G.Gabiī, ōrum, pl. m., an ancient town in Latium, east of Rome.Galatia, ae, f., a province of Asia Minor settled by Gallic tribes in the third centuryB.C.Galba, ae, m.,Servius (Sulpīcius) Galba, Roman emperor 68-69A.D.Gālerius, ī, m., seeMāximiānus.Gallia, ae, f., the country of the Gauls; modern France and the territories on the west bank of the Rhine. The northern part of Italy was settled by Gauls, and was calledGallia Cisalpina; hence the pl.Galliae.Galliēnus, ī, m.(P. Licinius Valeriānus Egnatius) Galliēnus, Roman emperor 260-268A.D.Gallus, ī, m., 1.C. (Cn.) Cornēlius Gallus, governor of Egypt under Augustus. 2.Gallus Hostīliānus, Roman emperor 251-253A.D.Gallus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Gaul;Gallī, ōrum, pl. m., the Gauls.gaudium, ī[gaudeō,to rejoice], n.,joy.gaza, ae, f.,treasure,riches.geminus, a, um, adj.,twin,twofold; as subst.,geminī, ōrum, pl. m.,the twins.gemma, ae, f.,a bud;gem,precious stone.gener, erī, m.,a son-in-law.genitūra, ae, f.,hour of birth;nativity.gēns, gentis, f.,a gensorclan;tribe,people,nation.Gentius, ī, m., a king of the Illyrians.Genucius, ī, m.,L. Genucius, consul 365B.C.genus, generis, n.,race,family,stock,birth;kind,class,sort.Germānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Germans.Germānia, ae, f.,Germany.Germāniciānus, a, um, adj.,stationed or serving in Germany(late).gerō, ere, gessī, gestus,to bear,carry;perform,do,carry out;wage;sē gerere,to conduct one’s self,behave;rem pūblicam gerere,to administer the state;rēs gestae,exploits,history.con—congerō, ere, gessī, gestus,to bring together,collect.Geta, ae, m.,Septimius Geta, brother of Caracalla, by whom he was assassinated, 212A.D.Glabriō, ōnis, m.,M. Acilius Glabriō, consul 191B.C.gladiātor, ōris[gladius], m.,a gladiator.gladiātōrius, a, um[gladiātor], adj.,pertaining to a gladiator,gladiatorial.gladius, ī, m.,a sword.glōria, ae, f.,glory,honor,fame.glōriōsē[glōria], adv.,gloriously.Gordiānus, ī, m.,(M. Antōnius) Gordiānus, the name of three Roman emperors, father, son, and grandson, 237-244A.D.1.Gordiānus, senior. 2.Gordiānus Augustus, son of (1). 3.Gordiānus Augustus, son of (2).Gothī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Goths, a Germanic people.Gracchus, ī, m., a family name in the Sempronian gens at Rome.Ti. Semprōnius Gracchus, consul 218B.C.See Notes, p. 124.*gradior, gradī, gressus sum,to step,walk.ad—aggredior, gredī, gressus sum,to approach,attack,undertake.con—congredior, gredī, gressussum,to come together,unite with,engage,attack.ē—ēgredior, gredī, gressus sum,to go out,leave,disembark;surpass.in—ingredior, gredī, gressus sum,to enter.prō—prōgredior, gredī, gressus sum,to advance,proceed.re—regredior, gredī, gressus sum,to step back,retreat,return.trāns—trānsgredior, gredī, gressus sum,to step overoracross,cross.Graecē, adv.,in the Greek language,in Greek.Graecia, ae, f.,Greece.Graecus, a, um, adj.,Grecian,Greek; as subst.,Graecī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Greeks.grandaevus, a, um[grandis+aevum,age], adj.,aged.grandis, e, adj.,large,grand.grātia, ae[grātus], f.,favor,regard;return,acknowledge;friendship,love,popularity,influence;grātiae, ārum, pl. f.,thanks;grātiā, with preceding gen.,frequent in expressions of purpose,for the sake of.grātus, a, um, adj.,welcome,pleasing,grateful.gravis, e, adj.,heavy,hard,severe;important,grave;troublesome,grievous.graviter[gravis], adv., comp.gravius, sup.gravissimē;weightily,vigorously,seriously,with dignity.H.habēna, ae[habeō], f.,a holder,halter,rein; only in pl.,the reins,direction,management,government.habeō, ēre, uī, itus,to have,hold,possess,keep;regard,consider;render(honor);habēre sē,to be.dē—dēbeō, ēre, uī, itus,to owe,ought; pass.,be due;dēbet, dēbuit, inf.,ought.ex—exhibeō, ēre, uī, itus,to hold forth,show,display;furnish,procure.prae—praebeō, ēre, uī, itus,to hold in front,offer,furnish,exhibit.habitō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofhabeō],to dwell,inhabit,live.habitus, ūs[habeō], m.,state,condition;habit,manner;dress.Hadriānus, ī, m.,(P.) Aelius Hadriānus, Roman emperor 117-138A.D.Haemus, ī, m., a lofty range of mountains separating Thrace and Moesia.Hamilcar, aris, m., a Carthaginian general in the first Punic war.Hannibal, alis, m., the son of Hamilcar Barca, the great general of the Carthaginians in the second Punic war.Hannō, ōnis, m., 1. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, taken captive in Sicily 210B.C.2. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, defeated by Scipio 203B.C.Hasdrubal, alis, m., 1. Surnamed Calvus, “the Bald,” commander of the Carthaginian expedition to Sardinia in the second Punic war 215B.C.2. Brother of Hannibal, defeated and slain at the battle of the Metaurus 207B.C.3. The leader of the Carthaginians in the third Punic war 149-146B.C.haud, adv.,by no means,not at all,not.hauriō, īre, hausī, haustus,to drink.ex—exhauriō, īre, hausī, haustus,to take out,empty out,exhaust.Helena, ae, f., the name of a Roman camp in Spain where Constans died.Heliogabalus, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.Helvētiī, ōrum, pl. m., a Celtic tribe living north of Lake Geneva in modern Switzerland.Hēraclēa, ae, f., a city in Thrace on the Propontis.Herculius, ī, m., a cognomen of Maximianus.Hērennius, ī, m.,T. Hērennius (Pontius), leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war.hērēs, ēdis, m.,an heir.Hibērī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Hibēria.Hibēria, ae, f., a country of Asia.hīc, haec, hōc, dem. pron.,this;he,she, it;the following;the latter.hiems, hiemis, f.,winter;storm.Hiempsal, alis, m., son of Micipsa, king of Numidia, was murdered by Jugurtha.Hierda, ae, m., king of Mauretania.Hierius, ī, m.,Hierius Asinius, leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war.Hierō, ōnis, m., king of Syracuse, an ally of the Romans.Hierosolyma, ōrum, pl. n.,Jerusalem.hinc[hīc], adv.,from this placeortime,hence.Hīrtius, ī, m.,(A.) Hirtius, friend of Caesar; consul 43B.C.Hirtulēius, ī, m., a distinguished general of Sertorius in Spain.Hispānia, ae, f.,Spain(including Portugal). It was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Ulterior; hence the pl.Hispaniae.Hispānus, a, um, adj.,Spanish; as subst.,Hispānus, ī, m.,a Spaniard.historia, ae, f.,history,account,story.historicus, ī, m.,an historian.Hister, trī, f., a town in Lower Moesia.Histrī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Histria, a peninsula in the northern extremity of the Adriatic Sea.hodiē[hōc+diē], adv.,to-day.homō, hominis, m. and f.,a human being;man,mankind.honestās, ātis[honestus], f.,honor,virtue.honestus, a, um[honor], adj.,honorable,upright,noble,illustrious.honor, ōri, m.,honor,respect,esteem;public office.honōrificē[honōrificus,conferring honor], adv.,with honor,honorably.honōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[honor],to honor,respect,adorn;celebrate.hōra, ae, f.,hour, the twelfth part of the day (sunrise to sunset) or night.Horātius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeePulvillus.Hormisda, ae, m., king of Persia, 303-310A.D.horror, ōris, m.,dread,terror,horror.hortus, ī, m.,garden,orchard,park.Hostīliānus, ī, m., seeGallus.hostīlis, e[hostis], adj.,hostile.Hostīlius, ī, m.,Tullus Hostīlius, the third king of Rome, 672-640B.C.SeeMancīnus.hostis, is, m.,an enemy,foe.hūiusmodī[hīc+modus], adv.,of this(i.e.the following)kind.hūmānus, a, um[homo], adj.,human;refined,civilized;humane.humerus, ī, m.,the shoulder.humiliter[humus,the ground], adv.,basely,meanly,abjectly,humbly.I.iaceō, ēre, uī, —,to lie,lie dead.*iaciō, ere, iēcī, iactus,to throw,cast,hurl;throw up,construct.ad—adiciō, ere, iēcī, iectus,to throw to,fling;add.con—cōniciō, icere, coniēcī, coniectus,to throw together,unite;hurl,throw;conjecture.dē—dēiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworhurl down,bring down;lay low,dislodge,destroy.ex—ēiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to castordrive out,expel.inter—intericiō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworplace between,interpose;intervene(in pass.).ob—obiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throw before,put in the way of;put in the hands of;expose.sub—subiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworplace under;hand up;present;subdue.trāns—trāiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworcarry across,transport;pierce,penetrate,transfix;goorpass over,cross.iam, adv.,now,already,at once.Iāniculum, ī, n.,Janiculum, a hill on the west bank of the Tiber.Iānus, ī, m.,Janus, an old Latin divinity, who presided over the beginnings of all things; commonly represented with two faces.ibi, adv.,there;thereupon,then.ibīdem[ibi], adv.,in the same place,just there.icō, ere, īcī, ictus,to strike,smite;foedus icere,to strike(conclude)a treaty(rare).ictus, ūs[icō], m.,a blow,stroke,wound.idcircō[id+ abl. ofcircus], adv.,on that account,therefore.īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.,the same; often best rendered by an adv.,also,too,besides.idōneus, a, um, adj.,suitable,fit;capable.Īdūs, uum, pl. f.,the Ides; the fifteenth of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth of other months.igitur, adv.,then,therefore,accordingly.ignāvē[ignāvus], adv.,sluggishly,slothfully,without spirit.ignāvia, ae[ignāvus], f.,idleness,sloth;cowardice,baseness.ignāvus, a, um, adj.,inactive,lazy,slothful;cowardly,dastardly.