Aqua Menthae Viridis (Aq. Menth. Vir.), Spearmint Water, U.S.P.—A solution of oil of spearmint in water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Spiritus Menthae Viridis (Sp. Menth. Vir.), Spirit of Spearmint, U.S.P.—Oil of spearmint (10%), colored withspearmint, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
*Oleum Morrhuae (Ol. Morrh.), Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P.(Oleum Jecoris Aselli).—A fixed oil.
Action and Uses: Generally considered to be a food rather than a medicine. Its value depends probably entirely on its nutritive property. Preferably administered as such or in the form of recently prepared emulsions.
Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae (Emuls. Ol. Morrh.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P.—Cod liver oil (50%) with acacia, syrup, methyl salicylate and water. Other flavors may be substituted for the methyl salicylate.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Lactophosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Lactophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), calcium lactophosphate (5%), lactic acid, acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Phosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Phos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Phosphate, N.F.(Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate of Lime).—Cod liver oil (50%), precipitated calcium phosphate (3.5%), syrup of Tolu, acacia and water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Hypophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Hypophosphites, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), calcium hypophosphite (1%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 0.5%), acacia, syrup and water.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Malto (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Malt.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Malt, N.F.—Cod liver oil (30%), extract of malt (about 55%), tragacanth and water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Pruno Virginiana (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Prun. Virg.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Wild Cherry, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), fluidextract of wild cherry (6.5%), acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Vitello (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Vitel.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Egg, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), glycerite of yolk of egg, syrup of Tolu and water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Oleum Myrciae (Ol. Myrc.), Oil of Myrcia, N.F.(Oil of Bay).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Aromatizing agent used in bay-rum.
Spiritus Myrciae Compositus (Sp. Myrciae Co.), Compound Spirit of Myrcia, N.F.—Oils of myrcia, orange, pimenta, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 58 per cent.
Uses: Perfume and stimulant to the skin.
Oleum Myristicae (Ol. Myrist.), Oil of Myristica, U.S.P.(Myristica Oil, Oil of Nutmeg).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Aromatic flavor and carminative.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
Oleum Olivae (Ol. Oliv.), Olive Oil, U.S.P.—A fixed oil.
Action and Uses: Emollient, laxative and nutrient.
Dosage: 30 Cc. or 1 fluidounce (U.S.P.).
Oleum Picis Liquidae Rectificatum (Ol. Pic. Liq. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Tar, U.S.P.(Oleum Picis Liquidae, U.S.P. VIII, Rectified Tar Oil).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Externally antiseptic, irritant and parasiticide; used in skin diseases.
Dosage: Internally, 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
Mistura Olei Picis (Mist. Ol. Pic.), Mixture of Oil of Tar, N.F.(Mistura Picis Liquidae, Tar Mixture).—Rectified oil of tar (3.5%) and chloroform (1%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, sugar and oil of peppermint in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per cent.
Uses: Complex, disagreeable expectorant.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Petroxolinum Picis (Petrox. Pic.), Tar Petroxolin, N.F.(Tar Petrox).—Rectified oil of tar (25%) in liquid petroxolin.
Unguentum Picis Compositum (Ung. Pic. Co.), Compound Tar Ointment, N.F.—Rectified oil of tar (4%), zinc oxide (3%), and tincture of benzoin in yellow wax, lard and cottonseed oil.
Oleum Pimentae (Ol. Piment.), Oil of Pimenta, U.S.P.(Pimento Oil, Oil of Allspice).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Flavoring agent and carminative.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
Oleum Pini Pumilionis (Ol. Pin. Pumil.), Oil of Dwarf Pine Needles, U.S.P.(Dwarf Pine Oil).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: More aromatic than oil of turpentine, and used as an inhalation in catarrh of the respiratory passages.
*Oleum Ricini (Ol. Ricin.), Castor Oil, U.S.P.—A fixed oil.
Soluble in equal parts of alcohol.
Action and Uses: Effective and prompt cathartic, but likely to be followed by constipation and therefore not indicated in chronic constipation. Useful as an initial purge in acute diarrheas.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Emulsum Olei Ricini (Emul. Ol. Ricin.), Emulsion of Castor Oil, N.F.—Castor oil (35%), with acacia, flavored with tincture of vanilla, in syrup and water.
Uses: Renders castor oil somewhat less disagreeable.
Dosage: 45 Cc. or 1-1/2 fluidounces (N.F.).
Oleum Ricini Aromaticum (Ol. Ricin. Arom.), Aromatic Castor Oil, N.F.—Castor oil flavored with benzosulphinide, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove, vanillin and coumarin.
Uses: A partly successful attempt to render castor oil less disagreeable.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Oleum Rosmarini (Ol. Rosmar.), Oil of Rosemary, U.S.P.(Rosemary Oil).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Aromatic flavor and carminative.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
*Oleum Santali (Ol. Santal.), Oil of Santal, U.S.P.(Santalwood Oil, Oil of Sandalwood).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Urinary disinfectant and stimulant. Used in subacute stages of cystitis and gonorrhea.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), preferably in capsules.
Oleum Sassafras (Ol. Sassaf.), Oil of Sassafras, U.S.P.(Sassafras Oil).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Flavor; used externally as rubefacient counterirritant.
Oleum Sesami (Ol. Sesam.), Sesame Oil, U.S.P.(Teel Oil, Benne Oil).—A fixed oil.
