mōrātus, a, um[mōs], adj.,mannered,of morals,constituted;characteristic.morbus, ī, m.,sickness,disease.morior, morī, mortuus sum,to die.moror, ārī, ātus sum[mora,delay],to delay,wait.mors, mortis[morior], f.,death.mōs, mōris, m.,a custom,habit;manner,fashion; pl.,customs,character.mōtus, ūs[moveō], m.,motion,disturbance,revolt.moveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to move,remove;influence,excite.con—commoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to arouse,disturb,move,influence.re—removeō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to remove,put aside,dismiss,withdraw.sub—submoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to drive off,dislodge.mox, adv.,soon,directly,then.Mūcius, ī, m., seeScaevola.muliebris, e[mulier,a woman], adj.,pertaining to a woman, woman-like.multitūdō, inis[multus], f.,a multitude.multō, āre, āvī, ātus[multa,a fine],to fine,deprive;punish,condemn.multō[multus], adv.,by far,much.multus, a, um, adj., comp.plūs, sup.plūrimus;much,many a; pl.,many.Mulvius, a, um, adj.,Mulvian;Mulvius pōns, the Mulvian bridge, about two miles north of Rome.Mummius, ī, m.,L. Mummius, the conqueror of Corinth; consul 146B.C.Munda, ae, f., a Roman colony in the south of Spain, where a battle was fought in 45B.C.between Caesar and the Pompeians.mūniō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus[moenia,walls],to fortify,secure,guard.mūnus, eris, n.,duty,service;present,gift.Mūrēna, ae, m.,L. (Licinius) Mūrēna, consul 62B.C.murrinus, a, um, adj.,oforbelonging to the stone murra,murine.Mursa, ae, f., a town in Pannonia.mūrus, ī, m.,a wall.Mūs, Mūris, m.,(P.) Decius Mūs, consul 279B.C.mūtō, āre, āvī, ātus,to change.N.Nabis, idis, m.,tyrant of Sparta.nactus, seenancīscor.nam, conj.,for,but.nancīscor, ī, nactus sum,to get,obtain.Narbō, ōnis, m., a city in the southern part of Gaul.nārrātiō, ōnis[nārrō,to tell], f.,a relating,narrative.Narseus, ī, m., king of Persia, 294-303A.D.Nāsīca, seeScīpiō.nāscor, ī, nātus sum,to be born;spring from,arise.nātiō, ōnis[nāscor], f.,nation,tribe,people.nātūra, ae[nātus], f.,nature,disposition;situation.nātus, a, um[nāscor], adj., lit.born; withannōsand numerals,old.naufragium, ī[nāvis+frangō], n.,shipwreck,ruin.nāvālis, e[nāvis], adj.,naval.nāvigātiō, ōnis[nāvigō], f.,a voyage;navigation.nāvigō, āre, āvī, ātus[nāvis+agō],to sail,navigate.nāvis, is, f.,ship,vessel;nāvis longa,war ship,galley;nāvis onerāria, transport.nē, 1, adv.,not;nē … quidem,not even,not at all; 2, conj.,in order that not,lest,not to,for fear that.ne, enclitic interrog. particle, used (1) in direct questions, and then translatable only by the inflection of the voice; (2) as conj. with indirect questions,whether.nec, seeneque.necessārius, a, um[necesse,necessary], adj.,necessary,indispensable; as subst.,an intimate friend,relative.necessitūdō, inis[necesse,necessary], f.,friendship,intimacy.neglegenter[neglegēns,heedless], adv.,heedlessly,carelessly,negligently.negō, āre, āvi, ātus,to say no,deny,refuse.negōtium, ī[nec+ōtium], n.,business;toil,labor,trouble.nēmō, inis[nē+homō], m. and f.,no one.Nepotiānus, ī, m.,(Flavius Popilius) Nepotiānus, Roman emperor for 28 days in 350A.D.nepōs, ōtis, m.,grandson;nephew(late); pl.,descendants.nēquāquam[nē+quāquam,anywhere], adv.,not at all,by no means.nequeornec[nē+que], adv. and conj.,and not,but not,nor,nor yet;neque (nec) … neque (nec),neither … nor.Nerō, ōnis, m., 1. Nerō (Claudius Caesar Drūsus Germānicus), Roman emperor 54-68A.D.2.Appius Claudius Nerō, consul 207B.C.Nerōniānus, a, um, adj.,belongingorpertaining to Nerō;Nerōniānae thermae.Nerva, ae, m.(M. Coccēius) Nerva, Roman emperor 96-98A.D.neuter, tra, trum[nē+uter], pron.,neither(of two).nex, necis, f.,death;murder,slaughter.Nīcomēdēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Nīcomēdia.Nīcomēdia, ae, f., the capital city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.Nicomēdēs, is, m., 1. Surnamed Epiphanes, king of Bithynia, 149-91B.C.2. Surnamed Philopator, king of Bithynia, 91-74B.C.Niger, grī, m.(C.) Pescennius Niger, Roman emperor 193-194A.D.nihil[nē+hilum,a trifle], n., indecl.,nothing,not at all.Nīlus, ī, m.,the river Nile.nimietās, ātis[nimius], f.,a too great number or quantity;superfluity,excess.nimis, adv.,too much,very,excessively.nimius, a, um[nimis], adj.,too much,too great,excessive.nisi[nē+sī], conj.,if not,unless,except.Nisibis, is, f., a city in Mesopotamia.nītor, ī, nīsusornīxus sum,to strive,attempt;rely upon.ad—adnītor, ī, nīsusornīxus sum,to lean against or upon;strive.Nōbiliōr, ōris, m., a celebrated Roman family. 1.M. Fulvius (Nōbiliōr), consul 189B.C.2.Ser. Fulvius Nōbiliōr, consul 255B.C.nōbilis, e[nōscō], adj.,noted,notable;renowned,noble.nōbilitās, ātis[nōbilis], f.,renown,nobility;the nobles.nōbiliter[nōbilis], adv.,famously,excellently,splendidly,nobly.nocturnus, a, um[nox], adj.,by night,nocturnal.Nōla, ae, f., a city in Campania in Italy.nōlō, seevolō.nōmen, inis[nōscō], n.,a name;account;pretense;authority.Nōmentānus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Nōmentum, a Sabine city.nōminō, āre, āvī, ātus[nōmen],to name,call,mention.nōn, adv.,not,no.Nōnae, ārum, pl. f.,the Nones, the seventh of March, May, July, and October, and the fifth of other months.nōnāgēsimus, a, um[nōnāgintā], num. adj.,ninetieth.nōnāgintā, indecl. num. adj.,ninety.nōnnūllus, a, um[nōn+nūllus], adj.,some,several.nōnus, a, um[novem], num. adj.,ninth.Norbānus, ī, m.(C.) Norbānus, consul 83B.C.Nōricum, ī, n., a Roman province south of the Danube.nōscō, ere, nōvī, nōtus,to come to know,become acquainted with; in perf. system,to know.ad—āgnōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus,to recognize.con—cognōscō, ere, cognōvī, cognitus,to learn,perceive,understand.re+con—recognōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus,to recall,recognize.noster, tra, trum[nōs], adj.,our,our own.notābilis, e[notō,to mark],adj.,noteworthy,conspicuous,notable.nōtus, a, um[nōscō], adj.,well known,familiar.novem, num. adj.,nine.noverca, ae, f.,stepmother.novus, a, um, adj.,fresh,new,young,recent;novae rēs,a revolution.nox, noctis, f.,night.nūbō, ere, nūpsī, nūptus,to veil one’s self,marry.nūdō, āre, āvī, ātus[nūdus],to make bare,strip,expose.nūdus, a, um, adj.,naked,bare.nūllus, a, um[nē+ūllus] (gen.nūllīus, dat.nūllī), adj.,none,no; as subst.,no one.Numa, ae, m., seePompilius.Numantia, ae, f., a city in Spain.Numantīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Numantia.nūmen, inis[nuō,to nod], n., a divinity, power.numerōsus, a, um[numerus], adj.,in full numbers,numerous,manifold.Numeriānus, ī, m., the younger of the two sons of the emperor Carus.numerus, ī, m.,number,account;character,rank.Numidae, ārum, pl. m.,the Numidians.Numidia, ae, f., a country of northern Africa, west of Carthage.nummus, ī, m.,money;coin;sesterce(＝ 4.1 cents).numquam[nē+umquam], adv.,never.nunc, adv.,at the present moment,now.nūncupō, āre, āvī, ātus[nōmen+capiō],to call,call by name.nūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus[nūntius],to tell,announce,report.dē—dēnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus,to announce,denounce,order,threaten.prō—prōnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus,to tell,declare,recite,appoint.nūntius, ī, m.,a messenger;message.nusquam[nē+usquam], adv.,nowhere,in no place.nūtō, āre, āvī, ātus,to nod;waver,be ready to give way.O.ob, prep. with acc.,to,towards;for,on account of,by reason of.obeō, seeeō.obiciō, see*iaciō.obitus, ūs[obeō], m.,destruction,death.oboediō, seeaudiō.obscēnē[obscēnus,ill-omened], adv., sup.obscēnissimē;immodestly,indecently.obscēnitās, ātis[obscēnus,ill-omened], f.,moral impurity,foulness,unchastity,lewdness,obscenity.obscūrē[obscūrus], adv., comp.obscūrius, sup.obscūrissimē;obscurely.obscūrus, a, um, adj.,dark,obscure;ignoble,mean,low.obsecrō, see*sacrō.obsequor, seesequor.obses, idis[obsideō], m. and f.,a hostage.obsideō, seesedeō.obsidiō, ōnis[obsideō], f.,a siege.obtemperō, āre, āvī, ātus[temperō,to soften],to submit.obtineō, seeteneō.obvius, a, um[ob+via], adj.,in the way,meeting; withesse, fierī, orvenīre,to meet.occāsiō, ōnis[occidō,to happen], f.,an occasion,opportunity.Occidēns, tis[occidō], m. (sc.sōl),the setting sun,the West,the Occident.occīdō, seecaedō.occulō, ere, culuī, cultus,to cover,cover over;hide,conceal.occultō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofocculō],to hide,conceal;secrete.occultus, a, um[occulō], adj.,hidden,secret,concealed.occupō, āre, āvī, ātus[ob+capiō],to take possession of,seize,hold,occupy;attack,employ.occurrō, seecurrō.