A.A., abbreviation of the praenomen Aulus.ā, ab, abs(āonly before consonants orh, abbefore vowels and consonants,absusually only before t andq, especially frequent beforete), prep. with abl., 1, of place,from,away from,out of; 2, of time,from,since,after; 3, of agency,by; 4, of separation, source, cause,from,through,because of.abdūcō, seedūcō.abeō, seeeō.aboleō, ēre, ēvī, itus[ab+oleō],to destroy,abolish,wipe out.abrogō, seerogō.absēns, sentis[orig. part. ofabsum], adj.,absent,away.absimilis, e[ab+similis], adj.,unlike.abstineō, seeteneō.absum, seesum.abundantia, ae[abundō,to overflow;ab + unda], f.,plenty,fullness,abundance.ac, seeatque.accēdō, seecēdō.accidō, seecadō.accipiō, seecapiō.acclāmō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+clāmō,to shout],to shout loudly,exclaim.ācer, ācris, ācre, comp.ācrior, sup.ācerrimus, adj.,sharp,bitter;keen,vigorous,fierce.acerbē[acerbus], adv.,bitterly,cruelly,severely.acerbitās, ātis[acerbus], f.,harshness,severity,unkindness.acerbus, a, um, adj.,bitter,harsh,cruel.Achaea, ae, f., a district in the Peloponnesus. Later the Roman province of Southern Greece.Achillēs, is, m., a famous Greek chief at the siege of Troy, slain by Paris, the hero of the Iliad.Achilleus, ī, m., he assumed the title of emperor under Diocletian, and reigned over Egypt for some time. He was taken prisoner by Diocletian, and was put to death, 296A.D.aciēs, ēī, f.,the sharp point of a sword;battle line;battle.Acilius, ī, m., seeGlabriō.Actium, ī, n., a town in Epirus; a promontory near the town.āctuārius, ī, m.,a secretary,shorthand writer.āctus, a, um, seeagō.ad, prep. with accus., 1, of place,to,towards,to the house of,at,near; 2, of time,up to,towards,until,at; 3, of purpose,to,in order to,for,for the sake of.addō, seedō.addūcō,seedūcō.adēmī, ademptus, seeadimō.adeō[ad+eō, adv.], adv.,to this point,so,very,to such a degree.adeptus, seeadipīscor.adfectātor, ōris[adfectō], m.,one that strives for.adfectō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+fectō, freq. offaciō],to strive after,aspire to.adferō, seeferō.adficiō, seefaciō.adfīnitās, ātis[ad+fīnis], f.,relationship(by marriage).adflīgō, see*flīgō.Adherbal, alis, m., a Numidian prince, son of Macipsa, slain by Jugurtha.adhortor, ārī, ātus sum[ad+hortor,to urge],to encourage,exhort,stimulate,urge.adhūc[ad+hūc], adv.,up to this time or place;still,although,yet.Adiabēnī, ōrum, pl. m., the Adiabeni, a people living in the northern part of ancient Assyria.Adiabēnicus, a, um, adj., a cognomen of the emperor Severus, a conqueror of the Adiabeni.adimō, seeemō.adipīscor, ī, adeptus sum[ad+apīscor,to gain],to get,obtain,reach.adicio, see*iaciō.adiungo, seeiungō.adiūtor, ōris[adiūvō,to assist], m.,a helper,assistant,confederate.administrātiō, ōnis[administrō], f.,management,government.administrō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+ministrō,to manage],to manage,govern,regulate,carry on(war).admīrātiō, ōnis[admīror], f.,admiration,wonderment,astonishment.admīror, seemīror.admittō, seemittō.admodum[ad+modus], adv.,up to the full limit,very,exceedingly.adnītor, seenītor.adnotō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+notō,to mark],to observe,remark.adoleō, ēre, uī[ad+oleō,to emit a smell],to turn to vapor,burn.adoptiō, ōnīs[adoptō], f.,adoption.adoptō, seeoptō.adōrō, seeōrō.adrigō, seeregō.adsentor, seesentiō.adserō, see*serō.adsertor, ōris[adserō], m.,a claimant.adsessor, ōris[adsideō,to sit by], m.,an assistant,aid;legal adviser.adspiciō, see*speciō.adsurgo, ere, surrēxī, surrēctus[ad+surgō(sub+regō),to rise],to rise,arise.adulēscēns, entis[adolēscō,to grow up], m.,young; as substantive,a young man.adventō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+ventō, intens. ofveniō],to arrive.adventus, ūs[adveniō,to arrive], m.,arrival.adversus, a, um[advertō,to turn to], adj.,turned to or towards;opposed to,adverse.adversusandadversum, prep. with accus.,facing,in opposition to,against.advocātus, ī[advocō,to call to aid], m.,a pleader,advocate;aider,helper.advolō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+volō,to fly],to fly to,hurry on,rush.aedificō, āre, āvī, ātus[aedis+faciō],to build.aedīlīcius, ī[aedīlis,aedile, a Roman magistrate], m.,one who has been an aedile.aeger, gra, grum, adj.,sick,feeble.aegrē[aeger], adv.,with difficulty,scarcely.aegritūdō, inis[aeger], f.,sickness,grief,vexation,mortification.aegrōtō, āre, āvī[aeger],to be sick,languid,pine.Aegyptus, ī, m.,Egypt.Aeliānus, ī, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.Aelius, ī, m., seeHadriānus.Aemiliānus, ī, m., the governor of Pannonia and Moesia in the reign of Gallus, Roman emperor, 253A.D.Aemilius, ī, m, the name of a Roman gens. 1.Lūcius Aemilius, consul 224B.C.2.Mārcus Aemilius(Mamercus), dictator. SeeLepidus, Paulus.aemula, ae[aemulus], f.,a rival.aemulor, ārī, ātus sum[aemulus],to rival,vie with,emulate.aemulus, a, um, adj.,striving earnestly after,emulating,rivaling;envious.aēneüs, a, um[aes,copper], adj.,of copper,bronze.aequālis, e[aequus], adj.,equal,like; as subst.,a companion.Aequī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Aequi, a people dwelling in the upper valley of the Aniō, in the mountains forming the eastern boundary of Latium.aequitās, ātis[aequus], f.,evenness,fairness,justice.aequō, āre, āvī, ātus[aequus],to make even,place on an equality.aequus, a, um, adj.,even,level;fair,just; aequō animō,impartially.aerārium, ī[aes,copper], n.,treasury,fund.aestās, ātis, f.,summer.aetās, ātis, f.,time of life,life;old age;period of time,time.Aetōlī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Aetolians, inhabitants of Aetolia, a division of Greece.aevum, ī, n.,period of life,life,age.Āfer, Āfrī, m.,an African, especially an inhabitant of Carthage.Āfranius, ī, m.,L. Afranius, a general of Pompey in Spain, killed in Africa, 46B.C.Āfrica, ae, f.,Africa; often the northern part of the continent, especially the part near Carthage.Āfricānus, ī, m., seeScīpiō.ager, agrī, m.,field,farm,estate;territory,land;the country.aggredior, see*gradior.āgnōscō, seenōscō.agō, agere, ēgī, āctus,to set in motion,drive,lead;act,do,perform;treat,deal;spend,pass time;grātiās agere,to give thanks.con—cōgō, ere, coēgī, coāctus,to drive together,collect;force.ex—exigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to drive out;complete;pass,end.re—redigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to drive back;reduce;render,bring.sub—subigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to drive under,put down,conquer.trāns—trānsigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to carry through,finish,settle,perform.agrestis, e[ager], adj.,of the fields,rustic; as subst.,countryman.Agrigentum, ī, n., a Greek colony in Sicily.Agrippa, ae, m.,M. (Vīpsānius) Agrippa, son-in-law of Atticus, minister of Augustus.Agrippīna, ae, f., a city in Belgic Gaul.āla, ae, f.,a wing,flank.Alamannī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Alamanni,a name applied to a confederacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main.Albānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Albānī, the inhabitants of Alba Longa in Latium; the inhabitants of Albania west of the Caspian Sea.Albīnus, ī, m., a family name at Rome. 1.Clōdius Albīnus, governor of Britain at the death of Commodus. He revolted, and was defeated and slain by Septimius Sevērus at Lugdūnum, 197A.D.2.Sp. Postumius (Albīnus), consul 344 and 321B.C.3.Aulus Postumius Albinus, consul 242B.C.4.L. Postumius Albīnus, consul 234 and 229B.C.5.Sp. Postumius Albinus, consul 186B.C.6.Sp. Postumius Albīnus, consul 110B.C.Albis, is, m., the river Elbe in Germany.Alexander, drī, m., Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, the conqueror of Persia;B.C.356-323.Alexander, drī, m., seeAurēlius.Alexandrīa, ae, f., a city in Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile, founded by Alexander the Great, 331B.C.Alexandrīnus, a, um, adj.,Alexandrine,pertaining to Alexandrīa.Algidus, ī, m., a mountain in Latium.aliās[alius], adv.,at another time,under other circumstances.aliēnus, a, um[alius], adj.,belonging to another,another’s.aliquamdiū[aliquis+diū], adv.,for a while,for some time.aliquantus, a, um, adj.,some,considerable.aliquī, quae, quod[alius+quī], indef. pron. adj.,some one or other,some,any.aliquis, qua, quid[alius+quis], indef. pron.,some one,something;any one,anything;some; as subst.,aliquid, n.,something,anything.aliquot[alius+quot], indef. indecl. adj.,some,several.alius, alia, aliud, adj.,another,other,different,else;alius … alius,one … one,another … another; pl.,some … others;longē aliam (aliō) atque,very different from.Allectus, ī, m., the chief officer of Carausius in Britain.Allia, ae, f., a small river flowing into the Tiber from the east about 11 miles north of Rome.Alma, ae, f., a mountain in Pannonia.Alpēs, ium, f.,the Alps.alter, altera, alterum, pron. adj.,one of two,the other,the second;alter … alter,the one … the other.Altīnum, ī, n., a town of the Veneti in the north of Italy at the mouth of the river Silis.altitūdō, inis[altus,high], f.,height,depth.amābilis, e[amō,to love], adj.,worthy of love,lovely,amiable.Amandus, ī, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.ambō, ae, ō, adj.,both.Ambrōnēs, um, pl. m., a Celtic people defeated by Marius near Aquae Sextiae in 102B.C.amīcitia, ae[amīcus], f.,friendship.amīcus, a, um[amō,to love], adj.,friendly;as subst.,amīcus, ī, m.,a friend.Amīsus, I, Gr. acc.Amīson, f., a coast city of Pontus, the residence of Mithradates the Great.