goagain; Hewill gonext year.
To make a promise or to denote determination,willis used in the first person, andshallin the second and third persons; as, Iwill getit for you; Youshallnotgo; Heshall dothat work.
Shouldandwouldhave the same uses asshallandwill.
EXERCISE.
Tell howshallandwill. are used in the following sentences:—