īgnis, is, m.,fire.ignōbilis, e[in+(g)nōbilis], adj.,unknown,unrenowned,obscure;base,ignoble.ignōbiliter[ignōbilis], adv.,meanly(late Latin).ignōminia, ae[in+(g)nōmen], f.,disgrace,dishonor,ignominy.ignōminiōse[ignōminiōsus,disgraceful], adv.,ignominiously,disgracefully.ignōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[ignārus,ignorant],to be ignorant,not to know,overlook.ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.,that;he,she,it;the former.illīc[ille], adv.,there,in that place.illūstris, e, adj.,clear,distinguished,glorious.Īllyricum, ī, n., a country east of the Adriatic Sea.Īllyriī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Illyricum.imāgō, inis, f.,likeness,semblance,image;statue.imitātiō, ōnis[imitor], f.,a copying,imitation.imitor, ārī, ātus sum,to imitate.immānis, e, adj.,huge,immense.immemor, oris[in+memor], adj.,unmindful,careless.immeritō[immeritus,undeserved], adv.,unjustly,undeservedly.immineō, ēre, uī, —,to overhang,threaten.immodicus, a, um[in+modus], adj.,beyond bounds,enormous,high;excessive.immūnitās, ātis[in+munus,burden], f.,freedom from public duties,immunity.impār, paris[in+pār], adj.,unequal.impatiēns, entis[in+patiēns], adj.,impatient;intolerant,impetuous.impatientia, ae[impatiēns], f.,impatience.impellō, seepellō.imperātōr, ōris[imperō], m.,commander-in-chief,general,emperor.imperium, ī[imperō], n.,command,control,government,military authority;sovereignty,empire.imperō, āre, āvī, ātus,to rule,command;order,levy;to be emperor.impetrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to procure,gain;accomplish,bring to pass;succeed.impetus, ūs[in+petō], m.,an attack;violence,vehemence.impleō, see*pleō.impōnō, seepōnō.improbō, āre, āvī, ātus[improbus],to disprove,blame,censure;reject.improbus, a, um[in + probus,upright], adj.,wicked,outrageous.imprōsper, spera, sperum[in+prōsperus,fortunate], adj.,unfortunate,unprosperous.imprūdēns, entis[in+prūdens,foreseeing], adj.,not foreseeing,imprudent,off guard.impudīcē[impudīcus,shameless], adv.,unchastely.impulsor, ōris[impellō], m.,one who incites,instigator.in, prep. with acc., of place,into,to,on,upon,towards,against; of purpose,for,with a view to; of other relations,respecting,according to;in diēs,day by day; with abl., of place,in,on,upon,in the midst of,among; of time,in,in the course of,during; of other relations,in the midst of,in the case of,respecting,according to.incēdō, seecēdō.incendō, ere, cendī, cēnsus[in+candeō, toshine],to set on fire,burn;excite.incidō, seecadō.incīvīlis, e[in+cīvīlis], adj.,rude,uncivil.inclutus, a, um, adj.,famous.incognitus, a, um[in+cognōscō], adj.,unknown.incolō, seecolō.incolumis, e, adj.,safe,unharmed.incommodus, a, um[in+commodus], adj.,inconvenient,unsuitable,unfit.incōnsultē[incōnsultus,not asked], adv.,unadvisedly,inconsiderately.incrēmentum, ī[incrēscō,to increase], n.,growth,increase.inde, adv.,from that place,thence;next,then.Indī, ōrum, pl. m.,the people of India.India, ae, f.,India, modern Hindustan.indīcō, seedīcō.indigeō, ēre, uī, —[in+egeō],to be poor,to have need of,want.indiscrētus, a, um[in+discernō,to distinguish], adj.,undistinguishable;without distinction of rank.indō, seedō.indolēs, is, f.,nature,disposition.indūcō, seedūcō.indulgeō, ēre, dulsī, dultus,to be complaisant;be kind,be tender;yield,grant,spare;bestow,confer.industria, ae, f.,industry,diligence;ability.indūtiae, ārum, pl. f.,truce,armistice.iners, ertis[in+ars], adj.,unskillful,idle,effeminate.īnfāmis, e[in+fāma], adj.,infamous.īnfantia, ae[in+for,to speak], f.,infancy.īnfēlīcitās, ātis[īnfēlis,unfortunate], f.,ill-luck,misfortune.īnferior, ius(comp. ofīnferus), adj.,lower,inferior.īnferō, seeferō.īnfēstō, āre, —, —[īnfēstus,hostile],to attack,molest,infest.īnfīdus, a, um[in+fīdus], adj.,not to be trusted,faithless,treacherous,false.īnfīnītus, a, um[in+fīniō], adj.,unbounded,vast,enormous;numberless; as subst.,īnfīnītum, ī, n.,a large amount,a large number.īnfringō, seefrangō.ingenium, ī, n.,disposition,ability,nature,wit.ingēns, entis, adj.,large,huge,great.Ingenuus, ī, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants; defeated and slain by Gallienus.ingluviēs, —, acc.em, abl.ē, f.,the crop,maw;gluttony.ingravēscō, ere, —, —,to be burdensome,be wearied;increase,grow worse.ingredior, see*gradior.ingruō, ere, uī, —,to break in;assault in force.inhonōrus, a, um, adj.,unsightly.inimīcitia, ae[inimīcus,unfriendly], f.,enmity.initium, ī[ineō], n.,a beginning.iniūcundus, a, um[in+iūcundus], adj.,unpleasant,disagreeable.iniūria, ae[in+iūs], f.,wrong,injustice,violence,injury.iniūstē[iniūstus], adv.,unjustly.iniūstus, a, um[in+iūstus], adj.,unjust.innoxius, a, um, adj.,harmless;not guilty,blameless,innocent.innumerus, a, um[in+numerus], adj.,countless.inopia, ae[inops,needy], f.,want,scarcity,poverty.inquinō, āre, āvī, ātus,to stain,defile;dishonor.inritus, a, um[in+ratus], adj.,undecided,unsettled;void,of no effect.inrumpō, seerumpō.īnsatiābilis, e[in+satur,full], adj.,unsating,not cloying.īnsectātor, ōris, m.,a persecutor.īnsequor, seesequor.īnserō, see*serō.īnsidiae, ārum[īnsideō,to sit upon], pl. f.,ambush;treachery.īnsīgne, is[īnsīgnis], n.,a sign,badge,ornament.īnsīgnis, e[in+sīgnum], adj.,remarkable,distinguished.īnsīgniter[īnsīgnis], adv.,remarkably,extraordinarily.īnsolēns, entis[in+soleō], adj.,unusual;haughty,insolent.īnsolentia, ae[īnsolēns], f.,unusualness;haughtiness,arrogance,insolence.īnsolentius(comp. ofīnsolenter), adv.,too haughtily,insolently.īnstituō, see*statuō.īnstō, seestō.īnstrūmentum, ī[īnstruō], n.,tool; collectively,stock of tools,plant.īnstruō, ere, strūxī, strūctus[in+struō,to pile up],to build;arrange,draw uporarray(troops);make ready,equip,fit out.īnsula, ae, f.,an island.īnsulsē[īnsulsus,without taste], adv.,tastelessly,insipidly;foolishly,absurdly.insum, seesum.integer, gra, grum[in+ roottagintango], adj.,untouched,new;full,entire,vigorous.inter, prep. with acc., of place,between,among;of time,during.Interamna, ae, f., a town in Umbria.intercēdō, seecēdō.intereā[inter+is], adv.,in the meantime,meanwhile.intereō, seeeō.interfector, ōris[interficiō], m.,a slayer,murderer.interficiō, seefaciō.interim, adv.,meanwhile.interimō, seeemō.intericiō, see*iaciō.interior, ius[inter], adj., comp., no positive, sup.intimus;inner,interior.intermittō, seemittō.interneciō, ōnis[internecō,to destroy], f.,slaughter,utter ruin.intersum, seesum.interveniō, seeveniō.intolerābilis, e[in+tolerābilis,supportable], adj.,unendurable.intrā, adv. and prep. with acc.,inside of,within,during.intrō, āre, āvī, ātus[intrō,within],to enter.intueor, seetueor.inultus, a, um[in+ulcīscor,to avenge], adj.,without satisfaction, unavenged,unpunished.inūsitātus, a, um[in+ūsitātus,usual], adj.,unusual,unfamiliar,novel.invādō, see*vādō.invehō, seevehō.inveniō, seeveniō.invicem[in+vicem], adv.,by turns,in turn,one after another,alternately.invīctus, a, um[in+vincō], adj.,unconquerable,invincible.invideō, seevideō.invidia, ae[invideō], f.,envy,ill-will.invīsus, a, um[invideō], adj.,hateful,hostile,troublesome.invītō, āre, āvī, ātus,to invite,summon.invītus, a, um, adj.,unwilling.invius, a, um[in+via], adj.,impassible.Ioviānus, ī, m.,(Flavius Claudius) Ioviānus, Roman emperor 363-364A.D.ipse, a, um, intensive pron.,himself,herself,itself,themselves; often best rendered byvery,mere,in person,even,actually.īra, ae, f.,anger,passion.īrācundia, ae[īrācundus,irascible], f.,a proneness to anger,hasty temper;anger,wrath,passion.īrātus, a, um[īrāscor,to be angry], adj.,angry.is, ea, id, dem. pron.,this, that;he,she,it;such.Isaurī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Isauria.Isauria, ae, f., a country of Asia Minor.Isauricus, ī, adj.,Isaurian, a surname of P. Servilius (Vatia), who conquered the Isaurians.Īsīum, ī, n., the temple of Isis.ita[is], adv.,in this way,so,thus;as follows,in such a way;accordingly,and so.Ītalica, ae, f., a city in Spain.Ītalicus, a, um, adj.,Italian.itaque[ita+que], adv.,and so,therefore,consequently.item, adv.,likewise,just so,also,moreover.iter, itineris[eō], n.,a journey,march;road,highway.iterum, adv.,again,once more,for the second time.Itūraeī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Ituraea, a district in Coelesyria.Iuba, ae, m., 1. King of Numidia, defeated by Caesar in the battle of Thapsus, 46B.C.2. King of Mauretania.iubeō, ēre, iussī, iussus,to order,command.iūcundus, a, um, adj.,pleasant;pleasing,joyful,dear.Iūdaea, ae, f.,Judea, a part of Palestine.Iūdaeī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Jews.iūdex, icis[iūs+dīcō], m.,a judge.iūdicō, āre, āvī, ātus[iūdex],to judge,think,be of the opinion;pronounce.iūgerum, ī[iungō], n.,a measure of land, somewhat more than half an acre.iūgis, e[iungō], adj.,joined together.iugulō, āre, āvī, ātus[iugulum,neck],to cut the throat,kill,slay,murder.iugum, ī[iungō], n.,a yoke;ridge.Iugurtha, ae, m., king of Numidia. See Notes, p. 135.Iugurthīnus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Iugurtha.Iūlia, ae, f.,Iūlia Maesa, wife of Caracalla.Iūliānus, ī, m., 1.(Flavius Claudius) Iūliānus, Roman emperor 361-363A.D.2.Salvius Iūliānus, an eminent Roman jurist. 