Scammoniae Radix (Scam. Rad.), Scammony Root, U.S.P.
Action and Uses: Used principally for preparing resin, in which its activity as a cathartic resides.
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
Resina Scammoniae (Res. Scamm.), Resin of Scammony, U.S.P.—The resin from scammony root.
Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).
*Scilla (Scill.), Squill, U.S.P.—Fleshy inner scales of a bulb. The official drug is to be assayed biologically.
Action and Uses: Qualitatively like those of digitalis. Has been largely used as a nauseant and expectorant. Has no advantage over digitalis, and should pass out of use. If used, it should be standardized.
Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.) of a standardized preparation.
Acetum Scillae (Acet. Scill.), Vinegar of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (10%) in diluted acetic acid.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Scillae (Fldext. Scill.), Fluidextract of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (100%). Assayed biologically by producing death in the frog.
Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.
Oxymel Scillae (Oxymel Scill.), Oxymel of Squill, N.F.—Vinegar of squill (50%) and clarified honey.
Uses: Antiquated and irrational preparation of squill.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
*Syrupus Scillae (Syr. Scill.), Syrup of Squill, U.S.P.—Vinegar of squill (45%), in sugar and water.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Syrupus Scillae Compositus (Syr. Scill. Co.), Compound Syrup of Squill, U.S.P.(Hive Syrup).—Fluidextract of squill (8%), fluidextract of senega (8%) and antimony and potassium tartrate (0.2%), in water and syrup.
Uses: Complex and irrational expectorant.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
*Tinctura Scillae (Tr. Scill.), Tincture of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (10%) in alcohol and water. Biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.
Scoparius (Scopar.), Scoparius, N.F.(Broom Tops).
Action and Uses: Formerly used as diuretic, laxative and cathartic. See Sparteinae Sulphas.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Scoparii (Fldext. Scopar.), Fluidextract of Scoparius, N.F.—Scoparius (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
*Scopolaminae Hydrobromidum (Scopolamin. Hydrobrom.), Scopolamine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.(Hyoscine Hydrobromide, Scopolamine Bromide).—The hydrobromide of levorotatory scopolamine, also known as hyoscine.
Colorless, odorless, transparent crystals.
Action and Uses: Closely resembling those of atropine in its influence on the nerve endings but differing from the latter in having a sedative instead of a stimulating effect on the brain. Used as a somnifacient in motor excitement and mania; as a preliminary to anesthesia and in “twilight sleep,” and locally as a mydriatic. Uncertain in its action, at times producing acute delirium. The tendency to depress the respiratory center must be remembered.
Dosage: 0.3 Mg. or 1/200 grain (U.S.P.).
Scutellaria (Scutell.), Scutellaria, N.F.(Skullcap).—Plant.
Action and Uses: Claimed, though without reliable evidence, to be a tonic, nervine and antispasmodic, particularly useful in chorea and convulsions.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Scutellariae (Fldext. Scutellar.), Fluidextract of Scutellaria, N.F.—Scutellaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
Senecio (Senecio), Senecio, N.F.(Life Root).—Plant deprived of its root.
Action and Uses: Has been recommended, probably without warrant, as a tonic, diuretic, expectorant and diaphoretic.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Senecionis (Fldext. Senecion.), Fluidextract of Senecio, N.F.—Senecio (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Senega (Seneg.), Senega, U.S.P.(Seneca Snakeroot, Senega Snakeroot).
Action and Uses: Employed as nauseant expectorant (by virtue of the irritant saponin).
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Senegae (Fldext. Seneg.), Fluidextract of Senega, U.S.P.—Senega (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Syrupus Senegae (Syr. Seneg.), Syrup of Senega, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of senega (20%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
*Senna (Senn.), Senna, U.S.P.(Alexandria Senna or India Senna).
Action and Uses: Efficient cathartic of anthraquinone series.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Confectio Sennae (Confect. Senn.), Confection of Senna, N.F.—Senna (10%), cassia fistula (16%), tamarind (10%), prune, fig, sugar, oil of coriander and water.
Uses: A pleasant but needlessly complex laxative.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
*Fluidextractum Sennae (Fldext. Senn.), Fluidextract of Senna, U.S.P.—Senna (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Infusum Sennae Compositum (Inf. Senn. Co.), Compound Infusion of Senna, U.S.P.—Senna (6%), magnesium sulphate (12%), manna (12%) and fennel in water.
Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (U.S.P.).
*Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus (Pulv. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.(Compound Licorice Powder).—Senna (18%), washed sulphur (8%) with glycyrrhiza, oil of fennel and sugar.
Uses: A misnamed senna preparation.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Species Laxativae (Spec. Lax.), Laxative Species, N.F.(Species Laxantes, N.F. III, St. Germain Tea).—Senna (40%), potassium bitartrate (10%), elder flowers, fennel and anise.
Dosage: 1.3 Gm. or 20 grains (N.F.).