Ōceanus, ī, m., the Atlantic and its divisions in contrast with the Mediterranean Sea.Octāviāna, ae, f., sister of Octavianus and wife of M. Antonius.Octāviānus, ī, m., seeCaesar, Augustus.Octāvius, ī, m.,C. Octāvius, consul 87B.C.octāvus, a, um[octō], num. adj.,eighth.octingentēsimus, a, um[octingentī], num. adj.,eight hundredth.octingentī, ae, a[octō+centum], num. adj.,eight hundred.octō, indecl. num. adj.,eight.octōdecim[octō+decem], indecl. num. adj.,eighteen.octōgēsimus, a, um[octōgintā], num. adj.,eightieth.octōgintā[octō], indecl. num. adj.,eighty.oculus, ī, m.,the eye.Odenāthus, ī, m., ruler of Palmyra. He checked the incursions of the Persians, and was honored with the title of Augustus by Gallienus.odēum, ī, n.,a public building designed for musical performances,odeon.odium, ī[odī,to hate], n.,hatred,aversion.odor, ōris, m.,odor,stench.Oenomaus, ī, m., a leader of the gladiators who revolted with Spartacus.offēnsa, ae, f.,disfavor,offense,hatred,enmity.offerō, seeferō.officium, ī[opus+faciō], n.,service,favor;duty,office.Ogulnius, ī, m.,Q. Ogulnius, consul 269B.C.olim[ole, old form ofille], adv.,formerly.Olympias, adis, f.,an Olympiad, the space of four years intervening between the games at Olympus. The period was used in assigning dates, the first Olympiad beginning in 776B.C.Olympus, ī, m., a city in Lycia in Asia Minor.ōmen, inis, n.,a foreboding,prognostication,omen.omnīnō[omnis], adv.,in all,altogether,only,in general;at all.omnis, e, adj.,every,all.opera, ae[opus], f.,work,pains,aid;operam dare,to attend to,assist,aid.opifex, ficis[opus+faciō], m.,workman,artisan.opīnor, ārī, ātus sum,to think,believe.oppidum, ī, n.,a walled town.Oppius, ī, m., seeSabīnus.opprimō, seepremō.oppūgnātiō, ōnis[oppūgnō], f.,an assault,attack,siege.oppūgnō, seepūgnō.(ops),opis, f.,power,help; pl.opēs, um,wealth,resources.optimus, seebonus.optō, āre, āvī, ātus,to hope,desire.ad—adoptō, āre, āvī, ātus,to adopt.opulentus, a, um[ops], adj.,rich,wealthy.opus, operis, n.,work,business,need;fortification.ōrātor, ōris[ōrō], m.,an orator,ambassador.orbis, is, m.,circle;orbis terraeorterrārum,the world.orbitās, ātis[orbus,destitute], f.,bereavement,orphanage.Orchadēs, um, pl. f., a group of islands north of Scotland, now Orkney Islands.ōrdinārius, a, um[ōrdinō], adj.,of order,usual,regular,ordinary.ōrdinō, āre, āvī, ātus[ōrdō],to arrange,regulate.ōrdō, inis, f.,an order,rank,row.Orestēs, is, m.,Cn. Aufidius Orestes, consul 73B.C.Oriēns, entis[orior], m. (sc.sōl),the rising sun,the East,the Orient.orīgō, inis[orior], f.,an origin,source,pedigree.orior, īrī, ortus sum,to rise,begin,spring from.oriundus, a, um[orior], adj.,descended,sprung from,originating,born.ōrnāmentum, ī[ōrnō,to fit out], n.,a preparation;decoration,ornament,jewel.ōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[ōs,mouth],to pray,beg,entreat.ad—adōrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to supplicate;worship,reverence.Orōdēs, is, m., a king of the Parthians, conquered by Pompey.os, ossis, n.,a bone.Osdroēna, ae, f.,Osroēnē, a district in the west of Mesopotamia.Osdroēnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Osdroēna.ostendō, seetendō.ōstiātim, adv.,from door to door,from house to house.ōstium, ī[ōs,mouth], m.,the mouth of a river.Otācilius, ī, m.,(T.) Otācilius Crassus, consul 263B.C.Othō, ōnis, m.,(M. Salvius) Othō, Roman emperor from January 15 to April 16, 69A.D.ōtium, ī, n.,leisure;ease,idleness;rest,peace.ovō, āre, —, —,to exult,rejoice;receive an ovation,triumph.P.P., abbreviation of the praenomen Publius.pācō, āre, āvī, ātus[pāx],to pacify,make peaceful.Pacorus, ī, m., son of Orodes I., king of Parthia.Paelīgnī, ōrum, pl. m., a Sabine people dwelling in central Italy.paene, adv.,almost,nearly.Palaeopharsālus, ī, f., a city in Thessaly where Caesar defeated Pompey 48B.C.It is generally written Pharsalus.Palaestīna, ae, f.,Palestine.palam, adv.,openly,publicly.Palātīnus, ī(sc.mōns), adj.,the Palatine Hill.Palātium, ī, n.,the Palatine Hill;the imperial palace, which was on the hill.pallium, ī, n.,a Grecian cloak,mantle.palūs, ūdis, f.,a marsh,fen.Pamphȳlia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.Pannonia, ae, f., one of the most important provinces of Rome, lying between the Danube and the Alps.Pannonicus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Pannonia.Pannoniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Pannonia.Pānsa, ae, m.,(C. Vibius) Pānsa, consul 43B.C.Panticapaeum, ī, n., a city in the modern Crimea.Paphlagōn, onis, m.,a Paphlagonian.Paphlagonia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.Papirius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCarbō,Cursor.parēns, entis[pariō], m. and f.,a father or mother,parent;relative(late).pāreō, ēre, uī, —,to appear;obey,serve.ad—appāreō, ēre, uī, —,to become visible,appear;serve.con—compāreō, ēre, uī, —,to appear,show one’s self.*pariō, ere, peperī, partus,to give birth to,bring forth.ab—āperiō, īre, uī, tus,to uncover,bare;open,disclose.con—comperiō, īre, perī, pertus,to find out,learn.re—reperiō, īre, repperī, repertus,to find(again),meet with,discover.parō, āre, āvī, ātus,to make ready,prepare;resolve,plan;get,acquire.con—comparō, āre, āvī, ātus,to make ready,prepare;obtain,procure.prae—praeparō, āre, āvī, ātus,to make ready beforehand,provide.re—reparō, āre, āvī, ātus,to renew.parricīdium, ī[pater+caedō], n.,murder of a father,parricide.pars, partis, f.,a part,number;district;side,direction;party,faction.Parthenius, ī, m., the slayer of Domitian.Parthenopolis, is, f., a city in Lower Moesia on the Black Sea.Parthī, ōrum, pl. m., a Scythian people southeast of the Caspian Sea.Parthicus, a, um, adj.,belonging to Parthia, cognomen ofSeptimius Sevērus.Parthomasīris, is, m., king of Armenia.partim[pars], adv.,partly.partus, ūs[pariō], m.,a bringing forth,delivery,birth;progeny.parum, adv.,too little,not enough; comp.,minus,less,by no means,not; sup.,minime,least of all,by no means,not at all;as a subst.,parum, indecl. n.,too little,not enough.parvus, a, um, adj.,little,small; comp.,minor,smaller,less;younger(sc.nātū); sup.,minimus,smallest,least.pāscō, ere, pāvī, pāstus,to feed; of animals,to graze,browse.passus, ūs[passusfrompandō,to spread], m.,a step,pace;mīlle passuum, pl.mīlia passuum, a Roman mile ＝ 4854 English feet.patefaciō, ere, fēcī, factus[pateō+faciō],to lay open,disclose,bring to light.pateō, ēre, uī, —,to be open,extend,be manifest.pater, tris, m.,a father,ancestor.paternus, a, um[pater], adj.,fatherly,of a father.patior, patī, passus sum,to suffer,bear,endure;experience;allow,permit.per—perpetior, ī, pessus sum,to endure,be patient under.patria, ae[pater], f.,fatherland,country,home.patrimōnium, ī[pater], n.,inheritance,patrimony,property.patrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to carry out,perform,execute.patruēlis, e[patruus], adj.,of a father’s brother,child of a father’s brother; as subst.,a cousin.patruus, ī[pater] m.,of a father’s brother,paternal uncle.paucus, a, um, adj.,few,little.paulisper[paulum,by a little], adv.,a short time.paulus, a, um, adj.,little,small; as subst.,paulum, ī, n.,a little,trifle; abl.,paulō,by a little.Paulus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.L. Aemilius Paulus, consul 216B.C.2.L. Aemilius Paulus, surnamed Macedonicus, consul 168B.C.3.M. Aemilius Paulus, consul 255B.C.pauper, eris, adj.,poor.pāx, pācis, f.,peace.pectus, oris, n.,the breast.pecūnia, ae[pecus,cattle], f.,money.pedes, itis[pēs], m.,a foot soldier,infantry.pellō, ere, pepulī, pulsus,to drive outoraway,expel;defeat,rout.ad—appellō, āre, āvī, ātus,to call,address,name;appeal to;accuse.con—compellō, ere, pulī, pulsus,to drive together,collect;force,compel.ex—expellō, ere, pulī, pulsus,to drive outoraway,expel,dislodge.in—impellō, ere, pulī, pulsus,to urge on,incite,impel.pendeō, ēre, pependī, —,to hang,be suspended;rest,depend.penetrō, āre, āvī, ātus[penitus],to enter,penetrate.penitus, adv.,inwardly,within;deeply,completely.per, prep. with acc. (1) of place,through,across,over,throughout; (2) of time,through,during; (3) of means or agency,by means of,by the agency of,through.percussor, ōris[percutiō], m.,a stabber,murderer.percutiō, ere, cussī, cussus[per+quatiō,to shake],to thrust through,strike,kill.perdō, seedō.perdomō, seedomō.pereō, seeeō.perferō, seeferō.perficiō, seefaciō.perfidia, ae[perfidus,faithless], f.,treachery.perfuga, ae[perfugiō,to flee for refuge], m.,a fugitive,deserter,refuge.Pergamum, ī, n., a city in Mysia in Asia Minor.pergō, seeregō.perīculum, ī, n.,trial;danger,peril.perimō, seeemō.perinde[per+inde], adv.,in the same manner,just as,equally.perītus, a, um, adj.,skillful,experienced,familiar with.permaneō, seemaneō.permittō, seemittō.permūtātiō, ōnis[permūtō,to change], f.,change,exchange.perniciēs, ēī[per+nex], f.,destruction,ruin.perniciōsē[perniciōsus], adv.,dangerously,destructively.perniciōsus, a, um[perniciēs], adj.,dangerous,destructive.Perperna, ae, m.,(M.) Perperna, consul 130B.C.perpetior, seepatior.perpetuus, a, um, adj.,continuous,uninterrupted;in perpetuum,forever.Persae, ārum, pl. m.,the Persians.persequor, seesequor.Perseus, eī, m., the last king of Macedonia, 178-168B.C.persevērō, āre, āvī, ātus,to persist,persevere.Persis, idis, f.,Persia.Pertināx, ācis, m.,(Helvius) Pertināx, Roman emperor from January 1 to March 28, 193A.D.Perusia, ae, f., an ancient town in Etruria in Italy.perveniō, seeveniō.pēs, pedis, m.,a foot,pedem referre,to retreat.Pescennius, ī, m., seeNiger.pestilentia, ae[pestis,plague], f.,a pestilence,plague.petō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus,to strive for,seek;beg,ask,request;assail,attack.ad—appetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus,to strive for,reach after;assail,attack;long for,desire;draw nigh,approach,be at hand.re—repetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus,to seek again,try to get back,demand back;recall,repeat;attack.Petrēius, ī, m.,M. Petrēius, a partisan of Pompey; fought against Caesar in Spain, Greece, and Africa.Petrōnius, ī, m.,Petrōnius Secundus, a partisan of Nerva.Pharnacēs, is, m., Gr. acc.Pharnacēn, the son of Mithradates, who succeeded his father as king of Pontus.Phasēlis, idis, f., a city of Lycia in Asia Minor.Philippī, ōrum, pl. m., a city in Macedonia where Brutus and Cassius were defeated by Octavian 44B.C.Philippus, ī, m., 1.Philip V., king of Macedonia 220-178B.C.2.