āmittō, seemittō.amnis, is, m.,river,torrent,stream.amoenitās, ātis[amoenus], f.,pleasantness,agreeableness.amoenus, a, um[amō,to love], adj.,pleasing,charming.amor, ōris[amō,to love], m.,love;a beloved object,one’s love.amphitheātrum, ī, n.,amphitheater.amplē[amplus], adv.,largely.amplificō, āre, āvī, ātus[amplus+faciō],to increase,enlarge.ampliō, āre, āvī, ātus[amplus],to enlarge,magnify.amplius[amplus], comp. ofamplē,more,further.amplus, a, um, adj.,great,large;noble,distinguished.ancilla, ae, f.,a maid-slave,maid.Ancus, ī, m., seeMārcius.Andriscus, ī, m., a Persian who pretended to be the natural son of Perseus and assumed the name of Philip.angustia, ae[angustus,narrow], f.,narrowness; pl.,narrow places,a pass.Anicius, ī, m.,C. Anicius, praetor in the Third Macedonian war, 176-168B.C.Aniēn, ēnisorAniō, ōnis, m., a small tributary of the Tiber.animus, ī, m.,soul,mind;disposition,feelings;courage,spirit.Annius, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.annus, ī, m.,a year.annuus, a, um[annus], adj.,annual;lasting a year.ante, adv., of space,before,in front of; of time,before,previously,ago; prep. with accus., both of space and time,in front of,before.anteā[ante], adv.,before,formerly.Antemnātēs, um, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Antemnae, a Sabine town at the junction of the Anio and the Tiber.Anthemūsia, ae, f., a province of Mesopotamia.Antiochēnsēs, ium, m.,the inhabitants of Antioch.Antiochīa, ae, f., the capital city of Syria on the river Orontes.Antiochus, ī, m., kings of Syria. 1.Antiochus II., called Theos, 261-246B.C.2.Antiochus III., called the Great, 223-187B.C.3.Antiochus IV., called Epiphanes, 175-164B.C.antīquus, a, um[ante], adj.,old,belonging to a former time.Antōnīniānus, a, um, adj.,oforbelonging to the Antonines.Antōnīnus, ī, m., the name of a dynasty of Roman emperors. 1.T. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Fulvius Bōiōnius Pius, 138-161A.D.2.M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Vērus, 161-180A.D.3.L. Annius Antōnīnus Vērus, 161-169A.D.4.L. Antōnīnus Commodus, 180-193A.D.5.M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Bassānius Caracalla, 211-217A.D.6.M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus, Heliogabalus, 218-222A.D.Antōnius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. 1.C. Antōnius, consul 63B.C.2.L. Antōnius, consul 41B.C.3.M. Antōnius, the friend of Caesar and member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 44B.C.Anullīnus, ī, m., a Roman senator.ānulus, ī[dim. ofānus,a circle], m.,a ring.Aper, prī, m.,Arrius Aper, praetorian praefect. He was put to death by Diocletian, 284A.D.āperiō, see*pariō.Apollonia, ae, f., a city of Thrace on the Pontus Euxinus.Apollōnius, ī, m.,Apollōnius Chalcēdonius, calledDyscolus, “the ill-tempered.” A rhetorician.apoplēxis, is, f.,apoplexy.apparātus, ūs, m.,equipment,preparation;splendor,pomp.appareō, seepareō.appellō, seepellō.appetō, seepetō.Appiōn, ōnis, m.,Appiōn Ptolemaeus, king of Cyrene, 117-96B.C.Appius, ī, m., a praenomen especially common in the Claudian gens.Appius, a, um, adj.,Appian; especially thevia Appia, the famous road built by Appius Claudius the Censor, 312B.C.appōnō, seepōnō.apprīmē[prīmus], adv.,most of all.apud, prep. with acc., of place,near; of persons,with,among,in the presence of,at the house of; with the name of an author,in the works of.Āpūlia, ae, f., a district in the southeastern part of Italy.aqua, ae, f.,water.Aquilēia, ae, f., a city in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.Aquīlius, ī, m., seeFlōrus.Aquītānia, ae, f., a province of Gaul between the Garonne and the Pyrenees.Arabēs, ūm, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Arabia.Arabia, ae, f.,Arabia.Arabicus, a, um, adj.,belonging toorpertaining to Arabia, cognomen of Septimius Severus.arbitrium, ī[arbiter,judge], n.,judgment;will;power.*arceō, ēre, uī, —,to inclose;prohibit.con—coërceō, ēre, uī, itus,to shut in;restrain,check.ex—exerceō, ēre, uī, itus,to exercise,drill.Archelāus, ī, m., (1) a distinguished general of Mithradates. (2) Called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 36B.C.-14A.D.Ardea, ae, f., the capital city of the Rutuli, in Latium, about eighteen miles south of Rome.ārdeō, ēre, ārsī, ārsus,to be hot,burn;be eager,excited.argenteus, a, um[argentum], adj.,of silver.Argentorātum, ī, n., a city in Belgic Gaul.argentum, ī, n.,silver;money.Argī, ōrum, pl. m., the city of Argos in the eastern part of the Peloponnesus.Ariarātus, ī, m., called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 220-162B.C.Arīminum, ī, n., a town in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.Ariobarzēnēs, is, m., king of Cappadocia, 93-63B.C.Aristarchus, ī, m., made king of Colchis by Pompey.Aristō, ōnis, m., an Athenian philosopher who surrendered Athens to Mithradates, 87B.C.Aristobūlus, ī, m., king of Judea, taken captive by Pompey, 63B.C.Aristonīcus, ī, m., a natural son of Eumenes II., king of Pergamus.arma, ōrum, pl. n.,weapons;warfare.Armenēs, is, m., son of Nabis, a tyrant of Sparta.Armenia, ae, f., a country of Asia southeast of the Black Sea.Armenia Minor, the portion west of the Euphrates.Armeniacus, a, um, adj.,pertaining toorbelonging to Armenia.Armeniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Armenia.armō, āre, āvī, ātus[arma],to arm,equip;ārmatī,armed men,soldiers.Armoricum, ī, n., the northern part of Celtic Gaul.arō, āre, āvī, ātus,to plow.ars, artis, f.,skill,art,knowledge.ārsī, seeārdeō.Artacēs, is, m., a king of Hiberia, conquered by Pompey.Artaxata, ae, f., the capital city of Armenia Māior.Ārūns, ūntis, m., the son of Tarquinius Superbus.Arvernī, ōrum, pl. m., an important tribe of Celtic Gaul.Arzanēna, ae, f., a district of Armenia Maior, bounded on the south by the Tigris.ascendō, see*scandō.Asclēpiodotus, ī, m., a praetorian praefect during the reign of Diocletian.Asia, ae, f.,Asia;Asia Minor.Asiāgenēs, is, m., a Greek term for the LatinAsiāticus; cognomen ofL. Cornēlius Scīpiō, conqueror of Antiochus.Asina, ae, m. (1)Cn. Cornēlius Asina, consul 260B.C.(2)P. Cornēlius (Asina), consul 218B.C.Asinius, ī, m.,Hierius Asinius, leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war, 90B.C.asper, aspera, asperum, adj.,rough,bitter;violent,severe.asperitās, ātis[asper], f.,roughness,harshness.aspis, idis, f.,an asp,viper.assiduus, a, um[adsideō,to sit byornear], adj.,continually present,busied;diligent,persistent,faithful;continual,unceasing,unremitting.Assyria, ae, f., a division of Asia between Media, Mesopotamia, and Babylon.Ātella, ae, f., a small town in Campania.Athēnae, ārum, pl. f.,Athens, the chief city of Attica.Athēniēnsis, e, adj.,Athenian.Atīlius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeBulcus, Rēgulus.atque, ac(the latter used only before consonants), conj.,and,and especially,and even;than,as;simul ac,as soon as;idem ac,the same as;alius ac,other than;contrā atque,differently from what.atrōx, ōcis, adj.,savage,fierce,cruel,terrible.Attalus, ī, m., kings of Pergamus. 1.Attalus I., 241-197B.C.2.Attalus Philadelphus, 159-138B.C.3.Attalus Philometor, 138-133B.C.Attalus, ī, m., king of Paphlagonia.atterō, ere, trīvī, trītus[ad+terō,to rub],to rub against,rub away,wear;destroy,waste.attingō, see*tangō.attrītus, seeatterō.attulī, seeadferō.auctor, ōris[augeō], m.,producer,originator,cause.auctōritās, ātis[auctor], f.,authority,power;influence,weight,dignity.auctus, a, um, seeaugeō.audāx, ācis[audeō], adj.,bold,daring,audacious.audeō, ēre, ausus sum,to dare,attempt.audiō, īre, īvī, ītus,to hear,hear of,listen to.ob—oboediō, īre, īvī, ītus,to give ear to,hearken,listen;yield.audītōrium, ī[audiō], n.,a lecture hall.auferō, seeferō.Aufidius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeOrestēs.augeō, ēre, auxī, auctus,to increase,spread;praise,honor;enrich.Augustus, ī, m., a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27B.C., and after him to all the Roman emperors.Aureliānus, ī, m.,Lucius Domitius Aureliānus, Roman emperor, 270-275A.D.Aurēlius, a, um, adj.,Aurelian; esp.via Aurēlia, the Aurelian road.Aurēlius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens.Aurēlius Alexander, Roman emperor, 222-235A.D.SeeAntōnīnus, Cotta.aureus, a, um[aurum], adj.,golden,of gold;embroidered with gold.Aureus mōns, m., a mountain in Upper Moesia.aurum, ī, n.,gold.Aurunculēius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCotta.auspicium, ī [avis+*speciō], n.,divination by watching the flight, or noting the cries, of birds;an omen;auspices.ausus, seeaudeō.aut, conj.,or;aut … aut,either … or.autem, conj., always postpositive,but,however,moreover.auxilium, ī[augeō], n.,help,aid; pl.,auxiliary troops(usually foreign and light armed).avārē[avārus,greedy], adv.,greedily.avāritia, ae[avārus,greedy], f.,greed,avarice.Aventīnus, ī, m. (sc.mōns),the Aventine, one of the seven hills of Rome.