Potassa Sulphurata (Pot. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Potassa, U.S.P.(Liver of Sulphur).—Chiefly potassium polysulphides and potassium thiosulphate.
Irregular pieces, at first liver-brown, later greenish-yellow to gray, with a strong hydrogen sulphide odor and a bitter, acrid, alkaline taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves only the sulphides. Incompatible with acids and the salts of the heavy metals.
Action and Uses: Employed as a parasiticide and to stimulate and soften the skin in chronic cutaneous diseases.
*Potassii Acetas (Pot. Acet.), Potassium Acetate, U.S.P.—KCH3COO.
White, odorless or nearly odorless powder or crystalline masses with a warming, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.5) and in alcohol (1:2.9).
Action and Uses: Systemic alkali and diuretic, practically equivalent to sodium acetate. It can easily be administered in water and milk, so that there appears to be little excuse for the alcoholic elixirs.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Elixir Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Potassium Acetate, N.F.—Potassium acetate (8.5%), and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Elixir Potassii Acetatis et Juniperi (Elix. Pot. Acet. et Junip.), Elixir of Potassium Acetate and Juniper, N.F.—Potassium acetate (8.5%), fluidextract of juniper (12.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Potassii Arsenas, Potassium Arsenate.
Liquor Arsenicalis Clemens (Liq. Ars. Clemens), Clemens’ Solution of Arsenic, N.F.(Liquor Potassi Arsenatis et Bromidi, N.F. III, Solution of Potassium Arsenate and Bromides).—Contains potassium arsenate corresponding to about 1 per cent. of arsenic trioxide, As2O3.
Uses: A superfluous arsenic solution.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).
Potassii Arsenis, Potassium Arsenite.
*Liquor Potassii Arsenitis (Liq. Pot. Arsen.), Solution of Potassium Arsenite, U.S.P.(Fowler’s Solution, Liquor Arsenicalis, Liquor Arsenicalis Fowleri, P.I.).—Arsenic trioxide (1%) and potassium bicarbonate (2%) in compoundtincture of lavender and water. Contains potassium arsenite corresponding to 1 per cent. of As2O3.
Uses: The most frequently used inorganic arsenical preparation. It has an alkaline reaction and therefore tends to precipitate alkaloids.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
*Potassii Bicarbonas (Pot. Bicarb.), Potassium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.—KHCO3.
Colorless, transparent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a saline, slightly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and almost insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Mild alkali; similar to sodium bicarbonate, but without advantage over the latter.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Liquor Antisepticus Alkalinus (Liq. Antisept. Alk.), Alkaline Antiseptic Solution, N.F.—Potassium bicarbonate (3.2%), sodium borate (3.2%) and sodium benzoate (0.8%) with thymol, eucalyptol, oil of peppermint, methyl salicylate and cudbear in alcohol, glycerin and water.
Uses: Of slight value as antiseptic, but a pleasant cleansing gargle.
*Potassi Bitartras (Pot. Bitart.), Potassium Bitartrate, U.S.P.(Cream of Tartar).
Colorless, slightly opaque crystals or white, somewhat gritty powder, odorless and having an acidulous taste. Only slightly soluble in water (1:155) and very slightly soluble in alcohol (1:8,820).
Action and Uses: Diuretic and aperient. Frequently administered in combination with jalap as a hydragogue cathartic. SeePulvis Jalapae CompositusunderJalapa.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
*Potassii Bromidum (Pot. Brom.), Potassium Bromide, U.S.P.—KBr.
White crystals or granular powder, odorless and having a strongly saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5); slightly soluble in alcohol (1:250).
Action and Uses: Nerve sedative; diminishes reflex excitability and depresses the motor area of the cortex. Similar to sodium bromide, but more likely to disturb digestion.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.); preferably administered by itself in simple dilute solutions; increased if necessary. Long-continued administration should beinterrupted occasionally to prevent bromism and accumulation in the system.
Elixir Potassii Bromidi (Elix. Pot. Brom.), Elixir of Potassium Bromide, N.F.—Potassium bromide (17.5%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir; may be colored with compound tincture of cudbear. Absolute alcohol content about 7.5 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Sal Potassii Bromidi Effervescens (Sal Pot. Brom. Eff.), Effervescent Salt of Potassium Bromide, N.F.(Pulvis Potassii Bromidi Effervescens, N.F. III).—Potassium bromide (16.6%), sodium bicarbonate (53%), tartaric acid (20.4%) and citric acid, the last-named three yielding sodium citrate and sodium carbonate.
Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms.
Sal Potassii Bromidi Effervescens Compositus (Sal Pot. Brom. Eff. Co.), Compound Effervescent Salt of Potassium Bromide, N.F.(Pulvis Potassii Bromidi Effervescens cum Caffeina, N.F. III, Effervescent Potassium Bromide with Caffeine).—Caffeine (0.8%) and potassium bromide (8.3%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (58.7%), lithium carbonate (4.2%), tartaric acid (18%) and citric acid. (Yielding citrate and tartrate of lithium and sodium.)
Uses: “Headache” mixture; generally undesirable.
Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).
