260,311—— as compared with Dr. Erasmus Darwin,257—— like Dr. E. Darwin, sees struggle and modification turn mainly round three great wants,257,279,300,309—— when and how he came over to the side of mutability,258—— and the French translation of the "Loves of the Plant,"259—— on comparative anatomy,266—— on species,267, &c.—— on conditions of existence (circonstances),105,268,270,271,275,277,278,281,291,292,294,295,298,299,300, &c.—— on instinct,274—— on animals and plants under domestication,275,293,296,297,300—— on extinct species,277—— anticipated Lyell in rejecting catastrophes,277—— on the geometrical ratio of increase and struggle for existence,280-282—— on embryonic development,289—— the main principles which he supposes to underlie variations,292,299,338,339—— his contention that plants have neither actions nor habits,295—— on use and disuse,294,296,299,301,302,304,305,307-309—— on the various breeds of the dog,297—— habit a second nature,300—— like Erasmus Darwin and Buffon, understood the survival of the fittest,301—— on the way in which serpents have lost their legs,303—— on wading and aquatic birds,305—— on the eyes of flat fish,307—— on man,311, &c.—— on a single instance of considerable variation under domestication,311—— on speech,313,314—— on the upright position of man and certain apes,313—— his, and Étienne Geoffroy's views on conditions of existence,326,327,328—— his hypothesis, and Isidore Geoffroy,329—— Herbert Spencer on,330,331—— desired to discover the law underlying variations,337—— the extent to which he and C. Darwin take common ground,335-337—— on body and mind,338,339,341—— on his theory variations will be definite, will appear in large numbers of individuals at the same time, for long periods together,341—— how he and C. Darwin treat the winglessness of Madeira beetles respectively,373-380—— on the eyes and ears of cave-inhabiting animals,378,379Laputan method of making books, the, and natural selection,11Lawyer's deed, if we come across a very intricate, &c.,27Leopard, the, can change his spots if it becomes worth his while to try long enough,40Lewes, G. H., on embryology,25—— his objection to the tentativeness with which the same errors are repeated generation after generation,26—— his objection to C. Darwin's language concerning natural selection,346Lewes, G. H., on natural selection,348,349,359Life, some remarks about the criterion of, that I must retract,279—— one Proteus principal of,320"Life and Habit," what I believe to have been its most important features,67,203,204—— recapitulation of the main principle insisted on,37,56,203,380,381,384—— and Hartmann's philosophy of the unconscious, German review,56,57Lifetime, considerable modifications effected during a single,304—— the changes undergone by organisms during a single, Herbert Spencer, on,332-334Ligament, the, which binds down the tendons of the instep,21Living, Paley is but doing his best to earn an honest,29—— forms of faith, or faiths of form,339Lines, no sharp can be drawn,47Lion and tiger, Buffon on the,143,145Llama, Buffon on the hereditary ills of the,161Longevity, the principle underlying,67,380,381Loopholes for escape, the "Origin of Species" full of,358"Loves of the Plants," French translation of the,63,259Lungs for respiration, and corkscrew for corks, Professor Clifford on,7. (Seealso p.58)Lyell, Sir C., and Lamarck,277—— on the similarity between Lamarck's theory and Mr. Darwin's,336,337MACHINE, Paley declares animals to be neither wholly machines nor wholly not machines,14Madeira beetles, the ways in which Lamarck and C. Darwin would treat their winglessness,373-380Maillet, de, referred to,70Mainspring, the true, of our existence lies not in these muscles, &c.,32Man, the designer of man,30—— and horse, skeleton of the,88,89—— and the ape,90—— and the lower animals, Buffon on,107,108—— Lamarck on,311, &c.Manner, the, is the man himself,77—— "but this is Mr. Darwin's",378Manufacture, the, of tools and of organs, two species of the same genus,39Margin, there is a margin in every organic structure, &c.,49,50—— on the margin of the self-evident the greatest purchase is obtainable,197Market, the higgling and haggling of the,50Martins, M., his life of Lamarck,235, &c.Matter less important than the manner,77—— and mind, inseparable,371Matthew, Mr. Patrick, his work on naval timber and arboriculture,64,65—— extracts from,315, &c.