Syrupus Ficorum Compositus (Syr. Ficor. Co.), Compound Syrup of Figs, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (20%), aromatic fluidglycerate of cascara sagrada (10%), with figs, oil of fennel and spirit of peppermint in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.
Uses: Complex and misnamed cathartic, imitating a widely advertised “patent medicine.”
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
*Syrupus Sennae (Syr. Senn.), Syrup of Senna, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of senna (25%) and oil of coriander in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
Syrupus Sennae Aromaticus (Syr. Senn. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Senna, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (12.5%), jalap (5%), rhubarb (1.75%), Saigon cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, oil of lemon and sugar in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Syrupus Sennae Compositus (Syr. Senn. Co.), Compound Syrup of Senna, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (13.5%), fluidextract of rhubarb (3.5%), fluidextract of frangula (3.5%), methyl salicylate (0.4%) and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 13 per cent.
Uses: Complex and irrational cathartic.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Serpentaria (Serpent.), Serpentaria, U.S.P.(Texas Snakeroot, Virginia Snakeroot).—Rhizome and root.
Action and Uses: Bitter with no advantage over gentian; now less frequently used than formerly.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Serpentariae (Fldext. Serpentar.), Fluidextract of Serpentaria, N.F.—Serpentaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.
Tinctura Serpentariae (Tr. Serpent.), Tincture of Serpentaria, N.F.—Serpentaria (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
*Serum Antidiphthericum (Ser. Antidiph.), Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P.(Diphtheria Antitoxin).—Serum from a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin; has a potency of not less than 250 antitoxic units per Cc.
Action and Uses: Curative and prophylactic agent in diphtheria. The possibility of serum disease must be remembered. Caution should be exercised when antidiphtheric serum is administered to persons who have had asthma, and, above all, “horse asthma.” In such cases a few drops only of the serum may be injected, followed in fifteen or thirty minutes by the full dose.
Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.
*Serum Antidiphthericum Purificatum (Ser. Antidiph. Purif.), Purified Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P.(Antidiphtheric Globulins, Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin, Diphtheric Antitoxin Globulins, Refined and Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin).—Certain antitoxic proteins from the blood serum of a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.
Uses: Less apt to produce serum disease.
Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U. S, P.); both hypodermic.
*Serum Antidiphthericum Siccum (Ser. Antidiph. Sicc.), Dried Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P.(Dried Diphtheria Antitoxin).
Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.
*Serum Antitetanicum (Ser. Antitetan.), Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P.(Tetanus Antitoxin).—Serum from a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.
Action and Uses: Prophylactic agent in tetanus; also used for curative purposes.
Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.
*Serum Antitetanicum Purificatum (Ser. Antitetan. Purif.), Purified Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P.(Antitetanic Globulins, Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Refined and Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Tetanus Antitoxic Globulins).—Certain antitoxic proteins from the serum of a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin.
Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.
*Serum Antitetanicum Siccum (Ser. Antitetan. Sicc.), Dried Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P.(Dried Tetanus Antitoxin).
Uses: May be used as a dusting powder in suspicious wounds.
Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.
Sevum Praeparatum (Sev. Praep.), Prepared Suet, U.S.P.(Mutton Suet).
A white, solid, almost odorless fat, having a bland taste when fresh, but becoming rancid on prolonged exposure to air.
Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of ointments and cerates.
Sevum Benzoinatum (Sev. Benz.), Benzoinated Suet, N.F.—Benzoin (3%) in prepared suet.
Uses: Ointment base; superfluous.
Sinapis Alba (Sinap. Alb.), White Mustard, U.S.P.(Yellow Mustard).—Ripe seeds.
Action and Uses: Develops irritant volatile oil on contact with water; frequently mixed with black mustard in powder for use as ground mustard.
Dosage: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).
*Sinapis Nigra (Sinap. Nig.), Black Mustard, U.S.P.(Brown Mustard).—Ripe seeds.
Action and Uses: SeeOleum Sinapis Volatile.
Dosage: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).
*Emplastrum Sinapis (Emp. Sinap.), Mustard Plaster, U.S.P.(Charta Sinapis, U.S.P. VIII, Mustard Paper).—A mixture of black mustard, deprived of its fixed oil, and a solution of rubber, spread on paper, cotton cloth or other fabric.
Uses: Counterirritant.
Soda Chlorinata, Chlorinated Soda.
Action and Uses: Hypochlorites in acid, alkaline and neutral solutions have been found useful in the treatment of infected wounds. The alkaline solution is represented by the Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae below, and by the Liquor Potassae Chlorinatae, which see under Potassa Chlorinata.
*Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae (Liq. Sod. Chlorinat.), Solution of Chlorinated Soda, U.S.P.(Labarraque’s Solution).—Chlorinecompounds of sodium containing not less than 2.5 per cent. available Cl.
Soda cum Calce (Sod. c. Calc.), Soda with Lime, N.F.(London Paste).—Sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide (each 50%).
Action and Uses: Caustic.
Sodii Acetas (Sod. Acet.), Sodium Acetate, U.S.P.—NaC2H3O2+ 3H2O.