Syrupus Bromidorum (Syr. Bromidor.), Syrup of the Bromides, N.F.—Potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%), ammonium bromide (5%), calcium bromide (2.5%), lithium bromide (0.8%) flavored with tincture of vanilla and colored with compound tincture of cudbear in compound syrup of sarsaparilla and syrup.
Uses: It is very improbable that this complex mixture has any advantage over a simple bromide.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
*Potassii Carbonas (Pot. Carb.), Potassium Carbonate, U.S.P.—K2CO3. (A hydrated form is sold as salt of tartar).
White, odorless, deliquescent granular powder with a strongly alkaline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9), but insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Strongly alkaline and caustic; very dilute solutions sometimes used as antacid.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
*Potassii Chloras (Pot. Chloras), Potassium Chlorate, U.S.P.—KClO3.
Colorless, lustrous crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Soluble in water (1:11.5) and almost insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used as mouthwash and gargles in stomatitis, etc. Large doses are actively poisonous, causing disintegration of the blood corpuscles. Has been used in the form of gargle and troches for sore throat (swallowing the latter may be dangerous).
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
Trochisci Potassii Chloratis (Troch. Pot. Chlorat.), Troches of Potassium Chlorate, U.S.P.—Each troche contains potassium chlorate (0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains) with sugar and tragacanth.
Potassii Chloridum (Pot. Chlorid.), Potassium Chloride, N.F.—KCl.
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Has been recommended for use as table salt in place of sodium chloride, in cases in which the absorption of salt was thought to be undesirable. Its value is not established.
*Potassii Citras (Pot. Cit.), Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.
Transparent crystals or white, granular powder; odorless and having a cooling saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and almost insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Systemic alkali and diuretic like potassium acetate, but more laxative.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
*Potassii Citras Effervescens (Pot. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.—An effervescent mixture representing potassium citrate (20%), sodium citrate (27.55%) and sodium tartrate (38.7%).
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Liquor Potassii Citratis (Liq. Pot. Cit.), Solution of Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.—Potassium citrate (8%) in water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
*Potassii et Sodii Tartras (Pot. et Sod. Tart.), Potassium and Sodium Tartrate, U.S.P.(Rochelle Salt).
Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9).
Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, of relatively unobjectionable taste.
Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.) in water.
*Pulvis Effervescens Compositus (Pulv. Eff. Co.), Compound Effervescing Powder, U.S.P.(Seidlitz Powder).—The blue paper contains sodium bicarbonate (2.5 Gm.) and potassium and sodium tartrate (7.5 Gm.). The white paper contains tartaric acid (2.16 Gm.).
Dosage: 1 set of two powders (U.S.P.).
*Potassii Hydroxidum (Pot. Hydrox.), Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P.(Caustic Potash, Potassium Hydrate).—KOH (not less than 85%).
Dry white or nearly white, odorless, deliquescent, hard and brittle flakes, masses or sticks. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).
Action and Uses: Internally, an antacid, but objectionable for it is more irritant than the bicarbonate and without advantage over the latter. Externally, caustic and solvent, but too diffluent.
*Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi (Liq. Pot. Hydrox.), Solution of Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P.(Liquor Potassae, Solution of Potassa).—KOH (not less than 4.5%).
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Potassa cum Calce (Pot. c. Calc.), Potassa with Lime, N.F.—Potassium hydroxide (50%) and calcium oxide.
Uses: Caustic.
Potassii Hypophosphis (Pot. Hypophos.), Potassium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.—KH2PO2. (Caution should be observed in handling this product to avoid explosion.)
White, opaque deliquescent plates, crystalline masses or granular powder, odorless and having a pungent, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:9).
Action and Uses: Introduced in common with other hypophosphites as a cure for tuberculosis; since used as “nerve-foods.” There is no proof that the hypophosphites exert any physiologic effect, influence any pathologic process, or have any food value.
Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
*Potassii Iodidum (Pot. Iod.), Potassium Iodide, U.S.P.—KI.
Transparent, translucent or opaque crystals or white granular powder, with a pungent, saline, afterward bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and soluble in alcohol (1:22). Incompatible withmineral acids and oxidizing agents and should not be prescribed in solution with alkaloids or alkaloid-containing drugs.
Action and Uses: Saline expectorant, especially in asthma and chronic bronchitis; diuretic; antisyphilitic; “alterative” in rheumatic conditions, sclerosis, etc.
Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); best administered in simple solution and well diluted; in lues the dose should be gradually increased to the limit of tolerance.
Unguentum Potassii Iodidi (Ung. Pot. Iod.), Ointment of Potassium Iodide, N.F.—Potassium iodide (10%), sodium thiosulphate (1%), water and benzoinated lard.
Uses: An irrational method of administering potassium iodide, as none of the drug is absorbed through the skin.
Potassi Nitras (Pot. Nitras), Potassium Nitrate, U.S.P.(Saltpetre).—KNO3.
Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:620).
Action and Uses: Diuretic, irritant to kidneys and intestines; has largely gone out of use.
Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
Charta Potassii Nitratis (Chart. Pot. Nit.), Potassium Nitrate Paper, N.F.—Paper impregnated with potassium nitrate.
