1.Ben Jonson,Cynthia's Revels, Act i. Sc. I.
2.Ellis,Original Letters, 2nd Series, i. 110, note.
3.Ellis,Original Letters, 2nd Series, i. 110, note.
4.In c. 1498, 1515, and 1524.
5.Itineraries of William Wey.Printed for the Roxburghe Club from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library, 1857, pp. 153-154.
6.Familiarium Colloquiorum Opus.Basileæ, 1542.De utilitate colloquiorum, ad lectorem.
7.Ibid. De votis tentere susceptis, fol. 15.
8.Ibid. Ad lectorem.
9.Lord Campbell,Lives of the Lord Chancellors, i. 95.
10.G. Cavendish,Life of Wolsey. Kelmscott Press, 1893.
11.Opera (MDCCIII.), Tom. iii., Ep. xcii. (Annæ Bersalæ, Principi Verianæ).
12."Quid cælum, quos agros, quas bibliothecas, quas ambulationes, quam mellitas eruditorum hominum confabulationes, quot mundi lumina ... reliquerim." Ep. cxxxvi.
13.Ep. mclxxv.
14.Opera (MDCCIII.) Tom. ix. 1137.
15.Ep. ccclxiii.
16.Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., vol. iv., Part I., No. 4.
17.Richard Pace,De Fructu qui ex Doctrina Percipitur(1517), p. 27.
18.Ellis,Original Letters, 2nd Series, vol. i. 65. Archbishop Cranmer to Henry VIII.
19.Becatelli,Vita Reginaldi Poli.Latin version of Andreas Dudithius, Venetiis, 1558.
20.MS. Cotton, Nero, B. f. 118.
21.Ellis,Original Letters, 2nd Series, vol. i. 54.
22.Wood'sAthenæ Oxonienses, ed. Bliss.
23.Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., vol. ix., No. 101.
24.J.S. Brewer,Reign of Henry VIII., vol. i. 117-147.
25.Bapst, Edmond,Deux Gentilshommes-Poetes de la cour de Henry VIII., Paris, 1891, pp. 26, 60.
26.Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., vol. ii., Part I., No. 2149.
27.Ibid., vol. xi., No. 60; vol. xv., No. 581.
28.D. Lloyd,State Worthies, vol. i. 105.
29.Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., vol. v. p. 751.
30.Camden,History of England.
31.In theFirst Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge, 1547.
32.Hall'sLife of Henry VIII., ed. Whibley, 1904, vol. i. 175.
33.The Travels and Life of Sir Thomas Hoby, ed. Powell, 1902, pp. 18, 37.
34.Ascham'sWorks, ed. Giles, vol. i., Part II., p. 265.
35.I refer to the death of Bucer and P. Fagius. Strype (Life of Cranmer, p. 282) says that when they arrived in England in the month of April they "very soon fell sick: which gave a very unhappy stop to their studies. Fagius on the fifth of November came to Cambridge, and ten days afterwards died."
36.Taming of the Shrew, Act I. Sc. ii.
37.Coryat'sCrudities, ed. 1905, p. 17.
38.Ed. 1591, p. 91.
39.Works, ed. Grossart, ix. 139. In which the father of Philador, among many other admonitions, forestalls Sir Henry Wotton's famous advice to Milton on the traveller's need of holding his tongue: "Be, Philador, in secrecy like the Arabick-tree, that yields no gumme but in the darke night."
40.Jöcher,Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, and Zedler'sUniversal-Lexicon.
41.Clarendon Press ed. 1909, p. 29.
42.G. Gratarolus,De Regimine Iter Agentium, Some insight into the trials of travel in the sixteenth century may be gained by the sections on how to endure hunger and thirst, how to restore the appetite, make up lost sleep, ward off fever, avoid vermin, take care of sore feet, thaw frozen limbs, and so forth.
43.Methodus Apodemica, Basel, 1577, fol. B, verso.
