28Definite, with Lamarck the variations are,341,344Dégénérations,87Demand and supply, like power and desire,222,300Demonstrative case, "this demonstrative case of neuter insects, &c.,"249,298,314Descent, with modification, spoken of as though synonymous with natural selection,248,356Design, and organism, shall we or shall we not connect these ideas?2—— Aristotle denied, Plato upheld, Haeckel on,4—— Prof. Clifford's denial of,6,7—— does certainly involve a designer who has an organism, who can think, and make mistakes,6,24—— a belief in both design and evolution, commonly held to be incompatible,9—— Sir W. Thomson and Sir J. Herschel on,11—— Paley on,12, &c.—— light thrown by embryology on the method of,25—— G. H. Lewes opposes,26—— the three positions in respect to, taken by Charles Darwin, Paley, and the earlier evolutionists,31—— the first evolutionists did not see that their view of evolution involved design,34—— from within as much design as from without,36—— was equivalent to theological design, with the early evolutionists,36—— if each step is taken designedly, the whole is done designedly,52,384—— and accident, the line between them hard to draw; shaking the bag, &c.,53,384—— instinct originated in,54—— as much lost sight of with old-established forms of the steam-engine as with birds' nests or the wheel,55—— Dr. E. Darwin's failure to see that evolution involves design,195—— we feel the want of, as much as we do of evolution,407—— evolution not only tolerates, but cannot get on without,408Designer, "I believe in an organic and tangible designer of every complex structure,"6—— "where is he? show him to us," &c.,29,30—— the, of any organism, the organism itself,30,31,40Desire and power, interaction of,44,45,47,127,217,221,300,322—— and power, like wealth,222—— as a means of modification, Dr. Erasmus Darwin on,226,228,259Development, the history of organic, the history of a moral struggle,45—— always due to making the best of the present,50Devils,20,000, dancing a saraband on the point of a needle,216Dew drop, or lens, the, and Lord Rosse's telescope,44,47Diaphragm, Buffon on the,129Dice, accidental variations thrown for as with,3Difference between animal and ordinary mechanism,24—— the main, between the manufacture of tools and that of organs,39Dilemma, C. Darwin's,346Direct action of changed conditions, Buffon on the,105,145,147,160Discontinuity in continuity,47Disease, accidents followed by,303Disintegration, Protestantism tends towards,397Distribution, geographical, changed, Buffon on,145,164Disuse, and the winglessness of Madeira beetles, we are almost surprised to find that they are connected at all,375—— the main agent in reducing the wings of Madeira beetles,377—— some examples of the effect of, adduced by Lamarck,378Dog, Buffon on the,120—— Lamarck on the various breeds of the,297Domestication, a single case of a species formed under domestication sufficient to remove theà prioridifficulty from a comprehensive theory of evolution,90,91,311—— plants under, Buffon on,167, &c.—— Buffon on animals under,103,120, &c.,148, &c.,159, &c.,276—— animals under, Dr. Erasmus Darwin on,223—— animals under, Buffon on,121, &c.,148,276—— C. Darwin on,276—— animals and plants under, Lamarck on,275,293,296,297,300—— animals and plants under, Mr. Patrick Matthew on,324Door, the doing anything well will open the door for doing something else,51Ducks, our domesticated, why they cannot fly like wild ones,296,309EARN, "you are but doing your best to earn an honest living,"29Ears are never found in a rudimentary condition,379Eat, or be eaten,177Effort, Paley's argument that structures have not been developed through,22,45—— too much, as vicious as indolence,35—— "neither too much nor too little,"50—— Herculean, condemned,197Egyptian mummies, Lamarck on,274,275Embryology, the light it throws upon the mode in which organisms have been designed,25Embryonic metamorphoses, Erasmus Darwin on,230,231Embryonic development, Lamarck on,289Encyclical, the Pope's, on St. Thomas Aquinas,402, &c.Endeavour, Paley's argument against the view that structures have been developed through,22,45Endowment, the new orthodoxy, which is clamouring for,360English wines, Dr. Erasmus Darwin's preference for,175Environment.SeeConditions of ExistenceEquilibrium, the, of Nature, Buffon on the,125Err, the power to, rated highly,29—— "it is on this margin that we may err or wander,"50—— virtue ever errs on the side of excess,35Error, importance of, dependent on the distance, rather than the direction,50"Especially" the same,92,96Ethiopian, the, can change his skin, if it becomes worth his while to try long enough,40Evêque and bishop, common derivation of,355Everlasting, God, how far,32Evolution, commonly held incompatible with design,9—— Paley, its first serious opponent in England,21—— Sir Walter Raleigh on,21,70—— must stand or fall according as it rests on a purposive foundation or no,60—— brief summary of its six principal stages,62, &c.