—— Mr. C. Darwin on,315—— on animals and plants under domestication,324—— on will as influencing organism,320,321,322—— on the struggle for existence with survival of the fittest,320,322—— and natural selection,323—— on instinct and memory, and on the continued personality of parents in offspring,321,322,323Means, C. Darwin's dangerous use of this word,345—— onesine quâ nonfor a thing is as much a means of that thing's coming about as anything else is,349Mechanism of animals, Paley on the,14Mechanism of animals, evidence of design in any ordinary,15Memory, and life and heredity,37,38,39,56,67,198-203,332,380,381—— Professor Hering on,198-200—— Patrick Matthew on,322Meteoric, both want and power are,44,45Meninges, Buffon on the,132Microcosm, each organism a history of the universe from its own point of view,31Microscope, illustration from successive improvements in the,46,47Mind, "the least inadequate and misleading symbol," for the power that has designed organism,3,371—— and body, Lamarck on,338,339,341—— and matter inseparable,371Misfortune, take advantage of,51Misrepresentation, "great is the power of steady,"251Missionaries should avoid trying to effect sudden modifications,183Mistake, the power to make, rated highly,29—— importance of, depends on magnitude rather than on the direction,50Mivart, Professor, says that, "Mind is the least adequate and misleading symbol," &c.,3,371—— referred to,22,66,67—— admits that his objection does not tell against the Lamarckian theory of evolution,343—— points out that the admission of a principle underlying variations is fatal to C. Darwin's theory concerning natural selection,343—— on C. Darwin's "haphazard, indefinite variations,"343—— how Professor Huxley pointed out to him the objection to C. Darwin's theory concerning natural selection,344—— asks what is natural selection? and declares it to be repudiated by its propounder,369—— declares it to be "nothing," and a puerile hypothesis,370,371—— declares the causes of variation to be the causes of the distinction of species,370Model, artificial, of a foot, and true foot, difference between,24Modification. It is only on modification that reason reasserts itself,55—— there have been two factors of, one producing variations, and the other accumulating them,227—— arrived at by struggle round three great wants, Erasmus Darwin on,226-229—— Lamarck on the same,257,279,300,301—— the cause of survival, not survival the cause of modification,302Moral, an organism is most, when looking a little ahead, but not too far,44—— struggle, the history of organic development, the history of a,45—— more, and safer, to be behind the age than in front of it,401Movement, Buffon's great criterion of sensation,127Mummies, Egyptian, Lamarck on,274,275Murphy, Rev. J. J., mentioned,22—— referred to,66,67Mutability of species commonly held to be incompatible with a belief in design,9,10Mystery-mongering, that Buffon wished to protest against,81,171Mystification, scientific, and orthodoxy, Buffon on,138NAIVELY, as Mr. Darwin naively adds, "sometimesequally convenient,"354Natural selection, the essence of the theory is that the variations shall have been mainly accidental,7Natural selection, the unerring skill of,9—— Sir William Thomson and Sir John Herschel on,10—— Button, and, "bysome chancecommon enough with Nature,"122—— spoken of as though synonymous with descent with modification,248,285,356—— C. Darwin attributes the instincts of neuter insects to,249—— Mr. Patrick Matthew and,323—— like the secretion of a cuttle-fish,332—— G. H. Lewes's objection to C. Darwin's language concerning,346—— if this is declared to be a cause, the fact of variation is declared to be the cause of variation,347—— declared by C. Darwin to be a means of variation,347—— treated as a cause,348—— G. H. Lewes on,348,349,350—— identity with "conditions of existence,"351-354—— according to C. Darwin, "fully embraces" and yet "is included in" conditions of existence,355—— a cloak for want of precision of thought, and of substantial difference from Lamarck,358—— "some have even imagined that it induces variability;" and small wonder, considering C. Darwin's language concerning it,362—— C. Darwin's reply to those who have objected to the term,362-368—— a cloak of difference from C. Darwin's predecessors, under which there lurks a concealed identity of opinion as to main facts,362,363—— "implies only the preservation of such variations as arise," &c.,363—— admitted by C. Darwin to be a false term,364—— the complaint is that the expression has been retained when an avowedly more accurate one is to hand,365,366—— only another way of saying Nature,368,369—— the dislike of it is increasing,368,369—— Francis Darwin does not use the expression,368,369—— daily and hourly scrutinizing throughout the world, &c.,369—— practically repudiated by C. Darwin himself,369—— Professor Mivart declares it to be "simply nothing,"370—— a "puerile hypothesis," 371—— and not disuse, the true main cause of the winglessness of Madeira beetles, according to C. Darwin,374——notthe main cause of the winglessness of Madeira beetles, according to C. Darwin,377—— "combined probably with disuse," will account, according to C. Darwin, for the winglessness of Madeira beetles,375Naturalistes,le peuple des,80,171Nature, the personification of comparatively venial,367—— and natural selection the same thing,368,369—— the most important means of modification, and variation the cause of variation,369Neck, Paley on the human,17,18Need, sense of, the main idea in connection with evolution