44.Paul Hentzner, whose travels were reprinted by Horace Walpole, was a Hofmeister of this sort. The letter of dedication which he prefixed to hisItineraryin 1612 is a section, verbatim, of Pyrckmair'sDe Arte Apodemica.
45.De Arte Apodemica, Ingolstadii, 1577, fols. 5-6.
46.Hercules Prodicius, seu principis juventutis vita et peregrinatio, pp. 131-137
47.Jöcher,Gelebrten-Lexicon,under Zwinger.
48.Zwinger,Methodus Apodemica, fol. B, verso.
49.Ad. Ph. Lanoyum, fol. 106, inJusti Lipsii Epistole Selecta, Parisiis, 1610.
50.A Direction for Travailers, London, 1592.
51."Methodus describendi regiones, urbes, et arces, et quid singulis locis præcipue in peregrinationibus homines nobiles ac docti animadvertere observare et annotare debeant." Meier was a Danish geographer and historian, 1528-1603.
52.G. Loysii Curiovoitlandi Pervigilium Mercurii. Curiæ Variscorum, 1598. (Nos. 17, 20, 23, 27.)
53.Op. cit., No. 109.
54.Translated by Thomas Coryat in hisCrudities, 1611. He must have picked up the oration in his tour of Germany; but nothing which appears to be the original is given among the forty-six works of Hermann Kirchner, Professor of History and Poetry at Marburg, as cited by Jöcher, though the other "Oratio de Germaniæ perlustratione omnibus aliis peregrinationibus anteferenda," also translated by Coryat, is there listed.
55.Turler,The Traveiler, p. 12.
56.Kirchner in Coryat'sCrudities, vol. i. 131.
57.Turler, op. cit., p. 48.
58.Lipsius, Turler, Kirchner.
59.Turler,The Traveiler, p. 47.
60.Turler, op. cit., p. 107.
61.Methodus Apodemica, p. 26.
62.An Essay of the Meanes how to make our Travailes in forraine Countries the more profitable and honourable. London, 1606.
63.London, 1578.
64.Sidney, Letter to his brother, 1580.
65.Profitable Instructions. Written c. 1595. Printed 1633.
66.Profitable Instructions, 1595, Harl. MS. 6265, printed in Spedding'sLetters and Life of Bacon, vol. ii. p. 14. Spedding believes theseInstructionsto be by Bacon.
67.State Papers, Domestic Elizabeth, 1547-80, vol. lxxvii., No. 6.
68.Hist. MSS. Comm. 12th Report, App. IV., January 31, 1571.
69.Life, Written by Himself, Oxford, 1647.
70.Devereux,Lives and Letters of the Devereux, vol. ii. 233.
71.Birch,Life of Prince Henry of Wales, App. No. XII.
72.Life and Letters, by Pearsall Smith, vol. i. 246.
73.Op. cit.
74.Talbot, MSS. in the College of Arms, vol. P, fol. 571.
75.Davison's Poetical Rhapsody. I. Biographical Notice, p. xxiii.
76.Sloane MS.1813.
77.State Papers, Domestic, 1547-80, vols. xviii., No. 31; xix., No. 6-52passim; xx., No. 1-39passim.
78.Direction for Travailers.
79.Stowe'sAnnals, p. 600.
80.Works, ed. Giles, vol. i., Pt. ii., Epis. cxvi.
81.Op. cit.
82.Fox-Bourne'sLife of Sidney, p. 91.
83.Op. cit.
84.Thomae Erpenii,De Peregrinatione Gallica, 1631, pp. 6, 12.
85.Copy-Book of Sir Amias Poulet's Letters, Roxburghe Club, p. 89.
86.Letter-Book, p. 16.
87.Letter-Book, p. 89.
88.Poems of Thomas Carew, ed. W.C. Hazlitt, 1870. Pp. xxiii.-xxx.
89.T. Birch,Court and Times of James I., vol. i. p. 218.