Colorless crystals or granular powder, odorless or nearly odorless, and having a cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.8) and soluble in alcohol (1:19).
Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of Potassii Acetas, which see.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Sodii Arsenas (Sod. Arsen.), Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.(Arsenas Sodii, P.I.).—Na2HAsO4+ 7H2O.
Colorless, odorless crystals, efflorescent in dry air, and somewhat deliquescent in moist air. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5) and slightly soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Has the same general action and uses as arsenic trioxide, but is less active.
Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Usually given in the form of solution or pill.
Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus (Sod. Arsen. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.—Na2HAsO4.
White, odorless, amorphous powder. Freely soluble in water (1:3.1), but only slightly soluble in alcohol.
Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).
Liquor Sodii Arsenatis (Liq. Sod. Arsen.), Solution of Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.—Exsiccated sodium arsenate (about 1%) in water.
Uses: No advantage over other arsenicals.
Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, Pearson (Liq. Sod. Arsen. Pearson), Pearson’s Solution of Sodium Arsenate, N.F.(Liquor Arsenicalis Pearsonii).—Exsiccated sodium arsenate (0.1%) in water. Should not be confounded with Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, U.S.P., which is ten times stronger.
Uses: Superfluous arsenic preparation.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
*Sodii Benzoas (Sod. Benz.), Sodium Benzoate, U.S.P.—Na(C6H5.COO).
White, odorless, sweetish powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.8), and soluble in alcohol (1:61). Incompatible with mineral acids and ferric salts.
Action and Uses: Has the action of benzoic acid, but is less irritating. Mild antiseptic, practically non-toxic.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Sodii Benzosulphinidum (Sod. Benzosulphin.), Sodium Benzosulphinide, U.S.P.(Sodium-Saccharin, Soluble Saccharin).
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless or nearly odorless, and having an intensely sweet taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.2) and soluble in alcohol (1:50).
Action and Uses: Those of benzosulphinide (saccharin), but with the advantage of ready solubility.
Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Bicarbonas (Sod. Bicarb.), Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.(Baking Soda).—NaHCO3.
A white, odorless powder, having a cooling, mildly alkaline taste. Decomposed by acids and converted by boiling into the normal carbonate. Soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used as a non-caustic alkali in conditions of acidosis, and to neutralize the acid of the gastric juice in hyperacidity and gastric ulcer. May be used intravenously in cases of extreme acidosis. Externally, used as a mild alkaline wash.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For intravenous injection a 6 per cent. solution sterilized by boiling and thus partly converted into the normal carbonate has been recommended. One thousand Cc. of such a solution may be injected, but great care must be taken that none of the liquid gets outside the veins lest necrosis of the tissues occur.
Liquor Sodae et Menthae (Liq. Sod. et Menth.), Solution of Soda and Mint, N.F.(Mistura Sodae et Menthae, N.F. III, Soda Mint).—Sodium bicarbonate (5%), aromatic spirit of ammonia (1%) and spearmint water.
Uses: Antacid and carminative.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Sal Vichyanum Factitium (Sal Vichy. Fact.), Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F.—Potassium carbonate (3.85%), magnesium sulphate (8%), sodium chloride (7.7%) and sodium bicarbonate (84.6%).
Uses: Alkaline saline cathartic.
Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F.(Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial vichy salt (25%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (48.5%), tartaric acid (16.45%) and citric acid (yielding sodium citrate and tartrate).
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff. c. Lith.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt with Lithium, N.F.(Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens cum Lithio, N.F. III).—Artificial vichy salt (25%), lithium citrate (8.33%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (44.14%), tartaric acid (12.54%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).
Uses: Irrational laxative mixture. The lithium serves no useful purpose.
Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).
Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis (Troch. Sod. Bicarb.), Troches of Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.—Each troche contains sodium bicarbonate (0.18 Gm.) with sugar, nutmeg and mucilage of tragacanth.
*Sodii Boras (Sod. Bor.), Sodium Borate, U.S.P.(Borax, Sodium Tetraborate, Sodium Pyroborate).—Na2B4O7+ 10H2O.
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a sweetish, alkaline taste. Soluble in water (1:15) and insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Antiseptic detergent and alkaline. Used in the form of solution as a wash both externally and in the body cavities. Seldom used internally.
Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.).
Liquor Sodii Boratis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Bor. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Borate, N.F.(Dobell’s Solution).—Sodium borate and sodium bicarbonate (each 1.5%) and liquefied phenol (0.3%) in glycerin and water.
Uses: Mild antiseptic.
Mel Rosae et Sodii Boratis (Mel Ros. et Sod. Bor.), Honey of Rose and Sodium Borate, N.F.(Honey of Rose with Borax).—Sodium borate (10%), glycerin and honey of rose.
Uses: Alkaline demulcent.
Mel Sodii Boratis (Mel Sod. Bor.), Honey of Sodium Borate, N.F.(Mel Boracis, Honey and Borax).—Sodium borate (10%) in glycerin and clarified honey.
Uses: Alkaline demulcent.