Uses: The smoke is inhaled in asthma, but is not very effective.
*Potassii Permanganas (Pot. Permang.), Potassium Permanganate, U.S.P.—KMnO4.
Slender, dark purple odorless crystals, with a taste (in solution) at first sweet, afterward disagreeable and astringent. Soluble in water (1:13.5), forming violet-red to rose-colored solutions which stain the fingers and clothes. Decomposed by alcohol and glycerin. Should not be brought into contact with organic or other readily oxidizable substances.
Action and Uses: Effective deodorant, disinfectant and astringent. Internally as emmenagogue, probably useless.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), usually in pills. For application to the skin, 1:500 solution.
Potassii Sulphas (Pot. Sulph.), Potassium Sulphate, N.F.—K2SO4.
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline, somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Saline purgative closely resembling sodium sulphate in its action, but without advantage over the latter.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Prunum (Prunum), Prune, N.F.
Action and Uses: One of the ingredients in confection of senna but seldom used in medicine apart from this.
*Prunus Virginiana (Prun. Virg.), Wild Cherry, U.S.P.(Wild Black Cherry Bark).
Action and Uses: Sedative expectorant, mainly used as flavor.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianae (Fldext. Prun. Virg.), Fluidextract of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Infusum Pruni Virginianae (Inf. Prun. Virg.), Infusion of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (4%), in glycerin and water.
Dosage: 60 Cc. or 2 fluidounces (N.F.).
*Syrupus Pruni Virginianae (Syr. Prun. Virg.), Syrup of Wild Cherry, U.S.P.—Wild cherry bark (15%), in glycerin and syrup.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
Vinum Pruni Virginianae (Vin. Prun. Virg.), Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (25%) in water, alcohol, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Vinum Pruni Virginianae Ferratum (Vin. Prun. Virg. Ferr.), Ferrated Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Tincture of ferric citrochloride (8%) in wine of wild cherry. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.
Uses: Superfluous “tonic.”
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Pulsatilla (Pulsatil.), Pulsatilla, N.F.(Pasque Flower, Meadow Anemone).—The plant.
Action and Uses: Has been recommended as an alterative, sedative and antispasmodic. Has been used in syphilis with undoubted harmful results because of its inefficiency. Its use is fortunately decreasing.
Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
Tinctura Pulsatillae (Tr. Pulsatil.), Tincture of Pulsatilla, N.F.—Pulsatilla (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
PULVERES, POWDERS.—The official powders are mixtures of several substances in powdered form. For the preparations now official see under the names of the principal constituents. For Pulvis Antimonialis, see underAntimonii Oxidum; for Pulvis Antisepticus, see underZinci Sulphas; for Pulvis Aromaticus and Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus, underCinnamomum Saigonicum; for Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens, underCaryophyllus; Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus et Opii, underOpium; for Pulvis Effervescens Compositus, underPotassii et Sodii Tartras; for Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, underSenna; for Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii, underOpium, and for Pulvis Talci Compositus, underAcidum Salicylicum.
Pumex (Pumex), Pumice, N.F.—Consists chiefly of complex silicates of volcanic origin.
Action and Uses: Used as an abrasive material, and in pharmacy as an absorbent.
Pyrethrum (Pyreth.), Pyrethrum, U.S.P.(Pellitory Root).
Action and Uses: Obsolete, irritant sialagogue and local irritant.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Pyrethri (Tr. Pyreth.), Tincture of Pyrethrum, U.S.P.(Tincture of Pellitory).—Pyrethrum (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
Uses: External.
Pyrogallol (Pyrogall.), Pyrogallol, U.S.P.(Pyrogallic Acid).—Trihydroxybenzene.
Light, white or nearly white, odorless, bitter laminae, fine needles or powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3).
Action and Uses: Irritant antiseptic in chronic skin diseases. Internally highly toxic.
Dosage: 5 per cent. ointment.
Pyroxylinum (Pyroxylin.), Pyroxylin, U.S.P.(Soluble Gun Cotton).—Chiefly cellulose tetranitrate.
A yellowish-white matted mass of filaments, resembling raw cotton in appearance; very inflammable. Slowly but completely soluble in a mixture of three volumes of ether and one volume of alcohol. Also soluble in acetone and in glacial acetic acid. Practically insoluble in alcohol or water.
Action and Uses: Basis for collodions.
*Collodium (Collod.), Collodion, U.S.P.—Pyroxylin (4%) in a mixture of ether and alcohol.
Uses: Used to form a protective film and as a vehicle for external applications.
*Collodium Flexile (Collod. Flex.), Flexible Collodion, U.S.P.—A mixture of collodion (95%) with camphor (2%) and castor oil (3%).
Uses: More pliable than collodion and does not contract as much in drying.
Quassia (Quass.), Quassia, U.S.P.(Bitter Wood).
Action and Uses: Simple bitter stomachic (more disagreeable than gentian); an infusion is also used as enema in the treatment of pinworms.
Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
Extractum Quassiae (Ext. Quas.), Extract of Quassia, N.F.(Powdered Extract of Quassia).—An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 10 Gm. of quassia.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Quassiae (Fldext. Quass.), Fluidextract of Quassia, N.F.—Quassia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
Tinctura Quassiae (Tr. Quas.), Tincture of Quassia, U.S.P.—Quassia (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Quercus (Querc.), Quercus, N.F.(White Oak Bark).
Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent, without advantage over krameria, etc.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Quercus (Fldext. Querc.), Fluidextract of Quercus, N.F.—Quercus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
Quillaja (Quillaja), Quillaja, N.F.(Soap-tree Bark).
Action and Uses: Contains saponin and has been recommended as an expectorant. Similar to, but without advantage over senega. Has been used as a detergent and as an emulsifying agent; in the latter use is objectionable.
Tinctura Quillajae (Tr. Quillaj.), Tincture of Quillaja, N.F.—Quillaja (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
Quinidina (Quinid.), Quinidine, N.F.—An alkaloid isomeric with quinine.
White, odorless crystals or powder, with an intense and persistent bitter taste.
Action and Uses: At one time recommended as a cheap substitute for quinine. Inferior and obsolete.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.) daily.
Syrupus Quinidinae (Syr. Quinid.), Syrup of Quinidine, N.F.(Bitterless Syrup of Quinidine).—Quinidine (3.3%) and oil of orange in syrup.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
*Quinina (Quin.), Quinine, U.S.P.—Obtained from cinchona bark.
White, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1560), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).
Action and Uses: Bitter tonic, analgesic and antipyretic; specific against malaria. Contraindicated in ear diseases. Idiosyncrasies are common.
The official quinine salts are more numerous than is necessary. Those that are starred would meet every indication.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).
Oleatum Quininae (Oleat. Quin.), Oleate of Quinine, N.F.—Quinine (25%) in oleic acid.
*Quininae Bisulphas (Quin. Bisulph.), Quinine Bisulphate, U.S.P.—Quinine acid sulphate.
Transparent or whitish, odorless, very bitter crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:9) and soluble in alcohol (1:23).
Action and Uses: Similar to, and without advantage over,Quininae Dihydrochloridum.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Antiperiodica (Tr. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Tincture, N.F.(Warburg’s Tincture).—Quinine bisulphate (2%), extract of aloes (1.75%), rhubarb (0.8%), angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, gentian, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, camphor, agaric, pepper, Saigon cinnamon andJamaica ginger in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Uses: Antiquated, complex and irrational quinine mixture.
Dosage: From 4 to 15 Cc. or 1 to 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Tinctura Antiperiodica sine Aloe (Tr. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Tincture without Aloes, N.F.(Warburg’s Tincture without Aloes).—The same as the preceding (Tinctura Antiperiodica) with the omission of extract of aloes.
Uses and Dosage: See Tinctura Antiperiodica.
Quininae Dihydrochloridum (Quin. Dihydrochl.), Quinine Dihydrochloride, U.S.P.
White, odorless, very bitter powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.6), and soluble in alcohol (1:12).
Action and Uses: Used where concentrated solutions of quinine are wanted, as for subcutaneous injections, etc.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).
*Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum (Quin. et Urea. Hydrochl.), Quinine and Urea Hydrochloride, U.S.P.(Quinine and Urea Chloride).—A double salt of quinine and urea.
Colorless, translucent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.4).
Action and Uses: Much less irritating than ordinary quinine salts and therefore suited for hypodermic injections, in malaria or as local anesthetic.
Dosage: Hypodermic, one dose daily, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For local anesthesia (hypodermic) solution of from 0.25 to 1 per cent.; (applied to mucous membranes), solutions of from 10 to 20 per cent.
Quininae Glycerophosphas (Quin. Glycerophos.), Quinine Glycerophosphate, N.F.(Quinine Glycerinophosphate).
Fine, white, odorless crystals or powder, with a very bitter taste.
Action and Uses: Expensive and superfluous quinine salt.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Quininae Hydrobromidum (Quin. Hydrobr.), Quinine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.(Quinine Bromide).
Light, white, odorless, very bitter silky needles. Soluble in water (1:40), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.9).
Action and Uses: Superfluous; seeQuininae Hydrochloridum.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains, daily (U.S.P.).
*Quininae Hydrochloridum (Quin. Hydrochl.), Quinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.(Quinine Chloride).
White, odorless, very bitter, silky needles. Soluble in water (1:18) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).
Action and Uses: Has the action of other quinine salts; frequently preferred to the sulphate, because neutral and more soluble.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).
Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina (Syr. Phosphat. c. Quin. et Strych.), Syrup of Phosphates with Quinine and Strychnine, N.F.(Syrupus Hydrochlorophosphatum, N.F. III, Compound Syrup of Hydrochlorophosphates).—Quinine hydrochloride (0.44%), strychnine nitrate (0.014%), compound solution of phosphates (50%) in glycerin and syrup.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Quininae Hypophosphis (Quin. Hypophos.), Quinine Hypophosphite, N.F.
Fine, white, odorless crystals, with a very bitter taste.
Action and Uses: Superfluous quinine salt.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).
Quininae Salicylas (Quin. Salicyl.), Quinine Salicylate, U.S.P.