The embarrassments of an ambassador under these circumstances are hardly exaggerated, perhaps, in Chapman's play,Monsieur D'Olive, where the fictitious statesman bursts into a protest:
"Heaven I beseech thee, what an abhominable sort of Followers have I put upon mee: ... I cannot looke into the Cittie, but one or other makes tender his good partes to me, either his Language, his Travaile, his Intelligence, or something: Gentlemen send me their younger Sonnes furnisht in compleat, to learn fashions, for-sooth: as if the riding of five hundred miles, and spending 1000 Crownes would make 'am wiser then God meant to make 'am.... Three hundred of these Gold-finches I have entertained for my Followers: I can go in no corner, but I meete with some of my Wifflers in there accoutrements; you may heare 'am halfe a mile ere they come at you, and smell 'am half an hour after they are past you: sixe or seaven make a perfect Morrice-daunce; they need no Bells, their Spurs serve their turne: I am ashamed to traine 'am abroade, theyle say I carrie a whole Forrest of Feathers with mee, and I should plod afore 'am in plaine stuffe, like a writing Schole-maister before his Boyes when they goe a feasting."
90.Strype,Life of Sir Thomas Smith, p. 119.
91.The Travels and Life of Sir Thomas Hoby, 1547-1564, ed. Powell, p. 27.
92.Spelman, W.,A Dialogue between Two Travellers, c. 1580, ed. by Pickering for the Roxburghe Club, 1896, p. 42.
93.Gratarolus,De Regimine iter agentium, 1561, p. 19.
94.Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, vol. i. p. 69.
95.Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 10th May 1909.
96.Florio,Second Frutes, p. 95.
97.Sloane MS., 1813, fol.7.
98.Article on the third Lord North in theDictionary of National Biography.
99.T. Wright,Queen Elizabeth, vol. i. p. 316.
100.Sir Thomas Overbury,An Affectate Traveller, inCharacters.
101.Dieppe.
102.Thomas Nash,Pierce Pennilesse, inWorks, ed. Grosart, vol. ii. 27.
103.Nash,The Unfortunate Traveller, inWorks, ed. Grosart, v. 145.
104.Roger Ascham,The Scholemaster, ed. Mayor, pp. 84-85.
105.William Harrison,A Description of England, ed. Withington, p. 8.
106.Ascham,op. cit., p. 86.
107.Robert Greene,Repentance, inWorks, ed. Grosart, xii. 172; John Marston,Certaine Satires, 1598; Satire II., p. 47.
108.Ascham, op. cit., p. 77.
109.James Howell,Letters, ed. Jacobs, p. 69.
110.William Thomas,The Historic of Italie, 1549, p. 2.
111.Travels and Life of Sir Thomas Hoby, Written by Himself, ed. Powell, p. 10.
112.William Thomas, op. cit. p. 2.
113.Fynes Moryson,An Itinerary, etc., Glasgow ed. 1907, i. 159.
114.Ibid.
115.Thomas Hoby, op. cit. pp. 14, 15.
116.William Thomas, op. cit. p. 85.
117.Robert Greene,All About Conny-Catching. Works, x. Foreword.
118.Epistola de PeregrinationeinDe Eruditione Comparanda, 1699, p. 588.
119.Turler,The Traveller, Preface, and pp. 65-67.
120.TheUnton Inventories, ed. by J.G. Nichols, p. xxxviii.
121.Sir Robert Dallington,State of Tuscany, 1605, p. 64.
122.Arthur Hall,Ten Books of Homer's Iliades, 1581, Epistle to Sir Thomas Cicill.
123.Nicholas Breton:A Floorish upon Fancie, ed. Grosart, p. 6.
124.Thomas Wright,Queen Elizabeth, ii. 205.
125."A letter sent by F.A. touching the proceedings in a private quarrel and unkindnesse, between Arthur Hall and Melchisedech Mallerie, Gentleman, to his very friend L.B. being in Italy." (Only fourteen copies of this escaped destruction by order of Parliament in 1580. One was reprinted in 1815 inMiscellanea Antiqua Anglicana, from which my quotations are taken.)
126.St Paul's Cathedral, the fashionable promenade.