3.Salvius Iūliānus, Roman emperor from March 28 to June 1, 193A.D.Iūlius, i, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCaesar, Libō.iungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus,to join together,unite,bind,fasten;yoke.ad—adiungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus,to join to,fasten to,add.con—cōniungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus,to fasten together,connect,form by associating.iūnior, seeiuvenis.Iūnius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeBrūtus,Pullus,Sīlānus.Iuppiter, Iovīs, m., the chief god of the Latins. He was originally a personification of the sky, and had control of the thunder, lightning, rain, and storms.iūrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to take an oath,swear.con—coniūrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to take an oath together,conspire,plot.iūs, iūris, n.,right,justice,authority;court.(iussus, ūs) [iubeō], m., only in the abl. sing.iussū,by order of,command.iūstus, a, um[iūs], adj.,just,fair;proper,fitting,regular.iuvenīlis, e[iuvenis], adj.,youthful.iuvenis, e, adj., comp.iūnior;young.iuvō, āre, iūvī, iūtus,to help,aid.iūxtā, adv. and prep. with acc.,near.Iuventius, ī, m.,P. (M’.) Iuventius (Thalma), praetor 167B.C.K.Kal.＝Kalendae, ārum, pl. f.,the Kalends, the first day of the month.Karthāginiēnsis, e, adj.,Carthaginian; as subst.,Karthāginiēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the Carthaginians.Karthāgō, inis, f., 1.Carthage, a city founded by the Phoenicians on the northern coast of Africa; destroyed by the Romans 146B.C.2.Karthāgō Nova, a city founded by the Carthaginians on the eastern coast of Spain.L.L., abbreviation of the praenomenLucius.L.＝ 50.labor, ōris, m.,labor,toil;misfortune.labōriōsus, a, um[labor], adj.,full of labor,laborious,toilsome;wearisome,difficult.labōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[labor],to toil,strive;be in distress;be troubled.Lacedaemoniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Lacedaemonians, the inhabitants of Lacedaemon or Sparta.lacrima, ae, f.,a tear.lacrimābilis, e[lacrimō,to weep], adj.,lamentable.laedō, ere, laesī, laesus,to hurt,injure.Laeliānus, ī, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants; emperor in Gaul after the death of Postumus.Laelius, ī, m.,C. Laelius, consul 190B.C.laetitia, ae[laetus,joyful], f.,joy,rejoicing.laetor, ārī, ātus sum[laetus,joyful],to rejoice,be joyful,be glad.Laevīnus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.L. Valerius (Laevīnus), consul 206B.C.2.M. Valerius Laevīnus, consul 210B.C.3.P. Valerius Laevīnus, consul 280B.C.laevus, a, um, adj.,left; as subst.,laeva, ae, f.,the left;in laevā,on the left side.Lamponius, ī, m., a leader of the Marian party in the Civil war between Marius and Sulla.languor, ōris, m.,faintness,feebleness,weariness.Larcius, ī, m.,T. Larcius (Flavus), the first dictator, 501B.C.largior, īrī, ītus sum,to give freely,distribute;bribe.largītiō, ōnis[largior], f.,liberality,bribery.lascīvia, ae[lascīvus,sportive], f.,jollity.lātē[lātus,broad], adv.,broadly,widely;on all sides,far and wide.lateō, ere, uī, —,to lie hid,escape notice.Latīnē, adv.,in Latin.Latīnus, a, um, adj.,Latin,pertainingto Latium; as subst.,Latīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Latins.latrō, ōnis, m.,a robber,brigand.latrōcinor, ārī, —[latrō],to be a robber,commit piracy.latus, eris, n.,a side;flank.laudō, āre, āvī, ātus[laus],to praise,commend.laurea, ae, f.,the laurel tree.laus, laudis, f.,praise,fame,glory;ability,merit.lavācrum, ī[lavō], n.,bath.lavō, āre, lāvī, lautus,to wash,bathe.laxō, āre, āvī, ātus,to loose,spread out,relax.lectīcula, ae[dim. oflectīca,couch], f.,a litter;bier.lēctiō, ōnis[legō], f.,a reading.lēgātiō, ōnis[legō], f.,an embassy.lēgātus, ī[legō], m.,an ambassador,legate;lieutenant,deputy.legiō, ōnis[legō], f.,a legion.legō, ere, lēgī, lēctus,to gather,collect;select,appoint,choose;read.con—conlegō, ere, lēgī, lēctus,to collect,gather;obtain,get,acquire.dis—dīligō, ere, lēxī, lēctus,to single out,esteem,love,prize.ex—ēligō, ere, lēgī, lēctus,to pick out,choose,select.lēnitās, ātis[lēnis,soft], f.,softness,smoothness,gentleness,mildness.lēniter[lēnis,soft], adv.,softly,mildly,lightly.Lentulus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.(L.) Cornēlius Lentulus, consul 275B.C.2.L. Cornēlius Lentulus, consul 237B.C.3.P. Cornēlius Lentulus, consul 71B.C.leō, ōnis, m.,lion.Lepidus, ī, m.,M. Aemilius Lepidus, a member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 46B.C.Leptis, is, f., a Phoenician colony in the northern part of Africa.levis, e, adj.,light,trivial,easy.lēx, lēgis, f.,a law,decree.libenter[libēns,glad], adv.,gladly,cheerfully.līber, era, erum, adj.,free; as subst.,līberī, ōrum, pl. m.,children.līberālis, e[līber], adj.,freeborn,noble;liberal,generous.līberālitās, ātis[līberālis], f.,generosity,kindness;a gift.līberō, āre, āvī, ātus[līber],to set free,release.lībertās, ātis[līber], f.,freedom.lībertīnus, ī[lībertus], adj. used as subst., m.,a manumitted slave,freedman.lībertus, ī[līber], m.,a freedman.libīdō, inis[libet,it pleases], f.,pleasure;lust,wantonness,passion.Libō, ōnis, m.,L. Iūlius Libō, consul 267B.C.lībra, ae, f.,a pair of scales;a pound.Liburnus, a, um, adj.,oforbelonging to the Liburnians, an Illyrian people living between Histria and Dalmatia;nāvēs Liburnae, light galleys built after a model used by them.Libya, ae, f., the northern part of Africa, west of Egypt.Libyssa, ae, f., a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.licet, licēre, licuitorlicitum est, impers.,it is allowed,permitted.Licinius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. 1.C. Fabius Licinius, consul 273B.C.2.(P. Flavius) Licinius, Roman emperor 307-324A.D.SeeCrassus,Lūcullus,Valeriānus.Ligurēs, um, pl. m.,the people of Liguria, a district on the western coast of Italy.Lilybaeum, ī, n., a town in western Sicily.Lingonēs, um, Gr. acc.Lingonas, pl. m., a Celtic people of Gaul.līs, lītis, f.,a strife,dispute,quarrel;a suit,action.littera, ae, f.,a letter(of the alphabet);pl.,writing,literature,letters;a letter.lītus, oris, n.,a shore, beach.Līvius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeSalīnātōr.locō, āre, āvī, ātus[locus],to place.con—conlocō, āre, āvī, ātus,to place,arrange,station,establish.locuplētātor, ōris[locuplētō,to enrich], m.,an enricher.locus, ī, pl.locīandloca, m.,a place,spot;room;position,rank,condition.Lollius, ī, m., M. Lollius, consul 21B.C.longē[longus], adv.,at a distance,far,by far.Longīnus, ī, m., 1.C. Cassius Longīnus, consul 124B.C.2.C. Cassius (Longīnus), murderer of Caesar.longus, a, um, adj.,long,tall;distant;tedious.lōrīca, ae[lōrum,a strap], f.,a corselet of leather,a coat of mail.Lorium, ī, n., a town in Etruria.Lūcānī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Lucania.Lūcānia, ae, f., a district in southern Italy.Lucrētia, ae, f., the wife of Collatinus.Lucrētius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeTricipitīnus.lūctus, ūs[lugeō], m.,grief,sorrow,mourning.Lūcullus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.L. Licinius Lūcullus, consul 74B.C.2.M. Licinius Lūcullus, brother of (1).lūcus, ī, m.,a sacred grove,grove.lūdus, ī, m.,play,game;place of training,school.Lugdūnum, ī, n., a city in Gaul, now Lyons.lūgeō, ēre, lūxī, lūctus,to mourn,bewail.Lūsitānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Lūsitānia.Lūsitānia, ae, f., a province in the southwest of Spain.Lutātius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCatulus.luxūria, ae[lūxus,excess], f.,luxury,extravagance.Lycia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.M.M., abbreviation of the praenomenMarcus.M’., abbreviation of the praenomenManius.Macedo, onis, m.,a Macedonian.Macedonia, ae, f., an extensive country north of Greece, between Thessaly and Thrace.Macedonicus, a, um, adj.,Macedonian; a surname ofQ. Caecilius Metellus, who conquered Macedonia; also ofL. Aemilius Paulus.māchinor, ārī, ātus sum,to contrive skillfully,devise,scheme,plot.Macrīnus, ī, m., (M.) Opilius Macrīnus, Roman emperor 217-218A.D.Madena, ae, f., a part of Armenia.Maedī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Thrace.maeror, ōris, m.,mourning,sadness,grief,sorrow,lamentation.magis, adv., comp.,more,rather;eō magis,all the more; sup.,māximē,greatly,chiefly,exceedingly.magister, trī, m.,a master,ruler,teacher;magister equitum,master of the horse,aid-de-camp of the dictator.Māgnentiānus, a, um, adj.,belonging toorpertaining to Māgnentius.Māgnentius, ī, m., Roman emperor, 350-353A.D.Māgnēsia, ae, f., a city of Asia Minor near Mount Sipylus in Lydia.māgnificentissimē[māgnificus], adv., sup. ofmāgnificē;splendidly,very magnificently.māgnificus, a, um[māgnus+faciō], adj., sup.māgnificentissimus;splendid,magnificent,noble.māgnitūdō, inis[māgnus], f.,magnitude,greatness,size.māgnus, a, um, adj., comp.māior, sup.māximus;great,large,abundant,powerful.Māgō, ōnis, m., the brother of Hannibal, captured by Scipio in Spain.māiestās, ātis[māior], f.,greatness,grandeur,dignity,majesty.māior, seemāgnus.Māius, ī, m., the month of May; usually as adj.,Māius, a, um,agreeing with mēnsis,Kalendae,Nōnae,Īdūs.male[malus], adv., comp.pēius, sup.pessimē;badly,ill,unhappily,unsuccessfully.mālo, seevolō.malus, a, um, adj., comp.pēior, sup.pessimus;bad,evil,hurtful; as subst.,malum, ī, n.,misfortune.Mamaea, ae, f.,(Iūlia) Mamaea, mother of Alexander Severus.Mancīnus, ī, m.,C. Hostīlius Mancīnus, consul 137B.C.mandō, āre, āvī, ātus[manus+dō],to commission,command,send word.con—commendō, āre, āvī, ātus,to commendorcommit for protection,intrust,recommend.re—remandō, āre, āvī, ātus,to send back word(very rare).maneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsus,to stay,continue,abide by.per—permaneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus,to continue,remain.re—remaneō, ēre, mānsī,to remain behind.Mānīlius, ī, m.,M. Manilius, consul 149B.C.Mānlius, ī, m., 1.A. Mānlius, consul 241B.C.2.M. Mānlius, consul 105B.C.SeeCēnsōrīnus,Torquātus,Vulsō.mānsuētūdō, inis[mānsuētus,tame], f.,mildness,gentleness.manūmittō, ere, mīsī, missus[manus+mittō],to set free,emancipate;enfranchise.manus, ūs, f.,hand,arm;band,troop;force;combat;manūs cōnserere,to join battle;dare manūs,to yield.Mārcellus, ī, m., the name of a famous Roman family. 