(M. Iūlius) Philippus I., Roman emperor 244-249A.D.3.(M. Iūlius) Philippus II., son of (2). 4.L. Mārcius Philippus, consul 91B.C.5.Q. Mārcius Philippus, consul 186B.C.philosophia, ae, f.,philosophy.philosophus, ī, m.,a philosopher.Phoenīcē, ēs, f.,Phoenicia, a country of Syria.Phrygia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.Pīcentēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Picenum.Pīcēnum, ī, n., a division of Italy on the Adriatic Sea, north of Latium.pīlum, ī, n.,a heavy javelin;pike.pingō, ere, pīnxī, pīctus,to paint;represent,delineate,portray.Pīraeus, ī, m., the chief harbor of Athens.pīrāta, ae, m.,a pirate.pīrāticus, a, um[pīrāta], adj., pertaining to pirates, piratical;Pīrāticum bellum,war against the pirates.piscis, is, f.,a fish.piscor, ārī, ātus sum[piscis],to fish.pius, a, um, adj.,reverent,pious.placeō, ēre, uī, —,to please,be agreeable to;seem best to; impers.,placet, placuit, placitum est,to be resolved by.dis—displiceō, ēre, uī, —,to displease.placidus, a, um, [placō,to soothe], adj.,calm,quiet,tranquil.Plautius, ī, m.,A. Plautius, sent by the emperor Claudius in 43A.D.to subdue Britain.plēbs, plēbis, andplēbēs, ēī, f.,the common people,populace,plebeians.plēnus, a, um[pleō], adj.,full.*pleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill.con—compleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill(to the brim);complete.ex—expleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill up,fill.in—impleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill up,finish.plērīque, aeque, aque, adj.,very many,most.plērumque, adv.,mostly,generally,very often.Plōtīna, ae, f., the wife of the emperor Trajan.plūrimus, seemultus.Plūtarchus, ī, m., a Greek philosopher and biographer.pōculum, ī, n.,cup.poēma, atis, n.,a poem.poena, ae, f.,compensation,punishment,penalty.Poenī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Carthaginians.Polemō, ōnis, m., king of Pontus 39-62A.D.Polemōniacus, a, um, adj.,belonging to Polemō.polliceor, ērī, itus sum,to promise,volunteer.pompa, ae, f.,a procession,parade,pomp.Pompēius, ī, m., 1.Cn. Pompēius, consul 89B.C.2.Cn. Pompēius, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70B.C.3.Cn. Pompēius, son of the triumvir. 4.Q. Pompēius, consul 141B.C.5.Sex. Pompēius, younger son of the triumvir.Pompilius, ī, m.,Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, 715-672B.C.pondō[pondus], adv.,by weight.pondus, eris, [pendo,to weigh], n.,weight.pōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to put down,place,set,deposit;serve(at meals);spend;set up,build;pitch.ad—appōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to put before,place near;serve(at table).con—compōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to arrange,settle;conclude,finish.dē—dēpōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to lay downoraside,put down;stop;arrange,establish.dis—dispōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to arrange,array,dispose.in—impōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to placeorput uponorin;establish.prae—praepōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to set over,put in charge of.re—repōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to put back,replace,restore.pōns, pontis, m.,a bridge.Ponticus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Pontus;Ponticum(mare), the Black Sea.pontifex, ficis, m.,priest.Pontius, ī, m., seeTelesīnus.Pontus, ī, m., 1.Pontus Euxīnus, the Black Sea. 2. A country of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.populō, āre, āvī, ātus,to plunder,ravage,lay waste.dē—dēpopulor, ārī, ātus sum,to lay waste,ravage,plunder,pillage.populus, ī, m.,a people,nation.Porcius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCatō.porrō[prō], adv.,forward,henceforth,furthermore,again.Porsenna, ae, m.,Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium in Etruria.porta, ae, f.,a city gate,gate.*portō, āre, āvī, ātus[porta],to bear,carry.ex—exportō, āre, āvī, ātus,to carry out,export.re—reportō, āre, āvī, ātus,to carry back,report.porticus, ūs, f.,a colonnade,arcade,portico.pōscō, ere, poposcī, —,to ask,demand.possideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus[sedeō],to occupy,hold,possess.possum, posse, potuī, —[potis,able+sum],to be able,can;plurimum posse,to have great power.post, (1) adv.,after,later,afterwards; (2) prep. with acc.,after,behind.posteā[post+is], adv.,afterwards.posterus, a, um[post], adj.,following,next; comp.posterior, us, gen.ōris,later; sup.postrēmus,last,lowest;ad postērum,finally; as subst.,posterī, ōrum, pl. m.,descendants,posterity.postquamorpost … quam[post+quam], conj.,after,when.postrēmō[posterus], adv.,at last,finally.Postumius, ī, m., seeAlbīnus.Postumus, ī, m.,(M. Cassiānus) Postumus, one of the Thirty Tyrants.potēns, entis[possum], adj.,powerful.potestās, ātis[possum], f.,power,might;opportunity,permission;authority,sovereignty.potior, īrī, ītus sum[potis,able],to get possession,acquire.potius[comp. ofpotis,able], adv., sup.potissimum;rather,more,sooner.prae, prep. with abl.,before,in front of,in comparison with.praebeō, see habeō.praecēdō, seecēdō.praeceps, cipitis[prae+caput], adj.,headlong,hasty;steep,precipitous.praecipiō, seecapiō.praecipitō, āre, āvī, ātus[praeceps],to throw headlong,cast down;rush down.praecipuē[praecipuus], adv.,chiefly,principally,especially.praecipuus, a, um[praecipiō], adj.,special,particular;eminent,prominent.praeclārus, a, um[prae+clārus], adj.,very brightorbrilliant,excellent,distinguished.praeda, ae, f.,booty,spoil,plunder.praefectūra, ae, f.,the office of overseer,superintendence;praefecture.praefectus, ī, m.,overseer,superintendent;praefect.praeferō, seeferō.praeficiō, seefaciō.praemium, ī[prae+emō], n.,reward,prize.Praeneste, is, n., a town in Latium east of Rome, modern Palestrina.Praenestīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Praeneste.praeparō, seeparō.praepōnō, seepōnō.praesēns, entis[praesum], adj.,at hand,present.praeses, sidis[praesideō], m.,a protector,guard,defender;president.praesidium, ī[praesideō], n.,help,aid,defense;defensive force,garrison;fort,station,post.praestō, seestō.praesum, seesum.praeter, prep. with acc.,past,beyond;contrary to,against;besides,except.praetereā[praeter+is], adv.,in addition to this,besides,moreover.praetermittō, seemittō.praetexō, ere, uī, tus[texō,to weave], to provide with a border;toga praetexta,a(purple)bordered toga, worn by magistrates and freeborn children till the sixteenth or seventeenth year, when they became of age and assumed thetoga virīlis, which was wholly white; the girls wore thetoga praetextauntil they married.praetor, ōris[orig.praeitor, fromprae+eō], m.,a leader,commander;praetor,magistrate,judge.praetōriānus, a, um[praetōrium], adj.,belonging to the bodyguard;praetorian; as subst.,praetōriānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the praetorians.praetōrium, ī, n.,the imperial bodyguard.praetōrius, a, um[praetor], adj.,oforbelonging to the praetororcommander; as subst.,praetōrius, ī, m.,a man of praetorian rank, an ex-praetor.praeveniō, seeveniō.prandium, ī, n.,lunch.prāvus, a, um, adj.,crooked,wrong;perverse,wicked.*prehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus,to grasp.dē—dēprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus,to seize,catch;surprise,detect,discover.re—reprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus,to hold back,check;blame,criticise,reprove.premō, ere, pressī, pressus,to press;press hard,crush.ob—opprimō, ere, pressī, pressus,to crush utterly,overpower,overwhelm.pretium, ī, n.,price,value;reward,money,ransom.prīmō[prīmus], adv.,at first.prīmum[prīmus], adv.,first.prīmus, seeprior.prīnceps, cipis[prīmus+capio], adj.,first,foremost; as subst. m.,leading man,chief,leader.prīncipātus, ūs[prīnceps], m.,a chief authority(in the state);headship,leadership;reign,sovereignty.prīncipium, ī[prīnceps], n.,beginning,origin.prior, us, gen.priōris, comp. adj., former, previous, first, prior; sup.prīmus,first,foremost.prīscus, a, um[prius], adj.,former,elder;primitive,strict.Prīscus, ī, m., seeTarquinius.prīstinus, a, um[prius], adj.,former,old.prius[prior], adv.,before,sooner,previously,first of all.prīvātim[prīvātus], adv.,privately,as a single individual.prīvātus, a, um[prīvō,to set apart], adj.,private,individual; as subst.,prīvātus, ī, m.,a man in private life,a private citizen.prīvīgna, ae, f.,a stepdaughter.prīvīgnus, ī, m.,a stepson.prō, prep. with abl.,in front of,before in behalf of;in comparison with,in accordance with.probe[probus, estimable], adv.,right,well,properly,correctly.probrōsus, a, um[probrum], adj.,shameful,ignominious,infamous.probrum, ī, m.,a shameful act,base deed;immodesty,lewdness;insult,reproach.Probus, ī, m.,(M. Aurēlius) Probus, Roman emperor 276-282A.D.prōcēdō, seecēdō.prōclīvus, a, um[prō+clīvus,slope], adj.,sloping,steep;liable,prone;subject,ready.prōcōnsul, is[prō,in place of+cōnsul], m.,a proconsul,governorof a province.prōcōnsulātus, a, um[prōcōnsul], adj.,the office of a proconsul,proconsulate.procul, adv.,at a distance,far from.Proculus, ī, m., a famous Roman jurist.prōcumbō, ere, cubuī, cubitus[prō+cumbō,to lie],to lie down,sink,fall forward;fall,sink down,be beaten down.prōdō, seedō.prōdūcō, seedūcō.proelium, ī, n.,a battle,combat,engagement.proficīscor, ī, fectus sum[prō+facīscor, fromfaciō],to set out,proceed;spring from.prōflīgō, see*flīgō.prōfluvium, ī, n.,a flowing forth;ventris prōfluvium,diarrhea.profugiō, seefugiō.prōgredior, see*gradior.prōmittō, seemittō.prōmptus, a, um[prōmō,to set forth], adj.,prepared,quick,prompt.prōnūntiō, seenūntiō.prōnus, a, um, adj.,turned forward,inclined;tendency;disposed,prone.prōpalam[prō+palam], adv.,openly,publicly,manifestly.prope, adv.,near by;nearly,almost.prōpēnsus, a, um, adj.,hanging down;inclined,disposed,prone.propior, us[prope], comp. adj.,nearer; sup.proximus,nearest,next;latest,last;next,following.proprius, a, um, adj.,not common with others,own,special,individual.propter, prep. with acc.,on account of.proptereā[propter+is], adv.,for this reason,therefore;proptereā quod,because.prōpūgnātor, ōris[prōpūgnō,to defend], m.,a defender.prōscrībō, seescrībō.prōscrīptiō, ōnis[prōscrībō], f.,a public notice of sale,proscription.prōsequor, seesequor.prōsperandprōsperus, a, um[prō+spēs], adj.,according to one’s hopes,favorable,prosperous.prōsperē[prōsperus], adv.,propitiously,successfully.prōstituō, see*statuō.prōsum, seesum.prōtrahō, seetrahō.prōvidē[prōvideō,to provide,foresee], adv.,carefully,prudently(very rare).prōvincia, ae, f.,an office,duty;province.prōvinciālis, e[prōvincia], adj.,of a province,provincial; as subst.,prōvinciālis, is, m.,a provincial.prōvīsiō, ōnis[prōvideō,to foresee], f.,a foreseeing,foreknowledge;foresight,providence.prōvocō, seevocō.proximus, seepropior.prūdentia, ae[prūdēns,foreseeing], f.,foresight,practical wisdom,good sense.prūna, ae, f.,a burning coal,live coal.Prūsiās, ae, m., king of Bithynia 228-180B.C.Pseudopersēs, eī, m., a pretended son of Perseus.Pseudophilippus, ī, m., a pretended son of Philip, king of Macedonia.Ptolemaeus, ī, m., a name borne by the kings of Egypt after the time of Alexander the Great. 1.Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, 285-247B.C.2.Ptolemaeus Euergetēs, 247-222B.C.3.Ptolemaeus Philometor, 181-146B.C.4.Ptolemaeus Aulētēs, 47-43B.C.Ptolemāïs, is, f., a city in Libya.pūblicē[pūblicus], adv.,in the name of(by order of)the state,publicly,officially.pūblicus, a, um[orig.poplicus], adj.,belonging to the people,public;official.Pūblicola, ae, m.,L. (P.) Valerius Pūblicola, consul 509B.C.pudīcitia, ae[pudīcus], f.,modesty,virtue.pudīcus, a, um[pudeō,to be ashamed], adj.,modest,virtuous.puer, puerī, m.,a child;boy;slave.pūgna, ae, f.,a combat,fight,battle.pūgnātor, ōris, m.,a fighter,combatant.pūgnō, ārē, āvī, ātus[pūgna],to fight;oppose,resist.ex—expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus,to take by storm,capture;overpower,prevail upon.ob—oppūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus,to fight against,assault,besiege.Pulcher, chrī, m.,P. Claudius Pulcher, consul 249B.C.Pullus, ī, m.,L. Iūnius Pullus, consul 249B.C.Pulvillus, ī, m.,(M.) Horātius Pulvillus, consul 500B.C.Pūnicus, a, um, adj.,Phoenician,Punic;Carthaginian;Pūnicum bellum,Punic war, first, 264-241B.C.; second, 218-202B.C.; third, 149-146B.C.pūniō, īre, īvī, ītus[poena],to punish.Pupiēnus, ī, m.(M. Clōdius) Pupiēnus (Māximus), Roman emperor 238A.D.pūrgō, āre, āvī, ātus[pūrus + agō],to make clear;clear away,excuse.purpura, ae, f.,purple-color,purple,purple garment.purpureus, a, um[purpura], adj.,purple-colored;clothed in purple.purpurō, āre, āvī, ātus[purpura],to be clothed in purple.putō, āre, āvī, ātus,to think,consider,suppose.Pylaemēnēs, is, m., king of Paphlagonia.Pȳrēnaeus, a, um, adj. (sc.mōns),the Pyrenees mountains.Pyrrhus, ī, m., king of Epirus, waged war against Rome 281-272B.C.Q.Q., abbreviation of thepraenomenQuīntus.Quādī, ōrum, pl. m., a Suabian people.quadrāgēsimus, a, um[quadrāgintā], num. adj.,fortieth.quadriennium, ī[quattuor+annus], n.,a period of four years.quadringentī, ae, a[quattuor+centum], num. adj.,four hundred.quadringentiēs[quadringentī], num. adv.,four hundred times.quaerō, ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus,to seek;ask;get,obtain.quaestor, ōris[orig.quaesitor; cf.quaerō,quaesō], m.,quaestor,quartermaster, a name given to certain magistrates who had the care of public moneys and military supplies, both at Rome and in the provinces.qualis, e, adj., (1) interrog.,of what kind?what sort of?(2) rel.,of such a kind,such as,as.quam[quis], adv.,how,how much; after a comp.,than; with a sup.,as possible;quam prīmum,as soon as possible;quamdiū,as long as;tam … quam,as … so, not only … but also.quamquam, conj.,although,even if.quamvīs[quam+vīs, fromvolō], adv. and conj.,however much,although.quantus, a, um[quam], adj., (1) interrog.,how great?how much?(2) rel., correl. totantus,as great as,as.quantum, adv.,how much?how far?quārē[quā+rē], adv., (1) interrog.,why?(2) rel.,for which reason,wherefore,therefore.quārtō[quārtus], adv.,for the fourth time.quārtus, a, um[quattuor], num. adj.,fourth.quasi, adv. and conj.,as if,just as if,as though;on the ground that.quātenus, adv., (1) interrog.,to what point?how far?(2) rel.,as far as.quater[quattuor], num. adv.,four times.quaternī, ae, a[quater], dist. num. adj.,four each,by fours,four at a time.quattuor, indecl. num. adj.,four.quattuordecim[quattuor+decem], indecl. num. adj.,fourteen.-que, conj. enclitic,and,and yet,but.queror, ī, questus sum,to complain.quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.,who,which,what,that;whoever,whatever.quī, quae, orqua, quod, indef. pron. used adjectivally,any,some.quia, conj.,because,since.quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, indef. rel. pron.,whoever,whichever,whatever.quīdam, quaedam, quiddam, and as adj.,quoddam, indef. pron., acertain one,somebody;a certain.quidem, adv.,indeed,in fact,to be sure;nē … quidem,not even,not at all.quiēscō, ere, ēvī, ētus,to rest,repose,keep quiet.quiētus, a, um[quiēscō], adj.,at rest,free from exertion;undisturbed,quiet,peaceful.quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet(quidlibet), indef. pron.,any one you please,any one,whoorwhatsoever.quīn[quī, adv.,how?+ne], conj.,how not?why not?that,that not,but that;quīn etoretiam,nay more.quīngentēsimus, a, um[quīngentī], num. adj.,five hundredth.quīngentī, ae, a[quīnque+centum], num. adj.,five hundred.quīnī, ae, a[quīnque], dist. num. adj.,five each,by fives.quīnquāgēsimus, a, um[quīnquāgintā], num. adj.,fiftieth.quīnquāgintā, indecl. num. adj.,fifty.quīnque, indecl. num. adj.,five.Quīnquegentiānī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Libya.Quīntillus, ī, m.,(M. Aurēlius) Quīntillus, brother of the emperor M. Aurelius Claudius.Quīntius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCincinnātus,Flaminīnus.quīntō[quīntus], num. adv.,for the fifth time.quīntus, a, um[quīnque], num. adj.,fifth.
mōrātus, a, um[mōs], adj.,mannered,of morals,constituted;characteristic.
morbus, ī, m.,sickness,disease.
morior, morī, mortuus sum,to die.
moror, ārī, ātus sum[mora,delay],to delay,wait.
mors, mortis[morior], f.,death.
mōs, mōris, m.,a custom,habit;manner,fashion; pl.,customs,character.
mōtus, ūs[moveō], m.,motion,disturbance,revolt.
moveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to move,remove;influence,excite.con—commoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to arouse,disturb,move,influence.re—removeō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to remove,put aside,dismiss,withdraw.sub—submoveō, ēre, mōvī, mōtus,to drive off,dislodge.
mox, adv.,soon,directly,then.
Mūcius, ī, m., seeScaevola.
muliebris, e[mulier,a woman], adj.,pertaining to a woman, woman-like.
multitūdō, inis[multus], f.,a multitude.
multō, āre, āvī, ātus[multa,a fine],to fine,deprive;punish,condemn.
multō[multus], adv.,by far,much.
multus, a, um, adj., comp.plūs, sup.plūrimus;much,many a; pl.,many.