127.Cooper'sAthenae Cantabrigienses, i. 381.
128.Life and Travels of Thomas Hoby, Written by Himself, p. 19, 20.
129.Bercher, Ded. to Queen Elizabeth, inThe Nobility of Women, 1559, ed. by W. Bond for the Roxburghe Club, 1904.
130.Ibid. Introduction by Bond, p. 36.
131.D.N.B.Article by Sir Sidney Lee.
132.Hist. MSS. Commission, 12th Report, App. Part IV. MSS. of the Duke of Rutland, p. 94.
133.Ibid.
134.E. Lodge,Illustrations of British History, ii. 100. (Gilbert Talbot to his father, the Earl of Shrewsbury.)
135.Hatfield MSS. (Calendar), ii. 83.
136.Ibid., ii. 129.
137.Ibid., ii. 114.
138.Hatfield MSS. (Calendar), ii. 129.
139.Ibid., p. 131.
140.Ibid., p. 144.
141.See "Sir Henry Sidney to his son Robert," 28th Oct. 1578, in Collin'sSidney Papers, i. 271.
142.InA Method for Travell, c. 1598, Fol. C.
143.John Stowe,Annales, ed. 1641, p. 868.
144.Ibid.
145.Gabriel Harvey,Letter-Book, Camden Society, New Series, No. xxxiii. p. 97.
146.Stowe,Annales, ed. 1641, p. 867.
147.Ibid., p. 869.
148.Harrison'sDescription of England, ed. Withington, p. 111.
149.T. Birch,Court and Times of James I., i. 191.
150.E. Lodge'sIllustrations of British History, ii. 228.
151.Harleian Miscellany, vol. v. pp. 400-401.
152.Leland, J.,De Scriptoribus Britannicis, vol. i. 482.
153.Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, 1562, Nos. 1069 and 1230.
154.E. Nares,Memoir of Lord Burghley, vol. iii. p. 513.
155.Lambeth MSS., No. 647, fol. iii. Printed in Spedding'sLetters and Life of Bacon, vol. i. p. 110.
156.Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1603-1610, p. 634.
157.Quoted inLife and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, ed. by L. Pearsall Smith, vol. ii. p. 462.
158.Fuller,The Church-History of Britain, ed. 1655, book x. p. 48. The alleged reason for Mole's imprisonment, Fuller says, was that he had translated Du Plessis Mornay, "his book on the Visibility of the Church, out of French into English; but besides, there were other contrivances therein, not so fit for a public relation" (supra, p. 49).
159.Fourth Baron Wentworth of Nettlestead and first Earl of Cleveland, 1591-1667, who became a Royalist general in the Civil War. At the time of Wotton's letter (1609) he was completing his education abroad after residence at Oxford. SeeDictionary of National Biography, which does not, however, mention his foreign tour.
160.He was at once "reconciled" to the Church of Rome, entered the Society of the Jesuits, and "died a most holy death," in 1626, while filling the office of Confessor of the English College at Rome. H. Foley,Records of Society of Jesus, vi. p. 257, cited inLife and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, i. p. 457, note.
161.Second Lord Harington of Exton, 1592-1614; the favourite friend and companion of Henry, Prince of Wales. A rare and godly young man. For an account of him, and for his letters from abroad, in French and Latin, to Prince Henry, see T. Birch'sLife of Prince Henry.
162."One Tovy, an 'aged man,' late master of the free school, Guildford."Dictionary of National Biography, article on Sir John Harington,supra.
163.Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, i. 456-7.
164.S.R. Gardiner,History of England, iii. 191.
165.H. Foley,Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus, London, 1882, Series ii. p. 253.
166.Ibid.
167.Foley, op. cit., p. 256. The facts are confirmed by the report of the English Ambassador at Valladolid, 17th July 1605, O.S., printed in theWinwood Memorials, vol. ii. p. 95.
168.Fynes Moryson,Itinerary, ed. 1907, vol. iii. pp. 390-1.