Action and Uses: Emollient, used as substitute for olive oil.
*Oleum Sinapis Volatile (Ol. Sinap. Vol.), Volatile Oil of Mustard, U.S.P.(Mustard Oil).—Produced synthetically or from black mustard seed.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Powerful irritant and rapid vesicant; employed as counterirritant dissolved in alcohol or fixed oils.
Linimentum Sinapis Compositum (Lin. Sinap. Co.), Compound Liniment of Mustard, N.F.—Volatile oil of mustard (3%), fluidextract of mezereum (20%) and camphor (6%) in castor oil and alcohol.
Uses: Complex and antiquated counterirritant.
Spiritus Sinapis (Sp. Sinap.), Spirit of Mustard, N.F.—Volatile oil of mustard (2%) in alcohol.
Uses: Rubefacient.
*Oleum Terebinthinae (Ol. Tereb.), Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P.(Turpentine Oil, “Spirits of Turpentine”).—A volatile oil obtained from the oleoresin of pine wood (turpentine).
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Applied externally, rubefacient and counterirritant. For internal use, see Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum, below.
Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum (Ol. Tereb. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P.(Rectified Turpentine Oil).—Redistilled oil of turpentine.
Uses: Antiseptic, anthelmintic, diuretic and carminative. Used to relieve tympanites.
Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).
Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae (Emuls. Ol. Tereb.), Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P.—Rectified oil of turpentine (15%) with expressed oil of almond, syrup, acacia and water.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 1/2 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
Linimentum Terebinthinae (Lin. Terebinth.), Turpentine Liniment, U.S.P.(Kentish’s Ointment).—Rosin cerate (65%) in oil of turpentine.
Linimentum Terebinthinae Aceticum (Lin. Terebinth. Acet.), Acetic Turpentine Liniment, N.F.(Linimentum Album, Stokes’ Liniment, St. John Long’s Liniment).—Oil of turpentine (40%) and acetic acid (8%) with oil of lemon, fresh egg and rose water.
*Oleum Theobromatis (Ol. Theobrom.), Oil of Theobroma, U.S.P.(Butter of Cacao, Cacao Butter).—A solid fixed oil.
Melts at body temperature.
Action and Uses: Used principally in suppositories, etc.; sometimes in emollient ointments and as a lubricant in massage.
Oleum Thymi (Ol. Thymi), Oil of Thyme, U.S.P.(Thyme Oil).—A volatile oil.
Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Rubefacient and counterirritant; usually applied as a liniment, diluted with a fixed oil or the well-known soap liniment. Internally, carminative but now seldom used.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
*Oleum Tiglii (Ol. Tiglii), Croton Oil, U.S.P.—A fixed oil.
Action and Uses: Very powerful cathartic and gastric and intestinal irritant, frequently causing violent vomiting and purging, sometimes followed by collapse. Externally, rubefacient and vesicant.
Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.). Preferably administered in drop doses on sugar or in a pill with bread or other absorbent.
Collodium Tiglii (Collod. Tiglii), Croton Oil Collodion, N.F.—Croton oil (10%) and flexible collodion.
Uses: There is no advantage in applying croton oil with collodion.
Linimentum Tiglii (Lin. Tiglii), Liniment of Croton Oil, N.F.(Linimentum Crotonis).—Croton oil (13%), oil of cajuput, and alcohol.
Linimentum Tiglii Compositum (Lin. Tiglii Co.), Compound Croton Oil Liniment, N.F.—Croton oil, oil of sassafras and oil of turpentine (each 20%) and olive oil.
*Opium (Opium), Opium, U.S.P.—The dried juice of the opium poppy. Yields not less than 9.5 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.
Action and Uses: Like those of morphine, but opium is absorbed more slowly, and is generally preferred in the treatment of the gastro-intestinal tract, especially for the purpose of checking diarrhea. It is ineffective for external or local application, because the opium alkaloids are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through the unbroken skin.
The routine use of complicated mixtures containing opiates deserves condemnation, since opium should not be prescribed unless it is adapted to the conditions of the individual patient.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Acetum Opii (Acet. Opii), Vinegar of Opium, N.F.—Opium (10%) in diluted acetic acid, flavored with nutmeg and sugar.
Uses: An obsolete and superfluous preparation.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
*Extractum Opii (Ext. Opii), Extract of Opium, U.S.P.(Powdered Extract of Opium, Opii Extractum, P.I.).—One Gm. extract represents about 2 Gm. opium. Yields about 20 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.
Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
Linimentum Opii Compositum (Lin. Opii Co.), Compound Liniment of Opium, N.F.(Canada Liniment).—Tincture of opium (10%), camphor (1.75%), oil of peppermint (2.5%) in alcohol, fresh egg albumen, ammonia water and oil of turpentine. Absolute alcohol content about 28 per cent.
Uses: Irrational opium preparation.
Mistura Camphorae Acida (Mist. Camph. Acid.), Acid Camphor Mixture, N.F.(Mistura Antidysenterica, Hope’s Mixture).—Tincture of opium (1.2%) and nitric acid (1.75%) in camphor water.
Uses: Against diarrhea.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Mistura Carminativa (Mist. Carminat.), Carminative Mixture, N.F.(Dalby’s Carminative).—Tincture of opium (2.5%), magnesium carbonate (6.5%), potassium carbonate (0.3%), with oils of caraway, fennel and peppermint in syrup and water.