Mulvius, a, um, adj.,Mulvian;Mulvius pōns, the Mulvian bridge, about two miles north of Rome.
Mummius, ī, m.,L. Mummius, the conqueror of Corinth; consul 146B.C.
Munda, ae, f., a Roman colony in the south of Spain, where a battle was fought in 45B.C.between Caesar and the Pompeians.
mūniō, īre, īvī (iī), ītus[moenia,walls],to fortify,secure,guard.
mūnus, eris, n.,duty,service;present,gift.
Mūrēna, ae, m.,L. (Licinius) Mūrēna, consul 62B.C.
murrinus, a, um, adj.,oforbelonging to the stone murra,murine.
Mursa, ae, f., a town in Pannonia.
mūrus, ī, m.,a wall.
Mūs, Mūris, m.,(P.) Decius Mūs, consul 279B.C.
mūtō, āre, āvī, ātus,to change.
Nabis, idis, m.,tyrant of Sparta.
nactus, seenancīscor.
nam, conj.,for,but.
nancīscor, ī, nactus sum,to get,obtain.
Narbō, ōnis, m., a city in the southern part of Gaul.
nārrātiō, ōnis[nārrō,to tell], f.,a relating,narrative.
Narseus, ī, m., king of Persia, 294-303A.D.
Nāsīca, seeScīpiō.
nāscor, ī, nātus sum,to be born;spring from,arise.
nātiō, ōnis[nāscor], f.,nation,tribe,people.
nātūra, ae[nātus], f.,nature,disposition;situation.
nātus, a, um[nāscor], adj., lit.born; withannōsand numerals,old.
naufragium, ī[nāvis+frangō], n.,shipwreck,ruin.
nāvālis, e[nāvis], adj.,naval.
nāvigātiō, ōnis[nāvigō], f.,a voyage;navigation.
nāvigō, āre, āvī, ātus[nāvis+agō],to sail,navigate.
nāvis, is, f.,ship,vessel;nāvis longa,war ship,galley;nāvis onerāria, transport.
nē, 1, adv.,not;nē … quidem,not even,not at all; 2, conj.,in order that not,lest,not to,for fear that.
ne, enclitic interrog. particle, used (1) in direct questions, and then translatable only by the inflection of the voice; (2) as conj. with indirect questions,whether.
nec, seeneque.
necessārius, a, um[necesse,necessary], adj.,necessary,indispensable; as subst.,an intimate friend,relative.
necessitūdō, inis[necesse,necessary], f.,friendship,intimacy.
neglegenter[neglegēns,heedless], adv.,heedlessly,carelessly,negligently.
negō, āre, āvi, ātus,to say no,deny,refuse.
negōtium, ī[nec+ōtium], n.,business;toil,labor,trouble.
nēmō, inis[nē+homō], m. and f.,no one.
Nepotiānus, ī, m.,(Flavius Popilius) Nepotiānus, Roman emperor for 28 days in 350A.D.
nepōs, ōtis, m.,grandson;nephew(late); pl.,descendants.
nēquāquam[nē+quāquam,anywhere], adv.,not at all,by no means.
nequeornec[nē+que], adv. and conj.,and not,but not,nor,nor yet;neque (nec) … neque (nec),neither … nor.
Nerō, ōnis, m., 1. Nerō (Claudius Caesar Drūsus Germānicus), Roman emperor 54-68A.D.2.Appius Claudius Nerō, consul 207B.C.
Nerōniānus, a, um, adj.,belongingorpertaining to Nerō;Nerōniānae thermae.
Nerva, ae, m.(M. Coccēius) Nerva, Roman emperor 96-98A.D.
neuter, tra, trum[nē+uter], pron.,neither(of two).
nex, necis, f.,death;murder,slaughter.
Nīcomēdēnsēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Nīcomēdia.
Nīcomēdia, ae, f., the capital city of Bithynia in Asia Minor.
Nicomēdēs, is, m., 1. Surnamed Epiphanes, king of Bithynia, 149-91B.C.2. Surnamed Philopator, king of Bithynia, 91-74B.C.
Niger, grī, m.(C.) Pescennius Niger, Roman emperor 193-194A.D.
nihil[nē+hilum,a trifle], n., indecl.,nothing,not at all.
Nīlus, ī, m.,the river Nile.
nimietās, ātis[nimius], f.,a too great number or quantity;superfluity,excess.
nimis, adv.,too much,very,excessively.
nimius, a, um[nimis], adj.,too much,too great,excessive.
nisi[nē+sī], conj.,if not,unless,except.
Nisibis, is, f., a city in Mesopotamia.
nītor, ī, nīsusornīxus sum,to strive,attempt;rely upon.ad—adnītor, ī, nīsusornīxus sum,to lean against or upon;strive.
Nōbiliōr, ōris, m., a celebrated Roman family. 1.M. Fulvius (Nōbiliōr), consul 189B.C.2.Ser. Fulvius Nōbiliōr, consul 255B.C.
nōbilis, e[nōscō], adj.,noted,notable;renowned,noble.
nōbilitās, ātis[nōbilis], f.,renown,nobility;the nobles.
nōbiliter[nōbilis], adv.,famously,excellently,splendidly,nobly.
nocturnus, a, um[nox], adj.,by night,nocturnal.
Nōla, ae, f., a city in Campania in Italy.
nōlō, seevolō.
nōmen, inis[nōscō], n.,a name;account;pretense;authority.
Nōmentānus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Nōmentum, a Sabine city.
nōminō, āre, āvī, ātus[nōmen],to name,call,mention.
nōn, adv.,not,no.
Nōnae, ārum, pl. f.,the Nones, the seventh of March, May, July, and October, and the fifth of other months.
nōnāgēsimus, a, um[nōnāgintā], num. adj.,ninetieth.
nōnāgintā, indecl. num. adj.,ninety.
nōnnūllus, a, um[nōn+nūllus], adj.,some,several.
nōnus, a, um[novem], num. adj.,ninth.
Norbānus, ī, m.(C.) Norbānus, consul 83B.C.
Nōricum, ī, n., a Roman province south of the Danube.
nōscō, ere, nōvī, nōtus,to come to know,become acquainted with; in perf. system,to know.
ad—āgnōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus,to recognize.con—cognōscō, ere, cognōvī, cognitus,to learn,perceive,understand.re+con—recognōscō, ere, gnōvī, gnitus,to recall,recognize.
noster, tra, trum[nōs], adj.,our,our own.
notābilis, e[notō,to mark],adj.,noteworthy,conspicuous,notable.
nōtus, a, um[nōscō], adj.,well known,familiar.
novem, num. adj.,nine.
noverca, ae, f.,stepmother.
novus, a, um, adj.,fresh,new,young,recent;novae rēs,a revolution.
nox, noctis, f.,night.
nūbō, ere, nūpsī, nūptus,to veil one’s self,marry.
nūdō, āre, āvī, ātus[nūdus],to make bare,strip,expose.
nūdus, a, um, adj.,naked,bare.
nūllus, a, um[nē+ūllus] (gen.nūllīus, dat.nūllī), adj.,none,no; as subst.,no one.
Numa, ae, m., seePompilius.
Numantia, ae, f., a city in Spain.
Numantīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Numantia.
nūmen, inis[nuō,to nod], n., a divinity, power.
numerōsus, a, um[numerus], adj.,in full numbers,numerous,manifold.
Numeriānus, ī, m., the younger of the two sons of the emperor Carus.
numerus, ī, m.,number,account;character,rank.
Numidae, ārum, pl. m.,the Numidians.
Numidia, ae, f., a country of northern Africa, west of Carthage.
nummus, ī, m.,money;coin;sesterce(＝ 4.1 cents).
numquam[nē+umquam], adv.,never.
nunc, adv.,at the present moment,now.
nūncupō, āre, āvī, ātus[nōmen+capiō],to call,call by name.
nūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus[nūntius],to tell,announce,report.dē—dēnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus,to announce,denounce,order,threaten.prō—prōnūntiō, āre, āvī, ātus,to tell,declare,recite,appoint.
nūntius, ī, m.,a messenger;message.
nusquam[nē+usquam], adv.,nowhere,in no place.
nūtō, āre, āvī, ātus,to nod;waver,be ready to give way.
ob, prep. with acc.,to,towards;for,on account of,by reason of.
obeō, seeeō.
obiciō, see*iaciō.
obitus, ūs[obeō], m.,destruction,death.
oboediō, seeaudiō.
obscēnē[obscēnus,ill-omened], adv., sup.obscēnissimē;immodestly,indecently.
obscēnitās, ātis[obscēnus,ill-omened], f.,moral impurity,foulness,unchastity,lewdness,obscenity.
obscūrē[obscūrus], adv., comp.obscūrius, sup.obscūrissimē;obscurely.
obscūrus, a, um, adj.,dark,obscure;ignoble,mean,low.
obsecrō, see*sacrō.
obsequor, seesequor.
obses, idis[obsideō], m. and f.,a hostage.
obsideō, seesedeō.
obsidiō, ōnis[obsideō], f.,a siege.
obtemperō, āre, āvī, ātus[temperō,to soften],to submit.
obtineō, seeteneō.
obvius, a, um[ob+via], adj.,in the way,meeting; withesse, fierī, orvenīre,to meet.
occāsiō, ōnis[occidō,to happen], f.,an occasion,opportunity.
Occidēns, tis[occidō], m. (sc.sōl),the setting sun,the West,the Occident.
occīdō, seecaedō.
occulō, ere, culuī, cultus,to cover,cover over;hide,conceal.
occultō, āre, āvī, ātus[freq. ofocculō],to hide,conceal;secrete.
occultus, a, um[occulō], adj.,hidden,secret,concealed.
occupō, āre, āvī, ātus[ob+capiō],to take possession of,seize,hold,occupy;attack,employ.
occurrō, seecurrō.
Ōceanus, ī, m., the Atlantic and its divisions in contrast with the Mediterranean Sea.
Octāviāna, ae, f., sister of Octavianus and wife of M. Antonius.
Octāviānus, ī, m., seeCaesar, Augustus.