169.Such as Dr Thomas Case of St John's in Oxford, whom Fuller reports as "always a Romanist in his heart, but never expressing the same till his mortal sickness seized upon him" (Church History, book ix. p. 235).
170.Gardiner,History of England, vol. v. pp. 102-3. The same wavering between two Churches in the time of James I. is exemplified by "Edward Buggs, Esq., living in London, aged seventy, and a professed Protestant." He "was in his sicknesse seduced to the Romish Religion." Recovering, a dispute was held at his request between two Jesuits and two Protestant Divines, on the subject of the Visibility of the Church. "This conference did so satisfie Master Buggs, that renouncing his former wavering, he was confirmed in the Protestant truth" (Fuller,Church History, x. 102).
171.Winwood Memorials, vol. ii. 109.
172.The Earl of Nottingham, Ambassador Extraordinary in 1605.
173.Winwood Memorials, vol. ii. 76.
174.Winwood Memorials, vol. ii. 109.
175.Fynes Moryson,Itinerary, vol. i. p. 260.
176.Such was the case of Tobie Matthew, son of the Archbishop of York, converted during his travels in Italy. This witty and frivolous courtier came home and faced the uproar of his friends, spent a whole plague-stricken summer in Fleet arguing with the Bishops sent to reclaim him, and then was banished. After ten years he reappeared at Court, as amusing as ever, the protégé of the Duke of Buckingham. But under the mask of frippery he worked unsleepingly to advance the Church of Rome, for he had secretly taken orders as a Jesuit Priest. SeeLife of Sir Tobie Matthew, by A.H. Mathew, London, 1907.
177.Davison'sPoetical Rhapsody, ed. Nicolas, 1826, vol. i. p. vi.
178.Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, vol. ii. 482.
179.Quo Vadis, A Just Censure of Travel, inWorks, Oxford, vol. ix. p. 560.
180.Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton, vol. i. 70, note.
181.A Method for Travell shewed by taking the view of France, As it stoode in the yeare of our Lord, 1598.
182.Wood records such a state of mind in John Nicolls, who, in 1577 left England, made a recantation of his heresy, and was "received into the holy Catholic Church." Returning to England he recanted his Roman Catholic opinions, and even wrote "His Pilgrimage, wherein is displayed the lives of the proud Popes, ambitious Cardinals, leacherous Bishops, fat bellied Monks, and hypocritical Jesuits" (1581). Notwithstanding which, he went beyond the seas again (to turn Mohometan, his enemies said), and under threats and imprisonment at Rouen, recanted all that he had formerly uttered against the Romanists.--Athenæ Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, i. p. 496.
183.Understood: "for in the pulpit, being eloquent, they," etc.
184.In volume iii. of hisItinerary(reprint by the University of Glasgow, 1908), preceded by anEssay of Travel in General, a panegyric in the style of Turler, Lipsius, etc., containing most points of previous essays in praise of travel, and some new ones. For instance, in his defence of travel, he must answer the objection that travellers run the risk of being perverted from the Church of England.
185.Itinerary, iii. 411.
186.Ibid., i. 304.
187.Ibid., i. 78-80.
188.Ibid., i. 399.
189.Ibid., iii. 389.
190.Itinerary, iii. 400.
191.Ibid., iii. 388.
192.Ibid., iii. 387.
193.Ibid., iii. 375.
194.Itinerary, iii. 411.
195.Ibid., iii. 413.
196.See Ben Jonson,Every Man out of his Humour, Act II. Sc. i.: "I do intend this year of jubilee coming on, to travel, and because I will not altogether go upon expense I am determined to put forth some five thousand pound, to be paid me five for one, upon the return of myself, my wife, and my dog from the Turk's court in Constantinople." Also the epigram of Sir John Davies inPoems, ed. Grosart, vol. ii. p. 40:
"Lycus, which lately is to Venice gone,Shall if he doe returne, gaine three for one."
197.Volpone: or the Fox, Act II. Sc. i.
198.Ibid., Act III. Sc. v.