Uses: Against colic.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita (Mist. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Mixture of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.(Brown Mixture).—Camphorated tincture of opium (12%), antimony and potassium tartrate (0.024%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, syrup, acacia and spirit of nitrous ether in water. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.
Uses: A misnamed but popular expectorant, efficient mainly through its opium and antimony.
Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Mistura Opii et Chloroformi Composita (Mist. Opii et Chlorof. Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Chloroform, N.F.(Squibb’s Diarrhea Mixture).—Tincture of opium (20%), spirit of camphor (20%), tincture of capsicum (10%), chloroform (8%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.
Uses: Against diarrhea.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Mistura Opii et Rhei Composita (Mist. Opii et Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Rhubarb, N.F.(Sun Cholera Mixture).—Tincture of opium (20%), tincture of rhubarb (10%), tincture of capsicum (10%), spirit of camphor (20%), spirit of peppermint and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 78 per cent.
Uses: Against diarrhea.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Mistura Opii et Sassafras (Mist. Opii et Sassaf.), Mixture of Opium and Sassafras, N.F.(Mistura Sassafras et Opii, N.F. III, Mistura Opii Alkalina, Godfrey’s Cordial).—Tincture of opium (3.5%) and oil of sassafras (0.1%) with alcohol and potassium carbonate in syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6.5 per cent.
Uses: Sedative.
Dosage: Infants, 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).
*Opii Pulvis (Opii Pulv.), Powdered Opium, U.S.P.(Opii Pulvis, P.I.).—Contains about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Opium Deodoratum (Opium Deod.), Deodorized Opium, U.S.P.—Opium extracted with benzin. Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Opium Granulatum (Opium Gran.), Granulated Opium, U.S.P.—Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Pilulae Opii, Digitalis et Quininae (Pil. Opii Digit. et Quin.), Pills of Opium, Digitalis and Quinine, N.F.(Niemeyer Pills for Phthisis).—Each pill contains powdered opium (0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain), digitalis and quinine sulphate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
Pilulae Opii et Camphorae (Pil. Opii et Camph.), Pills of Opium and Camphor, N.F.—Each pill contains powdered opium (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and camphor (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with clarified honey.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
Pilulae Opii et Plumbi (Pil. Opii et Plumb.), Pills of Opium and Lead, N.F.—Each pill contains powdered opium and lead acetate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.
Uses: Constipative. The internal use of lead is rarely advisable.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
Pulvis Cretae et Opii Aromaticus (Pulv. Cret. et Opii Arom.), Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium, N.F.—Powdered opium (2.5%) and aromatic powder of chalk.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
*Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Pulv. Ipecac. et Opii), Powder of Ipecac and Opium, U.S.P.(Compound Powder of Ipecac, Dover’s Powder, Opii et Ipecacuanhae Pulvis Compositus, P.I.).—Powdered opium and ipecac (each 10%) with sugar of milk.
Uses: Especially as diaphoretic in incipient colds.
Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Syr. Ipecac. et Opii), Syrup of Ipecac and Opium, N.F.(Syrup of Dover’s Powder).—Tincture of ipecac and opium (8.5%) flavored with spirit of cinnamon and cinnamon water in syrup.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Tr. Ipecac. et Opii), Tincture of Ipecac and Opium, N.F.(Tincture of Dover’s Powder).—Tincture of deodorized opium (100%) and fluidextract of ipecac (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
*Tinctura Opii (Tr. Opii), Tincture of Opium, U.S.P.(Laudanum, Opii Tinctura, P.I.).—Granulated opium (10%) yielding about 1 per cent. of anhydrous morphine in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims.
*Tinctura Opii Camphorata (Tr. Opii Camph.), Camphorated Tincture of Opium, U.S.P.(Paregoric, Opii Tinctura Benzoici P.I.).—Powdered opium and camphor (each 0.4%), benzoic acid, oil of anise and glycerin in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Opii Crocata (Tr. Opii Crocat.), Tincture of Opium with Saffron, N.F.(Sydenham’s Laudanum, Tinctura Opii Crocata, P.I.).—Granulated opium (10%) with saffron, Saigon cinnamon and clove in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.
Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
*Tinctura Opii Deodorati (Tr. Opii Deod.), Tincture of Deodorized Opium, U.S.P.—Opium (10%, a purified or deodorized aqueous extract yielding about 1% anhydrous morphine), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Pectoralis (Tr. Pectoral.), Pectoral Tincture, N.F.(Guttae Pectorales, Pectoral Drops, Bateman’s Pectoral Drops).—Opium (0.4%), gambir (about 0.3%), camphor (0.4%), with oil of anise and caramel in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.
Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
Ovi Albumen Recens (Ovi Album.), Fresh Egg Albumen, N.F.
Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy.
Ovi Vitellum Recens (Ovi Vitel.), Fresh Egg Yolk, N.F.
Action and Uses: Emulsifying agent.
Glyceritum Vitelli (Glycer. Vitell.), Glycerite of Egg Yolk, N.F.(Glyconin).—Fresh yolk of egg and glycerin.
Ovum Gallinaceum (Ovum Gallin.), Fresh Egg, N.F.
Action and Uses: Used in pharmaceutical preparations.
*Oxygenium (Oxygen.), Oxygen, U.S.P.
Action and Uses: Inhaled for relief of asphyxia, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.
*Pancreatinum (Pancreat.), Pancreatin, U.S.P.—Contains enzymes from the pancreas of the hog or beef, principally amylopsin, trypsin and steapsin. Converts not less than 25 per cent. of its own weight of starch into sugars.