that is left with the reader by the "Zoonomia," or "Philosophie Zoologique,"363Needle, 20,000 devils dancing a saraband on the point of a,216Nest, a bird will alter its nest a little, to meet altered circumstances,55Nests, birds', Dr. E. Darwin on,201Neuter insects, "the demonstrative case of neuter insects," &c.,249,298,314New countries, Buffon a hater of,146Nomenclature, mistaken for knowledge,141Nottingham market-place, Erasmus Darwin in,182,184,197OAK and man, the germs of, indistinguishable,334—— man may become as long-lived as the,382Obvious, Erasmus Darwin had no wish to see far beyond the,197Oken, alluded to,72Old age, the phenomena of,67,204,381—— and new worlds, Buffon on the fauna of,145, &c.One source for all life, Buffon on,91—— Erasmus Darwin on,109,233Oneness of personality between parents and offspring,37,38,39—— Buffon on the,151—— Erasmus Darwin and Professor Hering on the,198-200—— Dr. E. Darwin's failure to grasp the whole facts in connection with this,198,201,203—— Dr. E. Darwin on,214,215—— Patrick Matthew on,322,323—— mentioned,332,380,381Orang-outang, Buffon on the,156-159Organ and use.See"Use."—— and sense, interaction of the, Buffon on,127—— and faculty, Lamarck on,255Organs are living tools,2—— the manufacture of, and that of tools, two species of the same genus,39,43, &c.—— are the expressions of mental phases,339,341Organic structures have a margin,49,50Organic strictures and inorganic, Buffon on the,153, &c.Organisms, have been developed as man's inventions have,44,46,47,384"Origin of Species," the, cannot take permanent rank in the literature of evolution,62—— has noraison d'être, if natural selection is not a cause of variation,346—— a piece of intellectual sleight of hand,346—— compared to the advice of a lawyer who wanted to leave plenty of loopholes, or to a cobbled Act of Parliament,358—— is "Hamlet" with the part of Hamlet cut out,363—— most readers would say that it advocated natural selection as the most important cause of variation,363—— and the "Zoonomia," or the "Philosophie Zoologique"; the one upholds natural selection, the other, sense of need,363Orthodoxy, scientific, and mystification, Buffon on,138—— scientific, clamouring for endowment,360—— dangers of,368Overseeing tends to oversight,197PAINS, genius a supreme capacity for taking,76Painting, a man should dosomething, no matter what,51,52Paley, quotations from,12, &c.—— his argument a juggle, unless some one designed man, much as man designed the watch,14,16—— on ordinary mechanism, as showing design,15—— on the human neck,16,17—— on the patella,18—— on the joints,19,20—— as a writer against evolution,21—— on the ligament that binds the tendons of the instep,21,22—— opposes the view that structures have been formed through appetency, endeavour or effort,22,45—— we turn on him and say, Show us your designer,29—— asks, How will our philosopher get an eye? 46—— his "Natural Theology" written throughout at the "Zoonomia,"195—— never gives a reference when quoting an opponent,195,306Pantheism and Rome will in the end be the two sole combatants,401—— common ground held by Rome and Pantheism,403-405—— of Paul,404Parents and offspring, oneness of personality between (see"Personality")Passions, of like passions, men of science are, with other pastors and prophets,253Patella, or knee-pan, Paley on the,18Paul, St., his pantheistic tendencies,404—— we want to accept him literally,405Peace, the, that passeth understanding,35Perception and sensation, Buffon on the difference between,129,130Personality, oneness of, between parents and offspring,37,38,39—— Buffon on the,151—— Erasmus Darwin and Professor Hering on the,198-200—— Erasmus Darwin's failure to grasp the whole conception,198,201,203—— Erasmus Darwin on the,214,215—— Patrick Matthew on the,322,323—— mentioned,332,380,381Personification, the, of Nature, comparatively venial,367Pessimism: "Which is the pessimist I or Mr. Darwin?"59Peuple des Naturalistes, le,80,171"Philosophie Zoologique," summary of,261-314—— the, leaves "sense of need" on the reader's mind; the "Origin of Species," natural selection,363Pig, Buffon on the,118, &c.Pigeons and fowls, Buffon on,169Plaisanterie, Button's disclaimer of,93Planted upside down, the vertebrata regarded as vegetables,137Plants under domestication, Buffon on,167, &c.—— Dr. Erasmus Darwin, on the life of,206, &c.—— Lamarck's assertion that they have no action nor habits,294,295Plato upheld teleology,4Plus il a su, &c.,44Poem, a, by Dr. Erasmus Darwin,189Poetry, Dr. Erasmus Darwin's,83,189,193Pope's shoes, scientists would step into the, if we would let them,360,394Portrait of Mr. Day, author of "Sandford and Merton,"180Potto, the missing forefinger of the,303Power and desire, interaction of,44,45,47,127,217,221,300,323Praising, with faint damnation,111Prescience, need not extend over more than the next step, and yet the whole road may have been travelled presciently,52,384Present, development due to a wise use of the,