199.The whole letter is printed in Pearsall Smith's Collection, vol. ii. p. 382.
200.Pearsall Smith's Collection, vol. ii. p. 364 (in another letter of advice on foreign travel).
201.Defensio secunda, inOpera Latina, Amstelodami, 1698, p. 96.
202.Quo Vadis?A Just Censure of Travel as it is undertaken by the Gentlemen of our Nation, London, 1617.
203.19th September 1614. Quoted in C. Dodd'sChurch History of England, ed. Tierney, vol. iv. Appendix, p. ccxli.
204.Master of Ceremonies to James I.
205.The Reformed Travailer, by W.H., 1616, fol. A 4, verso.
206.Charles II.
207.Ellis,Original Letters, 1st Series, iii. 288.
208.The Scholemaster, ed. Mayor, p. 53.
209.The Compleat Gentleman, 1634 (reprint 1906), p. 33.
210.Cited in G. D'Avenel,La Noblesse française sous Richelieu, p. 52.
211.Ibid., pp. 41-2.
212.Balade, "Les chevaliers ont honte d'étudier"(OEuvres Complètes, tome iii. p. 187).
213.De la Nouë,Discours Politiques et Militaires, 1587, p. 111.
214.De la Nouë,op. cit., pp. 118-22.Court and Times of Charles I., vol. ii. pp. 89, 187.
215.A Method for Travell. Shewed by taking the view of France. As it stood in the yeare of our Lord, 1598.
216.By James Howell.
217.Supra, note (1).
218.A Survey of the Great Dukes State of Tuscany. In the yeare of our Lord, 1596.
219.The View of France, fol. X.
220.The View of France, fol. H 4, verso.
221.William Thomas,The Pilgrim, 1546.
222.Survey of Tuscany, p. 34.
223.A Method for Travell, Fol. B 4, verso.
224.The first edition ofThe View of Frauncewas printed anonymously in 1604 by Symon Stafford: When Thomas Creede brought out another edition, apparently in 1606, Dallington inserted a preface "To All Gentlemen that have Travelled," andA Method for Travell, consisting of eight unpaged leaves, and a folded leaf containing a conspectus ofA Method for Travell.
225.As the use of Latin waned, a knowledge of modern languages became increasingly important. The attitude of continental gentlemen on this point is indicated by a Spanish Ambassador in 1613, to whom the Pope's Nuncio used a German Punctilio, of speaking Latin, for more dignity, to him and Italian to the Residents of Mantua and Urbino. The Ambassador answered in Italian, "and afterwards gave this reason for it: that it were as ill a Decorum for a Cavalier to speak Latin, as for a Priest to use any other Language." (Winwood Memorials, vol. iii. p. 446).
226.Fynes Moryson had a great deal to say on this subject. In particular, he instances the Germans as reprehensible in living only with their own countrymen in Italy, "never attaining the perfect use of any forreigne Language, be it never so easy. So as myselfe remember one of them, who being reprehended, that having been thirty yeeres in Italy hee could not speake the Language, he did merrily answer in Dutch: Ah lieber was kan man doch in dreissig Jahr lehrnen? Alas, good Sir, what can a man learne in thirty yeeres?" (Itinerary,vol. in. p. 379).
227.A Method for Travell, B 4, verso.
228.Court and Times of James I., vol. i. p. 286.
229.Amias Paulet to Elizabeth, Jan. 31, 1577. Cal. State Papers, Foreign.
230.By Cesare Nigri Milanese detto il trombone, "Famose e eccellente Professori di Ballare." Printed at Milan, 1604.
231.
"In twenty manere coude he trippe and danceAfter the schole of Oxenforde tho,And with his legges casten to and fro."
The Milleres Tale, 11. 142-4.
232.Ellis,Original Letters, 2nd Series, vol. iii. p. 214.
233.Ibid., 1st Series, vol. iii. pp. 138-9.
234.A Method jor Travell, fol. B 4, verso.