1.M. Claudius Mārcellus, consul 222B.C.2.(M.) Claudius Mārcellus, consul 166B.C.3.(M.) Claudius Mārcellus, consul 51B.C.Mārcius, ī, m., 1.Ancus Mārcius, the fourth king of Rome, 640-616B.C.2.C. Mārcius, consul 310B.C.3.Q. Mārcius, surnamed Coriolanus. SeeCoriolānus.Marcomannicus, a, um, adj.,belongingorpertaining to the Marcomannī.Marcomedī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of western Asia.Mardī, ōrum, pl. m., a powerful, warlike people that dwelt on the southern shore of the Caspian sea.mare, is, n.,the sea.Margum, ī, n., a town in Upper Moesia.Mariānus, a, um, adj.,belongingorpertaining to Marius.maritimus, a, um[mare], adj.,marine,maritime,on the seashore.marītus, ī[mās,male], m.,a husband.Marius, ī, m., the name of a family at Rome. 1.C. Marius, seven times consul, leader of the democratic party in the Civil war between him and Sulla. See Notes, p. 137. 2.C. Marius, son of (1). Consul 82B.C.3.M. Aurēlius Marius, one of the Thirty Tyrants.Mārs, Mārtis, m., the Roman god of war.Marsī, ōrum, pl. m., a brave and warlike Sabellian people, who dwelt in the mountains of central Italy.Mārtius, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Mars.Mārtius, ī, m., the month of March; usually used as an adj.,Mārtius, a, um,agreeing with mēnsis,Kalendae,Nōnae,Īdūs.Masinissa, ae, m., a king of Numidia, an ally of the Romans.Massilia, ae, f., a city in Gaul, modern Marseilles.māter, tris, f.,mother.māternus, a, um[māter], adj.,of a mother,mother’s;maternal,on the mother’s side.mātrimōnium, ī[māter], n.,marriage; pl.wives.mātrōna, ae[māter], f.,a matron,woman.Mauretania, ae, f., a district on the northwestern coast of Africa, embracing parts of modern Morocco and Algiers.Māxentius, ī, m.(M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māxentius, Roman emperor 306-312A.D.māximē, seemagis.Māximiānus, ī, m., 1.Gālerius (Valerius) Māximiānus, Roman emperor, 305-311A.D.2.(M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māximiānus, surnamedHerculius, Roman emperor 286-305A.D.Māximīnus, ī, m., 1.(C. Iūlius Verus) Māximīnus, Roman emperor 235-238A.D.2.Gālerius (Valerius) Māximīnus, Roman emperor 305-314A.D.Māximus, ī, m., 1.Q. Fabius Māximus, consul six times. 2.Q. Fabius Māximus, defeated by the Samnites 292B.C.3.Q. Fabius Māximus (Cunctātor), five times consul.māximus, seemāgnus.Māzaca, ae, f., a city in Cappadocia, later calledCaesarēa ad Argaeumfrom Mount Argaeus upon which it stood.medicus, ī[medeor,to heal], m.,a physician,surgeon.medie[medius], adv.,in the middle,moderately,tolerably.medietās, ātis[medius], f.,the middle,place in the middle,midst.mediocris, cre[medius], adj.,common,moderate,mediocre.Mediōlānum, ī, n., a city in Cisalpine Gaul, modern Milan.medius, a, um, adj.,in the middle,middle,midst of; as subst.,medium, ī, n.,middle,midst,space between.melior, seebonus.melius, seebene.Memmius, ī, m.,L. Memmius, consul 151B.C.memorābilis, e[memorō,to bring to mind], adj.,worth telling,remarkable.memoria, ae[memor,mindful], f.,memory;report,record,time,age.mēns, mentis, f.,the mind;disposition;reason.mēnsis, is, m.,a month.mentiō, ōnis, f.,mention.mentum, ī, n.,the chin.mereō, ēre, uī, itus,to get,earn,deserve;serve.mergō, ere, mersī, mersus,to dip,plunge,sink.dē—dēmergō, ere, mersī, mersus,to sink.meritō[meritum,desert], adv.,deservedly,justly.Mesopotamia, ae, f.,Mesopotamia, a division of Asia between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.Messāla, ae, m.,M. (M’.) Valerius (Messāla), consul 263B.C.Messēniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Messēnē, an island in the Tigris river.-met, an intensive enclitic particle,self.Metellus, ī, m., the name of a prominent family at Rome. 1.C. Caecilius Metellus, consul 113B.C.2.L. Caecilius Metellus, consul 251B.C.3.L. Caecilius Metellus, consul 123B.C.4.(Q. Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus, consul 143B.C.5.Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus), consul 109B.C.6.Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus, consul 69B.C.7.L. (Caecilius) Metellus, carried on war against Mithradates. 8.M. (Caecilius) Metellus.metus, ūs, m.,fear,dread.Micipsa, ae, m., king of Numidia, the eldest of the sons of Masinissa.migrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to migrate,remove.mīles, itis, m. and f.,a soldier.mīliārium, ī, n.,a milestone,mile.mīlitāris, e[mīles], adj.,military; as subst.,a soldier;rēs mīlitāris,the art of war,military operations.mīlitia, ae[mīles], f.,military service.mīlitō, āre, āvī, ātus[mīles],to be a soldier,wage war.mīlle, indecl. num. adj.,a thousand; as subst. with part. gen.,mīlia, um, pl. n.,thousand,thousands.mīllēsimus, a, um[mīlle], num. adj.,thousandth.mināx, ācis[minor,to threaten], adj.,threatening.minimē, seeparum.minimus, seeparvus.minister, trī, m.,an attendant,servant.minor, us, seeparvus.Minucius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeRūfus.minuō, ere, ī, ūtus[minus],to make small,diminish,reduce.dē—dēminuō, ere, ī, ūtus,to make smaller,lessen,diminish.minus, adv., seeparum.mīrābilis, e[mīror], adj.,wonderful.mīror, ārī, ātus sum,to wonder at,be astonished.ad—admīror, ārī, ātus sum,to wonder at,admire.Mithradātēs, is, m., surnamed the Great, king of Pontus 120-63B.C.Mithradāticus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Mithradātēs.mītis, e, adj.,mild,kind,placid.mittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send,dispatch;throw,shoot;let go.ab—āmittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send away,lose;dismiss.ad—admittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to permit,admit,give audience to.con—committō, ere, mīsī, missus,to sendorbring together,join;intrust,commit,bring about,cause,allow;pūgnamorproelium committere,to begin battle.dis—dimittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send away,dismiss;give up,abandon.inter—intermittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send between,interpose,interrupt;stop,cease.per—permittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to let pass;permit,allow.praeter—praetermittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to permit to go by,let pass,let go;omit,neglect.prō—prōmittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to put forward;promise,assure.re—remittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send back,relax;abate.moderātē[moderātus], adv., sup.moderātissimē; with moderation,moderately.moderātiō, ōnis[moderor], f.,moderation,self-control.moderātor, ōris[moderor], m.,a manager,governor,director.moderātus, a, um[moderor], adj.,self-controlled,temperate,modest.moderor, ārī, ātus sum[modus],to set bounds to,check,restrict,regulate.modestia, ae[modestus], f.,moderation;shame,modesty;sense of honor,dignity.modestus, a, um[modus], adj.,keeping due measure,moderate,modest,temperate.modicus, a, um[modus], adj.,small,moderate.modius, ī[modus], m.,a measure,peck.modo[modus], adv.,only;just now,lately;modo … modo,at one time … at another,now … now;nōn modo … sed etiam,not only … but also.modus, ī, m.,measure,limit,end;way,manner.Moesia, ae, f., the modern Bulgaria and Servia, divided into Moesia Superior and Inferior; hence the pl.,Moesiae.Mogontiacum, ī, n., a city in Belgic Gaul, modern Mainz.molestus, a, um[mōlēs,mass], adj.,troublesome,annoying,vexatious.mōlior, īrī, ītus sum[mōlēs,mass],to struggle,toil;undertake,attempt.mollis, e, adj.,gentle,smooth;yielding.moneō, ēre, uī, itus,to advise,warn,remind.monētārius, ī[monēta,mint], m.,a minter,coiner.mōns, montis, m., a mountain,hill,height.monumentum, ī[moneō], n.,a monument,record;tomb.
Gabiī, ōrum, pl. m., an ancient town in Latium, east of Rome.
Galatia, ae, f., a province of Asia Minor settled by Gallic tribes in the third centuryB.C.
Galba, ae, m.,Servius (Sulpīcius) Galba, Roman emperor 68-69A.D.
Gālerius, ī, m., seeMāximiānus.
Gallia, ae, f., the country of the Gauls; modern France and the territories on the west bank of the Rhine. The northern part of Italy was settled by Gauls, and was calledGallia Cisalpina; hence the pl.Galliae.
Galliēnus, ī, m.(P. Licinius Valeriānus Egnatius) Galliēnus, Roman emperor 260-268A.D.
Gallus, ī, m., 1.C. (Cn.) Cornēlius Gallus, governor of Egypt under Augustus. 2.Gallus Hostīliānus, Roman emperor 251-253A.D.