Sodii Boro-Benzoas (Sod. Boro-Benz.), Sodium Boro-Benzoate, N.F.—Sodium borate (43%) and sodium benzoate (57%).
Action and Uses: Feeble alkaline antiseptic.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
*Sodii Bromidum (Sod. Brom.), Sodium Bromide, U.S.P.—NaBr.
White, odorless crystals or powder, having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).
Action and Uses: Used as a nerve sedative and cerebral depressant. Practically identical with potassium bromide in action and uses, but somewhat less irritating.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Elixir Sodii Bromidi (Elix. Sod. Brom.), Elixir of Sodium Bromide, N.F.—Sodium bromide (1.75%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7.5 per cent.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
*Sodii Cacodylas (Sod. Cacodyl.), Sodium Cacodylate, U.S.P.—Sodium dimethylarsenate.
White, odorless, deliquescent crystals or powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.5).
Action and Uses: Is slowly decomposed in the tissues into trivalent arsenic. The action is thus more gradual and less toxic than that of other arsenic compounds. Produces garlic breath. Used especially by hypodermic injection, in anemias, etc.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Carbonas Monohydratus (Sod. Carb. Monohyd.), Monohydrated Sodium Carbonate, U.S.P.—Na2CO3+ H2O.
White, odorless, granular powder having a strongly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:3) and insoluble in alcohol. Incompatible with acids and acid salts and with the salts of the heavy metals and alkaloids.
Action and Uses: Antacid and detergent; employed in medicine chiefly in the preparation of alkaline baths.
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Chloridum (Sod. Chlorid.), Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.—NaCl.
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless, and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8), and only slightly soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used for preparing physiologic salt solution. Given by mouth in large doses, is emetic and in proper dilutions, laxative. Excessive use as a seasoning for foods is particularly harmful in nephritis.
Dosage: Emetic, 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).
Liquor Sodii Chloridi Physiologicus (Liq. Sod. Chlor. Physio.), Physiological Solution of Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.(Physiological Salt Solution, Normal Salt Solution).—Sodium chloride (0.85%) in water.
Uses: An indifferent vehicle, used especially for intravenous injections.
Sal Kissingense Factitium (Sal Kissingen. Fact.), Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F.—Potassium chloride (2.8%), sodium chloride (59.4%), magnesium sulphate (20%), sodium bicarbonate (17.8%).
Uses: Alkaline saline cathartic.
Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens (Sal Kissingen. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F.(Pulvis Salis Kissingensis Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial Kissingen salt (40%), sodium bicarbonate (40.6%), tartaric acid (9.4%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).
Dosage: 5.5 Gm. or 80 grains (N.F.).
Sodii Citras (Sod. Cit.), Sodium Citrate, U.S.P.—The hydrated salt.
White, odorless granular powder or small crystals, having a cooling saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.3); insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Similar to those of potassium citrate.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.
Liquor Sodii Citratis (Liq. Sod. Cit.), Solution of Sodium Citrate, N.F.(Mistura Sodii Citratis, Potio Rivierii).—Sodium citrate (3.5%) in water.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Liquor Sodii Citro-Tartratis Effervescens (Liq. Sod. Citro-Tart. Eff.), Effervescent Solution of Sodium Citro-Tartrate, N.F.—Sodium tartrate (about 8%) with syrup of citric acid (about 12%) and water.
Dosage: The contents of one bottle, about 350 Cc. or nearly 12 fluidounces (N.F.).
Sodii Cyanidum (Sod. Cyanid.), Sodium Cyanide, U.S.P.—NaCN.
White masses or powder, odorless when perfectly dry; deliquescent in the air and exhaling the odor of hydrocyanic acid. Freely soluble in cold water.
Action and Uses: Sodium cyanide replaces potassium cyanide, U.S.P. VIII. The alkaline cyanides are rarely administered internally, but their use in solution has been suggested as a substitute for diluted hydrocyanic acid.
Sodii Glycerophosphas (Sod. Glycerophos.), Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P.(Sodium Glycerinophosphate).—Hydrated sodium glycerophosphate. Represents not less than 68 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.
White, odorless plates, scales or powder, having a saline taste. Very soluble in hot or cold water and nearly insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Has been recommended in solutions as a nerve tonic in all kinds of wasting and nervous diseases. The weight of evidence indicates that the glycerophosphates are not superior to ordinary phosphates and that the claims for them as nerve tonics are, therefore, unfounded.
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum (Elix. Glycerophos. Co.), Compound Elixir of Glycerophosphates, N.F.(Compound Solution of Glycerophosphates).—Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (4%), calcium glycerophosphate (1.6%), ferric glycerophosphate (0.3%), soluble manganese glycerophosphate (0.2%), quinine glycerophosphate (0.1%), strychnine glycerophosphate (0.015%), lactic acid (1%) and compound spirit of cardamom, in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
Uses: A highly complex and therefore irrational preparation of the inactive glycerophosphates.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
Liquor Sodii Glycerophosphatis (Liq. Sod. Glycerophos.). Solution of Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P.—Anhydrous sodium glycerophosphate (not less than 50%) in water.