235.Historiettes, ed. Paris, 1834, tome 1er, p. 72.
236.So counted the Pope's Legate in 1596. Cited by Jusserand, inSports et Jeux D'Exercise dans L'ancienne France, p. 252.
237.A View of France, fol. V, verso.
238.Jusserand,op. cit., p. 241. Cited from Thomassin'sAncienne et nouvelle discipline de l'Eglise, 1725, tome iii. col. 1355.
239.The View of France, T 4, verso, V, verso.
240.Fol. C.
241.Every Man in his Humour, Act IV. Sc. v.
242.Touchant les Duels, ed. 1722, p. 79.
243."If in the Court they spie one in a sute of the last yeres making, they scoffingly say, 'Nous le cognoissons bien, il ne nous mordra pas, c'est un fruit suranne.' We know him well enough, he will not hurt us, hee's an Apple of the last yeere" (The View of France, fol. T 4).
244.Instructions for Forreine Travell, 1642.
245.Op. cit., pp. 65-70.
246.Ibid., pp. 181, 188.
247.Op. cit.,pp. 193-5.
248.Ibid., p. 51.
249."The Great Horse" is the term used of animals for war or tournaments, in contradistinction to Palfreys, Coursers, Nags, and other common horses. These animals of "prodigious weight" had to be taught to perform manoeuvres, and their riders, the art of managing them according to certain rules and principles. SeeA New Method ... to Dress Horses, by William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, London, 1667.
250.Histoire et Recherches des Antiquités de la Ville de Paris, par H. Sauval, Paris, 1724, tome ii. p. 498.
251.Les Antiquitez de la Ville de Paris. Paris 1640, Livre second, p. 403.
252.Probably the son of Sir John Puckering, Lord Keeper in 1592-1596.
253.Ellis,Original Letters, 2nd Series, vol. iii. pp. 220-1.
254.Archeologia, vol. xxxvi. pp. 343-4.
255.Collectania, First Series, ed. for the Oxford Historical Society (vol. v.) by C.R.L. Fletcher, p. 213.
256.SeeArcheologia, xxi. p. 506. Gilbert's and La Nouë's dreams were of academies like Vittorino da Feltre's--not Pluvinel's.
257.Oxford Historical Society, vol. v. p. 276.
258.Ibid., pp. 280-2.
259.The Interpreter of the Academic for Forrain Languages, and all Noble Sciences, and Exercises, London, 1648.
260.Evelyn's Diary, 9th August 1682.
261.Ibid., 18th December 1684.
262.Oxford Historical Society, vol. v. pp. 309-13.
263.Ibid., p. 319.
264.Le Maneige Royal, ou l'on peut remarquer le defaut et la perfection du chevalier, en tous les exercices de cet art, digne de Princes, fait et pratique en l'instruction du Roy par Antoine Pluvinel son Éscuyer principal, Conseiller en son Conseil d'Éstat, son Chambellan ordinaire, et Sous-Gouverneur de sa Majesté. Paris, 1624.
265.Opening words ofAn Apologie for Poetrie, ed. 1595.
266.Historiettes, vol. i. p. 89 of ed. 1834. Marguerite of Valois compared M. de Souvray, the governor of Louis XIII., to Chiron rearing Achilles. Contemporary satire said that M. de Souvray "n'avoit de Chiron que le train de derrière."
267.Henri Sauval,op. cit., p. 498.
268.A Dialogue concerning Education, inTracts, London, 1727, p. 297. We must allow for the fact that English university men did not approve of the French ambition to elevate the vernacular, or of their translation of the classics, or of any displacement of Latin from the highest place in the ambitions of anyone with pretentions to learning. See also Evelyn,State of France, p. 99.
269.Oxford Historical Society, vol. v. p. 325.
270.Written to John Aubrey, between 1685-93. Quoted inOxford Historical Society, vol. v. p. 295.
271.Ravaisson,Archives de la Bastille, Paris, 1866, tome i. p. 263; cited inSports et Jeux d'Exercice, p. 377.