Gallus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Gaul;Gallī, ōrum, pl. m., the Gauls.
gaudium, ī[gaudeō,to rejoice], n.,joy.
gaza, ae, f.,treasure,riches.
geminus, a, um, adj.,twin,twofold; as subst.,geminī, ōrum, pl. m.,the twins.
gemma, ae, f.,a bud;gem,precious stone.
gener, erī, m.,a son-in-law.
genitūra, ae, f.,hour of birth;nativity.
gēns, gentis, f.,a gensorclan;tribe,people,nation.
Gentius, ī, m., a king of the Illyrians.
Genucius, ī, m.,L. Genucius, consul 365B.C.
genus, generis, n.,race,family,stock,birth;kind,class,sort.
Germānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Germans.
Germānia, ae, f.,Germany.
Germāniciānus, a, um, adj.,stationed or serving in Germany(late).
gerō, ere, gessī, gestus,to bear,carry;perform,do,carry out;wage;sē gerere,to conduct one’s self,behave;rem pūblicam gerere,to administer the state;rēs gestae,exploits,history.
con—congerō, ere, gessī, gestus,to bring together,collect.
Geta, ae, m.,Septimius Geta, brother of Caracalla, by whom he was assassinated, 212A.D.
Glabriō, ōnis, m.,M. Acilius Glabriō, consul 191B.C.
gladiātor, ōris[gladius], m.,a gladiator.
gladiātōrius, a, um[gladiātor], adj.,pertaining to a gladiator,gladiatorial.
gladius, ī, m.,a sword.
glōria, ae, f.,glory,honor,fame.
glōriōsē[glōria], adv.,gloriously.
Gordiānus, ī, m.,(M. Antōnius) Gordiānus, the name of three Roman emperors, father, son, and grandson, 237-244A.D.1.Gordiānus, senior. 2.Gordiānus Augustus, son of (1). 3.Gordiānus Augustus, son of (2).
Gothī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Goths, a Germanic people.
Gracchus, ī, m., a family name in the Sempronian gens at Rome.Ti. Semprōnius Gracchus, consul 218B.C.See Notes, p. 124.
*gradior, gradī, gressus sum,to step,walk.ad—aggredior, gredī, gressus sum,to approach,attack,undertake.con—congredior, gredī, gressussum,to come together,unite with,engage,attack.ē—ēgredior, gredī, gressus sum,to go out,leave,disembark;surpass.in—ingredior, gredī, gressus sum,to enter.prō—prōgredior, gredī, gressus sum,to advance,proceed.re—regredior, gredī, gressus sum,to step back,retreat,return.trāns—trānsgredior, gredī, gressus sum,to step overoracross,cross.
Graecē, adv.,in the Greek language,in Greek.
Graecia, ae, f.,Greece.
Graecus, a, um, adj.,Grecian,Greek; as subst.,Graecī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Greeks.
grandaevus, a, um[grandis+aevum,age], adj.,aged.
grandis, e, adj.,large,grand.
grātia, ae[grātus], f.,favor,regard;return,acknowledge;friendship,love,popularity,influence;grātiae, ārum, pl. f.,thanks;grātiā, with preceding gen.,frequent in expressions of purpose,for the sake of.
grātus, a, um, adj.,welcome,pleasing,grateful.
gravis, e, adj.,heavy,hard,severe;important,grave;troublesome,grievous.
graviter[gravis], adv., comp.gravius, sup.gravissimē;weightily,vigorously,seriously,with dignity.
habēna, ae[habeō], f.,a holder,halter,rein; only in pl.,the reins,direction,management,government.
habeō, ēre, uī, itus,to have,hold,possess,keep;regard,consider;render(honor);habēre sē,to be.
dē—dēbeō, ēre, uī, itus,to owe,ought; pass.,be due;dēbet, dēbuit, inf.,ought.ex—exhibeō, ēre, uī, itus,to hold forth,show,display;furnish,procure.prae—praebeō, ēre, uī, itus,to hold in front,offer,furnish,exhibit.
habitō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofhabeō],to dwell,inhabit,live.
habitus, ūs[habeō], m.,state,condition;habit,manner;dress.
Hadriānus, ī, m.,(P.) Aelius Hadriānus, Roman emperor 117-138A.D.
Haemus, ī, m., a lofty range of mountains separating Thrace and Moesia.
Hamilcar, aris, m., a Carthaginian general in the first Punic war.
Hannibal, alis, m., the son of Hamilcar Barca, the great general of the Carthaginians in the second Punic war.
Hannō, ōnis, m., 1. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, taken captive in Sicily 210B.C.2. A Carthaginian general in the second Punic war, defeated by Scipio 203B.C.
Hasdrubal, alis, m., 1. Surnamed Calvus, “the Bald,” commander of the Carthaginian expedition to Sardinia in the second Punic war 215B.C.2. Brother of Hannibal, defeated and slain at the battle of the Metaurus 207B.C.3. The leader of the Carthaginians in the third Punic war 149-146B.C.
haud, adv.,by no means,not at all,not.
hauriō, īre, hausī, haustus,to drink.ex—exhauriō, īre, hausī, haustus,to take out,empty out,exhaust.
Helena, ae, f., the name of a Roman camp in Spain where Constans died.
Heliogabalus, ī, m., seeAntōnīnus.
Helvētiī, ōrum, pl. m., a Celtic tribe living north of Lake Geneva in modern Switzerland.
Hēraclēa, ae, f., a city in Thrace on the Propontis.
Herculius, ī, m., a cognomen of Maximianus.
Hērennius, ī, m.,T. Hērennius (Pontius), leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war.
hērēs, ēdis, m.,an heir.
Hibērī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Hibēria.
Hibēria, ae, f., a country of Asia.
hīc, haec, hōc, dem. pron.,this;he,she, it;the following;the latter.
hiems, hiemis, f.,winter;storm.
Hiempsal, alis, m., son of Micipsa, king of Numidia, was murdered by Jugurtha.
Hierda, ae, m., king of Mauretania.
Hierius, ī, m.,Hierius Asinius, leader of the Samnites in the Marsic war.
Hierō, ōnis, m., king of Syracuse, an ally of the Romans.
Hierosolyma, ōrum, pl. n.,Jerusalem.
hinc[hīc], adv.,from this placeortime,hence.
Hīrtius, ī, m.,(A.) Hirtius, friend of Caesar; consul 43B.C.
Hirtulēius, ī, m., a distinguished general of Sertorius in Spain.
Hispānia, ae, f.,Spain(including Portugal). It was divided into two provinces, Hispania Citerior and Ulterior; hence the pl.Hispaniae.
Hispānus, a, um, adj.,Spanish; as subst.,Hispānus, ī, m.,a Spaniard.
historia, ae, f.,history,account,story.
historicus, ī, m.,an historian.
Hister, trī, f., a town in Lower Moesia.
Histrī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Histria, a peninsula in the northern extremity of the Adriatic Sea.
hodiē[hōc+diē], adv.,to-day.
homō, hominis, m. and f.,a human being;man,mankind.
honestās, ātis[honestus], f.,honor,virtue.
honestus, a, um[honor], adj.,honorable,upright,noble,illustrious.
honor, ōri, m.,honor,respect,esteem;public office.
honōrificē[honōrificus,conferring honor], adv.,with honor,honorably.
honōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[honor],to honor,respect,adorn;celebrate.
hōra, ae, f.,hour, the twelfth part of the day (sunrise to sunset) or night.
Horātius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeePulvillus.
Hormisda, ae, m., king of Persia, 303-310A.D.
horror, ōris, m.,dread,terror,horror.
hortus, ī, m.,garden,orchard,park.
Hostīliānus, ī, m., seeGallus.
hostīlis, e[hostis], adj.,hostile.
Hostīlius, ī, m.,Tullus Hostīlius, the third king of Rome, 672-640B.C.SeeMancīnus.
hostis, is, m.,an enemy,foe.
hūiusmodī[hīc+modus], adv.,of this(i.e.the following)kind.
hūmānus, a, um[homo], adj.,human;refined,civilized;humane.
humerus, ī, m.,the shoulder.
humiliter[humus,the ground], adv.,basely,meanly,abjectly,humbly.
iaceō, ēre, uī, —,to lie,lie dead.
*iaciō, ere, iēcī, iactus,to throw,cast,hurl;throw up,construct.ad—adiciō, ere, iēcī, iectus,to throw to,fling;add.con—cōniciō, icere, coniēcī, coniectus,to throw together,unite;hurl,throw;conjecture.dē—dēiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworhurl down,bring down;lay low,dislodge,destroy.ex—ēiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to castordrive out,expel.inter—intericiō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworplace between,interpose;intervene(in pass.).ob—obiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throw before,put in the way of;put in the hands of;expose.sub—subiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworplace under;hand up;present;subdue.trāns—trāiciō, icere, iēcī, iectus,to throworcarry across,transport;pierce,penetrate,transfix;goorpass over,cross.
iam, adv.,now,already,at once.
Iāniculum, ī, n.,Janiculum, a hill on the west bank of the Tiber.
Iānus, ī, m.,Janus, an old Latin divinity, who presided over the beginnings of all things; commonly represented with two faces.
ibi, adv.,there;thereupon,then.
ibīdem[ibi], adv.,in the same place,just there.
icō, ere, īcī, ictus,to strike,smite;foedus icere,to strike(conclude)a treaty(rare).
ictus, ūs[icō], m.,a blow,stroke,wound.
idcircō[id+ abl. ofcircus], adv.,on that account,therefore.
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.,the same; often best rendered by an adv.,also,too,besides.
idōneus, a, um, adj.,suitable,fit;capable.
Īdūs, uum, pl. f.,the Ides; the fifteenth of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth of other months.
igitur, adv.,then,therefore,accordingly.
ignāvē[ignāvus], adv.,sluggishly,slothfully,without spirit.
ignāvia, ae[ignāvus], f.,idleness,sloth;cowardice,baseness.
ignāvus, a, um, adj.,inactive,lazy,slothful;cowardly,dastardly.
īgnis, is, m.,fire.
ignōbilis, e[in+(g)nōbilis], adj.,unknown,unrenowned,obscure;base,ignoble.
ignōbiliter[ignōbilis], adv.,meanly(late Latin).
ignōminia, ae[in+(g)nōmen], f.,disgrace,dishonor,ignominy.
ignōminiōse[ignōminiōsus,disgraceful], adv.,ignominiously,disgracefully.
ignōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[ignārus,ignorant],to be ignorant,not to know,overlook.
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.,that;he,she,it;the former.
illīc[ille], adv.,there,in that place.
illūstris, e, adj.,clear,distinguished,glorious.