āvertō, see*vertō.avidus, a, um, adj., comp.avidior,desirous,eager,greedy.avis, is, f.,bird.avunculus, ī[dim. ofavus], m.,mother’s brother,uncle.avus, ī, m.,grandfather,ancestor.B.Babylōn, ōnis, f., capital city of the Babylonian-Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates.Bacaudae, ārum, pl. m., the name of the revolting peasants in Gaul in the reign of Diocletian.Balbīnus, ī, m.,(D. Caelius) Balbīnuswas elected emperor by the Senate, but was slain by the soldiers at Rome, 238A.D.barbaria, ae[barbarus], f., a strange land, a foreign country (opposed to Greece and Italy).barbaricus, a, um[barbarus], adj.,foreign,strange; as subst.,Barbaricum, ī, n.,strange land.barbarus, a, um, adj.,foreign,barbarous,barbarian; as subst.,barbarī, ōrum, pl. m.,foreigners,barbarians.Bassiānus, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.Bassus, ī, m.,L. (P.) Ventidius Bassus, a Roman general who gained several victories over the Parthians. Consul 43B.C.Basternae, ārum, pl. m., a warlike German people living near the mouth of the Danube.beātus, a, um[beō,to bless], adj.,blessed,happy,prosperous.Bēdriacum, ī, n., a small town in Cisalpine Gaul.Belgicus, a, um, adj.,Belgic;Gallia Belgica, or absol.Belgica, the northern part of Gaul between the Rhine and the Seine.bellicōsus, a, um[bellicus], adj.,warlike,fond of war,fierce.bellicus, a, um[bellum], adj.,pertaining to war,military,martial.bellō, āre, āvī, ātus[bellum],to wage war.re—rebellō, āre, āvī, ātus,to wage war again,rebel.bellum, ī[forduellum, fromduo], n.,war,warfare.bene[bonus], adv., comp.melius, sup.optimē;well,successfully.Beneventum, ī, n., a city in Campania in Italy.benīgnitās, ātis[benīgnus], f.,good-will,kindness.benīgnus, a, um, adj.,kind,favorable.Berenīcē, ēs, f., a city in Cyrenaica in Africa.Bessī, ōrum, pl. m., a mountain tribe of Thrace.Bēstia, ae, m.,L. Calpurnius Bēstia, consul 111B.C.bēstia, ae, f.,a beast,animal.bibō, ere, bibī, —,to drink.Bibulus, ī, m.,L. (Calpurnius) Bibulus, consul with Caesar 59B.C.biennium, ī[bis+annus], n.,two years’ time.bīnī, ae, a[bis], dist. num. adj.,two by two,two each.bis[duis; cf.duo], num. adv.,twice.Bīthȳnia, ae, f., a country in Asia Minor, on the Propontis and Black Sea.Bituītus, ī, m., a king of the Arverni in Gaul.Blaesus, ī, m.,C. Semprōnius Blaesus, consul 253B.C.blanditia, ae, f.,flattery; in pl.,blandishments,allurements.blatteus, a, um[blatta,purple], adj.,purple-colored.blattinus, a, um[blatta,purple], adj.,purple-colored.Bocchus, ī, m., a king of Mauretania, father-in-law of Jugurtha.Bōiōnius, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.bonitās, ātis[bonus], f.,goodness.Bononia, ae, f., a city in Belgic Gaul, now Boulogne.Bonōsus, ī, m., a Spaniard who usurped the imperial title in Gaul in the reign of Probus, 281A.D.bonus, a, um, adj., comp.melior, sup.optimus;good,advantageous,friendly;bonō animō esse,to feel friendly; as subst.,bonum, ī, n.,profit;bonī, ōrum, pl. m.,good men,loyal citizens;bona, ōrum, pl. n.,goods.Bosporānī, ōrum, pl. m., dwelling on the Cimmerian Bosporus.Bosporus, ī, m. 1.Cimmerius Bosporus, the strait leading from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. 2. A city in the Crimea on the Cimmerian Bosporus.bracchium, ī, n.,an arm.breviārium, ī[brevis], n.,a summary,abridgment,epitome.brevis, e, adj.,short,brief.brevitās, ātis[brevis], f.,shortness.Britannicus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Britain,British; as subst.,Britannicus, ī, m., son of the emperor Claudius and Messalina.Britannī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Britain,Britons.Britannia, ae, f.,Britain, England and Scotland; in the pl. includes Ireland.Brundisīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of the city of Brundisium, in Calabria.Bruttiī, ōrum, pl. m., a people in the southwestern part of Italy.Brūtus, ī, m., a family name at Rome. 1.D. Iūnius Brūtus.He conquered the Callaeci and Lusitani, and won the name of Callaecus in consequence. Consul 138B.C.2.L. Iūnius Brūtus, nephew of Tarquinius Superbus, consul with Collatinus 509B.C.3.(M. Iūnius) Brūtus, one of the murderers of Caesar.Budalia, ae, f., a town in Lower Pannonia, the birthplace of the emperor Decius.Bulcus, ī, m.,C. Atīlius Bulcus, consul 237B.C.Burdigala, ae, f., a city in Aquitania, now Bordeaux.Burziaonē, ēs, f., a city in the modern Bulgaria.Bȳzantium, ī, n., a city on the Thracian Bosporus, later Constantinople.C.C., abbreviation of the praenomenGaius.C.＝centum, 100.Cabīra, ōrum, pl. n., a city in Pontus, on the border of Armenia.Cabylē, ēs, f., a town in Thrace.cadāver, eris[cadō], n.,a corpse.cadō, ere, cecidī, casūrus,to fall,be killed,die;happen.ad—accidō, ere, cidī, —,to happen,befall,come to pass.con—concidō, ere, cidī, —,to fall,be slain,perish.in—incidō, ere, cidī, —,to fall,fall in with,meet;happen.Caecilius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. Q.Caecilius, consul 206B.C.SeeMetellus.Caecus, ī, m.,Appius Claudius (Caecus), consul 307B.C.caedēs, is[caedō], f.,killing,slaughter,massacre.caedo, ere, cecīdī, caesus,to cut,cut to pieces;kill,conquer,rout;virgīs caedere,flog.ex—excīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut out,cut down,cut off;demolish,lay waste.ob—occīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut down,kill,slay.Caelius, a, um, adj.,Caelian;Caelius Mōns,the Caelian Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.caelum, ī, n.,heaven,sky.Caenīnēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Caenīna, a town of the Sabines.Caenophrūrium, ī, n., a town in Thrace.Caepiō, ōnis, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.Cn. Servīlius Caepiō, consul 253B.C.2.Q. (Cn.) Servīlius Caepiō, consul 140B.C.3.Q. (Servīlius) Caepiō, consul 106B.C.Caesar, aris, m., a family name in the Julian gens. 1.C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator. See Notes, p. 144. 2.Sex. Iūlius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91B.C.3.C. Octāviānus, seeAugustus, Octāviānus.Caesarēa, ae, f., the name given to several cities founded in honor of the Caesars.1.Caesarēain Cappadocia. 2.Caesarēain Mauretania. 3.Caesarēain Palestine.caesus, a, um, seecaedō.Calābria, ae, f., a division of southern Italy.calamitās, ātis, f.,a calamity,defeat.calceāmentum, ī, n.,a shoe.calidus, a, um, adj., comp.calidior;warm,hot.Caligula, ae, m.,C. Caesar, surnamedCaligula, Roman emperor 37-41A.D.Callaecī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of the northern part of Spain.Callatis, is, f., a town in Moesia, on the Black Sea.callidē[callidus,shrewd], adv.,keenly,shrewdly.Callinīcum, ī, m., a city in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates.Calpurnius, ī, m., seeBēstia.Calvīnus, ī, m.,Sex. Domitius Calvīnus, consul 127B.C.calx, cis, f.,limestone,lime;the goal of the race-course.Camillus, ī, m., 1.(M.) Fūrius Camillus, a famous Roman hero. 2.L. Fūrius (Camillus), consul 349B.C.Campānia, ae, f., a district of Italy on the western side, south of Latium.campus, ī,a plain;Campus Mārtius, the level space north of the Capitoline Hill at Rome; it was outside of the walls in the earliest times, and served as a place for exercise.Canīna, ae, m.,C. Claudius Canīna, consul 273B.C.Cannae, ārum, pl. f., a small town in Apulia, where one of the most important battles of the Second Punic War was fought, 216B.C.Cantabria, ae, f., a division in the northern part of Spain.cantō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcanō,to sing],to produce melodious sounds,sing.capiō, ere, cēpī, captus,to take,get,seize,capture,arrive at;consilium capere,to form a plan.ad—accipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to accept,receive;listen to,learn.dē—dēcipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in,catch,deceive,cheat.ex—excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take out,except,take up;intercept,capture;receive.prae—praecipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to takebeforehand,foresee;bid,order,direct,instruct.re—recipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take back,receive;admit;sē recipere,to retreat.sub—suscipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up;admit,support;undertake,incur,undergo.Capitōlium, ī, n., the chief temple of Jupiter in Rome; the hill on which this stood, theMōns Capitōlīnus, the citadel as well as the chief sanctuary of Rome.Cappadocia, ae, f., a province in Asia Minor.Cappadox, ocis, m.,a Cappadocian.captīvus, a, um[capiō], adj.,captive; as subst.,captīvus, ī, m.,captīva, ae, f.,captive,prisoner of war.captus, a, um, seecapiō.Capua, ae, f., a Greek city near Naples, in Campania.caput, itis, n.,the head;a person,man;mouth(of a river);life.Caracalla, ae, m., seeM. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Bassiānus.Carausius, ī, m., a commander of the fleet under Maximian. He revolted, and after some time was slain, 293A.D.Carbō, ōnis, m., 1.Cn. (Papīrius) Carbō, consul 113B.C.2.(Cn.) Papīrius Carbō, consul 82B.C.carcer, eris, m.,prison.Cardueni, ōrum, pl. m., a powerful and warlike people in the southeastern part of Armenia Māior.careō, ēre, uī, itus,to be without,be free from,be destitute of;refrain from,abstain from.Carīnās, ātis, m.,C. Carīnās, a leader of the Marian party.Carīnus, ī, m., the son of the emperor Carus. He was associated with his father in the government.Carnuntum, ī, n., an ancient Celtic town in Upper Pannonia, on the Danube.Carpī, ōrum, pl. m., a German people living between the Carpathian mountains and the Danube.Carrae, ārum, pl. f., a city in Mesopotamia.Carthalō, ōnis, m., a leader of the Carthaginians, slain by Q. Fabius Maximus.Cārus, ī, m.,(M. Aurēlius) Cārus, Roman emperor, 282-283A.D.Casca, ae, m.,(P.) Servīlius Casca, consul 44B.C.Cassius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeLongīnus, Viscellīnus.castellum, ī[dim. fromcastrum], n.,a stronghold,castle,fort.castrum, ī, n.,a fortified place,town; pl.,castra, ōrum, pl. n.,a camp;a campaign.cāsus, ūs[cadō], m.,that which befalls;event,chance,misfortune,death.Catalaunī, ōrum, pl. m., a city in Belgic Gaul.catēna, ae, f.,a chain,fetter.catēnō, āre, āvī, ātus[catēna],to bind with chains.Catilīna, ae, m.,L. Sergius Catiline, a conspirator during the consulship of Cicerō, 63B.C.Catinēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Catina, orCatana, in Sicily.Catō, ōnis, m., a family name in the Porcian gens. 1.