A cream-colored powder with a faint odor.
Action and Uses: Chiefly for the predigestion of protein and starchy foods. Incompatible with acids and is therefore destroyed by the action of normal gastric juice. Occasionally used to assist gastric digestion in achlorhydria but the administration of dilute hydrochloric acid seems preferable. When the pancreatic juice is absent pancreatin may be given in salol-coated pills.
Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
Liquor Pancreatini (Liq. Pancreat.), Solution of Pancreatin, N.F.(Liquor Pancreaticus, N.F. III, Pancreatic Solution).—Pancreatin (1.75%), sodium bicarbonate (5%), with compound spirit of cardamom, sodium chloride and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Pulvis Pancreatini Compositus (Pulv. Pancreat. Co.), Compound Pancreatin Powder, N.F.(Pulvis Pancreaticus Compositus, N.F. III, Peptonizing Powder).—Pancreatin (20%) and sodium bicarbonate.
Uses: Predigestion of milk.
Papaveris Fructus (Papav. Fruct.), Poppy Capsules, N.F.—Fully grown unripe poppy heads.
Action and Uses: Weak and unreliable opiate.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Syrupus Papaveris (Syr. Papaver.), Syrup of Poppy, N.F.—Poppy capsules (10%) in syrup.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Paracoto (Paracot.), Paracoto, N.F.—Bark of an unidentified tree.
Action and Uses: At one time used in diarrhea. The identity of the drug is uncertain and there is no scientific evidence for its value; hence it is now little used.
Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Paracoto (Fldext. Paracot.), Fluidextract of Paracoto, N.F.(Fluidextractum Coto, N.F. III).—Paracoto (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.
Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).
Tinctura Paracoto (Tr. Paracoto), Tincture of Paracoto, N.F.(Tinctura Coto, N.F. III).—Paracoto (12.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
Uses: Antidiarrheic, of doubtful efficacy.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
*Paraffinum (Paraff.), Paraffin, U.S.P.—A purified mixture of solid hydrocarbons, usually obtained from petroleum.
A white, waxy, odorless and tasteless solid, greasy to the touch, melting between 50 and 57 C.
Action and Uses: Used in surgery for prosthetic purposes and in pharmacy for raising the melting point of ointments and similar products.
Paraformaldehydum (Paraform.), Paraformaldehyde, U.S.P.(Paraform, Trioxymethylene).—A polymeric form of formaldehyde.
White friable masses or powder with a slight odor of formaldehyde. Soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol or ether.
Action and Uses: Employed in place of formaldehyde to disinfect rooms by vaporization in presence of moisture (to insure formation of formaldehyde). As it is active only if decomposed there may be some doubt as to its efficiency. Internally, it has been used as intestinal antiseptic, but is probably useless and may be harmful.
*Paraldehydum (Paraldehyd.), Paraldehyde, U.S.P.—A polymer of acetaldehyde.
A colorless liquid, having a strong, characteristic odor and an extremely unpleasant taste, and producing first a burning and then a cooling sensation in the mouth. Soluble in water (1:8), and miscible with alcohol or chloroform.
Action and Uses: Prompt and fairly active hypnotic and sedative devoid of serious side-effects.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.). Best administered with cracked ice or ice-cold liquids.
Pareira (Pareira), Pareira, N.F.(Pareira Brava).—Roots.
Action and Uses: Obsolete bitter tonic.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Pareirae (Fldext. Pareir.), Fluidextract of Pareira, N.F.—Pareira (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Passiflora (Passiflor.), Passion Flower, N.F.(Passion Vine).—Dried herbage.
Action and Uses: Exploited by manufacturers of proprietary remedies for the treatment of insomnia, but probably inert.
Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).
Tinctura Passiflorae (Tr. Passiflor.), Tincture of Passion Flower, N.F.—Passion flower (20%), in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.
Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
PASTAE DERMATOLOGICAE, DERMATOLOGIC PASTES.—Dermatologic pastes are medicaments for external use. They are ointment-like mixtures containing starch or dextrin with glycerin, soft soap, petrolatum or lard mixed with some active medicinal agent. For the official dermatologic pastes see under the names of the principal constituents.
*Pelletierinae Tannas (Pellet. Tann.), Pelletierine Tannate, U.S.P.—A mixture of alkaloids from pomegranate.
A light yellow, odorless powder with an astringent taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:240) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).
Action and Uses: Anthelmintic and teniafuge.
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.). May be administered suspended in water. Should be given on an empty stomach followed after one or two hours by brisk purging. Not more than 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains should be given.
Pepo (Pepo), Pepo, U.S.P.(Pumpkin Seed).
Action and Uses: Domestic anthelmintic; probably inefficient.
Dosage: 30 Gm. or 1 ounce (U.S.P.).
*Pepsinum (Pepsin.), Pepsin, U.S.P.—Contains a proteolytic ferment or enzyme from the stomach of the hog.
White or yellowish scales, grains, or powder, having a slightly acid or saline taste and no offensive odor. Soluble in water (1:50);nearly insoluble in alcohol. Digests 3000 times its own weight of coagulated egg albumen.
Action and Uses: Used to assist in the gastric digestion of proteins. Usually superfluous, since gastric juice generally contains sufficient pepsin to perform gastric digestion. The alcohol of the elixirs and wines may be distinctly harmful in gastric disorders, while the other ingredients of the many complex mixtures need be prescribed only when direct indications for them exist. Many of these mixtures are irrational.
Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Pepsin.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Pepsin, N.F.(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Pepsini, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal with Iron and Pepsin).—Glycerite of pepsin (20%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Elixir Pepsini (Elix. Pepsin.), Elixir of Pepsin, N.F.—Glycerite of pepsin (20%), glycerin (10%), hydrochloric acid (0.4%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae.—See underStrychnina.
Elixir Pepsini et Bismuthi (Elix. Pepsin. et Bism.), Elixir of Pepsin and Bismuth, N.F.—Pepsin (0.85%), glycerin (12.5%), glycerite of bismuth (12.5%) in water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
Uses: This preparation lacks the protective action of the basic bismuth salts.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Elixir Pepsini et Ferri (Elix. Pepsin. et Ferr.), Elixir of Pepsin and Iron, N.F.—Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (7.5%) and elixir of pepsin. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Elixir Pepsini et Rennini Compositum (Elix. Pepsin. et Rennin. Co.), Compound Elixir of Pepsin and Rennin, N.F.(Essentia Pepsini, N.F. III).—Pepsin (2.25%), rennin (1.65%), lactic acid, tincture of sweet orange peel, glycerin, alcohol, oil of myristica and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Glyceritum Pepsini (Glycer. Pepsin.), Glycerite of Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (8.5%), hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.
Dosage: 3 Cc. or 45 minims (N.F.).
Liquor Pepsini (Liq. Pepsin.), Solution of Pepsin, N.F.—Glycerite of pepsin (5%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Liquor Pepsini Antisepticus (Liq. Pepsin. Antisept.), Antiseptic Solution of Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (5%), menthol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, alcohol, glycerin and diluted hydrochloric acid in water. Absolute alcohol content about 1 per cent.
Uses: This solution appears misnamed, since its administration cannot render the stomach antiseptic.
Liquor Pepsini Aromaticus (Liq. Pepsin. Arom.), Aromatic Solution of Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (1.75%), oils of cinnamon, pimenta and clove, alcohol, hydrochloric acid and glycerin in water. Absolute alcohol content about 3 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Pepsinum Saccharatum (Pepsin. Sacchar.), Saccharated Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (10%) with sugar of milk.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Succus Citri et Pepsinum (Suc. Cit. et Pepsin.), Lime Juice and Pepsin, N.F.(Succus Limettae cum Pepsino, N.F. III).—Glycerite of pepsin (40%) and lime juice.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Vinum Pepsini (Vin. Pepsin.), Wine of Pepsin, N.F.(Pepsin Wine).—Glycerite of pepsin (20%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Persio (Persio), Cudbear, N.F.(Red Indigo).—A purplish-red powder prepared from lichens.
Action and Uses: Coloring agent.
Tinctura Persionis (Tr. Persion.), Tincture of Cudbear, N.F.—Cudbear in alcohol and water.
Uses: To impart a reddish color.
Tinctura Persionis Composita (Tr. Persion. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cudbear, N.F.—Cudbear and caramel in alcohol and water.
Uses: To impart a reddish-brown color.
*Petrolatum (Petrolat.), Petrolatum, U.S.P.(Petrolatum Ointment, Petroleum Jelly).—A purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons from crude petroleum.
An unctuous, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless semisolid. Insoluble in water and almost insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Protective to the skin and basis for ointments, etc.
Emulsum Petrolati (Emul. Petrolat.), Emulsion of Petrolatum, N.F.(Emulsum Petrolei, N.F. III).—Petrolatum (22.5%), expressed oil of almond and acacia in syrup and water flavored with tincture of lemon peel.
Uses: Emollient laxative.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Petrolatum Album (Petrolat. Alb.), White Petrolatum, U.S.P.(White Petroleum Jelly).—Petrolatum decolorized or nearly so.
Action and Uses: Same as those of petrolatum.
*Petrolatum Liquidum (Petrolat. Liq.), Liquid Petrolatum, U.S.P.(Liquid Paraffin, Mineral Oil).—A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. Official as Heavy Liquid Petrolatum and Light Liquid Petrolatum.
A colorless, transparent, oily, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless liquid. Insoluble in water or alcohol.
Action and Uses: Vehicle for medicinal agents to be applied externally or to the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Also given internally largely for its mechanical action in constipation. Is not absorbed by the intestine and has no nutritive properties.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Nebula Aromatica (Nebul. Arom.), Aromatic Oil Spray, N.F.(Aromatol).—Light liquid petrolatum aromatized with phenol, menthol, thymol, camphor, benzoic acid, eucalyptol, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove and methyl salicylate.
Uses: An aromatic spray.
Petroxolinum Liquidum (Petrox. Liq.), Liquid Petroxolin, N.F.(Petrolatum Saponatum Liquidum, N.F. III, Liquid Petrox).—Light liquid petrolatum and ammonium oleate, scented with oil of lavender and diluted with water and alcohol.
Uses: A soap-emulsion of petrolatum intended as vehicle for oily applications.
Petroxolinum Spissum (Petrox. Spiss.), Solid Petroxolin, N.F.(Petrolatum Saponatum Spissum, N.F. III, Solid Petrox).—An ointment composed of ammonium oleate, white wax, light liquid petrolatum and alcohol scented with oil of lavender.
Petroselini Radix (Petrosel. Rad.), Parsley Root, N.F.