Colorless (often becoming pinkish), odorless, bitter needles. Soluble in alcohol (1:14) and in glycerin (1:13). Only slightly soluble in water.
Action and Uses: Superfluous; see Quininae Hydrochloridum. The quantity of salicylate in a dose is usually too small to be effective.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).
*Quininae Sulphas (Quin. Sulph.), Quinine Sulphate, U.S.P.
White, odorless, very bitter, efflorescent crystals. Slightly soluble in water (1:725) and in alcohol (1:107).
Action and Uses: The most commonly used quinine salt but inferior to the hydrochloride, the dihydrochloride and quinine and urea hydrochloride where a soluble salt is desired, and to the alkaloid or the tannate where an insoluble one is needed.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).
Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum (Elix. Cinchon. Alk.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, N.F.III, Elixir Calisaya, Alkaloidal).—Quinine sulphate (0.2%), cinchonidine sulphate (0.1%), cinchonine sulphate (0.1%), compound tincture of cudbear and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.
Uses: Imitation of cinchona, minus the tannin. No advantage over quinine.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum (Elix. Cinchon. et Hypophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Hypophosphites, N.F.(Elixir Cinchonae et Hypophosphitum, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Hypophosphites).—Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 85%), hypophosphorous acid and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis.—See under Calcii Lactophosphas.
Pilulae Antiperiodicae (Pil. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Pills, N.F.(Warburg’s Pills).—Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), extract of aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe (Pil. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Pills without Aloes, N.F.(Warburg’s Pills without Aloes).—Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
*Quininae Tannas (Quin. Tann.), Quinine Tannate, U.S.P.
Pale yellow, or yellowish-white, odorless and tasteless, or nearly tasteless powder. Only very slightly soluble in water. Somewhat more soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used where comparatively tasteless preparations are wanted.
Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.); sometimes administered with chocolate or sugar.
Trochisci Quininae Tannatis (Troch. Quin. Tan.), Troches of Quinine Tannate, N.F.—Each troche contains quinine tannate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, oil of theobroma, cocoa, sugar and sodium benzosulphinide.
Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).
Quininae Valeras (Quin. Valer.), Quinine Valerate, N.F.
White, lustrous crystals, with a valerian-like odor and an intensely bitter taste.
Action and Uses: Those of quinine and valerates, but disagreeable and superfluous.
Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).
Elixir Quininae Valeratis et Strychninae (Elix. Quin. Valer. et Strych.), Elixir of Quinine Valerate and Strychnine, N.F.(Elixir Quininae Valerianatis et Strychninae, N.F. III).—Quinine valerate (1.75%), strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), compound tincture of cudbear, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.
Uses: Irrational “tonic” mixture.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Renninum (Rennin.), Rennin, N.F.—Milk-curdling enzyme from the stomach of the calf.
Grayish-white or yellowish-white powder or yellowish grains or scales, with a characteristic, slightly saline taste and a peculiar odor. Slowly soluble in water and in diluted alcohol.
Action and Uses: For making wheys and junkets.
Resina (Resin.), Rosin, U.S.P.(Colophony).—The residue left after distilling the volatile oil from turpentine (the oleoresin).
Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of ointments and plasters. Rubefacient.
Ceratum Resinae (Cerat. Res.), Rosin Cerate, U.S.P.(Basilicon Ointment).—Rosin, yellow wax and lard.
Ceratum Resinae Compositum (Cerat. Resin. Co.), Compound Rosin Cerate, N.F.(Deshler’s Salve).—Rosin, yellow wax, prepared suet, turpentine and linseed oil.
Emplastrum Elasticum (Emp. Elast.), Rubber Plaster, U.S.P.(Rubber Adhesive Plaster).—A mixture of rubber, resins, and waxes, with a filler of an absorbent powder.
Emplastrum Resinae (Emp. Res.), Rosin Plaster, U.S.P.(Rosin Adhesive Plaster, Adhesive Plaster).—Rosin, lead plaster and yellow wax.
RESINAE, RESINS.—Resins are the residues obtained by distilling the volatile oil from oleoresins or the precipitates obtained from solutions of resins in alcohol by the addition of water. For the official resins see under the names of the principal constituents.
*Resorcinol (Resorcin.), Resorcinol, U.S.P.(Resorcin).—Metadihydroxybenzene.
Colorless or nearly colorless crystals or powder with a faint, peculiar odor and a taste at first sweetish, afterward bitter. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and in alcohol (1:0.9).
Action and Uses: Irritant, antiseptic; used internally in gastric fermentation; externally in skin diseases.
Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).
Pasta Resorcinolis Fortis (Past. Resorcin. Fort.), Strong Resorcinol Paste, N.F.(Lassar’s Stronger Resorcinol Paste).—Resorcinol (20%), zinc oxide (20%), starch and light liquid petrolatum.
Pasta Resorcinolis Mitis (Past. Resorcin. Mit.), Mild Resorcinol Paste, N.F.(Lassar’s Mild Resorcinol Paste).—Resorcinol (10%), zinc oxide (25%), starch and liquid petrolatum.