Dosage: 0.35 Cc. or 6 minims (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Hydroxidum (Sod. Hydrox.), Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P.(Caustic Soda, Sodium Hydrate).—NaOH (not less than 90%).
White, odorless masses or hard, brittle sticks. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and very soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of potassium hydroxide.
*Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi (Liq. Sod. Hydrox.), Solution of Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P.(Liquor Sodae, Solution of Soda).—NaOH (about 5%) in water.
Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
Sodii Hypophosphis (Sod. Hypophos.), Sodium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.—NaH2PO2+ H2O.
Colorless plates or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: The hypophosphites have been prescribed as “tonics,” but all reliable evidence indicates that they are inert.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Elixir Sodii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Sod. Hypophos.), Elixir of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), hypophosphorous acid (0.4%), and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.
Uses: Objectionable alcoholic preparation of an inactive drug.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Syrupus Sodii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), and hypophosphorous acid (0.2%) in syrup.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Sodii Indigotindisulphonas (Sod. Indigotin.), Sodium Indigotindisulphonate, U.S.P.(Indigo Carmine).
Blue powder or dark purple paste. Sparingly soluble in water and almost insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Coloring agent.
*Sodii Iodidum (Sod. Iod.), Sodium Iodide, U.S.P.—NaI.
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.55) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).
Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of potassium iodide, but less disagreeable in taste; perhaps somewhat less irritating locally.
Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Nitris (Sod. Nitris), Sodium Nitrite, U.S.P.—NaNO2.
Colorless crystals or white or nearly white masses, sticks or powder, odorless and having a mild saline taste. Deliquescent on exposure to air, being gradually converted into sodium nitrate. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5), but only sparingly soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Vasodilator, similar to nitroglycerin. The action is probably somewhat slower and more prolonged.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Sodii Perboras (Sod. Perbor.), Sodium Perborate, U.S.P.—NaBO3+ 4H2O (about 86.5%). Should contain not less than 9 per cent. of available oxygen.
White, odorless granules or powder, having a saline taste. Soluble in water.
Action and Uses: Antiseptic, deodorant and bactericide; in general, similar to hydrogen peroxide.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.); may be applied as a dusting powder or in a 2 per cent. solution.
Sodii Phenolsulphonas (Sod. Phenolsulph.), Sodium Phenolsulphonate, U.S.P.(Sodium Sulphocarbolate).—The hydrated salt.
Colorless, odorless, somewhat efflorescent crystals or granules, having a cooling, saline bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:4.2), and only slightly soluble in alcohol (1:140).
Action and Uses: Phenolsulphonates were introduced with the idea that they would be antiseptic like phenol, but less toxic. Actually, they are practically inert.
Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Phosphas (Sod. Phos.), Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Na2HPO4+ 12H2O, representing about 41.5 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.
Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals or powder, having a cooling, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.7); insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, similar to magnesium and sodium sulphate. The taste is less disagreeable.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Sodii Phosphas Exsiccatus (Sod. Phos. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Na2HPO4.
White powder which absorbs moisture readily. Freely soluble in water (1:8.1), but insoluble in alcohol.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Phos. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Phosphate, N.F.—Sodium phosphate (100%) and citric acid in glycerin and water.
Uses: Laxative.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
*Sodii Phosphas Effervescens (Sod. Phos. Eff.), Effervescent Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Exsiccated sodium phosphate (20%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (47.7%), tartaric acid (25.2%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.
Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Salicylas (Sod. Salicyl.), Sodium Salicylate, U.S.P.—C6H4(OH) (COONa).
White or nearly white, odorless or nearly odorless powder having a sweet, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:9.2). Incompatible with acids, with acid salts and with solutions of many of the alkaloids, particularly quinine, which precipitates as the salicylate.
Action and Uses: The salt usually employed to secure the constitutional action of salicylic acid.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Elixir Sodii Salicylatis (Elix. Sod. Salicyl.), Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F.—Sodium salicylate (8.5%), syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Elixir Sodii Salicylatis Compositum (Elix. Sod. Salicyl. Co.), Compound Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F.—Sodium salicylate (8%), fluidextract of cimifuga (3.2%), fluidextract of gelsemium (1.6%) and potassium iodide (1.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.
Uses: An irrational rheumatism mixture, constituting an invitation to haphazard use.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Liquor Ferri Salicylatis (Liq. Ferr. Salicyl.), Solution of Ferric Salicylate, N.F.(Salicylated Mixture of Iron).—Solution containing ferric salicylate with a large excess of sodium salicylate [obtained by the interaction of sodium salicylate (12.5%) and tincture of ferric citrochloride (12.5%)], and ammonium citrate, methyl salicylate, glycerin and water.
Uses: “Rheumatism remedy.” Ferric salicylate has no special advantage over the sodium salt.
Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
*Sodii Sulphas (Sod. Sulph.), Sodium Sulphate, U.S.P.(Glauber’s Salt).—Na2SO4+ 10H2O.
Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals, having a bitter, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, more disagreeable but less active than magnesium sulphate, over which it has no material advantage.
Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).
Sal Carolinum Factitium (Sal Carol. Fact.), Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F.—This is available in two forms, the dry amorphous form and the crystalline form, the latter representing about 80 per cent. of water of crystallization. The dry amorphous form represents potassium sulphate (2%), sodium chloride (18%), sodium bicarbonate (36%) and hydrated sodium sulphate (100%).
Uses: Alkaline cathartic.
Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Carol. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F.(Pulvis Salis Carolini Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial Carlsbad salt (26.6%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (40%), tartaric acid (15.7%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.
Action and Uses: Cathartic. Its high sodium citrate and tartrate content should be borne in mind.
Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).
*Sodii Sulphis Exsiccatus (Sod. Sulphis Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Sulphite, U.S.P.—Na2SO3(not less than 90%).
White, odorless powder, having a cooling, saline sulphurous taste. Freely soluble in water (1:3.2), but only sparingly soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Antiseptic; principally used externally as a wash.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
*Sodii Thiosulphas (Sod. Thiosulph.), Sodium Thiosulphate, U.S.P.(“Sodium Hyposulphite”).—Na2S2O3+ 5H2O.
Colorless, odorless crystals, having a cooling, afterward bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and insoluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used externally in the form of a lotion as application for ringworm and other parasitic diseases. Internally, rarely as cathartic.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Solanum (Solan.), Solanum, N.F.(Horsenettle Berries).—Ripe fruit.
Action and Uses: Rarely used as a sedative in convulsions and epilepsy; probably ineffective.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
Fluidextractum Solani (Fldext. Solan.), Fluidextract of Solanum, N.F.—Solanum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Sparteinae Sulphas (Spartein. Sulph.), Sparteine Sulphate, U.S.P.
Colorless, odorless, hygroscopic crystals or powder, having a slightly saline and somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and in alcohol (1:3).
Action and Uses: Has been widely exploited as a diuretic, but on insufficient evidence. Is of little use and is now less frequently employed than formerly. Large doses slow and weaken the heart.
Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).
SPECIES.—Mixtures of vegetable drugs used as teas or poultices. For the official mixtures, see Species Emollientes, N.F., underAlthaea Folia;Species Laxativae, N.F., underSenna, and Species Pectorales, underAlthaea.
Spigelia (Spigelia), Spigelia, U.S.P.(Pinkroot).—Rhizome and roots.
Action and Uses: Obsolete anthelmintic for ascarides. Inferior to santonin.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Spigeliae (Fldext. Spigel.), Fluidextract of Spigelia, U.S.P.(Fluidextract of Pinkroot).—Spigelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
SPIRITUS, SPIRITS.—Alcoholic solutions of either gaseous, liquid, or solid volatile substances.
For the official spirits, see under the names of the respective principal constituents. For Spiritus Cinnamomi, see underOleum Cassiae; for Spiritus Odoratus, underOleum Bergamottae. For the following, see under the respective oils: Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae, Spiritus Anisi, Spiritus Aurantii Compositus, Spiritus Cardamomi Compositus, Spiritus Juniperi, Spiritus Juniperi Compositus, Spiritus Lavandulae, Spiritus Menthae Piperitae, Spiritus Menthae Viridis, Spiritus Myrciae Compositus, Spiritus Sinapis.
SPIRITUS OLEORUM VOLATILIUM, SPIRITS OF VOLATILE OILS.—Volatile oil (6.5%) in alcohol.
Staphisagria (Staphisag.), Staphisagria, U.S.P.(Stavesacre).—Seeds.
Action and Uses: To destroy pediculi. The contained alkaloid, delphinine, is toxic, resembling aconitine in its physiologic action.
Dosage: Used as an ointment or lotion.
Fluidextractum Staphisagria (Fldext. Staphisag.), Fluidextract of Staphisagria, U.S.P.(Fluidextract of Stavesacre).—Staphisagria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
STILI DILUBILES (STIL. DILUB.), PASTE PENCILS,(Unna Pencils).—Paste pencils are for the direct application of medicinal agents to the skin in dermatologic practice. The paste consists of starch, dextrin, tragacanth and sugar with sufficient water to form a plastic mass. For the official paste pencils, see Stili Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles, underAcidum Salicylicum.
Stillingia (Stilling.), Stillingia, U.S.P.(Queen’s Root).
Action and Uses: Has been used as a sialagogue and expectorant. Has no advantage over senega; is now less frequently used than formerly.
The compound fluidextract and syrup are antiquated “alteratives,” at one time used especially against syphilis and scrofula. They are complex and inefficient, and therefore irrational and harmful.
Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Stillingiae (Fldext. Stilling.), Fluidextract of Stillingia, U.S.P.—Stillingia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Stillingiae Compositum (Fldext. Stilling. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Stillingia, N.F.—Stillingia (25%), corydalis (25%), blue flag (12.5%), sambucus (12.5%), chimaphila (12.5%), prickly ash berries (6.2%) and coriander (6.2%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
Syrupus Stillingiae Compositus (Syr. Stilling. Co.), Compound Syrup of Stillingia, N.F.—Compound fluidextract of stillingia (25%) in glycerin and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
*Stramonium (Stramon.), Stramonium, U.S.P.(Jamestown Weed, Jimson Weed).—Leaves, containing not less than 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids.
Action and Uses: Similar to those of belladonna, over which it has no advantage. Often used in “asthma powders.”
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
Extractum Stramonii (Ext. Stramon.), Extract of Stramonium, U.S.P.—Two forms: Pilular extract of stramonium and powdered extract of stramonium. One Gm. of extract represents about 4 Gm. of stramonium and yields about 1 per cent. of alkaloids.
Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).
Fluidextractum Stramonii (Fldext. Stramon.), Fluidextract of Stramonium, N.F.—Stramonium (100%), yielding about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).
Tinctura Stramonii (Tr. Stramon.), Tincture of Stramonium, U.S.P.—Stramonium (10%), yielding about 0.025 per cent. of stramonium alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
Unguentum Stramonii (Ung. Stramon.), Stramonium Ointment, U.S.P.—Pilular extract of stramonium (10%), diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.
Strontii Bromidum (Stront. Brom.), Strontium Bromide, U.S.P.—SrBr2+ 6H2O.
Colorless, odorless crystals, having a bitter, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.35); soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Similar to those of sodium bromide over which it has no definite advantage.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Strontii Carbonas (Stront. Carb.), Strontium Carbonate, N.F.—SrCO3.
White, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol. Decomposed by acids.
Action and Uses: Of use only in the making of soluble salts of strontium.
Strontii Iodidum (Stront. Iod.), Strontium Iodide, U.S.P.—SrI2+ 6H2O.
Colorless crystals or white powder or crystalline crusts, turning yellow on exposure to light; odorless, deliquescent and having a bitter saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.2); somewhat less soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Similar to, but without definite advantage over potassium iodide.
Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.).
Strontii Salicylas (Stront. Salicyl.), Strontium Salicylate, U.S.P.—Sr(C6H4.OH.COO)2+ 2H2O.
White, odorless powder, having a somewhat sweet, saline taste. Soluble in water (1:19) and in alcohol (1:61).
Action and Uses: Identical with those of sodium salicylate, over which it has no advantage.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
*Strophanthinum (Strophanthin.), Strophanthin, U.S.P.—A glucoside or mixture of glucosides obtained from strophanthus.
White or yellowish powder. Very soluble in water and in diluted alcohol.
Action and Uses: Like those of digitalis. Strophanthin acts more rapidly and is excreted sooner, but its absorption from the alimentary canal is so variable that its administration by mouth is inadvisable.
Dosage: Daily by mouth, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.); intravenous, 0.00075 Gm. or 1/80 grain (U.S.P.). Caution should be used if patient has been taking digitalis.
*Strophanthus (Strophanth.), Strophanthus, U.S.P.—Ripe seeds.
Action and Uses: Strophanthus and tincture of strophanthus have properties similar to those of the glucoside strophanthin. The absorption of strophanthus from the alimentary canal is so variable that administration by mouth is not advisable.
Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
*Tinctura Strophanthi (Tr. Strophanth.), Tincture of Strophanthus, U.S.P.(Strophanthi Tinctura, P.I.).—Strophanthus (10%) with the oil removed. Biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.
Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.
Strychnina (Strych.), Strychnine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from nux vomica.
Colorless, odorless crystals or white powder. Extremely bitter in very dilute solutions. Very slightly soluble in water (1:6420) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:136).
Action and Uses: Stimulates the reflex activity of the spinal cord, but produces little or no effect on the higher nervous centers; is also used as a bitter tonic, generally in the form of a preparation of nux vomica.
As strychnine is so slightly soluble, it is generally prescribed as one of its salts. Of these, the nitrate meets every need.
Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).
Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae (Elix. Pepsin. Bism. et Strych.), Elixir of Pepsin, Bismuth and Strychnine, N.F.—Strychnine (0.0175%), tartaric acid, and elixir of pepsin and bismuth. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
Uses: An irrational preparation.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Pilulae Antidyspepticae (Pil. Antidyspep.), Antidyspeptic Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains strychnine (0.0016 Gm., or 1/40 grain), ipecac and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (each 0.0065 Gm., or 1/10 grain), mass of mercury, and compound extract of colocynth (each 0.13 Gm., or 2 grains).
Uses: An objectionably named and misdirected mixture.
Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).
Strychninae Acetas, Strychnine Acetate.
Liquor Strychninae Acetatis (Liq. Strych. Acet.), Solution of Strychnine Acetate, N.F.(Hall’s Solution of Strychnine).—Strychnine acetate (about 0.209%), alcohol, compound tincture of cardamom and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.
Uses: Superfluous strychnine solution.
Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (U.S.P.).
Strychninae Glycerophosphas (Strych. Glycerophos.), Strychnine Glycerophosphate, N.F.(Strychnine Glycerinophosphate).