Action and Uses: Obsolete carminative.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Petroselini Radicis (Fldext. Petrosel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Parsley Root, N.F.—Parsley root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Petroselinum (Petrosel.), Parsley Fruit, U.S.P.(Parsley Seed).
Action and Uses: See the oleoresin below.
Oleoresina Petroselini (Oleores. Petrosel.), Oleoresin of Parsley Fruit, U.S.P.(Liquid Apiol).
Uses: Advertised as an emmenagogue, but of doubtful value.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
PETROXOLINA, PETROXOLINS.—The petroxolins are solutions or suspensions of active medicaments in a mixture of ammonia soap and petrolatum or liquid petrolatum. Their advantage over other forms of external applications is doubtful. For official petroxolins see under the names of the principal ingredients.
*Phenol (Phenol), Phenol, U.S.P.(Carbolic Acid).—Hydroxybenzene obtained from coal-tar or made synthetically.
Colorless crystals or white crystalline masses, sometimes becoming reddish, with a characteristic odor. Soluble in water (1:15), and very soluble in alcohol, glycerin or the fixed or volatile oils.
Action and Uses: Standard antiseptic and germicide; also local anesthetic and caustic.
Aqua Phenolata (Aq. Phenol.), Phenolated Water, N.F.(Carbolic Acid Water).—Phenol (2%) in water.
Glyceritum Phenolis (Glycer. Phenol.), Glycerite of Phenol, U.S.P.(Glycerite of Carbolic Acid).—Liquefied phenol (20%) in glycerin.
Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).
Oleum Phenolatum (Ol. Phenol.), Phenolated Oil, N.F.(Oleum Carbolatum, N.F. III, Carbolized Oil).—Phenol (5%) in olive oil.
Uses: A mild local stimulant and anesthetic but practically not antiseptic.
Petroxolinum Phenolis (Petrox. Phenol.), Phenol Petroxolin, N.F.(Phenol Petrox).—Phenol (5%) in liquid petroxolin.
Petroxolinum Phenolis Camphoratum (Petrox. Phenol. Camph.), Camphorated Phenol Petroxolin, N.F.(Camphorated Phenol Petrox).—Phenol (12.5%) and camphor (37.5%) in liquid petroxolin.
*Phenol Liquefactum (Phenol Liq.), Liquefied Phenol, U.S.P.(Liquefied Carbolic Acid).—Phenol liquefied by water (about 10%).
A colorless liquid, which may become reddish.
Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).
Unguentum Phenolis (Ung. Phenol.), Ointment of Phenol, U.S.P.(Ointment of Carbolic Acid).—Liquefied phenol (2.25%) in ointment.
Phenol Iodatum (Phenol Iodat.), Iodized Phenol, N.F.(Acidum Carbolicum Iodatum, N.F. III).—Iodine (20%) and phenol (60%) in glycerin.
*Phenolphthaleinum (Phenolphthal.), Phenolphthalein, U.S.P.
White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:13).
Action and Uses: Mild but efficient cathartic. It may cause some irritation to the rectum and lower bowel and very large doses have produced alarming secondary symptoms.
Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).
Trochisci Phenolphthaleini (Troch. Phenolphthal.), Troches of Phenolphthalein, N.F.—Each troche contains phenolphthalein (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with acacia, sugar, vanillin and carmine.
Dosage: 1 troche.
*Phenylis Salicylas (Phenyl. Salicyl.), Phenyl Salicylate, U.S.P.(Salol).
White powder, with an aromatic odor and a slight, characteristic taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:6670); freely soluble in alcohol (1:6), and in fixed or volatile oils.
Action and Uses: Intestinal antiseptic, by the liberation of phenol and salicylic acid.
Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) best in powder; may be inclosed dry in capsules or cachets.
*Phosphorus (Phosphor.), Phosphorus, U.S.P.
Translucent, nearly colorless, waxy solid with a characteristic odor, becoming white, red or black on the surface on long keeping. Readily inflammable in air (preserved under water). Almost insoluble in water, to which phosphorus imparts its characteristic odor and taste; slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol (1:400) and soluble in chloroform (1:17).
Action and Uses: In rickets for stimulation of bone formation. Its use as “nerve-food” is irrational.
Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be administered in pills or as phosphorated oil (1:100). The preparations are unreliable unless they have been recently made, since phosphorus rapidly loses its efficiency through oxidation.
Elixir Phosphori (Elix. Phosphor.), Elixir of Phosphorus, N.F.—Phosphorus (0.025%) and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water flavored with compound spirit of orange and oil of anise. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent. Deteriorates rapidly.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Elixir Phosphori et Nucis Vomicae (Elix. Phosphor. et Nuc. Vom.), Elixir of Phosphorus and Nux Vomica, N.F.—Tincture of nux vomica (3.5%) and elixir of phosphorus. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent.
Uses: An irrational “tonic.”
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Liquor Phosphori (Liq. Phosphor.), Solution of Phosphorus, N.F.(Thompson’s Solution of Phosphorus).—Phosphorus (0.07%) in glycerin and dehydrated alcohol flavored with spirit of peppermint. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.
Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
Oleum Phosphoratum (Ol. Phosphorat.), Phosphorated Oil, N.F.—Phosphorus (1%), dissolved in ether and added to expressed oil of almond.
Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).
Pilulae Phosphori (Pil. Phosphor.), Pills of Phosphorus, U.S.P.—Each pill should contain phosphorus (0.6 mg. or 1/100 grain) coated with tolu.
