CHAP. VI.

[581]morte

[582]avvelenársi

[583]incírca

[584]stesso tempo

[585]Achei

[586]preso

[587]Messenj

[588]uccíso

[589]costrétto

[590]sommettersi

[591]rinunziato

[592]alleánza

[593]sbattuto

[594]piuttósto

[595]debelláto

[596]precedénte

[597]affaccendáto

[598]fare

[599]preparatívo

[600]altro

[601]cosa

[602]matúro

[603]abbastánza

[604]a questo effetto

[605]gli successe

[606]Perséo

[607]continuáre

[608]preparatívo

[609]contro

[610]termináto

[611]princípio

[612]rovína

[613]regno

[614]ancóra

[615]impiegáto

[616]Páolo Emílio

[617]battáglia

[618]nella quále

[619]uómo

[620]fatto

[621]prigioniéro

[622]méttere

[623]termine

[624]Macedonico

[625]império

[626]undécimo

[627]Génzio

[628]Illírj

[629]trascinato

[630]alleánza

[631]vinto

[632]Amício

[633]pretóre

[634]sconfitta

[635]ribellársi

[636]soggiogáto

[637]ridótto

[638]forma

[639]província

[640]accendersi

[641]Achei

[642]demolíto

[643]mura

[644]Lacedemónia

[645]leváre via

[646]antíco

[647]legge

[648]obbligáre

[649]unírsi

[650]lamentársi

[651]mandáre

[652]contro

[653]sconfítto

[654]battáglia

[655]Termópile

[656]Focíde

[657]poco dopo

[658]affátto

[659]L. Númmio

[660]Corínti

[661]metrópoli

[662]nazióne

[663]bruciáto

[664]preso

[665]distrútto

[666]cagióne

[667]disputa

[668]tra

[669]rispétto a

[670]território

[671]controvérsia

[672]referito

[673]abbandonáre

[674]paése

[675]dispúta

[676]danáro

[677]anticipataménte

[678]risólvere

[679]intieraménte

[680]spianáre

[681]a diritto o a torto

[682]sopra tutto

[683]istigazióne

[684]Marco Catóne censóre

[685]dare

[686]opinióne

[687]discussióne

[688]senáto

[689]solére

[690]per conclusione

[691]aggiúngere

[692]bisógna

[693]distrútto

[694]perciò

[695]assediáto

[696]Manílio

[697]Censoríno

[698]arréndersi

[699]comandáto

[700]demolíre

[701]stabilírsi

[702]miglia

[703]di distánza

[704]mare

[705]infiammáto

[706]collera

[707]disperazióne

[708]sostenérsi

[709]oltre

[710]forza

[711]infíno

[712]stesso

[713]Corínto

[714]preso

[715]P. Cornélio Scipióne

[716]procónsole

[717]Páolo Emílio

[718]adottáto

[719]princípio

[720]Numídi

[721]moríre

[722]età

[723]lasciáto

[724]continuáto

[725]nell’alleanza

(Of the World, 3908—Of Rome, 608.)

[1]About the same time the[2]Lusitanians in[3]Spain[4]beat the Romans most[5]shamefully[6]under the[7]conduct of[8]Viriathus; who from a[9]huntsman[10]became a[11]highwayman; and from a highwayman, a general, and[12]defeated the Roman[13]armies[14]several times. But that[15]overthrow was most[16]memorable of all[17]others, in which, in the year 608, having[18]routed the[19]forces of[20]Vetilius the[21]prætor,[22]he took him prisoner, and[23]put him[24]to death, according to[25]Appian. Nor was he the[26]only one that was[27]conquered by Viriathus, but several others[28]underwent the same[29]fate. The first that was[30]successful[31]against him was[32]C. Lælius the prætor, in the year 609. After which the proconsul[33]Quintius Fabius Maximus[34]defeated him. In the year 614,[35]Q. Servilius Cæpio[36]basely[37]procured him to be[38]assassinated by some of his own[39]officers, whom he had[40]bribed[41]for that purpose, to the great[42]dishonour of the Roman[43]name.

After this a much more[44]dangerous war[45]broke out in Celtiberia. The Numantini having[46]received the[47]Segidenses their[48]allies, that had[49]escaped the[50]hands of the Romans, were[51]commanded by Metellus the proconsul,[52]to deliver up the[53]refugees, and[54]lay down their[55]arms, but they[56]refused both: and[57]though they were so much[58]inferior to the Romans, in[59]number and[60]strength, they[61]made a[62]gallant[63]resistance for some[64]years. The[65]army of[66]M. Popilius the proconsul, was[67]cut off by them, and the year[68]following,[69]thirty[70]thousand Romans, under the consul Mancinus, were[71]routed by four thousand of the Numantini; which[72]disgrace was[73]followed by a most[74]shameful[75]peace; but the senate[76]refused to[77]ratify it;[78]wherefore Mancinus was[79]delivered up into their hands, but the Numantini would not[80]receive him.[81]At last they were[82]vanquished in the[83]field by Scipio, who had[84]destroyed Carthage; and being[85]shut up within their own[86]walls, were[87]reducedto[88]so desperate a condition, that they all[89]laid violent hands upon themselves; and Numantia was[90]levelled with the ground, in the ninth year after their[91]revolt from the Romans, and from the[92]foundation of the city 621.