White, odorless crystals or powder, with a taste at first sweet, afterward intensely bitter. Slightly soluble in water (1:350), and in alcohol (1:310).
Action and Uses: Superfluous strychnine salt.
Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (N.F.).
*Strychninae Nitras (Strych. Nit.), Strychnine Nitrate, U.S.P.
Colorless, odorless crystals or white powder. Soluble in water (1:42) and somewhat less soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Same as those of strychnine.
Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).
*Strychninae Sulphas (Strych. Sulph.), Strychnine Sulphate, U.S.P.
Colorless or white crystals or white powder, odorless; efflorescent in dry air. Soluble in water (1:32) and in alcohol (1:81).
Uses: Same as those of strychnine. Has no advantage over the nitrate.
Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).
Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. Bism. et Strych.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine, N.F.(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine).—Strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids, iron and bismuth (about 99%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.
Uses: An irrational mixture supposed to contain six active ingredients.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Strych.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Strychnine, N.F.(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Strychninae, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya Alkaloidal, with Iron and Strychnine).—Strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron (about 99%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.
Uses: A complex and irrational “tonic.”
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Strychninae Valeras (Strych. Valer.), Strychnine Valerate, N.F.
White, crystalline powder, with a valerian-like odor and an intensely bitter taste. Sparingly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Superfluous strychnine salt.
Dosage: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (N.F.).
Elixir Strychninae Valeratis (Elix. Strych. Valer.), Elixir of Strychnine Valerate, N.F.(Elixir Strychninae Valerianatis, N.F. III).—Strychnine valerate (0.0175%), aromatic elixir (about 96.5%), water, tincture of vanilla and compound tincture of cudbear. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.
Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
Styrax (Styrax), Storax, U.S.P.(Liquid Storax.)—A balsam.
Action and Uses: Closely resembles balsam of Peru, over which it has no advantage. An ointment (1:4) has been used as a parasiticide in scabies and other parasitic infections.
Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
Succus Citri (Suc. Cit.), Lime Juice, N.F.
Action and Uses: Used especially in prevention and treatment of scurvy.
Succus Pomorum (Suc. Pomor.), Fresh Apple Juice, N.F.
Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy in the making of crude ferric malate.
*Sulphonethylmethanum (Sulphonethylmeth.), Sulphonethylmethane, U.S.P.(Trional).—Diethylsulphonemethylethylmethane.
Colorless, lustrous, odorless, crystalline scales, having a bitter taste in aqueous solutions. Slightly soluble in water (1:200) and in alcohol.
Action and Uses: A hypnotic producing in ordinary doses no other symptoms than sleep. The sleep comes on in about an hour, though in some cases it may be much longer delayed.
Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.), best administered in hot milk or other hot drinks.
*Sulphonmethanum (Sulphonmeth.), Sulphonmethane, U.S.P.(Sulphonal).—Diethylsulphonedimethylmethane.
Colorless, odorless and nearly tasteless crystals or powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:365) and soluble in alcohol (1:60).
Action and Uses: Hypnotic and sedative. Has properties similar to those of sulphonethylmethane, but usually acts somewhat more slowly.
Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably administered in hot milk or other hot drinks.
*Sulphur Lotum (Sulphur Lot.), Washed Sulphur, U.S.P.—S.
Fine, yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.
Action and Uses: Used locally in parasitic diseases of the skin and as a mild cathartic especially in hemorrhoids.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Trochisci Sulphuris et Potassii Bitartratis (Troch. Sulphur. et Pot. Bitart.), Troches of Sulphur and Potassium Bitartrate, N.F.(Troches of Sulphur and Cream of Tartar).—Each troche contains washed sulphur (0.3 Gm. or 5 grains) and potassium bitartrate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, sugar and oil of orange.
Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.). Dose so small as to be practically worthless.
*Sulphur Praecipitatum (Sulphur Praec.), Precipitated Sulphur, U.S.P.(Lac Sulphuris, Milk of Sulphur).—S. Made by precipitating a solution of calcium sulphide with hydrochloric acid.
Fine, pale yellow, odorless, tasteless powder.
Action and Uses: Same as those of washed sulphur; more active and irritant.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
*Sulphur Sublimatum (Sulphur Sublim.), Sublimed Sulphur, U.S.P.(Flowers of Sulphur).—S.
Fine, yellow powder having a slight, characteristic odor and a faintly acid taste.
Action and Uses: Same as those of washed sulphur.
Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).
Petroxolinum Sulphuratum (Petrox. Sulphur.), Sulphurated Petroxolin, N.F.(Sulphurated Petrox).—Sublimed sulphur (3%) in linseed oil, oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.
Petroxolinum Sulphuratum Compositum (Petrox. Sulphur. Co.), Compound Sulphurated Petroxolin, N.F.(Compound Sulphurated Petrox).—Sulphurated petroxolin (10%), in oil of cade, thymol, eucalyptol, oil of turpentine and liquid petroxolin.