Īllyricum, ī, n., a country east of the Adriatic Sea.
Īllyriī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Illyricum.
imāgō, inis, f.,likeness,semblance,image;statue.
imitātiō, ōnis[imitor], f.,a copying,imitation.
imitor, ārī, ātus sum,to imitate.
immānis, e, adj.,huge,immense.
immemor, oris[in+memor], adj.,unmindful,careless.
immeritō[immeritus,undeserved], adv.,unjustly,undeservedly.
immineō, ēre, uī, —,to overhang,threaten.
immodicus, a, um[in+modus], adj.,beyond bounds,enormous,high;excessive.
immūnitās, ātis[in+munus,burden], f.,freedom from public duties,immunity.
impār, paris[in+pār], adj.,unequal.
impatiēns, entis[in+patiēns], adj.,impatient;intolerant,impetuous.
impatientia, ae[impatiēns], f.,impatience.
impellō, seepellō.
imperātōr, ōris[imperō], m.,commander-in-chief,general,emperor.
imperium, ī[imperō], n.,command,control,government,military authority;sovereignty,empire.
imperō, āre, āvī, ātus,to rule,command;order,levy;to be emperor.
impetrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to procure,gain;accomplish,bring to pass;succeed.
impetus, ūs[in+petō], m.,an attack;violence,vehemence.
impleō, see*pleō.
impōnō, seepōnō.
improbō, āre, āvī, ātus[improbus],to disprove,blame,censure;reject.
improbus, a, um[in + probus,upright], adj.,wicked,outrageous.
imprōsper, spera, sperum[in+prōsperus,fortunate], adj.,unfortunate,unprosperous.
imprūdēns, entis[in+prūdens,foreseeing], adj.,not foreseeing,imprudent,off guard.
impudīcē[impudīcus,shameless], adv.,unchastely.
impulsor, ōris[impellō], m.,one who incites,instigator.
in, prep. with acc., of place,into,to,on,upon,towards,against; of purpose,for,with a view to; of other relations,respecting,according to;in diēs,day by day; with abl., of place,in,on,upon,in the midst of,among; of time,in,in the course of,during; of other relations,in the midst of,in the case of,respecting,according to.
incēdō, seecēdō.
incendō, ere, cendī, cēnsus[in+candeō, toshine],to set on fire,burn;excite.
incidō, seecadō.
incīvīlis, e[in+cīvīlis], adj.,rude,uncivil.
inclutus, a, um, adj.,famous.
incognitus, a, um[in+cognōscō], adj.,unknown.
incolō, seecolō.
incolumis, e, adj.,safe,unharmed.
incommodus, a, um[in+commodus], adj.,inconvenient,unsuitable,unfit.
incōnsultē[incōnsultus,not asked], adv.,unadvisedly,inconsiderately.
incrēmentum, ī[incrēscō,to increase], n.,growth,increase.
inde, adv.,from that place,thence;next,then.
Indī, ōrum, pl. m.,the people of India.
India, ae, f.,India, modern Hindustan.
indīcō, seedīcō.
indigeō, ēre, uī, —[in+egeō],to be poor,to have need of,want.
indiscrētus, a, um[in+discernō,to distinguish], adj.,undistinguishable;without distinction of rank.
indō, seedō.
indolēs, is, f.,nature,disposition.
indūcō, seedūcō.
indulgeō, ēre, dulsī, dultus,to be complaisant;be kind,be tender;yield,grant,spare;bestow,confer.
industria, ae, f.,industry,diligence;ability.
indūtiae, ārum, pl. f.,truce,armistice.
iners, ertis[in+ars], adj.,unskillful,idle,effeminate.
īnfāmis, e[in+fāma], adj.,infamous.
īnfantia, ae[in+for,to speak], f.,infancy.
īnfēlīcitās, ātis[īnfēlis,unfortunate], f.,ill-luck,misfortune.
īnferior, ius(comp. ofīnferus), adj.,lower,inferior.
īnferō, seeferō.
īnfēstō, āre, —, —[īnfēstus,hostile],to attack,molest,infest.
īnfīdus, a, um[in+fīdus], adj.,not to be trusted,faithless,treacherous,false.
īnfīnītus, a, um[in+fīniō], adj.,unbounded,vast,enormous;numberless; as subst.,īnfīnītum, ī, n.,a large amount,a large number.
īnfringō, seefrangō.
ingenium, ī, n.,disposition,ability,nature,wit.
ingēns, entis, adj.,large,huge,great.
Ingenuus, ī, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants; defeated and slain by Gallienus.
ingluviēs, —, acc.em, abl.ē, f.,the crop,maw;gluttony.
ingravēscō, ere, —, —,to be burdensome,be wearied;increase,grow worse.
ingredior, see*gradior.
ingruō, ere, uī, —,to break in;assault in force.
inhonōrus, a, um, adj.,unsightly.
inimīcitia, ae[inimīcus,unfriendly], f.,enmity.
initium, ī[ineō], n.,a beginning.
iniūcundus, a, um[in+iūcundus], adj.,unpleasant,disagreeable.
iniūria, ae[in+iūs], f.,wrong,injustice,violence,injury.
iniūstē[iniūstus], adv.,unjustly.
iniūstus, a, um[in+iūstus], adj.,unjust.
innoxius, a, um, adj.,harmless;not guilty,blameless,innocent.
innumerus, a, um[in+numerus], adj.,countless.
inopia, ae[inops,needy], f.,want,scarcity,poverty.
inquinō, āre, āvī, ātus,to stain,defile;dishonor.
inritus, a, um[in+ratus], adj.,undecided,unsettled;void,of no effect.
inrumpō, seerumpō.
īnsatiābilis, e[in+satur,full], adj.,unsating,not cloying.
īnsectātor, ōris, m.,a persecutor.
īnsequor, seesequor.
īnserō, see*serō.
īnsidiae, ārum[īnsideō,to sit upon], pl. f.,ambush;treachery.
īnsīgne, is[īnsīgnis], n.,a sign,badge,ornament.
īnsīgnis, e[in+sīgnum], adj.,remarkable,distinguished.
īnsīgniter[īnsīgnis], adv.,remarkably,extraordinarily.
īnsolēns, entis[in+soleō], adj.,unusual;haughty,insolent.
īnsolentia, ae[īnsolēns], f.,unusualness;haughtiness,arrogance,insolence.
īnsolentius(comp. ofīnsolenter), adv.,too haughtily,insolently.
īnstituō, see*statuō.
īnstō, seestō.
īnstrūmentum, ī[īnstruō], n.,tool; collectively,stock of tools,plant.
īnstruō, ere, strūxī, strūctus[in+struō,to pile up],to build;arrange,draw uporarray(troops);make ready,equip,fit out.
īnsula, ae, f.,an island.
īnsulsē[īnsulsus,without taste], adv.,tastelessly,insipidly;foolishly,absurdly.
insum, seesum.
integer, gra, grum[in+ roottagintango], adj.,untouched,new;full,entire,vigorous.
inter, prep. with acc., of place,between,among;of time,during.
Interamna, ae, f., a town in Umbria.
intercēdō, seecēdō.
intereā[inter+is], adv.,in the meantime,meanwhile.
intereō, seeeō.
interfector, ōris[interficiō], m.,a slayer,murderer.
interficiō, seefaciō.
interim, adv.,meanwhile.
interimō, seeemō.
intericiō, see*iaciō.
interior, ius[inter], adj., comp., no positive, sup.intimus;inner,interior.
intermittō, seemittō.
interneciō, ōnis[internecō,to destroy], f.,slaughter,utter ruin.
intersum, seesum.
interveniō, seeveniō.
intolerābilis, e[in+tolerābilis,supportable], adj.,unendurable.
intrā, adv. and prep. with acc.,inside of,within,during.
intrō, āre, āvī, ātus[intrō,within],to enter.
intueor, seetueor.
inultus, a, um[in+ulcīscor,to avenge], adj.,without satisfaction, unavenged,unpunished.
inūsitātus, a, um[in+ūsitātus,usual], adj.,unusual,unfamiliar,novel.
invādō, see*vādō.
invehō, seevehō.
inveniō, seeveniō.
invicem[in+vicem], adv.,by turns,in turn,one after another,alternately.
invīctus, a, um[in+vincō], adj.,unconquerable,invincible.
invideō, seevideō.
invidia, ae[invideō], f.,envy,ill-will.
invīsus, a, um[invideō], adj.,hateful,hostile,troublesome.
invītō, āre, āvī, ātus,to invite,summon.
invītus, a, um, adj.,unwilling.
invius, a, um[in+via], adj.,impassible.
Ioviānus, ī, m.,(Flavius Claudius) Ioviānus, Roman emperor 363-364A.D.
ipse, a, um, intensive pron.,himself,herself,itself,themselves; often best rendered byvery,mere,in person,even,actually.
īra, ae, f.,anger,passion.
īrācundia, ae[īrācundus,irascible], f.,a proneness to anger,hasty temper;anger,wrath,passion.
īrātus, a, um[īrāscor,to be angry], adj.,angry.
is, ea, id, dem. pron.,this, that;he,she,it;such.
Isaurī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Isauria.
Isauria, ae, f., a country of Asia Minor.
Isauricus, ī, adj.,Isaurian, a surname of P. Servilius (Vatia), who conquered the Isaurians.
Īsīum, ī, n., the temple of Isis.
ita[is], adv.,in this way,so,thus;as follows,in such a way;accordingly,and so.
Ītalica, ae, f., a city in Spain.
Ītalicus, a, um, adj.,Italian.
itaque[ita+que], adv.,and so,therefore,consequently.
item, adv.,likewise,just so,also,moreover.
iter, itineris[eō], n.,a journey,march;road,highway.
iterum, adv.,again,once more,for the second time.
Itūraeī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Ituraea, a district in Coelesyria.
Iuba, ae, m., 1. King of Numidia, defeated by Caesar in the battle of Thapsus, 46B.C.2. King of Mauretania.
iubeō, ēre, iussī, iussus,to order,command.
iūcundus, a, um, adj.,pleasant;pleasing,joyful,dear.
Iūdaea, ae, f.,Judea, a part of Palestine.
Iūdaeī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Jews.
iūdex, icis[iūs+dīcō], m.,a judge.
iūdicō, āre, āvī, ātus[iūdex],to judge,think,be of the opinion;pronounce.
iūgerum, ī[iungō], n.,a measure of land, somewhat more than half an acre.
iūgis, e[iungō], adj.,joined together.
iugulō, āre, āvī, ātus[iugulum,neck],to cut the throat,kill,slay,murder.
iugum, ī[iungō], n.,a yoke;ridge.