Unguentum Resorcinolis Compositus (Ung. Resorcin. Co.), Compound Resorcinol Ointment, N.F.—Resorcinol, zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate and rectified oil of birch tar (each 6%), in yellow wax, petrolatum, anhydrous wool fat and glycerin.
Uses: Complex antiseptic ointment.
Rhamnus Cathartica (Rhamn. Cath.), Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F.(Buckthorn Berries, Baccae Spinae Cervinae).—Ripe fruit.
Action and Uses: Superfluous hydragogue cathartic.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Rhamni Catharticae (Fldext. Rham. Cathart.), Fluidextract of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F.—Rhamnus cathartica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
Syrupus Rhamni Catharticae (Syr. Rham. Cathart.), Syrup of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F.(Syrup of Buckthorn Berries, Syrupus Spinae Cervinae).—Fluidextract of rhamnus cathartica (20%), oil of fennel and oil of cinnamon, in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
*Rheum (Rheum), Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhizome and root.
Action and Uses: Efficient and pleasant laxative, its action resembling cascara. It is, however, also somewhat astringent. Used especially in the form of aromatic tincture and aromatic syrup.
The official preparations of rhubarb are needlessly numerous, those that are starred being quite sufficient. Many of the official mixtures and pills are unnecessarily complex.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
*Extractum Rhei (Ext. Rhei), Extract of Rhubarb, U.S.P.(Powdered Extract of Rhubarb).—One Gm. extract represents 2 Gm. rhubarb.
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Rhei (Fldext. Rhei), Fluidextract of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Fluidglyceratum Rhei (Fldglycer. Rhei), Fluidglycerate of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (100%) in water and glycerin.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
Mistura Rhei Alkalina (Mist. Rhei Alk.), Alkaline Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F.(Syrupus Rhei et Potassii Compositus, N.F. III, Neutralizing Cordial).—Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.6%), fluidextract of hydrastis (0.8%), and potassium carbonate (1.6%) with tincture of cinnamon, spirit of peppermint in syrup and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 37 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Mistura Rhei Composita (Mist. Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F.(Mistura Rhei et Sodae, U.S.P. VIII, Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda).—Fluidextract ofrhubarb (1.5%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), sodium bicarbonate (3.5%), glycerin and spirit of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
Pilulae Rhei (Pil. Rhei), Pills of Rhubarb, N.F.—Each pill contains rhubarb (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains) with soap.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
Pilulae Rhei Compositae (Pil. Rhei Co.), Compound Pills of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Each pill contains rhubarb (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and aloes (0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with myrrh and oil of peppermint.
Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
Pulvis Rhei Compositus (Pulv. Rhei Co.), Compound Powder of Rhubarb, U.S.P.(Gregory’s Powder).—Rhubarb (25%), Jamaica ginger (10%) and magnesium oxide.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
Pulvis Rhei et Magnesiae Anisatus (Pulv. Rhei et Magnes. Anis.), Anisated Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia, N.F.(Compound Anise Powder).—Rhubarb (35%), anethol and heavy magnesium oxide.
Uses: Mild cathartic.
Dosage: For infants, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
Syrupus Rhei (Syr. Rhei), Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of rhubarb (10%), spirit of cinnamon and potassium carbonate in water and syrup.
Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
*Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus (Syr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P.(Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb).—Aromatic tincture of rhubarb (15%) and potassium carbonate in syrup.
Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Rhei (Tr. Rhei), Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (20%) and cardamom seed, in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Rhei Aquosa (Tr. Rhei. Aq.), Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (10%) and potassium carbonate in cinnamon water, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
*Tinctura Rhei Aromatica (Tr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (20%), Saigoncinnamon, clove and nutmeg in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Rhei Dulcis (Tr. Rhei Dulc.), Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (10%), glycyrrhiza, anise and cardamom seed in glycerin, diluted alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Tinctura Rhei et Gentianae (Tr. Rhei et Gent.), Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian, N.F.—Rhubarb (7%) and gentian (1.75%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.
Uses: Stomachic and laxative.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Vinum Rhei Compositum (Vin. Rhei Co.), Compound Wine of Rhubarb, N.F.(Tinctura Rhei Vinosa, N.F. III).—Fluidextract of rhubarb (8%), fluidextract of bitter orange peel, tincture of cardamom in sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Rhus Glabra (Rhus Glab.), Rhus Glabra, N.F.(Sumac Berries).
Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent; without advantage over krameria, etc.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae (Fldext. Rhois Glab.), Fluidextract of Rhus Glabra, N.F.—Rhus glabra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
*Rosa, Rose(Cabbage Rose,Rosa centifolia).
Action and Uses: The preparations are used for flavoring.
*Aqua Rosae (Aq. Ros.), Rose Water, U.S.P.—A mixture of stronger rose water with distilled water.
Aqua Rosae Fortior (Aq. Ros. Fort.), Stronger Rose Water, U.S.P.—Prepared by distilling fresh cabbage roses with water.
Confectio Rosae (Confect. Ros.), Confection of Rose, N.F.—Red rose, sugar, clarified honey and stronger rose water.
Unguentum Aquae Rosae (Ung. Aq. Ros.), Ointment of Rose Water, U.S.P.(Cold Cream).—Sodium borate (0.5%), spermaceti, white wax, expressed oil of almond, and stronger rose water.