—— Bacon on,69—— the theory of, as apart from the evidence in support of it,332—— C. Darwin and Lamarck are equally intent upon establishing the same theory of evolution,335-337—— and Darwinism, not to be confounded,360,361—— Rome and Pantheism meet in,403Evolutionists, the early, did not know that they accepted teleology,34—— the early, saw design, only as design by the God of theologians,36Experience and instinct, Mr. Patrick Matthew on,322Extinct species, Lamarck on,277—— Buffon on,146,277Eye, no creature that had nothing like an eye ever set itself to conceive one and grow one,44,387—— Paley asks "how will our philosopher get an eye?"46—— of flat fish, Lamarck on the,307—— Lamarck on the, of underground and cave-inhabiting animals,378—— disappear and reappear in the scale of organism according to the power of using them,379FAITH, forms of, or faiths of form, &c.,339Familiarity, with a little, such superficial objections will be forgotten,367Far ahead, no organism ever saw an improvement a long way off and made towards it,43,44,48,49,54,384Father, the man who could be father of such a son and retain his affection, &c.,76Factors, there have been two, of modification, one producing and the other accumulating variations,227Fecundity, alternate years of, Buffon on,125Feeding and breeding,222Feel, if plants and animals look as if they feel, let us say they feel,198Feeling, there is more feeling than reason in animals,51Feral characteristics, resumption of, Buffon on,123Final causes, the doctrine of, as commonly held in the time of the early evolutionists,34,36—— Buffon on,118, &c.Fitness, the cause of, more important than the fact that fitness is commonly fit, and therefore successful,351Flat fish, Lamarck on the eyes of,307Fluctuation of opinion, C. Darwin on Buffon's, the charge refuted,97, &c.,164,166Fontenelle, on theories,22Foot, and model of foot, differences between,24Forms of faith, or faiths of form, &c.,339Four main points which the early evolutionists failed to see in their connection and bearing on each other,37,203Four main principles, the, which I contended for in "Life and Habit,"37,203,380,381Fowls and pigeons, Buffon on,169GARNETT, Mr. R., and "Darwinising,"21Genius, Mr. Allen says I am a,388Gentleman, the Church of Rome means the same by the word as we do,395Geoffroy, Étienne, how small a way he goes,196—— and Isidore, trimmers,328—— on Buffon,328—— on conditions of existence,326,327—— declares against Lamarck's hypothesis,328—— his position,325-328Geoffroy, Isidore, on evolution and final causes,9—— on Buffon's fluctuation of opinion,98, &c.,164,166—— points out the difference between the views of Buffon and Lamarck,105—— statement that Buffon's opinions fluctuated again refuted,166—— and Lamarck's hypothesis,244-246,329—— on Buffon,328—— his position,329Genealogical order, Lamarck on,264—— C. Darwin on,265Generation more remarkable than reason, Hume on,233Generic differences (as well as specific), Buffon on,164Genius, a supreme capacity for taking pains,76Geographical distribution, changed, Buffon on,145, &c.,164Geometrical ratio of increase, Buffon on,123—— Lamarck, on,280—— Patrick Matthew on,320,321Germ of oak indistinguishable from that of a man,334Germans, Buffon on the,93Glory "comes after labour if she can," &c.,76Go away, because their uncles, aunts,376God, embodied in living forms, and dwelling in them,31—— how far everlasting, invisible, imperishable, omnipotent, &c.,32—— the unseen parts of, are as a deep-buried history,33Goethe, as an evolutionist,71Gradations infinitely subtle,87Grant Allen, on "Evolution, Old and New,"386-388—— on the decay of criticism,388—— says that "Evolutionism is an almost exclusively English impulse,"393Greyhound or racehorse, the well-adapted form of the,359Growth attended at each step by a felicitous tempering of two antagonistic principles,35Gueneau de Montbeillard,172,173HABIT," "Life and.See"Life and Habit."