Dosage: 1 pill (U.S.P.).
Physostigma (Physostig.), Physostigma, U.S.P.(Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean).—Yields not less than 0.15 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly physostigmine).
Action and Uses: Antitetanic, antineuralgic, peristaltic. SeePhysostigminae Salicylas, which has the same actionsand deserves preference because of its uniform composition.
Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.). Not used as such.
Extractum Physostigmatis (Ext. Physostig.), Extract of Physostigma, U.S.P.(Powdered Extract of Physostigma).—One Gm. extract represents about 13 Gm. of physostigma. Yields about 2 per cent. of alkaloids.
Dosage: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Physostigmatis (Tr. Physostig.), Tincture of Physostigma, U.S.P.(Tincture of Calabar Bean).—Physostigma (10%), yielding about 0.015 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
*Physostigminae Salicylas (Physostig. Salicyl.), Physostigmine Salicylate, U.S.P.(Eserine Salicylate).
Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless crystals. Soluble in water (1:75) and in alcohol (1:16).
Action and Uses: Stimulant of parasympathetic nerve endings. Used especially as a powerful miotic, particularly in glaucoma, sometimes internally against ileus or intestinal paresis.
Dosage: Internally, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.). Externally, solutions (should be freshly prepared) from 0.1 to 1 per cent.
Phytolacca (Phytolac.), Phytolacca, N.F.(Poke Root).
Action and Uses: Unreliable irritant, emetic, cathartic and “alterative.”
Dosage: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Phytolaccae (Fldext. Phytolac.), Fluidextract of Phytolacca, N.F.—Phytolacca (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: Emetic, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).
*Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum (Pilocarpin. Hydrochl.), Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.(Pilocarpine Chloride).
Colorless, odorless crystals with a faintly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).
Action and Uses: Used especially to increase sweat and other secretions, also as miotic. Must be used with caution when the circulation is weak.
Dosage: By mouth 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Best administered by hypodermic injection.
*Pilocarpinae Nitras (Pilocarpin. Nit.), Pilocarpine Nitrate, U.S.P.
Shining, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:4) and soluble in alcohol (1:75).
Action and Uses: Has no advantage over pilocarpine hydrochloride.
Dosage: By mouth, 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).
Pilocarpus (Pilocarp.), Pilocarpus, U.S.P.(Jaborandi).—Leaves, yielding 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly pilocarpine).
Action and Uses: See Pilocarpine.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.
Fluidextractum Pilocarpi (Fldext. Pilocarp.), Fluidextract of Pilocarpus, U.S.P.(Fluidextract of Jaborandi).—Pilocarpus (100%), yielding about 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
PILULAE, PILLS.—Pills are dosage forms of medicinal substances intended for administration by the mouth. For the official pills see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Pilulae ad Prandium see underAloe; for Pilulae Antidyspepticae, underStrychnina; for Pilulae Antimonii Compositae, underAntimonium Sulphuratum; for Pilulae Antiperiodicae and Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe, underQuininae Sulphas; for Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles and Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum, underColocynthis; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae, underFerri Sulphas; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae Strychninae et Arseni Fortiores and Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Mites, underFerri Reductum; for Pilulae Laxativae Compositae, underAloinum.
Pimenta (Piment.), Pimenta, N.F.(Pimento, Allspice).—Nearly ripe fruit.
Action and Uses: Aromatic; stomachic; has no advantage over cardamom.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Pimpinella (Pimpinell.), Pimpinella, N.F.(Pimpernel Root).—Rhizome and roots.
Action and Uses: Formerly used as a diuretic, diaphoretic and stomachic. Now obsolete; no definite indications for its use.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.
Tinctura Pimpinellae (Tr. Pimpinel.), Tincture of Pimpinella, N.F.—Pimpinella (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Pinus Alba (Pinus Alb.), White Pine Bark, N.F.—Inner bark.
Action and Uses: Used as “expectorant” in proprietary cough syrups. Of doubtful value.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.
Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus (Syr. Pin. Strob. Co.), Compound Syrup of White Pine, N.F.—White pine bark and wild cherry (each 8.5%), aralia (1%), balsam poplar buds (1%), sanguinaria (0.8%), sassafras (0.7%) and chloroform (0.6%) in glycerin, alcohol and syrup, colored with cudbear and flavored with oil of sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina.—See underMorphinae Sulphas.
Piper (Piper), Pepper, U.S.P.(Black Pepper).
Action and Uses: Sometimes used as carminative, generally in the form of the oleoresin, which is highly irritant.
Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
Oleoresina Piperis (Oleores. Piper.), Oleoresin of Pepper, U.S.P.
Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
*Pix Liquida (Pix Liq.), Tar, U.S.P.(Pine Tar).—Obtained by the destructive distillation of pine wood.
A semiliquid viscid blackish-brown substance, with an empyreumatic odor and taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol.
Action and Uses: Externally, as antiseptic and stimulant in chronic diseases of the skin associated with thickening and scaling. Internally, as irritant expectorant in subacute bronchitis.
Dosage: Internally, 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) as syrup. Externally, in ointment, at first from 2 to 4 per cent., later in higher strength.
Glyceritum Picis Liquidae (Glycer. Pic. Liq.), Glycerite of Tar, N.F.—Tar (6.3%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Liquor Picis Alkalinus (Liq. Pic. Alk.), Alkaline Solution of Tar, N.F.—Tar (25%), in potassium hydroxide (12.5%), and water.