Uses: Emollient.
Rosa Gallica (Rosa Gall.), Red Rose, U.S.P.—Petals.
Action and Uses: Mildly astringent but used chiefly as a flavoring agent in the confection of rose; antiquated.
Fluidextractum Rosae (Fldext. Rosae), Fluidextract of Rose, U.S.P.—Red rose (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Infusum Rosae Compositum (Inf. Ros. Co.), Compound Infusion of Rose, N.F.—Red rose (1.3%) with diluted sulphuric acid and sugar in water.
Dosage: 100 Cc. or 3 fluidounces (N.F.).
Syrupus Rosae (Syr. Ros.), Syrup of Rose, N.F.—Fluidextract of rose and diluted sulphuric acid in syrup.
Rubi Fructus (Rubi Fructus), Blackberries, N.F.
Action and Uses: Flavor.
Cordiale Rubi Fructus (Cord. Rubi Fruct.), Blackberry Cordial, N.F.—Blackberry syrup (about 75%) and diluted alcohol (about 25%), with cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
Uses: Used as carminative in summer diarrhea. Not very efficient.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Syrupus Rubi Fructi (Syr. Rubi Fruct.), Syrup of Blackberry Fruit, N.F.—Juice of ripe blackberries in sugar.
Uses: Flavoring vehicle.
Rubi Idaei Fructus (Rubi Idaei Fructus), Raspberries, N.F.
Action and Uses: Flavoring.
Syrupus Rubi Idaei (Syr. Rubi Id.), Syrup of Raspberry, N.F.—Juice of ripe raspberries in sugar.
Rubus (Rubus), Rubus, N.F.(Blackberry Bark).—Bark of the rhizome.
Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent without advantage over krameria, etc.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Elixir Rubi Compositum (Elix. Rubi Co.), Compound Elixir of Blackberry, N.F.—Rubus (1.6%), nutgall (1.6%),Saigon cinnamon, clove, mace, ginger, syrup of blackberry and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
Uses: Used in “summer complaint.”
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Rubi (Fldext. Rubi), Fluidextract of Rubus, N.F.—Rubus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
Syrupus Rubi (Syr. Rubi), Syrup of Rubus, N.F.—Fluidextract of rubus (25%) in syrup.
Uses: Intestinal astringent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Rumex (Rumex), Rumex, N.F.(Yellow Dock, Curled Dock).—Roots.
Action and Uses: Obsolete, unreliable and generally worthless “alterative and tonic”; mildly laxative.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Rumicis (Fldext. Rumic.), Fluidextract of Rumex, N.F.—Rumex (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Sabal (Sabal), Sabal, U.S.P.(Saw Palmetto Berries).—The partially dried ripe fruit.
Action and Uses: Widely exploited as a stimulant of the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary tract. Probably inferior to santal oil.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Sabal (Fldext. Sabal), Fluidextract of Sabal, U.S.P.(Fluidextract of Saw Palmetto).—Sabal (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Tinctura Sabal et Santali (Tr. Sabal et Santal.), Tincture of Saw Palmetto and Santal, N.F.—Sabal (20%) and sandalwood (6.5%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
*Saccharum (Sacch.), Sugar, U.S.P.(Sucrose).—Obtained from the sugar-cane, the sugar-beet, etc.
White, odorless crystals or powder with a sweet taste.
Action and Uses: Sweetening agent in official syrups and other preparations.
*Syrupus (Syrupus), Syrup, U.S.P.(Sirup, Simple Syrup).—Sugar (85%) in water.
*Saccharum Lactis (Sacch. Lact.), Sugar of Milk, U.S.P.(Milk Sugar, Lactose).—Obtained from the whey of cow’s milk.
White, hard, odorless crystalline masses or powder, with a faintly sweet taste.
Action and Uses: Less sweet than cane sugar and less liable to ferment; slightly laxative and diuretic; frequently used to modify cow’s milk in the feeding of infants.
SALES EFFERVESCENTES, GRANULAR EFFERVESCENT SALTS.—Effervescent salts are mixtures of active constituents with sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid. They are usually directed to be produced and dispensed in coarse granules. Their advantage over other methods of administering active ingredients is rather doubtful. For effervescent salts included in the Pharmacopeia and in the National Formulary, see under the names of the active ingredients. For Sal Carolinum Factitium and Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens, see underSodii Sulphas; for Sal Kissingense Factitium and Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens, see underSodii Chloridum; for Sal Vichyanum Factitium, Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens and Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio, see underSodii Bicarbonas.
Salicinum (Salicin.), Salicin, U.S.P.—A glucoside obtained from certain species of willows and poplars.
White powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste.
Action and Uses: Partially decomposed in the stomach and intestines and finally oxidized in the body into salicylic acid. Less irritant to the mucous membranes than the salicylates but also less certain in its action, and has been practically superseded by the latter.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Sambucus (Sambuc.), Sambucus, N.F.(Elder Flowers).
Action and Uses: Obsolete and worthless remedy in dropsy. Large doses are said to act like a hydragogue cathartic.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
Sanguinaria (Sanguin.), Sanguinaria, U.S.P.(Blood Root).—Rhizome and roots.