Octāvius, ī, m.,C. Octāvius, consul 87B.C.
octāvus, a, um[octō], num. adj.,eighth.
octingentēsimus, a, um[octingentī], num. adj.,eight hundredth.
octingentī, ae, a[octō+centum], num. adj.,eight hundred.
octō, indecl. num. adj.,eight.
octōdecim[octō+decem], indecl. num. adj.,eighteen.
octōgēsimus, a, um[octōgintā], num. adj.,eightieth.
octōgintā[octō], indecl. num. adj.,eighty.
oculus, ī, m.,the eye.
Odenāthus, ī, m., ruler of Palmyra. He checked the incursions of the Persians, and was honored with the title of Augustus by Gallienus.
odēum, ī, n.,a public building designed for musical performances,odeon.
odium, ī[odī,to hate], n.,hatred,aversion.
odor, ōris, m.,odor,stench.
Oenomaus, ī, m., a leader of the gladiators who revolted with Spartacus.
offēnsa, ae, f.,disfavor,offense,hatred,enmity.
offerō, seeferō.
officium, ī[opus+faciō], n.,service,favor;duty,office.
Ogulnius, ī, m.,Q. Ogulnius, consul 269B.C.
olim[ole, old form ofille], adv.,formerly.
Olympias, adis, f.,an Olympiad, the space of four years intervening between the games at Olympus. The period was used in assigning dates, the first Olympiad beginning in 776B.C.
Olympus, ī, m., a city in Lycia in Asia Minor.
ōmen, inis, n.,a foreboding,prognostication,omen.
omnīnō[omnis], adv.,in all,altogether,only,in general;at all.
omnis, e, adj.,every,all.
opera, ae[opus], f.,work,pains,aid;operam dare,to attend to,assist,aid.
opifex, ficis[opus+faciō], m.,workman,artisan.
opīnor, ārī, ātus sum,to think,believe.
oppidum, ī, n.,a walled town.
Oppius, ī, m., seeSabīnus.
opprimō, seepremō.
oppūgnātiō, ōnis[oppūgnō], f.,an assault,attack,siege.
oppūgnō, seepūgnō.
(ops),opis, f.,power,help; pl.opēs, um,wealth,resources.
optimus, seebonus.
optō, āre, āvī, ātus,to hope,desire.
ad—adoptō, āre, āvī, ātus,to adopt.
opulentus, a, um[ops], adj.,rich,wealthy.
opus, operis, n.,work,business,need;fortification.
ōrātor, ōris[ōrō], m.,an orator,ambassador.
orbis, is, m.,circle;orbis terraeorterrārum,the world.
orbitās, ātis[orbus,destitute], f.,bereavement,orphanage.
Orchadēs, um, pl. f., a group of islands north of Scotland, now Orkney Islands.
ōrdinārius, a, um[ōrdinō], adj.,of order,usual,regular,ordinary.
ōrdinō, āre, āvī, ātus[ōrdō],to arrange,regulate.
ōrdō, inis, f.,an order,rank,row.
Orestēs, is, m.,Cn. Aufidius Orestes, consul 73B.C.
Oriēns, entis[orior], m. (sc.sōl),the rising sun,the East,the Orient.
orīgō, inis[orior], f.,an origin,source,pedigree.
orior, īrī, ortus sum,to rise,begin,spring from.
oriundus, a, um[orior], adj.,descended,sprung from,originating,born.
ōrnāmentum, ī[ōrnō,to fit out], n.,a preparation;decoration,ornament,jewel.
ōrō, āre, āvī, ātus[ōs,mouth],to pray,beg,entreat.
ad—adōrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to supplicate;worship,reverence.
Orōdēs, is, m., a king of the Parthians, conquered by Pompey.
os, ossis, n.,a bone.
Osdroēna, ae, f.,Osroēnē, a district in the west of Mesopotamia.
Osdroēnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Osdroēna.
ostendō, seetendō.
ōstiātim, adv.,from door to door,from house to house.
ōstium, ī[ōs,mouth], m.,the mouth of a river.
Otācilius, ī, m.,(T.) Otācilius Crassus, consul 263B.C.
Othō, ōnis, m.,(M. Salvius) Othō, Roman emperor from January 15 to April 16, 69A.D.
ōtium, ī, n.,leisure;ease,idleness;rest,peace.
ovō, āre, —, —,to exult,rejoice;receive an ovation,triumph.
P., abbreviation of the praenomen Publius.
pācō, āre, āvī, ātus[pāx],to pacify,make peaceful.
Pacorus, ī, m., son of Orodes I., king of Parthia.
Paelīgnī, ōrum, pl. m., a Sabine people dwelling in central Italy.
paene, adv.,almost,nearly.
Palaeopharsālus, ī, f., a city in Thessaly where Caesar defeated Pompey 48B.C.It is generally written Pharsalus.
Palaestīna, ae, f.,Palestine.
palam, adv.,openly,publicly.
Palātīnus, ī(sc.mōns), adj.,the Palatine Hill.
Palātium, ī, n.,the Palatine Hill;the imperial palace, which was on the hill.
pallium, ī, n.,a Grecian cloak,mantle.
palūs, ūdis, f.,a marsh,fen.
Pamphȳlia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.
Pannonia, ae, f., one of the most important provinces of Rome, lying between the Danube and the Alps.
Pannonicus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Pannonia.
Pannoniī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Pannonia.
Pānsa, ae, m.,(C. Vibius) Pānsa, consul 43B.C.
Panticapaeum, ī, n., a city in the modern Crimea.
Paphlagōn, onis, m.,a Paphlagonian.
Paphlagonia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.
Papirius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCarbō,Cursor.
parēns, entis[pariō], m. and f.,a father or mother,parent;relative(late).
pāreō, ēre, uī, —,to appear;obey,serve.ad—appāreō, ēre, uī, —,to become visible,appear;serve.con—compāreō, ēre, uī, —,to appear,show one’s self.
*pariō, ere, peperī, partus,to give birth to,bring forth.ab—āperiō, īre, uī, tus,to uncover,bare;open,disclose.con—comperiō, īre, perī, pertus,to find out,learn.re—reperiō, īre, repperī, repertus,to find(again),meet with,discover.
parō, āre, āvī, ātus,to make ready,prepare;resolve,plan;get,acquire.con—comparō, āre, āvī, ātus,to make ready,prepare;obtain,procure.prae—praeparō, āre, āvī, ātus,to make ready beforehand,provide.re—reparō, āre, āvī, ātus,to renew.
parricīdium, ī[pater+caedō], n.,murder of a father,parricide.
pars, partis, f.,a part,number;district;side,direction;party,faction.
Parthenius, ī, m., the slayer of Domitian.
Parthenopolis, is, f., a city in Lower Moesia on the Black Sea.
Parthī, ōrum, pl. m., a Scythian people southeast of the Caspian Sea.
Parthicus, a, um, adj.,belonging to Parthia, cognomen ofSeptimius Sevērus.
Parthomasīris, is, m., king of Armenia.
partim[pars], adv.,partly.
partus, ūs[pariō], m.,a bringing forth,delivery,birth;progeny.
parum, adv.,too little,not enough; comp.,minus,less,by no means,not; sup.,minime,least of all,by no means,not at all;as a subst.,parum, indecl. n.,too little,not enough.
parvus, a, um, adj.,little,small; comp.,minor,smaller,less;younger(sc.nātū); sup.,minimus,smallest,least.
pāscō, ere, pāvī, pāstus,to feed; of animals,to graze,browse.
passus, ūs[passusfrompandō,to spread], m.,a step,pace;mīlle passuum, pl.mīlia passuum, a Roman mile ＝ 4854 English feet.
patefaciō, ere, fēcī, factus[pateō+faciō],to lay open,disclose,bring to light.
pateō, ēre, uī, —,to be open,extend,be manifest.
pater, tris, m.,a father,ancestor.
paternus, a, um[pater], adj.,fatherly,of a father.
patior, patī, passus sum,to suffer,bear,endure;experience;allow,permit.per—perpetior, ī, pessus sum,to endure,be patient under.
patria, ae[pater], f.,fatherland,country,home.
patrimōnium, ī[pater], n.,inheritance,patrimony,property.
patrō, āre, āvī, ātus,to carry out,perform,execute.
patruēlis, e[patruus], adj.,of a father’s brother,child of a father’s brother; as subst.,a cousin.
patruus, ī[pater] m.,of a father’s brother,paternal uncle.
paucus, a, um, adj.,few,little.
paulisper[paulum,by a little], adv.,a short time.
paulus, a, um, adj.,little,small; as subst.,paulum, ī, n.,a little,trifle; abl.,paulō,by a little.
Paulus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1.L. Aemilius Paulus, consul 216B.C.2.L. Aemilius Paulus, surnamed Macedonicus, consul 168B.C.3.M. Aemilius Paulus, consul 255B.C.
pauper, eris, adj.,poor.
pāx, pācis, f.,peace.
pectus, oris, n.,the breast.
pecūnia, ae[pecus,cattle], f.,money.
pedes, itis[pēs], m.,a foot soldier,infantry.
pellō, ere, pepulī, pulsus,to drive outoraway,expel;defeat,rout.ad—appellō, āre, āvī, ātus,to call,address,name;appeal to;accuse.con—compellō, ere, pulī, pulsus,to drive together,collect;force,compel.ex—expellō, ere, pulī, pulsus,to drive outoraway,expel,dislodge.in—impellō, ere, pulī, pulsus,to urge on,incite,impel.
pendeō, ēre, pependī, —,to hang,be suspended;rest,depend.
penetrō, āre, āvī, ātus[penitus],to enter,penetrate.
penitus, adv.,inwardly,within;deeply,completely.
per, prep. with acc. (1) of place,through,across,over,throughout; (2) of time,through,during; (3) of means or agency,by means of,by the agency of,through.
percussor, ōris[percutiō], m.,a stabber,murderer.
percutiō, ere, cussī, cussus[per+quatiō,to shake],to thrust through,strike,kill.
perdō, seedō.
perdomō, seedomō.
pereō, seeeō.
perferō, seeferō.
perficiō, seefaciō.
perfidia, ae[perfidus,faithless], f.,treachery.
perfuga, ae[perfugiō,to flee for refuge], m.,a fugitive,deserter,refuge.
Pergamum, ī, n., a city in Mysia in Asia Minor.
pergō, seeregō.
perīculum, ī, n.,trial;danger,peril.
perimō, seeemō.
perinde[per+inde], adv.,in the same manner,just as,equally.
perītus, a, um, adj.,skillful,experienced,familiar with.
permaneō, seemaneō.
permittō, seemittō.
permūtātiō, ōnis[permūtō,to change], f.,change,exchange.
perniciēs, ēī[per+nex], f.,destruction,ruin.
perniciōsē[perniciōsus], adv.,dangerously,destructively.
perniciōsus, a, um[perniciēs], adj.,dangerous,destructive.