Iugurtha, ae, m., king of Numidia. See Notes, p. 135.
Iugurthīnus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Iugurtha.
Iūlia, ae, f.,Iūlia Maesa, wife of Caracalla.
Iūliānus, ī, m., 1.(Flavius Claudius) Iūliānus, Roman emperor 361-363A.D.2.Salvius Iūliānus, an eminent Roman jurist. 3.Salvius Iūliānus, Roman emperor from March 28 to June 1, 193A.D.
Iūlius, i, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCaesar, Libō.
iungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus,to join together,unite,bind,fasten;yoke.ad—adiungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus,to join to,fasten to,add.con—cōniungō, ere, iūnxī, iūnctus,to fasten together,connect,form by associating.
iūnior, seeiuvenis.
Iūnius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeBrūtus,Pullus,Sīlānus.
Iuppiter, Iovīs, m., the chief god of the Latins. He was originally a personification of the sky, and had control of the thunder, lightning, rain, and storms.
iūrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to take an oath,swear.con—coniūrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to take an oath together,conspire,plot.
iūs, iūris, n.,right,justice,authority;court.
(iussus, ūs) [iubeō], m., only in the abl. sing.iussū,by order of,command.
iūstus, a, um[iūs], adj.,just,fair;proper,fitting,regular.
iuvenīlis, e[iuvenis], adj.,youthful.
iuvenis, e, adj., comp.iūnior;young.
iuvō, āre, iūvī, iūtus,to help,aid.
iūxtā, adv. and prep. with acc.,near.
Iuventius, ī, m.,P. (M’.) Iuventius (Thalma), praetor 167B.C.
Kal.＝Kalendae, ārum, pl. f.,the Kalends, the first day of the month.
Karthāginiēnsis, e, adj.,Carthaginian; as subst.,Karthāginiēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the Carthaginians.
Karthāgō, inis, f., 1.Carthage, a city founded by the Phoenicians on the northern coast of Africa; destroyed by the Romans 146B.C.2.Karthāgō Nova, a city founded by the Carthaginians on the eastern coast of Spain.
L., abbreviation of the praenomenLucius.
L.＝ 50.
labor, ōris, m.,labor,toil;misfortune.
labōriōsus, a, um[labor], adj.,full of labor,laborious,toilsome;wearisome,difficult.
labōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[labor],to toil,strive;be in distress;be troubled.
Lacedaemoniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Lacedaemonians, the inhabitants of Lacedaemon or Sparta.
lacrima, ae, f.,a tear.
lacrimābilis, e[lacrimō,to weep], adj.,lamentable.
laedō, ere, laesī, laesus,to hurt,injure.
Laeliānus, ī, m., one of the Thirty Tyrants; emperor in Gaul after the death of Postumus.
Laelius, ī, m.,C. Laelius, consul 190B.C.
laetitia, ae[laetus,joyful], f.,joy,rejoicing.
laetor, ārī, ātus sum[laetus,joyful],to rejoice,be joyful,be glad.
Laevīnus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.L. Valerius (Laevīnus), consul 206B.C.2.M. Valerius Laevīnus, consul 210B.C.3.P. Valerius Laevīnus, consul 280B.C.
laevus, a, um, adj.,left; as subst.,laeva, ae, f.,the left;in laevā,on the left side.
Lamponius, ī, m., a leader of the Marian party in the Civil war between Marius and Sulla.
languor, ōris, m.,faintness,feebleness,weariness.
Larcius, ī, m.,T. Larcius (Flavus), the first dictator, 501B.C.
largior, īrī, ītus sum,to give freely,distribute;bribe.
largītiō, ōnis[largior], f.,liberality,bribery.
lascīvia, ae[lascīvus,sportive], f.,jollity.
lātē[lātus,broad], adv.,broadly,widely;on all sides,far and wide.
lateō, ere, uī, —,to lie hid,escape notice.
Latīnē, adv.,in Latin.
Latīnus, a, um, adj.,Latin,pertainingto Latium; as subst.,Latīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Latins.
latrō, ōnis, m.,a robber,brigand.
latrōcinor, ārī, —[latrō],to be a robber,commit piracy.
latus, eris, n.,a side;flank.
laudō, āre, āvī, ātus[laus],to praise,commend.
laurea, ae, f.,the laurel tree.
laus, laudis, f.,praise,fame,glory;ability,merit.
lavācrum, ī[lavō], n.,bath.
lavō, āre, lāvī, lautus,to wash,bathe.
laxō, āre, āvī, ātus,to loose,spread out,relax.
lectīcula, ae[dim. oflectīca,couch], f.,a litter;bier.
lēctiō, ōnis[legō], f.,a reading.
lēgātiō, ōnis[legō], f.,an embassy.
lēgātus, ī[legō], m.,an ambassador,legate;lieutenant,deputy.
legiō, ōnis[legō], f.,a legion.
legō, ere, lēgī, lēctus,to gather,collect;select,appoint,choose;read.con—conlegō, ere, lēgī, lēctus,to collect,gather;obtain,get,acquire.dis—dīligō, ere, lēxī, lēctus,to single out,esteem,love,prize.ex—ēligō, ere, lēgī, lēctus,to pick out,choose,select.
lēnitās, ātis[lēnis,soft], f.,softness,smoothness,gentleness,mildness.
lēniter[lēnis,soft], adv.,softly,mildly,lightly.
Lentulus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.(L.) Cornēlius Lentulus, consul 275B.C.2.L. Cornēlius Lentulus, consul 237B.C.3.P. Cornēlius Lentulus, consul 71B.C.
leō, ōnis, m.,lion.
Lepidus, ī, m.,M. Aemilius Lepidus, a member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 46B.C.
Leptis, is, f., a Phoenician colony in the northern part of Africa.
levis, e, adj.,light,trivial,easy.
lēx, lēgis, f.,a law,decree.
libenter[libēns,glad], adv.,gladly,cheerfully.
līber, era, erum, adj.,free; as subst.,līberī, ōrum, pl. m.,children.
līberālis, e[līber], adj.,freeborn,noble;liberal,generous.
līberālitās, ātis[līberālis], f.,generosity,kindness;a gift.
līberō, āre, āvī, ātus[līber],to set free,release.
lībertās, ātis[līber], f.,freedom.
lībertīnus, ī[lībertus], adj. used as subst., m.,a manumitted slave,freedman.
lībertus, ī[līber], m.,a freedman.
libīdō, inis[libet,it pleases], f.,pleasure;lust,wantonness,passion.
Libō, ōnis, m.,L. Iūlius Libō, consul 267B.C.
lībra, ae, f.,a pair of scales;a pound.
Liburnus, a, um, adj.,oforbelonging to the Liburnians, an Illyrian people living between Histria and Dalmatia;nāvēs Liburnae, light galleys built after a model used by them.
Libya, ae, f., the northern part of Africa, west of Egypt.
Libyssa, ae, f., a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.
licet, licēre, licuitorlicitum est, impers.,it is allowed,permitted.
Licinius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. 1.C. Fabius Licinius, consul 273B.C.2.(P. Flavius) Licinius, Roman emperor 307-324A.D.SeeCrassus,Lūcullus,Valeriānus.
Ligurēs, um, pl. m.,the people of Liguria, a district on the western coast of Italy.
Lilybaeum, ī, n., a town in western Sicily.
Lingonēs, um, Gr. acc.Lingonas, pl. m., a Celtic people of Gaul.
līs, lītis, f.,a strife,dispute,quarrel;a suit,action.
littera, ae, f.,a letter(of the alphabet);pl.,writing,literature,letters;a letter.
lītus, oris, n.,a shore, beach.
Līvius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeSalīnātōr.
locō, āre, āvī, ātus[locus],to place.con—conlocō, āre, āvī, ātus,to place,arrange,station,establish.
locuplētātor, ōris[locuplētō,to enrich], m.,an enricher.
locus, ī, pl.locīandloca, m.,a place,spot;room;position,rank,condition.
Lollius, ī, m., M. Lollius, consul 21B.C.
longē[longus], adv.,at a distance,far,by far.
Longīnus, ī, m., 1.C. Cassius Longīnus, consul 124B.C.2.C. Cassius (Longīnus), murderer of Caesar.
longus, a, um, adj.,long,tall;distant;tedious.
lōrīca, ae[lōrum,a strap], f.,a corselet of leather,a coat of mail.
Lorium, ī, n., a town in Etruria.
Lūcānī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Lucania.
Lūcānia, ae, f., a district in southern Italy.
Lucrētia, ae, f., the wife of Collatinus.
Lucrētius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeTricipitīnus.
lūctus, ūs[lugeō], m.,grief,sorrow,mourning.
Lūcullus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.L. Licinius Lūcullus, consul 74B.C.2.M. Licinius Lūcullus, brother of (1).
lūcus, ī, m.,a sacred grove,grove.
lūdus, ī, m.,play,game;place of training,school.
Lugdūnum, ī, n., a city in Gaul, now Lyons.
lūgeō, ēre, lūxī, lūctus,to mourn,bewail.
Lūsitānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Lūsitānia.
Lūsitānia, ae, f., a province in the southwest of Spain.
Lutātius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCatulus.
luxūria, ae[lūxus,excess], f.,luxury,extravagance.
Lycia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.
M., abbreviation of the praenomenMarcus.
M’., abbreviation of the praenomenManius.
Macedo, onis, m.,a Macedonian.
Macedonia, ae, f., an extensive country north of Greece, between Thessaly and Thrace.
Macedonicus, a, um, adj.,Macedonian; a surname ofQ. Caecilius Metellus, who conquered Macedonia; also ofL. Aemilius Paulus.
māchinor, ārī, ātus sum,to contrive skillfully,devise,scheme,plot.
Macrīnus, ī, m., (M.) Opilius Macrīnus, Roman emperor 217-218A.D.
Madena, ae, f., a part of Armenia.
Maedī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Thrace.
maeror, ōris, m.,mourning,sadness,grief,sorrow,lamentation.
magis, adv., comp.,more,rather;eō magis,all the more; sup.,māximē,greatly,chiefly,exceedingly.
magister, trī, m.,a master,ruler,teacher;magister equitum,master of the horse,aid-de-camp of the dictator.
Māgnentiānus, a, um, adj.,belonging toorpertaining to Māgnentius.
Māgnentius, ī, m., Roman emperor, 350-353A.D.