Action and Uses: Irritant and narcotic; unreliable; expectorant in small doses and nauseant in large doses, which may produce serious secondary symptoms.
Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Sanguinariae (Fldext. Sanguin.), Fluidextract of Sanguinaria, N.F.—Sanguinaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).
Syrupus Sanguinariae (Syr. Sanguinar.), Syrup of Sanguinaria, N.F.(Syrup of Bloodroot).—Sanguinaria (22.5%) and acetic acid in syrup.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Tinctura Sanguinariae (Tr. Sanguin.), Tincture of Sanguinaria, U.S.P.(Tincture of Bloodroot).—Sanguinaria (10%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 56 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Santalum Album (Santal. Alb.), Sandal Wood, N.F.(White Sandal Wood).—Heartwood.
Action and Uses: Similar to those ofOleum Santali, which see.
Santalum Rubrum (Santal. Rub.), Red Saunders, U.S.P.—Heartwood.
Action and Uses: Used as a coloring agent.
*Santoninum (Santonin.), Santonin, U.S.P.—Anhydride or lactone of santonic acid, obtained from Levant wormseed.
Colorless crystals or powder, becoming yellow on exposure to light, odorless and at first nearly tasteless, afterward becoming bitter.
Action and Uses: Used for its poisonous action on intestinal parasites, especially ascaris. When absorbed in sufficient amounts it produces yellow vision and epileptiform convulsions.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.) in powder or capsules.
Trochisci Santonini (Troch. Santonin.), Troches of Santonin, N.F.—Each troche contains santonin (0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain), with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.
Uses: Anthelmintic. Objectionable since their resemblance to candy may lead to serious poisoning.
Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).
Trochisci Santonini Compositi (Troch. Santonin. Co.), Compound Troches of Santonin, N.F.(Troches of Santonin and Calomel).—Each troche contains santonin and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.
Uses: Anthelmintic; objectionable like Trochisci Santonini, which see above.
Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).
*Sapo (Sapo), Soap, U.S.P.(White Castile Soap).—Soap prepared from olive oil and sodium hydroxide.
A white or whitish solid or powder, having a faint, peculiar odor and an alkaline taste.
Action and Uses: Used chiefly as a detergent and in solution as a vehicle for liniments. Also an ingredient of pills containing resinous drugs like aloes and scammony.
Emplastrum Saponis (Emp. Sapon.), Soap Plaster, N.F.—Made from soap (10%) and lead plaster (90%).
Linimentum Saponato-Camphoratum (Lin. Sapon.-Camph.), Camphorated Soap Liniment, N.F.(Opodeldoc, Solid Opodeldoc).—Camphor (2.5%), ammonia water, sodium stearate, oil of thyme, oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.
*Linimentum Saponis (Lin. Sapon.), Soap Liniment, U.S.P.(Liquid Opodeldoc).—Soap (6%), camphor (4.5%) in oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
Uses: Mild rubefacient and vehicle for more active liniments.
*Sapo Mollis (Sapo Moll.), Soft Soap, U.S.P.—Prepared from cottonseed oil and potassium hydroxide.
A soft, unctuous, yellowish-white to brownish-yellow mass, having a slight, characteristic odor and an alkaline taste.
Action and Uses: Dissolved in diluted alcohol, is employed in the preparation of various liniments, and as a detergent.
Linimentum Saponis Mollis (Lin. Sapon. Moll.), Liniment of Soft Soap, U.S.P.(Tincture of Green Soap).—Soft soap (65%) and oil of lavender in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
Linimentum Saponis Mollis Compositum (Lin. Sapon. Mol. Co.), Compound Liniment of Soft Soap, N.F.(Tinctura Saponis Viridis Composita, N.F. III).—Soft soap (15%), oil of cade (2%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.
Sarsaparilla (Sarsap.), Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.(Sarsaparilla Root).
Action and Uses: Formerly used in chronic rheumatism, skin diseases and syphilis; inefficient and therefore harmful; fortunately passing out of use.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Decoc. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, N.F.—Sarsaparilla (10%), guaiac wood (2%), mezereum (1%), sassafras, glycyrrhiza and water.
Uses: Antiquated and useless “alterative.”
Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae (Fldext. Sarsap.), Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Sarsaparilla (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Fldext. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Sarsaparilla (75%), mezereum (3%), glycyrrhiza and sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus (Syr. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of sarsaparilla (20%), fluidextract of senna (1.5%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, oil of sassafras, oil of anise, methyl salicylate and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
Uses: Irrational mixture; no indications for its use.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
Sassafras (Sassaf.), Sassafras, U.S.P.—Bark of the root.
Action and Uses: Mild aromatic and carminative containing a volatile oil. No advantage over other aromatics, such as peppermint, ginger, etc.
Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).
Sassafras Medulla (Sassaf. Med.), Sassafras Pith, N.F.
Action and Uses: Demulcent.
Mucilago Sassafras Medullae (Mucil. Sassaf. Medul.), Mucilage of Sassafras Pith, N.F.—Sassafras pith (0.2%) in water.
Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).