Perperna, ae, m.,(M.) Perperna, consul 130B.C.
perpetior, seepatior.
perpetuus, a, um, adj.,continuous,uninterrupted;in perpetuum,forever.
Persae, ārum, pl. m.,the Persians.
persequor, seesequor.
Perseus, eī, m., the last king of Macedonia, 178-168B.C.
persevērō, āre, āvī, ātus,to persist,persevere.
Persis, idis, f.,Persia.
Pertināx, ācis, m.,(Helvius) Pertināx, Roman emperor from January 1 to March 28, 193A.D.
Perusia, ae, f., an ancient town in Etruria in Italy.
perveniō, seeveniō.
pēs, pedis, m.,a foot,pedem referre,to retreat.
Pescennius, ī, m., seeNiger.
pestilentia, ae[pestis,plague], f.,a pestilence,plague.
petō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus,to strive for,seek;beg,ask,request;assail,attack.ad—appetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus,to strive for,reach after;assail,attack;long for,desire;draw nigh,approach,be at hand.re—repetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus,to seek again,try to get back,demand back;recall,repeat;attack.
Petrēius, ī, m.,M. Petrēius, a partisan of Pompey; fought against Caesar in Spain, Greece, and Africa.
Petrōnius, ī, m.,Petrōnius Secundus, a partisan of Nerva.
Pharnacēs, is, m., Gr. acc.Pharnacēn, the son of Mithradates, who succeeded his father as king of Pontus.
Phasēlis, idis, f., a city of Lycia in Asia Minor.
Philippī, ōrum, pl. m., a city in Macedonia where Brutus and Cassius were defeated by Octavian 44B.C.
Philippus, ī, m., 1.Philip V., king of Macedonia 220-178B.C.2.(M. Iūlius) Philippus I., Roman emperor 244-249A.D.3.(M. Iūlius) Philippus II., son of (2). 4.L. Mārcius Philippus, consul 91B.C.5.Q. Mārcius Philippus, consul 186B.C.
philosophia, ae, f.,philosophy.
philosophus, ī, m.,a philosopher.
Phoenīcē, ēs, f.,Phoenicia, a country of Syria.
Phrygia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.
Pīcentēs, ium, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Picenum.
Pīcēnum, ī, n., a division of Italy on the Adriatic Sea, north of Latium.
pīlum, ī, n.,a heavy javelin;pike.
pingō, ere, pīnxī, pīctus,to paint;represent,delineate,portray.
Pīraeus, ī, m., the chief harbor of Athens.
pīrāta, ae, m.,a pirate.
pīrāticus, a, um[pīrāta], adj., pertaining to pirates, piratical;Pīrāticum bellum,war against the pirates.
piscis, is, f.,a fish.
piscor, ārī, ātus sum[piscis],to fish.
pius, a, um, adj.,reverent,pious.
placeō, ēre, uī, —,to please,be agreeable to;seem best to; impers.,placet, placuit, placitum est,to be resolved by.dis—displiceō, ēre, uī, —,to displease.
placidus, a, um, [placō,to soothe], adj.,calm,quiet,tranquil.
Plautius, ī, m.,A. Plautius, sent by the emperor Claudius in 43A.D.to subdue Britain.
plēbs, plēbis, andplēbēs, ēī, f.,the common people,populace,plebeians.
plēnus, a, um[pleō], adj.,full.
*pleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill.con—compleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill(to the brim);complete.ex—expleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill up,fill.in—impleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus,to fill up,finish.
plērīque, aeque, aque, adj.,very many,most.
plērumque, adv.,mostly,generally,very often.
Plōtīna, ae, f., the wife of the emperor Trajan.
plūrimus, seemultus.
Plūtarchus, ī, m., a Greek philosopher and biographer.
pōculum, ī, n.,cup.
poēma, atis, n.,a poem.
poena, ae, f.,compensation,punishment,penalty.
Poenī, ōrum, pl. m.,the Carthaginians.
Polemō, ōnis, m., king of Pontus 39-62A.D.
Polemōniacus, a, um, adj.,belonging to Polemō.
polliceor, ērī, itus sum,to promise,volunteer.
pompa, ae, f.,a procession,parade,pomp.
Pompēius, ī, m., 1.Cn. Pompēius, consul 89B.C.2.Cn. Pompēius, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70B.C.3.Cn. Pompēius, son of the triumvir. 4.Q. Pompēius, consul 141B.C.5.Sex. Pompēius, younger son of the triumvir.
Pompilius, ī, m.,Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, 715-672B.C.
pondō[pondus], adv.,by weight.
pondus, eris, [pendo,to weigh], n.,weight.
pōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to put down,place,set,deposit;serve(at meals);spend;set up,build;pitch.ad—appōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to put before,place near;serve(at table).con—compōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to arrange,settle;conclude,finish.dē—dēpōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to lay downoraside,put down;stop;arrange,establish.dis—dispōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to arrange,array,dispose.in—impōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to placeorput uponorin;establish.prae—praepōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to set over,put in charge of.re—repōnō, ere, posuī, positus,to put back,replace,restore.
pōns, pontis, m.,a bridge.
Ponticus, a, um, adj.,pertaining to Pontus;Ponticum(mare), the Black Sea.
pontifex, ficis, m.,priest.
Pontius, ī, m., seeTelesīnus.
Pontus, ī, m., 1.Pontus Euxīnus, the Black Sea. 2. A country of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.
populō, āre, āvī, ātus,to plunder,ravage,lay waste.dē—dēpopulor, ārī, ātus sum,to lay waste,ravage,plunder,pillage.
populus, ī, m.,a people,nation.
Porcius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCatō.
porrō[prō], adv.,forward,henceforth,furthermore,again.
Porsenna, ae, m.,Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium in Etruria.
porta, ae, f.,a city gate,gate.
*portō, āre, āvī, ātus[porta],to bear,carry.ex—exportō, āre, āvī, ātus,to carry out,export.re—reportō, āre, āvī, ātus,to carry back,report.
porticus, ūs, f.,a colonnade,arcade,portico.
pōscō, ere, poposcī, —,to ask,demand.
possideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus[sedeō],to occupy,hold,possess.
possum, posse, potuī, —[potis,able+sum],to be able,can;plurimum posse,to have great power.
post, (1) adv.,after,later,afterwards; (2) prep. with acc.,after,behind.
posteā[post+is], adv.,afterwards.
posterus, a, um[post], adj.,following,next; comp.posterior, us, gen.ōris,later; sup.postrēmus,last,lowest;ad postērum,finally; as subst.,posterī, ōrum, pl. m.,descendants,posterity.
postquamorpost … quam[post+quam], conj.,after,when.
postrēmō[posterus], adv.,at last,finally.
Postumius, ī, m., seeAlbīnus.
Postumus, ī, m.,(M. Cassiānus) Postumus, one of the Thirty Tyrants.
potēns, entis[possum], adj.,powerful.
potestās, ātis[possum], f.,power,might;opportunity,permission;authority,sovereignty.
potior, īrī, ītus sum[potis,able],to get possession,acquire.
potius[comp. ofpotis,able], adv., sup.potissimum;rather,more,sooner.
prae, prep. with abl.,before,in front of,in comparison with.
praebeō, see habeō.
praecēdō, seecēdō.
praeceps, cipitis[prae+caput], adj.,headlong,hasty;steep,precipitous.
praecipiō, seecapiō.
praecipitō, āre, āvī, ātus[praeceps],to throw headlong,cast down;rush down.
praecipuē[praecipuus], adv.,chiefly,principally,especially.
praecipuus, a, um[praecipiō], adj.,special,particular;eminent,prominent.
praeclārus, a, um[prae+clārus], adj.,very brightorbrilliant,excellent,distinguished.
praeda, ae, f.,booty,spoil,plunder.
praefectūra, ae, f.,the office of overseer,superintendence;praefecture.
praefectus, ī, m.,overseer,superintendent;praefect.
praeferō, seeferō.
praeficiō, seefaciō.
praemium, ī[prae+emō], n.,reward,prize.
Praeneste, is, n., a town in Latium east of Rome, modern Palestrina.
Praenestīnī, ōrum, pl. m.,the inhabitants of Praeneste.
praeparō, seeparō.
praepōnō, seepōnō.
praesēns, entis[praesum], adj.,at hand,present.
praeses, sidis[praesideō], m.,a protector,guard,defender;president.
praesidium, ī[praesideō], n.,help,aid,defense;defensive force,garrison;fort,station,post.
praestō, seestō.
praesum, seesum.
praeter, prep. with acc.,past,beyond;contrary to,against;besides,except.
praetereā[praeter+is], adv.,in addition to this,besides,moreover.
praetermittō, seemittō.
praetexō, ere, uī, tus[texō,to weave], to provide with a border;toga praetexta,a(purple)bordered toga, worn by magistrates and freeborn children till the sixteenth or seventeenth year, when they became of age and assumed thetoga virīlis, which was wholly white; the girls wore thetoga praetextauntil they married.
praetor, ōris[orig.praeitor, fromprae+eō], m.,a leader,commander;praetor,magistrate,judge.
praetōriānus, a, um[praetōrium], adj.,belonging to the bodyguard;praetorian; as subst.,praetōriānī, ōrum, pl. m.,the praetorians.
praetōrium, ī, n.,the imperial bodyguard.
praetōrius, a, um[praetor], adj.,oforbelonging to the praetororcommander; as subst.,praetōrius, ī, m.,a man of praetorian rank, an ex-praetor.
praeveniō, seeveniō.
prandium, ī, n.,lunch.
prāvus, a, um, adj.,crooked,wrong;perverse,wicked.
*prehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus,to grasp.dē—dēprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus,to seize,catch;surprise,detect,discover.re—reprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus,to hold back,check;blame,criticise,reprove.
premō, ere, pressī, pressus,to press;press hard,crush.ob—opprimō, ere, pressī, pressus,to crush utterly,overpower,overwhelm.
pretium, ī, n.,price,value;reward,money,ransom.
prīmō[prīmus], adv.,at first.
prīmum[prīmus], adv.,first.
prīmus, seeprior.
prīnceps, cipis[prīmus+capio], adj.,first,foremost; as subst. m.,leading man,chief,leader.
prīncipātus, ūs[prīnceps], m.,a chief authority(in the state);headship,leadership;reign,sovereignty.
prīncipium, ī[prīnceps], n.,beginning,origin.
prior, us, gen.priōris, comp. adj., former, previous, first, prior; sup.prīmus,first,foremost.
prīscus, a, um[prius], adj.,former,elder;primitive,strict.