(M.) Porcius Catō, consul 89B.C.2.C. (Porcius) Catō, consul 114B.C.3.M. Porcius Catō, consul 118B.C.4.M. Porcius Catō Uticēnsis.Cattī, ōrum, pl. m., one of the most important nations in Germany, in Hesse, and Thuringia.Catulus, ī, m., a family name at Rome. 1.C. Lutātius Catulus, consul 242B.C.2.Q. Lutātius (Catulus), consul 241B.C.3.Q. Lutātius Catulus, consul 202B.C.4.Q. (Lutātius) Catulus, consul 78B.C.Caudex, icis, m.,Appius Claudius (Caudex), consul 264B.C.Caudīnus, a, um, adj.,Caudine;Furculae Caudīnae, the Caudine Forks, a narrow pass in the Samnite mountains.Caudium, ī, n., a town in Samnium.causa, ae, f.,reason,motive;pretext;case,state;causā, with gen. postpositive,for the sake of,on account of;causam dare,to occasion,cause.causidicus, ī[causa+dīcō], m.,a pleader,advocate,special pleader.cecidī, seecadō.cecīdī, seecaedō.cēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to move,yield,retreat.ad—accēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to move towards,draw near;be added;agree to,enter into.con—concēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to withdraw,retire,depart;submit;allow,grant,concede.dē—dēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to go away,withdraw,depart;to die(sc.vītā).in—incēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to advance,approach;march;move slowly.inter—intercēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to go between;intervene;occur.prae—praecēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go before.prō—prōcēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to move forward,advance,make progress.re—recēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to move back,withdraw,retire,retreat.sub—succēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to come up,advance;succeed,follow.celeber, bris, bre, adj., famous.celebrō, āre, āvī, ātus[celeber],to practice,repeat;celebrate.celeritās, ātis[celer,swift], f.,swiftness,speed,alertness.celerō, āre, —, —[celer,swift],to hasten.Celtiberia, ae, f., a mountainous country in the central part of Spain.cēna, ae, f., dinner, the principal meal of the Romans, taken about three o’clock.cēnō, āre, āvī, ātus[cēna],to dine,eat.cēnsor, ōris[cēnseō,to value], m.,censor, a Roman magistrate, elected every four years, to classify the citizens.Cēnsōrīnus, ī, m.,L. Mānlius Cēnsōrīnus, consul 149B.C.cēnsus, ūs[cēnseō,to value], m., the census, an enumeration and classification of the people according to wealth.centēnī, ae a, a[centum], distrib. num. adj.,a hundred each.centēsimus, a, um[centum], num. adj.,hundredth.centum, indecl. num. adj., a hundred.Centumalus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.Cn. Fulvius Centumalus, consul 229B.C.2.Cn. Fulvius (Centumalus), consul 211B.C.centuriō, ōnis[centum], m., a century, a division of the army or the people, containing a hundred men.cēpī, seecapiō.cernō, ere, crēvī, certus,to separate;see,perceive;decide,determine.dē—dēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to decide,determine;decree,vote,intrust(by a decree);contend,fight.certāmen, inis[certō,to fight], n.,a struggle,battle,engagement.certātim[certō,to fight], adv.,in rivalry,zealously.certē[certus,certain], adv.,certainly,surely.cessī, seecēdō.cessō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcēdō],to be inactive,loiter,delay;come to an end,cease.(cēterus), a, um[nom. sing. m. lacking], adj.,the rest,the others,others.Chaerōnēnsis, e, adj.,belonging to Chaerōnēa,a town in Boeotia.Chalcēdōn, ōnis, f., a Greek city in Bithynia.Chalcēdōnius, a, um, adj.,belonging to Chalcedon.chlamys, ydis, f.,a Grecian upper garment of wool,military cloak,state mantle.Christiānus, a, um, adj.,Christian;Christiāna religiō,Christianity.Cibalae, ārum, pl. f., a town in Pannonia.Cicerō, ōnis, m.,M. Tullius Cicerō, the famous orator, consul 63B.C.Cilicia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea.Cimbrī, ōrum, pl. m., a Germanic tribe which, together with the Teutones, invaded Italy, and was defeated by Marius, 101B.C.Cimbricus, a, um, adj.,Cimbrian.Cincinnātus, ī, m., a Roman family name. 1.L. Quīntius Cincinnātus, consul 460B.C.2.T. Quīntius Cincinnātus, conquered the Praenestini near the river Allia.Cīneas, ae, m., the friend and minister of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.cingō, ere, cīnxī, cīnctus,to encircle,surround;gird,gird on,equip;obsidiōne cingere,to blockade,besiege.Cinna, ae, m.,L. Cornelius Cinna, consul 87, 86B.C.circā, adv. and prep. with acc.,around,round about,throughout.Circēsium, ī, n., a city of Mesopotamia on the Euphrates.circueō, seecircumeō.circuitus, ūs[circumeō], m.,a going round,circuit,winding way.circumdūcō, seedūcō.circumeō, seeeō.circumferō, seeferō.circumlātus, seecircumferō.circus, ī, m.,a circle,inclosure for athletic sports, esp.chariot races;Circus Māximus, see Notes, p. 108.citharoedicus, a, um, adj.,oforpertaining to the citharoedī, those who play on the cithara, accompanying it with the voice.*citō, āre, āvī, ātus[intens. ofcieō,to cause to move],to rouse.con—concitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to arouse,urge,excite.ex—excitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to rouse forth,excite,stimulate.cito, adv.,quickly,speedily,soon.cīvīlis, e[cīvis], adj.,pertaining to a citizen;civil;polite,moderate.cīvīlissimē, seecīvīliter.cīvīlitās, ātis[cīvīlis], f.,the art of government,politics;courteousness,politeness,affability.cīvīliter[cīvīlis], adv., sup.cīvīlissimē;citizenlike, as becomes a private citizen.cīvis, is, m.,a citizen.cīvitās, ātis, f.,citizenship;state,community;city.clārē[clārus], adv.,clearly;loudly.clārēscō, ere, clarui, —[incho. ofclāreō,to be bright],to grow bright;become audible,sound clear;become illustrious,grow famous.clārus, a, um, adj.,bright;famous,renowned; of sound,clear,loud.classis, is, f.,a class or division of citizens;the navy;fleet.Claudius, ī, m., the name of one of the oldest and most famous of the Roman gentes. 1.Claudius I., Tib. Claudius Drusus Nero, Roman emperor, 41-54A.D.2.Claudius II., M. Aurelius Claudius Gothicus, Roman emperor, 268-270A.D.SeeCaecus,Canīna,Caudex,Crassus,Mārcellus,Nerō,Pulcher.Claudius, a, um, adj.,Claudian.claudō, ere, clausī, clausus,to shut,close,inclose.con—conclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut up,confine.ex—exclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut out,cut off,exclude.claustrum, ī[claudō], n.,a barrier,hindrance;frontier,fortress,point of control.clēmentia, ae[clēmēns,gentle], f.,mercifulness,forbearance,kindness.Cleopatra, ae, f., the famous queen of Egypt.clībanārius, ī, m.,a soldier clad in mail;a cuirassier.clipeus, ī, m.,a round shield, as distinguished fromscutum,an oblong shield.cloāca, ae, f.,a sewer drain.Clōdius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeAlbīnus.Cluentius, ī, m., a leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war.Clypea, ae, f., a fortified town in the northern part of Africa, near Carthage.Cn., abbreviation of the praenomenGnaeus.coāctus, seecōgō.Cōchē, ēs, f., a city on the Tigris, near Ctesiphon.coepī, isse, coeptus, defective verb,to begin.coërceō, see*arceō.coërcitor, ōris[coërceō], m.,one who restrains,an enforcer.cognitus, seecognōscō.cognōmen, inis[con+(g)nōmen], n.,a surname, a name added to the individual and clan names of a person, either as a title of honor, asAfricānus,Māgnus, or as a nickname, asCicerō.Cognōminaserved to distinguish different families of the same gens.cognōmentum, ī[cognōmen], n.,a surname(rare).cognōscō, seenōscō.cōgō, seeagō.Colchī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Colchis, in Asia.Collātīnus, ī, m.,(L.) Tarquinius Collātīnus, the husband of Lucretia, and one of the first two consuls, 509B.C.collīnus, a, um, [collis,a hill], adj.,pertaining to a hill,hilly;Porta Collīna, the Colline Gate.collum, ī, m.,neck.colō, ere, uī, cultus,to till,cultivate; dwell in; practice, cherish; clothe, adorn;honor,esteem.in—incolō, ere, uī, —,to dwell,settle,inhabit.colōnia, ae, [colō], f.,a colony,settlement.columna, ae, f.,a column,pillar.coma, ae, f.,hair.comes, itis[con+eō], m. and f.,a companion,comrade;attendant,follower.comētēs, ae, Gr. acc.comētēn, m.,a comet.Commāgēnē, ēs, f., a district in the northern part of Syria.commemorō, āre, āvī, ātus[con+memor,mindful],to call to mind,mention,tell.commendātiō, ōnīs[commendō], f.,commending,recommendation.commendō, seemandō.committō, seemittō.commodē[commodus], adv.,fitly,easily,properly,rightly.commodum, ī[commodus], n.,convenience,advantage,utility.Commodus, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.commodus, a, um[con+modus], adj.,in due measure,suitable,fit,convenient.commoror, ārī, ātus sum[con+moror,to delay],to tarry,linger,abide,remain.commoveō, seemoveō.commūnis, e[con+mūnus], adj.,common;ordinary;public;rēs commūnis,the public interest.compāreō, seepāreō.comparō, seeparō.comparō, āre, āvī, ātus[compār,like],to compare.compellō, seepellō.comperiō, see*pariō.compescō, ere, uī, —,to confine,hold in check,repress,curb,restrain.compleō, see*pleō.complexus, ūs[complector,to embrace], m.,surrounding,embrace.compōnō, seepōnō.compulī, seecompellō.computātiō, ōnis[computō,to sum up], f.,a reckoning.concēdō, seecēdō.concidō, seecadō.concitō, see*citō.concitor, ōris[concitō], m.,he who arouses,a stirrer up.
A., abbreviation of the praenomen Aulus.
ā, ab, abs(āonly before consonants orh, abbefore vowels and consonants,absusually only before t andq, especially frequent beforete), prep. with abl., 1, of place,from,away from,out of; 2, of time,from,since,after; 3, of agency,by; 4, of separation, source, cause,from,through,because of.
abdūcō, seedūcō.
abeō, seeeō.
aboleō, ēre, ēvī, itus[ab+oleō],to destroy,abolish,wipe out.
abrogō, seerogō.
absēns, sentis[orig. part. ofabsum], adj.,absent,away.
absimilis, e[ab+similis], adj.,unlike.
abstineō, seeteneō.
absum, seesum.
abundantia, ae[abundō,to overflow;ab + unda], f.,plenty,fullness,abundance.
ac, seeatque.
accēdō, seecēdō.
accidō, seecadō.
accipiō, seecapiō.
acclāmō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+clāmō,to shout],to shout loudly,exclaim.