—— rudimentary organs repeated through mere force of,38,39—— Buffon on,148,159,160,161,162—— a second Nature, Lamarck on,300Habits, or use, and organ, Lamarck on the interaction of,292,311Haeckel, on design,4,5—— on Goethe as an evolutionist,71—— does not appear to know of Buffon as an evolutionist,71,393—— his surprising statement concerning Lamarck,73—— his ignorance concerning Erasmus Darwin,73,393—— on Lamarck,246,247—— A. R. Wallace's review of his "Evolution of Man,"382,384Hamlet, the "Origin of Species" like "Hamlet" without Hamlet,363Handiest, a man should do whatever comes handiest,51,52Hare, Buffon on the,123, &c.Hartmann's philosophy of the unconscious, and "Life and Habit,"56,57Hearing, when we once reach animals so low as to have no organ of, we lose this organ for good and all,379Heredity and habit, Buffon on,148,159,160,161,162—— only another term for unknown causes, unless the "Life and Habit" theory be adopted,384Hering, Professor, referred to,66,67—— his theory as given in "Nature" by Ray Lankester,198-200Herschel, Sir John, compares natural selection to the Laputan method of making books,10Higgling and haggling of the market,50History of the universe, each organism is a, from its own point of view,31Horse and ass, Buffon's most pregnant passage on the,80,90,91,100,101,142,143,155,164,311—— and man, skeleton of the,88,89—— and zebra, Buffon on the, example of irony,80,155,164Hume, his saying that generation is more remarkable than reason,233Huxley, Professor, referred to,93—— pointed out to Professor Mivart the difficulty in the way of natural selection,344—— his ignorance concerning the earlier history of evolution,392,393Hybridism, Buffon on,117,118Hybrids, sterility of, Lamarck on, and C. Darwin on,272,273IDEAS, the bond or nexus of our,23,29,30Ignorance, the prevailing, concerning the earlier evolutionists,61—— it is easy to hide our, under such expressions as "plan of creation," or natural selection,358Imitation, instinct not referable to, as maintained by Erasmus Darwin,202Immutability of species and design commonly accepted together,9,10Improvements, small successive, in man's inventions,44,46,47,54,55,384Inaccuracy of thought, C. Darwin accused of,359Incipiency, of complex structures, a difficulty in the way of the Natural selection view of evolution,21,22Incorporate, the designer is, with the organism,30Increase, geometrical ratio of Buffon on the,123—— Lamarck on,280—— Patrick Matthew on,320,321Indefinite, with C. Darwin the variations are,342,344Indifference, I say I am more indifferent than I think I am, whether mind is or is not the least misleading symbol for the cause that sustains the universe,371Indirect action of conditions of existence according to Lamarck,294,299,306. (See"Conditions of Existence")Individuality, Buffon on,128—— of buds, Erasmus Darwin on the,207,208—— our, aconsensus, or full-flowing river,318Infallibility, possible results of the doctrine of Papal,406Insectivorous plants, Erasmus Darwin on,206Instep, ligament that binds the tendons of the, Paley on the,22Instinct, present, does not bar its having arisen in reason and reflection,53,54—— returns to its earlier phase,i. e.to reason on the presence of the unfamiliar,54,55,56—— and reason, Buffon on,110-116—— Darwin, Erasmus, on,115,116,204—— not referable to imitation, as maintained by Erasmus Darwin,202—— is reason become habitual,203—— reason perfected and got by rote,256—— and reason, Lamarck on,256,257,274—— referred to experience and memory, by Patrick Matthew,322Insult, "Evolution, Old and New," not intended as an insult to men of science,392Interaction of want and power,44,45,47,217,218,221,300,323—— of body and mind, Lamarck on the,338,339,341Interesting, the more interesting the animal the more evolution Buffon puts into his account of it,84Intermediate forms, Lamarck on,283,286—— C. Darwin,284,285Inventions, small successive improvements in man's, and development of, analogous to that of organism,44,46,47,54,55,384Irony, good-natured and the reverse,91—— an apology for, and explanation how far it is legitimate,111,112—— Buffon's,78, &c.,91,92,93,155,157,163,164JARDINE, Sir W., on Buffon's character,82Johnson, Dr., and Erasmus Darwin,184,185Joints, Paley on the human,19,20Juggle, Paley's argument a juggle, unless man has had abonâ fidepersonal, and therefore organic designer,14,16KNEE-PAN, Paley on the human,18Knowledge, nomenclature mistaken for,141LABOUR, glory comes after, if she can,76Lamarck, had brain upon the brain,36—— never quite recognized design,39—— Haeckel's surprising statement concerning,73—— wherein he mainly differs from Buffon,105—— memoir of,235—— his connection with Buffon, as tutor to his son, &c.,237,258—— his daughters,242,253—— his poverty and blindness,242,253—— Isidore Geoffroy on, bad caricature of his teaching,244-246—— Haeckel on,246,247—— never seriously discussed,247—— "the well-known doctrine of," C. Darwin's reference to,249,250,251,298,314,376—— on the opposition his theory met with,252—— too old to have begun his unequal contest,253—— on the feeling of animals,254,255—— too theory-ridden,254—— misled by Buffon (query),255—— took from Buffon without sufficient acknowledgment,255,258,