Syrupus Picis Liquidae (Syr. Pic. Liq.), Syrup of Tar, U.S.P.—Tar (0.5%) in alcohol, mixed with syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
*Unguentum Picis Liquidae (Ung. Pic. Liq.), Tar Ointment, U.S.P.—Tar (50%), yellow wax and lard.
Vinum Picis (Vin. Pic.), Wine of Tar, N.F.—Tar (10%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Pix Lithanthracis (Pix Lith.), Coal Tar, N.F.(Pix Carbonis).—Obtained by the destructive distillation of coal.
Nearly black semisolid, with a characteristic naphthalene-like odor and a sharp, burning taste. Only slightly soluble in water; partially dissolved by alcohol.
Action and Uses: Antiseptic and irritant; used in skin diseases in the form of:
Liquor Picis Carbonis (Liq. Pic. Carbon.), Coal Tar Solution, N.F.—Coal tar (20%), quillaja and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.
*Plumbi Acetas (Plumb. Acet.), Lead Acetate, U.S.P.(Sugar of Lead).—Pb(CH3COO)2+ 3H2O.
Colorless, shining transparent crystals or heavy white crystalline masses, efflorescent, with a faint vinegar odor and a sweetish, astringent, afterward metallic taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:38).
Action and Uses: Seldom used internally for fear of lead poisoning. Externally, used as astringent lotion.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Lotio Plumbi et Opii (Lot. Plumb. et Opii), Lotion of Lead and Opium, N.F.(Lead and Opium Wash).—A mixture of lead acetate (1.75%) and tincture of opium (3.5%) in water.
Uses: A popular but irrational application, astringent and protective, but not a true anesthetic. The opium alkaloids are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through the unbroken skin.
Plumbi Carbonas (Plumb. Carb.), Lead Carbonate, N.F.(White Lead).—A mixture of lead carbonate and hydroxide.
Heavy, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in alcohol or water.
Action and Uses: External protective and astringent, without marked advantage over zinc oxide or the bismuth preparations, but involving some danger of lead poisoning.
Plumbi Iodidum (Plumb. Iod.), Lead Iodide, N.F.—PbI2.
Heavy, bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1,300), and in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Has been used externally in the form of an ointment for application to glandular enlargement and for chronic joint enlargement. Its use is irrational.
Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi (Ung. Plumb. Iod.), Ointment of Lead Iodide, N.F.—Lead iodide (10%), and benzoinated lard.
Plumbi Oxidum (Plumb. Oxid.), Lead Oxide, U.S.P.(Litharge).—PbO.
Heavy yellowish or reddish-yellow, odorless and tasteless powder or minute scales. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used to make pharmaceutical preparations.
Emplastrum Plumbi (Emp. Plumb.), Lead Plaster, U.S.P.(Diachylon Plaster).—Lead oleate obtained by heating a mixture of lead oxide, olive oil and lard.
Uses: Used in plaster masses and as a basis for diachylon ointment.
Unguentum Diachylon (Ung. Diachyl.), Diachylon Ointment, U.S.P.—Lead plaster (50%), oil of lavender and white petrolatum.
Plumbi Oxidum Rubrum (Plumb. Oxid. Rub.), Red Oxide of Lead, N.F.(Red Lead).—Chiefly Pb3O4.
Heavy, odorless, tasteless red powder. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Similar to those ofPlumbi Carbonas.
Plumbi Subacetas, Lead Subacetate.
Action and Uses: Astringent; used externally in the form of the following preparations:
Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis (Cerat. Plumb. Subacet.), Cerate of Lead Subacetate, N.F.(Goulard’s Cerate).—A mixture of solution of lead subacetate (20%), camphor (2%), wool fat, white wax, and white petrolatum.
*Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis (Liq. Plumb. Subacet.), Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P.(Goulard’s Extract).—Contains lead subacetate corresponding to about 18 per cent. of lead, Pb.
Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus (Liq. Plumb. Subacet. Dil.), Diluted Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P.(Lead Water).—Solution of lead subacetate (4%) with water.
*Podophyllum (Podoph.), Podophyllum, U.S.P.(Mandrake, May Apple Rhizome).—Yields not less than 3 per cent. of resin.
Action and Uses: See the resin, below.
Extractum Podophyllum (Ext. Podophyl.), Extract of Podophyllum, N.F.—A hydro-alcoholic extract.
Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Podophylli (Fldext. Podophyll.), Fluidextract of Podophyllum, U.S.P.—Podophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
*Resina Podophylli (Res. Podoph.), Resin of Podophyllum, U.S.P.(Podophyllin).—The resin from podophyllum.
Uses: Slow but effective and rather irritant cathartic.
Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).
Populi Gemmae (Pop. Gem.), Balsam Poplar Buds, N.F.(Balm of Gilead Buds).
Action and Uses: Similar to but without advantage over cubeb or turpentine. Used almost exclusively in proprietary medicines and imitations.
Potassae Chlorinata, Chlorinated Potassa.
Liquor Potassae Chlorinatae (Liq. Pot. Chlorinat.), Solution of Chlorinated Potassa, N.F.(Liquor Potassae Chlorate, Javelle Water).—Potassium carbonate (5.8%), chlorinated lime (8%) and water.
Action and Uses: Same as those of Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae, which see underSoda Chlorinata.