ācer, ācris, ācre, comp.ācrior, sup.ācerrimus, adj.,sharp,bitter;keen,vigorous,fierce.
acerbē[acerbus], adv.,bitterly,cruelly,severely.
acerbitās, ātis[acerbus], f.,harshness,severity,unkindness.
acerbus, a, um, adj.,bitter,harsh,cruel.
Achaea, ae, f., a district in the Peloponnesus. Later the Roman province of Southern Greece.
Achillēs, is, m., a famous Greek chief at the siege of Troy, slain by Paris, the hero of the Iliad.
Achilleus, ī, m., he assumed the title of emperor under Diocletian, and reigned over Egypt for some time. He was taken prisoner by Diocletian, and was put to death, 296A.D.
aciēs, ēī, f.,the sharp point of a sword;battle line;battle.
Acilius, ī, m., seeGlabriō.
Actium, ī, n., a town in Epirus; a promontory near the town.
āctuārius, ī, m.,a secretary,shorthand writer.
āctus, a, um, seeagō.
ad, prep. with accus., 1, of place,to,towards,to the house of,at,near; 2, of time,up to,towards,until,at; 3, of purpose,to,in order to,for,for the sake of.
addō, seedō.
addūcō,seedūcō.
adēmī, ademptus, seeadimō.
adeō[ad+eō, adv.], adv.,to this point,so,very,to such a degree.
adeptus, seeadipīscor.
adfectātor, ōris[adfectō], m.,one that strives for.
adfectō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+fectō, freq. offaciō],to strive after,aspire to.
adferō, seeferō.
adficiō, seefaciō.
adfīnitās, ātis[ad+fīnis], f.,relationship(by marriage).
adflīgō, see*flīgō.
Adherbal, alis, m., a Numidian prince, son of Macipsa, slain by Jugurtha.
adhortor, ārī, ātus sum[ad+hortor,to urge],to encourage,exhort,stimulate,urge.
adhūc[ad+hūc], adv.,up to this time or place;still,although,yet.
Adiabēnī, ōrum, pl. m., the Adiabeni, a people living in the northern part of ancient Assyria.
Adiabēnicus, a, um, adj., a cognomen of the emperor Severus, a conqueror of the Adiabeni.
adimō, seeemō.
adipīscor, ī, adeptus sum[ad+apīscor,to gain],to get,obtain,reach.
adicio, see*iaciō.
adiungo, seeiungō.
adiūtor, ōris[adiūvō,to assist], m.,a helper,assistant,confederate.
administrātiō, ōnis[administrō], f.,management,government.
administrō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+ministrō,to manage],to manage,govern,regulate,carry on(war).
admīrātiō, ōnis[admīror], f.,admiration,wonderment,astonishment.
admīror, seemīror.
admittō, seemittō.
admodum[ad+modus], adv.,up to the full limit,very,exceedingly.
adnītor, seenītor.
adnotō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+notō,to mark],to observe,remark.
adoleō, ēre, uī[ad+oleō,to emit a smell],to turn to vapor,burn.
adoptiō, ōnīs[adoptō], f.,adoption.
adoptō, seeoptō.
adōrō, seeōrō.
adrigō, seeregō.
adsentor, seesentiō.
adserō, see*serō.
adsertor, ōris[adserō], m.,a claimant.
adsessor, ōris[adsideō,to sit by], m.,an assistant,aid;legal adviser.
adspiciō, see*speciō.
adsurgo, ere, surrēxī, surrēctus[ad+surgō(sub+regō),to rise],to rise,arise.
adulēscēns, entis[adolēscō,to grow up], m.,young; as substantive,a young man.
adventō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+ventō, intens. ofveniō],to arrive.
adventus, ūs[adveniō,to arrive], m.,arrival.
adversus, a, um[advertō,to turn to], adj.,turned to or towards;opposed to,adverse.
adversusandadversum, prep. with accus.,facing,in opposition to,against.
advocātus, ī[advocō,to call to aid], m.,a pleader,advocate;aider,helper.
advolō, āre, āvī, ātus[ad+volō,to fly],to fly to,hurry on,rush.
aedificō, āre, āvī, ātus[aedis+faciō],to build.
aedīlīcius, ī[aedīlis,aedile, a Roman magistrate], m.,one who has been an aedile.
aeger, gra, grum, adj.,sick,feeble.
aegrē[aeger], adv.,with difficulty,scarcely.
aegritūdō, inis[aeger], f.,sickness,grief,vexation,mortification.
aegrōtō, āre, āvī[aeger],to be sick,languid,pine.
Aegyptus, ī, m.,Egypt.
Aeliānus, ī, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.
Aelius, ī, m., seeHadriānus.
Aemiliānus, ī, m., the governor of Pannonia and Moesia in the reign of Gallus, Roman emperor, 253A.D.
Aemilius, ī, m, the name of a Roman gens. 1.Lūcius Aemilius, consul 224B.C.2.Mārcus Aemilius(Mamercus), dictator. SeeLepidus, Paulus.
aemula, ae[aemulus], f.,a rival.
aemulor, ārī, ātus sum[aemulus],to rival,vie with,emulate.
aemulus, a, um, adj.,striving earnestly after,emulating,rivaling;envious.
aēneüs, a, um[aes,copper], adj.,of copper,bronze.
aequālis, e[aequus], adj.,equal,like; as subst.,a companion.
Aequī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Aequi, a people dwelling in the upper valley of the Aniō, in the mountains forming the eastern boundary of Latium.
aequitās, ātis[aequus], f.,evenness,fairness,justice.
aequō, āre, āvī, ātus[aequus],to make even,place on an equality.
aequus, a, um, adj.,even,level;fair,just; aequō animō,impartially.
aerārium, ī[aes,copper], n.,treasury,fund.
aestās, ātis, f.,summer.
aetās, ātis, f.,time of life,life;old age;period of time,time.
Aetōlī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Aetolians, inhabitants of Aetolia, a division of Greece.
aevum, ī, n.,period of life,life,age.
Āfer, Āfrī, m.,an African, especially an inhabitant of Carthage.
Āfranius, ī, m.,L. Afranius, a general of Pompey in Spain, killed in Africa, 46B.C.
Āfrica, ae, f.,Africa; often the northern part of the continent, especially the part near Carthage.
Āfricānus, ī, m., seeScīpiō.
ager, agrī, m.,field,farm,estate;territory,land;the country.
aggredior, see*gradior.
āgnōscō, seenōscō.
agō, agere, ēgī, āctus,to set in motion,drive,lead;act,do,perform;treat,deal;spend,pass time;grātiās agere,to give thanks.con—cōgō, ere, coēgī, coāctus,to drive together,collect;force.ex—exigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to drive out;complete;pass,end.re—redigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to drive back;reduce;render,bring.sub—subigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to drive under,put down,conquer.trāns—trānsigō, ere, ēgī, āctus,to carry through,finish,settle,perform.
agrestis, e[ager], adj.,of the fields,rustic; as subst.,countryman.
Agrigentum, ī, n., a Greek colony in Sicily.
Agrippa, ae, m.,M. (Vīpsānius) Agrippa, son-in-law of Atticus, minister of Augustus.
Agrippīna, ae, f., a city in Belgic Gaul.
āla, ae, f.,a wing,flank.
Alamannī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Alamanni,a name applied to a confederacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main.
Albānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Albānī, the inhabitants of Alba Longa in Latium; the inhabitants of Albania west of the Caspian Sea.
Albīnus, ī, m., a family name at Rome. 1.Clōdius Albīnus, governor of Britain at the death of Commodus. He revolted, and was defeated and slain by Septimius Sevērus at Lugdūnum, 197A.D.2.Sp. Postumius (Albīnus), consul 344 and 321B.C.3.Aulus Postumius Albinus, consul 242B.C.4.L. Postumius Albīnus, consul 234 and 229B.C.5.Sp. Postumius Albinus, consul 186B.C.6.Sp. Postumius Albīnus, consul 110B.C.
Albis, is, m., the river Elbe in Germany.
Alexander, drī, m., Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, the conqueror of Persia;B.C.356-323.
Alexander, drī, m., seeAurēlius.
Alexandrīa, ae, f., a city in Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile, founded by Alexander the Great, 331B.C.
Alexandrīnus, a, um, adj.,Alexandrine,pertaining to Alexandrīa.
Algidus, ī, m., a mountain in Latium.
aliās[alius], adv.,at another time,under other circumstances.
aliēnus, a, um[alius], adj.,belonging to another,another’s.
aliquamdiū[aliquis+diū], adv.,for a while,for some time.
aliquantus, a, um, adj.,some,considerable.
aliquī, quae, quod[alius+quī], indef. pron. adj.,some one or other,some,any.
aliquis, qua, quid[alius+quis], indef. pron.,some one,something;any one,anything;some; as subst.,aliquid, n.,something,anything.
aliquot[alius+quot], indef. indecl. adj.,some,several.
alius, alia, aliud, adj.,another,other,different,else;alius … alius,one … one,another … another; pl.,some … others;longē aliam (aliō) atque,very different from.
Allectus, ī, m., the chief officer of Carausius in Britain.
Allia, ae, f., a small river flowing into the Tiber from the east about 11 miles north of Rome.
Alma, ae, f., a mountain in Pannonia.
Alpēs, ium, f.,the Alps.
alter, altera, alterum, pron. adj.,one of two,the other,the second;alter … alter,the one … the other.
Altīnum, ī, n., a town of the Veneti in the north of Italy at the mouth of the river Silis.
altitūdō, inis[altus,high], f.,height,depth.
amābilis, e[amō,to love], adj.,worthy of love,lovely,amiable.
Amandus, ī, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.
ambō, ae, ō, adj.,both.
Ambrōnēs, um, pl. m., a Celtic people defeated by Marius near Aquae Sextiae in 102B.C.
amīcitia, ae[amīcus], f.,friendship.
amīcus, a, um[amō,to love], adj.,friendly;as subst.,amīcus, ī, m.,a friend.
Amīsus, I, Gr. acc.Amīson, f., a coast city of Pontus, the residence of Mithradates the Great.
āmittō, seemittō.
amnis, is, m.,river,torrent,stream.
amoenitās, ātis[amoenus], f.,pleasantness,agreeableness.
amoenus, a, um[amō,to love], adj.,pleasing,charming.
amor, ōris[amō,to love], m.,love;a beloved object,one’s love.
amphitheātrum, ī, n.,amphitheater.
amplē[amplus], adv.,largely.
amplificō, āre, āvī, ātus[amplus+faciō],to increase,enlarge.
ampliō, āre, āvī, ātus[amplus],to enlarge,magnify.
amplius[amplus], comp. ofamplē,more,further.
amplus, a, um, adj.,great,large;noble,distinguished.
ancilla, ae, f.,a maid-slave,maid.