272.Thomas Carte,Life of James, Duke of Ormond, vol. iii. p. 635.
273.Addit. MS. 19253 (British Museum).
274.Memoires du Comte de Grammont, Strawberry Hill, 1772.
275.InThe Compleat Gentleman, 1622.
276.Nicolaus Clenardus Latomo Suo S.D.,Epistole, Antverpiæ, 1566, pp. 20-4,passim. See p. 234 for the historic incident of the drinking cup, broken by Vasæus, and so impossible to replace, after a search through the whole Spanish village, that the rest of the party were obliged to drink out of their hands. As to expenses, Clenardus scoffs at the poets who sing of "Auriferum Tagum." "Aurum auferendum" would better express it, he found.
277.Ellis,Original Letters, 2nd Series, vol. ii. p. 38.
278.Ibid.
279.James Howell,A Discours or Dialog, containing a Perambulation of Spain and Portugall which may serve for a direction how to travell through both Countreys, London, 1662.
280.Relation du Voyage d'Espagne, a la Haye, 1691 (translated in 1692 under the title of "The Ingenious and Diverting Letters of the Lady ---- Travels into Spain").
281.Comtesse d'Aunoy,op. cit., p. 99.
282.Reprinted inThe Life of Sir Tobie Matthew, by A.H. Mathew, p. 115.
283.By James Howell, 1662.
284.Howell'sLetters, ed. Jacobs, p. 168.
285.Winwood Memorials, vol. iii. p. 264.
286.Tracts: (A Dialogue concerning Education), 1727, p. 340.
287.The Perambulation of Spain, p. 29.
288.SeeLes Delices de la Hollande, Amsterdam, 1700, pp. 9, 25; Sir William Brereton, Bart.,Travels in Holland, the United Provinces, England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1634-1635, ed. Hawkins, for the Chatham Society, 1844; William Carr, Gentleman,The Traveller's Guide and Historian's Faithful Companion, London, 1690.
289.William Seward,Anecdotes of Some Distinguished Persons, London, 1796, vol. ii. p. 168.
290.Lord King,The Life and Letters of John Locke, with Extracts from his Journals and Common-place Books, London, 1858, vol. ii. pp. 5, 50, 71.
291.The Harleian Miscellany, vol. ii. p. 592.
292.Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands, London, 1693, p. 188.
293.Coriat Junior,Another Traveller, London, 1767, p. 152.
294.John Evelyn,Diary and Correspondence, ed. Bray, London, 1906, p. 38.
295.Ibid., p. 29. Also John Raymond,Il Mercurio Italico, London, 1648, p. 95.
296.Coriat Junior,op. cit., p. 152.
297.R. Poole, Doctor of Physick,A Journey from London to France and Holland; or, the Traveller's Useful Vade Mecum, London, 1746.
298.Sir Thomas Browne,Works, ed. Wilkin, vol. i. p. 91.
299.Martin Lister's Travels in France, in John Pinkerton's Collection of Voyages and Travels, 1809, vol. iv. pp. 2, 21.
300.Nicholas Ferrar, Two Lives, by his brother John and by Doctor Jebb, ed. J.E.B. Mayor, London, 1855.
301.State of France, 1652, pp. 78, 105.A Character of England, 1659, pp. 45, 49.
302.Advice to a Young Gentleman Leaving the University, by R.(ichard) L.(assels), 1670.
303.Sir Thomas Browne,Works, ed. by Wilkin, vol. i. pp. 3-14,passim.
304.Advice to a Son, ed. 1896, p. 63.
305.Life of William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, ed. Firth, 1886, p. 309.
306.Prefatory Letter,The State of France, 1652, fol. B.
307.Ibid., fol. B 3.
308.The Voyage of Italy, Paris, 1670.A Preface to the Reader concerning Travelling.
309.Winwood Memorials, vol. iii. 312.
310.Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, 1561-2, pp. 632, 635.
311.Davison's Poetical Rhapsody, ed. Nicolas, vol. i. p. xi.