Prīscus, ī, m., seeTarquinius.
prīstinus, a, um[prius], adj.,former,old.
prius[prior], adv.,before,sooner,previously,first of all.
prīvātim[prīvātus], adv.,privately,as a single individual.
prīvātus, a, um[prīvō,to set apart], adj.,private,individual; as subst.,prīvātus, ī, m.,a man in private life,a private citizen.
prīvīgna, ae, f.,a stepdaughter.
prīvīgnus, ī, m.,a stepson.
prō, prep. with abl.,in front of,before in behalf of;in comparison with,in accordance with.
probe[probus, estimable], adv.,right,well,properly,correctly.
probrōsus, a, um[probrum], adj.,shameful,ignominious,infamous.
probrum, ī, m.,a shameful act,base deed;immodesty,lewdness;insult,reproach.
Probus, ī, m.,(M. Aurēlius) Probus, Roman emperor 276-282A.D.
prōcēdō, seecēdō.
prōclīvus, a, um[prō+clīvus,slope], adj.,sloping,steep;liable,prone;subject,ready.
prōcōnsul, is[prō,in place of+cōnsul], m.,a proconsul,governorof a province.
prōcōnsulātus, a, um[prōcōnsul], adj.,the office of a proconsul,proconsulate.
procul, adv.,at a distance,far from.
Proculus, ī, m., a famous Roman jurist.
prōcumbō, ere, cubuī, cubitus[prō+cumbō,to lie],to lie down,sink,fall forward;fall,sink down,be beaten down.
prōdō, seedō.
prōdūcō, seedūcō.
proelium, ī, n.,a battle,combat,engagement.
proficīscor, ī, fectus sum[prō+facīscor, fromfaciō],to set out,proceed;spring from.
prōflīgō, see*flīgō.
prōfluvium, ī, n.,a flowing forth;ventris prōfluvium,diarrhea.
profugiō, seefugiō.
prōgredior, see*gradior.
prōmittō, seemittō.
prōmptus, a, um[prōmō,to set forth], adj.,prepared,quick,prompt.
prōnūntiō, seenūntiō.
prōnus, a, um, adj.,turned forward,inclined;tendency;disposed,prone.
prōpalam[prō+palam], adv.,openly,publicly,manifestly.
prope, adv.,near by;nearly,almost.
prōpēnsus, a, um, adj.,hanging down;inclined,disposed,prone.
propior, us[prope], comp. adj.,nearer; sup.proximus,nearest,next;latest,last;next,following.
proprius, a, um, adj.,not common with others,own,special,individual.
propter, prep. with acc.,on account of.
proptereā[propter+is], adv.,for this reason,therefore;proptereā quod,because.
prōpūgnātor, ōris[prōpūgnō,to defend], m.,a defender.
prōscrībō, seescrībō.
prōscrīptiō, ōnis[prōscrībō], f.,a public notice of sale,proscription.
prōsequor, seesequor.
prōsperandprōsperus, a, um[prō+spēs], adj.,according to one’s hopes,favorable,prosperous.
prōsperē[prōsperus], adv.,propitiously,successfully.
prōstituō, see*statuō.
prōsum, seesum.
prōtrahō, seetrahō.
prōvidē[prōvideō,to provide,foresee], adv.,carefully,prudently(very rare).
prōvincia, ae, f.,an office,duty;province.
prōvinciālis, e[prōvincia], adj.,of a province,provincial; as subst.,prōvinciālis, is, m.,a provincial.
prōvīsiō, ōnis[prōvideō,to foresee], f.,a foreseeing,foreknowledge;foresight,providence.
prōvocō, seevocō.
proximus, seepropior.
prūdentia, ae[prūdēns,foreseeing], f.,foresight,practical wisdom,good sense.
prūna, ae, f.,a burning coal,live coal.
Prūsiās, ae, m., king of Bithynia 228-180B.C.
Pseudopersēs, eī, m., a pretended son of Perseus.
Pseudophilippus, ī, m., a pretended son of Philip, king of Macedonia.
Ptolemaeus, ī, m., a name borne by the kings of Egypt after the time of Alexander the Great. 1.Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, 285-247B.C.2.Ptolemaeus Euergetēs, 247-222B.C.3.Ptolemaeus Philometor, 181-146B.C.4.Ptolemaeus Aulētēs, 47-43B.C.
Ptolemāïs, is, f., a city in Libya.
pūblicē[pūblicus], adv.,in the name of(by order of)the state,publicly,officially.
pūblicus, a, um[orig.poplicus], adj.,belonging to the people,public;official.
Pūblicola, ae, m.,L. (P.) Valerius Pūblicola, consul 509B.C.
pudīcitia, ae[pudīcus], f.,modesty,virtue.
pudīcus, a, um[pudeō,to be ashamed], adj.,modest,virtuous.
puer, puerī, m.,a child;boy;slave.
pūgna, ae, f.,a combat,fight,battle.
pūgnātor, ōris, m.,a fighter,combatant.
pūgnō, ārē, āvī, ātus[pūgna],to fight;oppose,resist.ex—expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus,to take by storm,capture;overpower,prevail upon.ob—oppūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus,to fight against,assault,besiege.
Pulcher, chrī, m.,P. Claudius Pulcher, consul 249B.C.
Pullus, ī, m.,L. Iūnius Pullus, consul 249B.C.
Pulvillus, ī, m.,(M.) Horātius Pulvillus, consul 500B.C.
Pūnicus, a, um, adj.,Phoenician,Punic;Carthaginian;Pūnicum bellum,Punic war, first, 264-241B.C.; second, 218-202B.C.; third, 149-146B.C.
pūniō, īre, īvī, ītus[poena],to punish.
Pupiēnus, ī, m.(M. Clōdius) Pupiēnus (Māximus), Roman emperor 238A.D.
pūrgō, āre, āvī, ātus[pūrus + agō],to make clear;clear away,excuse.
purpura, ae, f.,purple-color,purple,purple garment.
purpureus, a, um[purpura], adj.,purple-colored;clothed in purple.
purpurō, āre, āvī, ātus[purpura],to be clothed in purple.
putō, āre, āvī, ātus,to think,consider,suppose.
Pylaemēnēs, is, m., king of Paphlagonia.
Pȳrēnaeus, a, um, adj. (sc.mōns),the Pyrenees mountains.
Pyrrhus, ī, m., king of Epirus, waged war against Rome 281-272B.C.
Q., abbreviation of thepraenomenQuīntus.
Quādī, ōrum, pl. m., a Suabian people.
quadrāgēsimus, a, um[quadrāgintā], num. adj.,fortieth.
quadriennium, ī[quattuor+annus], n.,a period of four years.
quadringentī, ae, a[quattuor+centum], num. adj.,four hundred.
quadringentiēs[quadringentī], num. adv.,four hundred times.
quaerō, ere, quaesīvī, quaesītus,to seek;ask;get,obtain.
quaestor, ōris[orig.quaesitor; cf.quaerō,quaesō], m.,quaestor,quartermaster, a name given to certain magistrates who had the care of public moneys and military supplies, both at Rome and in the provinces.
qualis, e, adj., (1) interrog.,of what kind?what sort of?(2) rel.,of such a kind,such as,as.
quam[quis], adv.,how,how much; after a comp.,than; with a sup.,as possible;quam prīmum,as soon as possible;quamdiū,as long as;tam … quam,as … so, not only … but also.
quamquam, conj.,although,even if.
quamvīs[quam+vīs, fromvolō], adv. and conj.,however much,although.
quantus, a, um[quam], adj., (1) interrog.,how great?how much?(2) rel., correl. totantus,as great as,as.
quantum, adv.,how much?how far?
quārē[quā+rē], adv., (1) interrog.,why?(2) rel.,for which reason,wherefore,therefore.
quārtō[quārtus], adv.,for the fourth time.
quārtus, a, um[quattuor], num. adj.,fourth.
quasi, adv. and conj.,as if,just as if,as though;on the ground that.
quātenus, adv., (1) interrog.,to what point?how far?(2) rel.,as far as.
quater[quattuor], num. adv.,four times.
quaternī, ae, a[quater], dist. num. adj.,four each,by fours,four at a time.
quattuor, indecl. num. adj.,four.
quattuordecim[quattuor+decem], indecl. num. adj.,fourteen.
-que, conj. enclitic,and,and yet,but.
queror, ī, questus sum,to complain.
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.,who,which,what,that;whoever,whatever.
quī, quae, orqua, quod, indef. pron. used adjectivally,any,some.
quia, conj.,because,since.
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, indef. rel. pron.,whoever,whichever,whatever.
quīdam, quaedam, quiddam, and as adj.,quoddam, indef. pron., acertain one,somebody;a certain.
quidem, adv.,indeed,in fact,to be sure;nē … quidem,not even,not at all.
quiēscō, ere, ēvī, ētus,to rest,repose,keep quiet.
quiētus, a, um[quiēscō], adj.,at rest,free from exertion;undisturbed,quiet,peaceful.
quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet(quidlibet), indef. pron.,any one you please,any one,whoorwhatsoever.
quīn[quī, adv.,how?+ne], conj.,how not?why not?that,that not,but that;quīn etoretiam,nay more.
quīngentēsimus, a, um[quīngentī], num. adj.,five hundredth.
quīngentī, ae, a[quīnque+centum], num. adj.,five hundred.
quīnī, ae, a[quīnque], dist. num. adj.,five each,by fives.
quīnquāgēsimus, a, um[quīnquāgintā], num. adj.,fiftieth.
quīnquāgintā, indecl. num. adj.,fifty.
quīnque, indecl. num. adj.,five.
Quīnquegentiānī, ōrum, pl. m., a people of Libya.
Quīntillus, ī, m.,(M. Aurēlius) Quīntillus, brother of the emperor M. Aurelius Claudius.
Quīntius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. SeeCincinnātus,Flaminīnus.
quīntō[quīntus], num. adv.,for the fifth time.
quīntus, a, um[quīnque], num. adj.,fifth.