Ancus, ī, m., seeMārcius.
Andriscus, ī, m., a Persian who pretended to be the natural son of Perseus and assumed the name of Philip.
angustia, ae[angustus,narrow], f.,narrowness; pl.,narrow places,a pass.
Anicius, ī, m.,C. Anicius, praetor in the Third Macedonian war, 176-168B.C.
Aniēn, ēnisorAniō, ōnis, m., a small tributary of the Tiber.
animus, ī, m.,soul,mind;disposition,feelings;courage,spirit.
Annius, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.
annus, ī, m.,a year.
annuus, a, um[annus], adj.,annual;lasting a year.
ante, adv., of space,before,in front of; of time,before,previously,ago; prep. with accus., both of space and time,in front of,before.
anteā[ante], adv.,before,formerly.
Antemnātēs, um, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Antemnae, a Sabine town at the junction of the Anio and the Tiber.
Anthemūsia, ae, f., a province of Mesopotamia.
Antiochēnsēs, ium, m.,the inhabitants of Antioch.
Antiochīa, ae, f., the capital city of Syria on the river Orontes.
Antiochus, ī, m., kings of Syria. 1.Antiochus II., called Theos, 261-246B.C.2.Antiochus III., called the Great, 223-187B.C.3.Antiochus IV., called Epiphanes, 175-164B.C.
antīquus, a, um[ante], adj.,old,belonging to a former time.
Antōnīniānus, a, um, adj.,oforbelonging to the Antonines.
Antōnīnus, ī, m., the name of a dynasty of Roman emperors. 1.T. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Fulvius Bōiōnius Pius, 138-161A.D.2.M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Vērus, 161-180A.D.3.L. Annius Antōnīnus Vērus, 161-169A.D.4.L. Antōnīnus Commodus, 180-193A.D.5.M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Bassānius Caracalla, 211-217A.D.6.M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus, Heliogabalus, 218-222A.D.
Antōnius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. 1.C. Antōnius, consul 63B.C.2.L. Antōnius, consul 41B.C.3.M. Antōnius, the friend of Caesar and member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 44B.C.
Anullīnus, ī, m., a Roman senator.
ānulus, ī[dim. ofānus,a circle], m.,a ring.
Aper, prī, m.,Arrius Aper, praetorian praefect. He was put to death by Diocletian, 284A.D.
āperiō, see*pariō.
Apollonia, ae, f., a city of Thrace on the Pontus Euxinus.
Apollōnius, ī, m.,Apollōnius Chalcēdonius, calledDyscolus, “the ill-tempered.” A rhetorician.
apoplēxis, is, f.,apoplexy.
apparātus, ūs, m.,equipment,preparation;splendor,pomp.
appareō, seepareō.
appellō, seepellō.
appetō, seepetō.
Appiōn, ōnis, m.,Appiōn Ptolemaeus, king of Cyrene, 117-96B.C.
Appius, ī, m., a praenomen especially common in the Claudian gens.
Appius, a, um, adj.,Appian; especially thevia Appia, the famous road built by Appius Claudius the Censor, 312B.C.
appōnō, seepōnō.
apprīmē[prīmus], adv.,most of all.
apud, prep. with acc., of place,near; of persons,with,among,in the presence of,at the house of; with the name of an author,in the works of.
Āpūlia, ae, f., a district in the southeastern part of Italy.
aqua, ae, f.,water.
Aquilēia, ae, f., a city in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.
Aquīlius, ī, m., seeFlōrus.
Aquītānia, ae, f., a province of Gaul between the Garonne and the Pyrenees.
Arabēs, ūm, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Arabia.
Arabia, ae, f.,Arabia.
Arabicus, a, um, adj.,belonging toorpertaining to Arabia, cognomen of Septimius Severus.
arbitrium, ī[arbiter,judge], n.,judgment;will;power.
*arceō, ēre, uī, —,to inclose;prohibit.con—coërceō, ēre, uī, itus,to shut in;restrain,check.ex—exerceō, ēre, uī, itus,to exercise,drill.
Archelāus, ī, m., (1) a distinguished general of Mithradates. (2) Called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 36B.C.-14A.D.
Ardea, ae, f., the capital city of the Rutuli, in Latium, about eighteen miles south of Rome.
ārdeō, ēre, ārsī, ārsus,to be hot,burn;be eager,excited.
argenteus, a, um[argentum], adj.,of silver.
Argentorātum, ī, n., a city in Belgic Gaul.
argentum, ī, n.,silver;money.
Argī, ōrum, pl. m., the city of Argos in the eastern part of the Peloponnesus.
Ariarātus, ī, m., called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 220-162B.C.
Arīminum, ī, n., a town in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.
Ariobarzēnēs, is, m., king of Cappadocia, 93-63B.C.
Aristarchus, ī, m., made king of Colchis by Pompey.
Aristō, ōnis, m., an Athenian philosopher who surrendered Athens to Mithradates, 87B.C.
Aristobūlus, ī, m., king of Judea, taken captive by Pompey, 63B.C.
Aristonīcus, ī, m., a natural son of Eumenes II., king of Pergamus.
arma, ōrum, pl. n.,weapons;warfare.
Armenēs, is, m., son of Nabis, a tyrant of Sparta.
Armenia, ae, f., a country of Asia southeast of the Black Sea.Armenia Minor, the portion west of the Euphrates.
Armeniacus, a, um, adj.,pertaining toorbelonging to Armenia.
Armeniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Armenia.
armō, āre, āvī, ātus[arma],to arm,equip;ārmatī,armed men,soldiers.
Armoricum, ī, n., the northern part of Celtic Gaul.
arō, āre, āvī, ātus,to plow.
ars, artis, f.,skill,art,knowledge.
ārsī, seeārdeō.
Artacēs, is, m., a king of Hiberia, conquered by Pompey.
Artaxata, ae, f., the capital city of Armenia Māior.
Ārūns, ūntis, m., the son of Tarquinius Superbus.
Arvernī, ōrum, pl. m., an important tribe of Celtic Gaul.
Arzanēna, ae, f., a district of Armenia Maior, bounded on the south by the Tigris.
ascendō, see*scandō.
Asclēpiodotus, ī, m., a praetorian praefect during the reign of Diocletian.
Asia, ae, f.,Asia;Asia Minor.
Asiāgenēs, is, m., a Greek term for the LatinAsiāticus; cognomen ofL. Cornēlius Scīpiō, conqueror of Antiochus.
Asina, ae, m. (1)Cn. Cornēlius Asina, consul 260B.C.(2)P. Cornēlius (Asina), consul 218B.C.
Asinius, ī, m.,Hierius Asinius, leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war, 90B.C.
asper, aspera, asperum, adj.,rough,bitter;violent,severe.
asperitās, ātis[asper], f.,roughness,harshness.
aspis, idis, f.,an asp,viper.
assiduus, a, um[adsideō,to sit byornear], adj.,continually present,busied;diligent,persistent,faithful;continual,unceasing,unremitting.
Assyria, ae, f., a division of Asia between Media, Mesopotamia, and Babylon.
Ātella, ae, f., a small town in Campania.
Athēnae, ārum, pl. f.,Athens, the chief city of Attica.
Athēniēnsis, e, adj.,Athenian.
Atīlius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeBulcus, Rēgulus.
atque, ac(the latter used only before consonants), conj.,and,and especially,and even;than,as;simul ac,as soon as;idem ac,the same as;alius ac,other than;contrā atque,differently from what.
atrōx, ōcis, adj.,savage,fierce,cruel,terrible.
Attalus, ī, m., kings of Pergamus. 1.Attalus I., 241-197B.C.2.Attalus Philadelphus, 159-138B.C.3.Attalus Philometor, 138-133B.C.
Attalus, ī, m., king of Paphlagonia.
atterō, ere, trīvī, trītus[ad+terō,to rub],to rub against,rub away,wear;destroy,waste.
attingō, see*tangō.
attrītus, seeatterō.
attulī, seeadferō.
auctor, ōris[augeō], m.,producer,originator,cause.
auctōritās, ātis[auctor], f.,authority,power;influence,weight,dignity.
auctus, a, um, seeaugeō.
audāx, ācis[audeō], adj.,bold,daring,audacious.
audeō, ēre, ausus sum,to dare,attempt.
audiō, īre, īvī, ītus,to hear,hear of,listen to.ob—oboediō, īre, īvī, ītus,to give ear to,hearken,listen;yield.
audītōrium, ī[audiō], n.,a lecture hall.
auferō, seeferō.
Aufidius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeOrestēs.
augeō, ēre, auxī, auctus,to increase,spread;praise,honor;enrich.
Augustus, ī, m., a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27B.C., and after him to all the Roman emperors.
Aureliānus, ī, m.,Lucius Domitius Aureliānus, Roman emperor, 270-275A.D.
Aurēlius, a, um, adj.,Aurelian; esp.via Aurēlia, the Aurelian road.
Aurēlius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens.Aurēlius Alexander, Roman emperor, 222-235A.D.SeeAntōnīnus, Cotta.
aureus, a, um[aurum], adj.,golden,of gold;embroidered with gold.
Aureus mōns, m., a mountain in Upper Moesia.
aurum, ī, n.,gold.
Aurunculēius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCotta.
auspicium, ī [avis+*speciō], n.,divination by watching the flight, or noting the cries, of birds;an omen;auspices.
ausus, seeaudeō.
aut, conj.,or;aut … aut,either … or.
autem, conj., always postpositive,but,however,moreover.
auxilium, ī[augeō], n.,help,aid; pl.,auxiliary troops(usually foreign and light armed).
avārē[avārus,greedy], adv.,greedily.
avāritia, ae[avārus,greedy], f.,greed,avarice.
Aventīnus, ī, m. (sc.mōns),the Aventine, one of the seven hills of Rome.
āvertō, see*vertō.
avidus, a, um, adj., comp.avidior,desirous,eager,greedy.
avis, is, f.,bird.
avunculus, ī[dim. ofavus], m.,mother’s brother,uncle.
avus, ī, m.,grandfather,ancestor.
Babylōn, ōnis, f., capital city of the Babylonian-Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates.
Bacaudae, ārum, pl. m., the name of the revolting peasants in Gaul in the reign of Diocletian.
Balbīnus, ī, m.,(D. Caelius) Balbīnuswas elected emperor by the Senate, but was slain by the soldiers at Rome, 238A.D.
barbaria, ae[barbarus], f., a strange land, a foreign country (opposed to Greece and Italy).
barbaricus, a, um[barbarus], adj.,foreign,strange; as subst.,Barbaricum, ī, n.,strange land.
barbarus, a, um, adj.,foreign,barbarous,barbarian; as subst.,barbarī, ōrum, pl. m.,foreigners,barbarians.
Bassiānus, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.