Māgnēsia, ae, f., a city of Asia Minor near Mount Sipylus in Lydia.
māgnificentissimē[māgnificus], adv., sup. ofmāgnificē;splendidly,very magnificently.
māgnificus, a, um[māgnus+faciō], adj., sup.māgnificentissimus;splendid,magnificent,noble.
māgnitūdō, inis[māgnus], f.,magnitude,greatness,size.
māgnus, a, um, adj., comp.māior, sup.māximus;great,large,abundant,powerful.
Māgō, ōnis, m., the brother of Hannibal, captured by Scipio in Spain.
māiestās, ātis[māior], f.,greatness,grandeur,dignity,majesty.
māior, seemāgnus.
Māius, ī, m., the month of May; usually as adj.,Māius, a, um,agreeing with mēnsis,Kalendae,Nōnae,Īdūs.
male[malus], adv., comp.pēius, sup.pessimē;badly,ill,unhappily,unsuccessfully.
mālo, seevolō.
malus, a, um, adj., comp.pēior, sup.pessimus;bad,evil,hurtful; as subst.,malum, ī, n.,misfortune.
Mamaea, ae, f.,(Iūlia) Mamaea, mother of Alexander Severus.
Mancīnus, ī, m.,C. Hostīlius Mancīnus, consul 137B.C.
mandō, āre, āvī, ātus[manus+dō],to commission,command,send word.con—commendō, āre, āvī, ātus,to commendorcommit for protection,intrust,recommend.re—remandō, āre, āvī, ātus,to send back word(very rare).
maneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsus,to stay,continue,abide by.per—permaneō, ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus,to continue,remain.re—remaneō, ēre, mānsī,to remain behind.
Mānīlius, ī, m.,M. Manilius, consul 149B.C.
Mānlius, ī, m., 1.A. Mānlius, consul 241B.C.2.M. Mānlius, consul 105B.C.SeeCēnsōrīnus,Torquātus,Vulsō.
mānsuētūdō, inis[mānsuētus,tame], f.,mildness,gentleness.
manūmittō, ere, mīsī, missus[manus+mittō],to set free,emancipate;enfranchise.
manus, ūs, f.,hand,arm;band,troop;force;combat;manūs cōnserere,to join battle;dare manūs,to yield.
Mārcellus, ī, m., the name of a famous Roman family. 1.M. Claudius Mārcellus, consul 222B.C.2.(M.) Claudius Mārcellus, consul 166B.C.3.(M.) Claudius Mārcellus, consul 51B.C.
Mārcius, ī, m., 1.Ancus Mārcius, the fourth king of Rome, 640-616B.C.2.C. Mārcius, consul 310B.C.3.Q. Mārcius, surnamed Coriolanus. SeeCoriolānus.
Marcomannicus, a, um, adj.,belongingorpertaining to the Marcomannī.
Marcomedī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of western Asia.
Mardī, ōrum, pl. m., a powerful, warlike people that dwelt on the southern shore of the Caspian sea.
mare, is, n.,the sea.
Margum, ī, n., a town in Upper Moesia.
Mariānus, a, um, adj.,belongingorpertaining to Marius.
maritimus, a, um[mare], adj.,marine,maritime,on the seashore.
marītus, ī[mās,male], m.,a husband.
Marius, ī, m., the name of a family at Rome. 1.C. Marius, seven times consul, leader of the democratic party in the Civil war between him and Sulla. See Notes, p. 137. 2.C. Marius, son of (1). Consul 82B.C.3.M. Aurēlius Marius, one of the Thirty Tyrants.
Mārs, Mārtis, m., the Roman god of war.
Marsī, ōrum, pl. m., a brave and warlike Sabellian people, who dwelt in the mountains of central Italy.
Mārtius, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Mars.
Mārtius, ī, m., the month of March; usually used as an adj.,Mārtius, a, um,agreeing with mēnsis,Kalendae,Nōnae,Īdūs.
Masinissa, ae, m., a king of Numidia, an ally of the Romans.
Massilia, ae, f., a city in Gaul, modern Marseilles.
māter, tris, f.,mother.
māternus, a, um[māter], adj.,of a mother,mother’s;maternal,on the mother’s side.
mātrimōnium, ī[māter], n.,marriage; pl.wives.
mātrōna, ae[māter], f.,a matron,woman.
Mauretania, ae, f., a district on the northwestern coast of Africa, embracing parts of modern Morocco and Algiers.
Māxentius, ī, m.(M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māxentius, Roman emperor 306-312A.D.
māximē, seemagis.
Māximiānus, ī, m., 1.Gālerius (Valerius) Māximiānus, Roman emperor, 305-311A.D.2.(M. Aurēlius Valerius) Māximiānus, surnamedHerculius, Roman emperor 286-305A.D.
Māximīnus, ī, m., 1.(C. Iūlius Verus) Māximīnus, Roman emperor 235-238A.D.2.Gālerius (Valerius) Māximīnus, Roman emperor 305-314A.D.
Māximus, ī, m., 1.Q. Fabius Māximus, consul six times. 2.Q. Fabius Māximus, defeated by the Samnites 292B.C.3.Q. Fabius Māximus (Cunctātor), five times consul.
māximus, seemāgnus.
Māzaca, ae, f., a city in Cappadocia, later calledCaesarēa ad Argaeumfrom Mount Argaeus upon which it stood.
medicus, ī[medeor,to heal], m.,a physician,surgeon.
medie[medius], adv.,in the middle,moderately,tolerably.
medietās, ātis[medius], f.,the middle,place in the middle,midst.
mediocris, cre[medius], adj.,common,moderate,mediocre.
Mediōlānum, ī, n., a city in Cisalpine Gaul, modern Milan.
medius, a, um, adj.,in the middle,middle,midst of; as subst.,medium, ī, n.,middle,midst,space between.
melior, seebonus.
melius, seebene.
Memmius, ī, m.,L. Memmius, consul 151B.C.
memorābilis, e[memorō,to bring to mind], adj.,worth telling,remarkable.
memoria, ae[memor,mindful], f.,memory;report,record,time,age.
mēns, mentis, f.,the mind;disposition;reason.
mēnsis, is, m.,a month.
mentiō, ōnis, f.,mention.
mentum, ī, n.,the chin.
mereō, ēre, uī, itus,to get,earn,deserve;serve.
mergō, ere, mersī, mersus,to dip,plunge,sink.dē—dēmergō, ere, mersī, mersus,to sink.
meritō[meritum,desert], adv.,deservedly,justly.
Mesopotamia, ae, f.,Mesopotamia, a division of Asia between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.
Messāla, ae, m.,M. (M’.) Valerius (Messāla), consul 263B.C.
Messēniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Messēnē, an island in the Tigris river.
-met, an intensive enclitic particle,self.
Metellus, ī, m., the name of a prominent family at Rome. 1.C. Caecilius Metellus, consul 113B.C.2.L. Caecilius Metellus, consul 251B.C.3.L. Caecilius Metellus, consul 123B.C.4.(Q. Caecilius) Metellus Macedonicus, consul 143B.C.5.Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus), consul 109B.C.6.Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus, consul 69B.C.7.L. (Caecilius) Metellus, carried on war against Mithradates. 8.M. (Caecilius) Metellus.
metus, ūs, m.,fear,dread.
Micipsa, ae, m., king of Numidia, the eldest of the sons of Masinissa.
migrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to migrate,remove.
mīles, itis, m. and f.,a soldier.
mīliārium, ī, n.,a milestone,mile.
mīlitāris, e[mīles], adj.,military; as subst.,a soldier;rēs mīlitāris,the art of war,military operations.
mīlitia, ae[mīles], f.,military service.
mīlitō, āre, āvī, ātus[mīles],to be a soldier,wage war.
mīlle, indecl. num. adj.,a thousand; as subst. with part. gen.,mīlia, um, pl. n.,thousand,thousands.
mīllēsimus, a, um[mīlle], num. adj.,thousandth.
mināx, ācis[minor,to threaten], adj.,threatening.
minimē, seeparum.
minimus, seeparvus.
minister, trī, m.,an attendant,servant.
minor, us, seeparvus.
Minucius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeRūfus.
minuō, ere, ī, ūtus[minus],to make small,diminish,reduce.dē—dēminuō, ere, ī, ūtus,to make smaller,lessen,diminish.
minus, adv., seeparum.
mīrābilis, e[mīror], adj.,wonderful.
mīror, ārī, ātus sum,to wonder at,be astonished.ad—admīror, ārī, ātus sum,to wonder at,admire.
Mithradātēs, is, m., surnamed the Great, king of Pontus 120-63B.C.
Mithradāticus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Mithradātēs.
mītis, e, adj.,mild,kind,placid.
mittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send,dispatch;throw,shoot;let go.ab—āmittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send away,lose;dismiss.ad—admittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to permit,admit,give audience to.con—committō, ere, mīsī, missus,to sendorbring together,join;intrust,commit,bring about,cause,allow;pūgnamorproelium committere,to begin battle.dis—dimittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send away,dismiss;give up,abandon.inter—intermittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send between,interpose,interrupt;stop,cease.per—permittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to let pass;permit,allow.praeter—praetermittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to permit to go by,let pass,let go;omit,neglect.prō—prōmittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to put forward;promise,assure.re—remittō, ere, mīsī, missus,to send back,relax;abate.
moderātē[moderātus], adv., sup.moderātissimē; with moderation,moderately.
moderātiō, ōnis[moderor], f.,moderation,self-control.
moderātor, ōris[moderor], m.,a manager,governor,director.
moderātus, a, um[moderor], adj.,self-controlled,temperate,modest.
moderor, ārī, ātus sum[modus],to set bounds to,check,restrict,regulate.
modestia, ae[modestus], f.,moderation;shame,modesty;sense of honor,dignity.
modestus, a, um[modus], adj.,keeping due measure,moderate,modest,temperate.
modicus, a, um[modus], adj.,small,moderate.
modius, ī[modus], m.,a measure,peck.
modo[modus], adv.,only;just now,lately;modo … modo,at one time … at another,now … now;nōn modo … sed etiam,not only … but also.
modus, ī, m.,measure,limit,end;way,manner.
Moesia, ae, f., the modern Bulgaria and Servia, divided into Moesia Superior and Inferior; hence the pl.,Moesiae.
Mogontiacum, ī, n., a city in Belgic Gaul, modern Mainz.
molestus, a, um[mōlēs,mass], adj.,troublesome,annoying,vexatious.
mōlior, īrī, ītus sum[mōlēs,mass],to struggle,toil;undertake,attempt.
mollis, e, adj.,gentle,smooth;yielding.
moneō, ēre, uī, itus,to advise,warn,remind.
monētārius, ī[monēta,mint], m.,a minter,coiner.
mōns, montis, m., a mountain,hill,height.
monumentum, ī[moneō], n.,a monument,record;tomb.