Bassus, ī, m.,L. (P.) Ventidius Bassus, a Roman general who gained several victories over the Parthians. Consul 43B.C.
Basternae, ārum, pl. m., a warlike German people living near the mouth of the Danube.
beātus, a, um[beō,to bless], adj.,blessed,happy,prosperous.
Bēdriacum, ī, n., a small town in Cisalpine Gaul.
Belgicus, a, um, adj.,Belgic;Gallia Belgica, or absol.Belgica, the northern part of Gaul between the Rhine and the Seine.
bellicōsus, a, um[bellicus], adj.,warlike,fond of war,fierce.
bellicus, a, um[bellum], adj.,pertaining to war,military,martial.
bellō, āre, āvī, ātus[bellum],to wage war.re—rebellō, āre, āvī, ātus,to wage war again,rebel.
bellum, ī[forduellum, fromduo], n.,war,warfare.
bene[bonus], adv., comp.melius, sup.optimē;well,successfully.
Beneventum, ī, n., a city in Campania in Italy.
benīgnitās, ātis[benīgnus], f.,good-will,kindness.
benīgnus, a, um, adj.,kind,favorable.
Berenīcē, ēs, f., a city in Cyrenaica in Africa.
Bessī, ōrum, pl. m., a mountain tribe of Thrace.
Bēstia, ae, m.,L. Calpurnius Bēstia, consul 111B.C.
bēstia, ae, f.,a beast,animal.
bibō, ere, bibī, —,to drink.
Bibulus, ī, m.,L. (Calpurnius) Bibulus, consul with Caesar 59B.C.
biennium, ī[bis+annus], n.,two years’ time.
bīnī, ae, a[bis], dist. num. adj.,two by two,two each.
bis[duis; cf.duo], num. adv.,twice.
Bīthȳnia, ae, f., a country in Asia Minor, on the Propontis and Black Sea.
Bituītus, ī, m., a king of the Arverni in Gaul.
Blaesus, ī, m.,C. Semprōnius Blaesus, consul 253B.C.
blanditia, ae, f.,flattery; in pl.,blandishments,allurements.
blatteus, a, um[blatta,purple], adj.,purple-colored.
blattinus, a, um[blatta,purple], adj.,purple-colored.
Bocchus, ī, m., a king of Mauretania, father-in-law of Jugurtha.
Bōiōnius, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.
bonitās, ātis[bonus], f.,goodness.
Bononia, ae, f., a city in Belgic Gaul, now Boulogne.
Bonōsus, ī, m., a Spaniard who usurped the imperial title in Gaul in the reign of Probus, 281A.D.
bonus, a, um, adj., comp.melior, sup.optimus;good,advantageous,friendly;bonō animō esse,to feel friendly; as subst.,bonum, ī, n.,profit;bonī, ōrum, pl. m.,good men,loyal citizens;bona, ōrum, pl. n.,goods.
Bosporānī, ōrum, pl. m., dwelling on the Cimmerian Bosporus.
Bosporus, ī, m. 1.Cimmerius Bosporus, the strait leading from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. 2. A city in the Crimea on the Cimmerian Bosporus.
bracchium, ī, n.,an arm.
breviārium, ī[brevis], n.,a summary,abridgment,epitome.
brevis, e, adj.,short,brief.
brevitās, ātis[brevis], f.,shortness.
Britannicus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Britain,British; as subst.,Britannicus, ī, m., son of the emperor Claudius and Messalina.
Britannī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Britain,Britons.
Britannia, ae, f.,Britain, England and Scotland; in the pl. includes Ireland.
Brundisīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of the city of Brundisium, in Calabria.
Bruttiī, ōrum, pl. m., a people in the southwestern part of Italy.
Brūtus, ī, m., a family name at Rome. 1.D. Iūnius Brūtus.He conquered the Callaeci and Lusitani, and won the name of Callaecus in consequence. Consul 138B.C.2.L. Iūnius Brūtus, nephew of Tarquinius Superbus, consul with Collatinus 509B.C.3.(M. Iūnius) Brūtus, one of the murderers of Caesar.
Budalia, ae, f., a town in Lower Pannonia, the birthplace of the emperor Decius.
Bulcus, ī, m.,C. Atīlius Bulcus, consul 237B.C.
Burdigala, ae, f., a city in Aquitania, now Bordeaux.
Burziaonē, ēs, f., a city in the modern Bulgaria.
Bȳzantium, ī, n., a city on the Thracian Bosporus, later Constantinople.
C., abbreviation of the praenomenGaius.
C.＝centum, 100.
Cabīra, ōrum, pl. n., a city in Pontus, on the border of Armenia.
Cabylē, ēs, f., a town in Thrace.
cadāver, eris[cadō], n.,a corpse.
cadō, ere, cecidī, casūrus,to fall,be killed,die;happen.ad—accidō, ere, cidī, —,to happen,befall,come to pass.con—concidō, ere, cidī, —,to fall,be slain,perish.in—incidō, ere, cidī, —,to fall,fall in with,meet;happen.
Caecilius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. Q.Caecilius, consul 206B.C.SeeMetellus.
Caecus, ī, m.,Appius Claudius (Caecus), consul 307B.C.
caedēs, is[caedō], f.,killing,slaughter,massacre.
caedo, ere, cecīdī, caesus,to cut,cut to pieces;kill,conquer,rout;virgīs caedere,flog.ex—excīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut out,cut down,cut off;demolish,lay waste.ob—occīdō, ere, cīdī, cīsus,to cut down,kill,slay.
Caelius, a, um, adj.,Caelian;Caelius Mōns,the Caelian Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.
caelum, ī, n.,heaven,sky.
Caenīnēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Caenīna, a town of the Sabines.
Caenophrūrium, ī, n., a town in Thrace.
Caepiō, ōnis, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.Cn. Servīlius Caepiō, consul 253B.C.2.Q. (Cn.) Servīlius Caepiō, consul 140B.C.3.Q. (Servīlius) Caepiō, consul 106B.C.
Caesar, aris, m., a family name in the Julian gens. 1.C. Iūlius Caesar, the famous dictator. See Notes, p. 144. 2.Sex. Iūlius Caesar, uncle of the dictator. Consul 91B.C.3.C. Octāviānus, seeAugustus, Octāviānus.
Caesarēa, ae, f., the name given to several cities founded in honor of the Caesars.1.Caesarēain Cappadocia. 2.Caesarēain Mauretania. 3.Caesarēain Palestine.
caesus, a, um, seecaedō.
Calābria, ae, f., a division of southern Italy.
calamitās, ātis, f.,a calamity,defeat.
calceāmentum, ī, n.,a shoe.
calidus, a, um, adj., comp.calidior;warm,hot.
Caligula, ae, m.,C. Caesar, surnamedCaligula, Roman emperor 37-41A.D.
Callaecī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of the northern part of Spain.
Callatis, is, f., a town in Moesia, on the Black Sea.
callidē[callidus,shrewd], adv.,keenly,shrewdly.
Callinīcum, ī, m., a city in Mesopotamia, on the Euphrates.
Calpurnius, ī, m., seeBēstia.
Calvīnus, ī, m.,Sex. Domitius Calvīnus, consul 127B.C.
calx, cis, f.,limestone,lime;the goal of the race-course.
Camillus, ī, m., 1.(M.) Fūrius Camillus, a famous Roman hero. 2.L. Fūrius (Camillus), consul 349B.C.
Campānia, ae, f., a district of Italy on the western side, south of Latium.
campus, ī,a plain;Campus Mārtius, the level space north of the Capitoline Hill at Rome; it was outside of the walls in the earliest times, and served as a place for exercise.
Canīna, ae, m.,C. Claudius Canīna, consul 273B.C.
Cannae, ārum, pl. f., a small town in Apulia, where one of the most important battles of the Second Punic War was fought, 216B.C.
Cantabria, ae, f., a division in the northern part of Spain.
cantō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcanō,to sing],to produce melodious sounds,sing.
capiō, ere, cēpī, captus,to take,get,seize,capture,arrive at;consilium capere,to form a plan.ad—accipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to accept,receive;listen to,learn.dē—dēcipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take in,catch,deceive,cheat.ex—excipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take out,except,take up;intercept,capture;receive.prae—praecipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to takebeforehand,foresee;bid,order,direct,instruct.re—recipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take back,receive;admit;sē recipere,to retreat.sub—suscipiō, ere, cēpī, ceptus,to take up;admit,support;undertake,incur,undergo.
Capitōlium, ī, n., the chief temple of Jupiter in Rome; the hill on which this stood, theMōns Capitōlīnus, the citadel as well as the chief sanctuary of Rome.
Cappadocia, ae, f., a province in Asia Minor.
Cappadox, ocis, m.,a Cappadocian.
captīvus, a, um[capiō], adj.,captive; as subst.,captīvus, ī, m.,captīva, ae, f.,captive,prisoner of war.
captus, a, um, seecapiō.
Capua, ae, f., a Greek city near Naples, in Campania.
caput, itis, n.,the head;a person,man;mouth(of a river);life.
Caracalla, ae, m., seeM. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Bassiānus.
Carausius, ī, m., a commander of the fleet under Maximian. He revolted, and after some time was slain, 293A.D.
Carbō, ōnis, m., 1.Cn. (Papīrius) Carbō, consul 113B.C.2.(Cn.) Papīrius Carbō, consul 82B.C.
carcer, eris, m.,prison.
Cardueni, ōrum, pl. m., a powerful and warlike people in the southeastern part of Armenia Māior.
careō, ēre, uī, itus,to be without,be free from,be destitute of;refrain from,abstain from.
Carīnās, ātis, m.,C. Carīnās, a leader of the Marian party.
Carīnus, ī, m., the son of the emperor Carus. He was associated with his father in the government.
Carnuntum, ī, n., an ancient Celtic town in Upper Pannonia, on the Danube.
Carpī, ōrum, pl. m., a German people living between the Carpathian mountains and the Danube.
Carrae, ārum, pl. f., a city in Mesopotamia.
Carthalō, ōnis, m., a leader of the Carthaginians, slain by Q. Fabius Maximus.
Cārus, ī, m.,(M. Aurēlius) Cārus, Roman emperor, 282-283A.D.
Casca, ae, m.,(P.) Servīlius Casca, consul 44B.C.
Cassius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeLongīnus, Viscellīnus.
castellum, ī[dim. fromcastrum], n.,a stronghold,castle,fort.
castrum, ī, n.,a fortified place,town; pl.,castra, ōrum, pl. n.,a camp;a campaign.
cāsus, ūs[cadō], m.,that which befalls;event,chance,misfortune,death.
Catalaunī, ōrum, pl. m., a city in Belgic Gaul.
catēna, ae, f.,a chain,fetter.
catēnō, āre, āvī, ātus[catēna],to bind with chains.
Catilīna, ae, m.,L. Sergius Catiline, a conspirator during the consulship of Cicerō, 63B.C.
Catinēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Catina, orCatana, in Sicily.
Catō, ōnis, m., a family name in the Porcian gens. 1.(M.) Porcius Catō, consul 89B.C.2.C. (Porcius) Catō, consul 114B.C.3.M. Porcius Catō, consul 118B.C.4.M. Porcius Catō Uticēnsis.
Cattī, ōrum, pl. m., one of the most important nations in Germany, in Hesse, and Thuringia.
Catulus, ī, m., a family name at Rome. 1.C. Lutātius Catulus, consul 242B.C.2.Q. Lutātius (Catulus), consul 241B.C.3.Q. Lutātius Catulus, consul 202B.C.4.Q. (Lutātius) Catulus, consul 78B.C.
Caudex, icis, m.,Appius Claudius (Caudex), consul 264B.C.
Caudīnus, a, um, adj.,Caudine;Furculae Caudīnae, the Caudine Forks, a narrow pass in the Samnite mountains.
Caudium, ī, n., a town in Samnium.
causa, ae, f.,reason,motive;pretext;case,state;causā, with gen. postpositive,for the sake of,on account of;causam dare,to occasion,cause.
causidicus, ī[causa+dīcō], m.,a pleader,advocate,special pleader.
cecidī, seecadō.
cecīdī, seecaedō.
cēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to move,yield,retreat.ad—accēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to move towards,draw near;be added;agree to,enter into.con—concēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to withdraw,retire,depart;submit;allow,grant,concede.dē—dēcēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to go away,withdraw,depart;to die(sc.vītā).in—incēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to advance,approach;march;move slowly.inter—intercēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to go between;intervene;occur.prae—praecēdō, ere, cessī, cessūrus,to go before.prō—prōcēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to move forward,advance,make progress.re—recēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to move back,withdraw,retire,retreat.sub—succēdō, ere, cessī, cessus,to come up,advance;succeed,follow.
celeber, bris, bre, adj., famous.
celebrō, āre, āvī, ātus[celeber],to practice,repeat;celebrate.
celeritās, ātis[celer,swift], f.,swiftness,speed,alertness.
celerō, āre, —, —[celer,swift],to hasten.
Celtiberia, ae, f., a mountainous country in the central part of Spain.
cēna, ae, f., dinner, the principal meal of the Romans, taken about three o’clock.
cēnō, āre, āvī, ātus[cēna],to dine,eat.
cēnsor, ōris[cēnseō,to value], m.,censor, a Roman magistrate, elected every four years, to classify the citizens.
Cēnsōrīnus, ī, m.,L. Mānlius Cēnsōrīnus, consul 149B.C.
cēnsus, ūs[cēnseō,to value], m., the census, an enumeration and classification of the people according to wealth.
centēnī, ae a, a[centum], distrib. num. adj.,a hundred each.
centēsimus, a, um[centum], num. adj.,hundredth.
centum, indecl. num. adj., a hundred.
Centumalus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.Cn. Fulvius Centumalus, consul 229B.C.2.Cn. Fulvius (Centumalus), consul 211B.C.
centuriō, ōnis[centum], m., a century, a division of the army or the people, containing a hundred men.
cēpī, seecapiō.
cernō, ere, crēvī, certus,to separate;see,perceive;decide,determine.dē—dēcernō, ere, crēvī, crētus,to decide,determine;decree,vote,intrust(by a decree);contend,fight.
certāmen, inis[certō,to fight], n.,a struggle,battle,engagement.
certātim[certō,to fight], adv.,in rivalry,zealously.
certē[certus,certain], adv.,certainly,surely.
cessī, seecēdō.
cessō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofcēdō],to be inactive,loiter,delay;come to an end,cease.
(cēterus), a, um[nom. sing. m. lacking], adj.,the rest,the others,others.
Chaerōnēnsis, e, adj.,belonging to Chaerōnēa,a town in Boeotia.
Chalcēdōn, ōnis, f., a Greek city in Bithynia.
Chalcēdōnius, a, um, adj.,belonging to Chalcedon.
chlamys, ydis, f.,a Grecian upper garment of wool,military cloak,state mantle.
Christiānus, a, um, adj.,Christian;Christiāna religiō,Christianity.
Cibalae, ārum, pl. f., a town in Pannonia.
Cicerō, ōnis, m.,M. Tullius Cicerō, the famous orator, consul 63B.C.
Cilicia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor, bordering on the Mediterranean Sea.
Cimbrī, ōrum, pl. m., a Germanic tribe which, together with the Teutones, invaded Italy, and was defeated by Marius, 101B.C.
Cimbricus, a, um, adj.,Cimbrian.
Cincinnātus, ī, m., a Roman family name. 1.L. Quīntius Cincinnātus, consul 460B.C.2.T. Quīntius Cincinnātus, conquered the Praenestini near the river Allia.
Cīneas, ae, m., the friend and minister of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus.
cingō, ere, cīnxī, cīnctus,to encircle,surround;gird,gird on,equip;obsidiōne cingere,to blockade,besiege.
Cinna, ae, m.,L. Cornelius Cinna, consul 87, 86B.C.
circā, adv. and prep. with acc.,around,round about,throughout.
Circēsium, ī, n., a city of Mesopotamia on the Euphrates.
circueō, seecircumeō.
circuitus, ūs[circumeō], m.,a going round,circuit,winding way.
circumdūcō, seedūcō.
circumeō, seeeō.
circumferō, seeferō.
circumlātus, seecircumferō.
circus, ī, m.,a circle,inclosure for athletic sports, esp.chariot races;Circus Māximus, see Notes, p. 108.
citharoedicus, a, um, adj.,oforpertaining to the citharoedī, those who play on the cithara, accompanying it with the voice.
*citō, āre, āvī, ātus[intens. ofcieō,to cause to move],to rouse.con—concitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to arouse,urge,excite.ex—excitō, āre, āvī, ātus,to rouse forth,excite,stimulate.
cito, adv.,quickly,speedily,soon.
cīvīlis, e[cīvis], adj.,pertaining to a citizen;civil;polite,moderate.
cīvīlissimē, seecīvīliter.
cīvīlitās, ātis[cīvīlis], f.,the art of government,politics;courteousness,politeness,affability.
cīvīliter[cīvīlis], adv., sup.cīvīlissimē;citizenlike, as becomes a private citizen.
cīvis, is, m.,a citizen.
cīvitās, ātis, f.,citizenship;state,community;city.
clārē[clārus], adv.,clearly;loudly.
clārēscō, ere, clarui, —[incho. ofclāreō,to be bright],to grow bright;become audible,sound clear;become illustrious,grow famous.
clārus, a, um, adj.,bright;famous,renowned; of sound,clear,loud.
classis, is, f.,a class or division of citizens;the navy;fleet.
Claudius, ī, m., the name of one of the oldest and most famous of the Roman gentes. 1.Claudius I., Tib. Claudius Drusus Nero, Roman emperor, 41-54A.D.2.Claudius II., M. Aurelius Claudius Gothicus, Roman emperor, 268-270A.D.SeeCaecus,Canīna,Caudex,Crassus,Mārcellus,Nerō,Pulcher.
Claudius, a, um, adj.,Claudian.
claudō, ere, clausī, clausus,to shut,close,inclose.con—conclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut up,confine.ex—exclūdō, ere, clūsī, clūsus,to shut out,cut off,exclude.
claustrum, ī[claudō], n.,a barrier,hindrance;frontier,fortress,point of control.
clēmentia, ae[clēmēns,gentle], f.,mercifulness,forbearance,kindness.
Cleopatra, ae, f., the famous queen of Egypt.
clībanārius, ī, m.,a soldier clad in mail;a cuirassier.
clipeus, ī, m.,a round shield, as distinguished fromscutum,an oblong shield.
cloāca, ae, f.,a sewer drain.
Clōdius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeAlbīnus.
Cluentius, ī, m., a leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war.
Clypea, ae, f., a fortified town in the northern part of Africa, near Carthage.
Cn., abbreviation of the praenomenGnaeus.
coāctus, seecōgō.
Cōchē, ēs, f., a city on the Tigris, near Ctesiphon.
coepī, isse, coeptus, defective verb,to begin.
coërceō, see*arceō.
coërcitor, ōris[coërceō], m.,one who restrains,an enforcer.
cognitus, seecognōscō.
cognōmen, inis[con+(g)nōmen], n.,a surname, a name added to the individual and clan names of a person, either as a title of honor, asAfricānus,Māgnus, or as a nickname, asCicerō.Cognōminaserved to distinguish different families of the same gens.
cognōmentum, ī[cognōmen], n.,a surname(rare).
cognōscō, seenōscō.
cōgō, seeagō.
Colchī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Colchis, in Asia.
Collātīnus, ī, m.,(L.) Tarquinius Collātīnus, the husband of Lucretia, and one of the first two consuls, 509B.C.
collīnus, a, um, [collis,a hill], adj.,pertaining to a hill,hilly;Porta Collīna, the Colline Gate.
collum, ī, m.,neck.
colō, ere, uī, cultus,to till,cultivate; dwell in; practice, cherish; clothe, adorn;honor,esteem.in—incolō, ere, uī, —,to dwell,settle,inhabit.
colōnia, ae, [colō], f.,a colony,settlement.
columna, ae, f.,a column,pillar.
coma, ae, f.,hair.
comes, itis[con+eō], m. and f.,a companion,comrade;attendant,follower.
comētēs, ae, Gr. acc.comētēn, m.,a comet.
Commāgēnē, ēs, f., a district in the northern part of Syria.
commemorō, āre, āvī, ātus[con+memor,mindful],to call to mind,mention,tell.
commendātiō, ōnīs[commendō], f.,commending,recommendation.
commendō, seemandō.
committō, seemittō.
commodē[commodus], adv.,fitly,easily,properly,rightly.
commodum, ī[commodus], n.,convenience,advantage,utility.
Commodus, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.
commodus, a, um[con+modus], adj.,in due measure,suitable,fit,convenient.
commoror, ārī, ātus sum[con+moror,to delay],to tarry,linger,abide,remain.
commoveō, seemoveō.
commūnis, e[con+mūnus], adj.,common;ordinary;public;rēs commūnis,the public interest.
compāreō, seepāreō.
comparō, seeparō.
comparō, āre, āvī, ātus[compār,like],to compare.
compellō, seepellō.
comperiō, see*pariō.
compescō, ere, uī, —,to confine,hold in check,repress,curb,restrain.
compleō, see*pleō.
complexus, ūs[complector,to embrace], m.,surrounding,embrace.
compōnō, seepōnō.
compulī, seecompellō.
computātiō, ōnis[computō,to sum up], f.,a reckoning.
concēdō, seecēdō.
concidō, seecadō.
concitō, see*citō.
concitor, ōris[concitō], m.,he who arouses,a stirrer up.