[93]Whilst the Romans were[94]still at war with the[95]Achæans and Carthaginians, Macedon was[96]conquered a third time.[97]Andriscus, a[98]man of[99]mean birth, who[100]pretended to be[101]Philip the son of[102]Perseus, had[103]possessed himself of it. He was conquered by[104]Q. Cæcilius Metellus, with the[105]slaughter of 25,000[106]of his men. Metellus had[107]from thence[108]the surname of[109]Macedonicus.

At the time that the Romans were[110]engaged in the[111]Numantine war, there was a[112]rising of the[113]slaves in Sicily. A[114]Syrian,[115]by name Eunus,[116]pretending to a[117]divine[118]inspiration,[119]called the slaves to[120]arms and[121]liberty,[122]as it were by the[123]order of the[124]gods; and having[125]raised a[126]vast[127]army,[128]consisting of no less than 70,000 men, he[129]vanquished four Roman prætors, and was[130]at last[131]routed himself, by P. Rupilius the consul, in the year of the city 622.

Attalus, son of[132]Eumenes, king of[133]Phrygia, when his[134]uncle Attalus was[135]dead (who afterEumenes’ death had[136]managed the[137]kingdom as his[138]guardian),[139]reigned five years, and dying about the year of the city 621, made the Roman people his[140]heir: which[141]Aristonicus, a son of Eumenes by one of his[142]mistresses,[143]taking amiss, he[144]seized upon Asia, and[145]cut off the army of Crassus the prætor. Afterwards he was[146]vanquished by the consul Peperna, and an[147]end was put to the war the year[148]following, 625, by M. Aquilius the consul. This was a[149]melancholy year for the[150]death of Scipio Africanus, who was[151]found dead in his[152]bed, not without the[153]suspicion of having been[154]poisoned by his[155]wife.

The year in which Attalus[156]made the Roman people his[157]heir, there was a[158]formidable[159]sedition at Rome. For T. Gracchus,[160]tribune of the[161]people, having made the[162]Agrarian law, that[163]nobody should[164]possess above 500[165]acres of[166]land, and[167]proposing to have the[168]money of king Attalus[169]divided amongst the people, and[170]likewise[171]suing for the[172]tribuneship against the year following, the senators being very much[173]disturbed at the[174]matter, he was, by the[175]order of P. Corn. Nasica,[176]slain in the[177]Capitol,[178]whither he had[179]fled for[180]refuge.

After the death of Tiberius, his[181]brother Caius[182]pursuing the same[183]design, was[184]taken off by Opimius, the consul, and[185]together with him, Fulvius Flaccus, who had been consul.

In the year of the city 629, the Romans first made war upon the[186]Gauls[187]beyond the Alps. They[188]began with the Salii, and[189]Allobroges, whom Fulvius Flaccus[190]subdued. In the year 633, Fabius the consul made an end of the war with the Allobroges. He[191]conquered Bituitus, king of the Arverni, in[192]battle. The king himself[193]coming to Rome to[194]satisfy the senate, was[195]confined at Alba. Then Gallia Narbonensis was made a[196]province, and a[197]colony[198]sent to Narbon in the year 636.

The Romans were after this[199]almost[200]perpetually at war with the Gauls, by whom they were[201]oftentimes[202]soundly beaten; but, above all others, the Cimbri and Teutones were[203]terrible to them. They[204]marching for Italy, and not[205]being able to[206]prevail with the senate for[207]room to[208]settle in, they[209]routed M. Silanus the consul; the year following Scaurus was[210]defeated by the Cimbri, and L. Cassius by the Helvetii Tigurini the year after that. But the[211]overthrow of Q. Cæpio was more[212]memorable than all the[213]rest. He had[214]plundered[215]Tholouse in the[216]country of the Tectosagæ, and had[217]carried off an hundred thousand[218]pounds of[219]gold, and fifteen hundred thousandpounds of[220]silver. This was done in the year of the city 648. But the following, he, with C. Manilius,[221]paid for this[222]sacrilege, with the[223]utter,[224]destruction of the Roman army. It is certain there were[225]slain in this[226]battle of the Romans and their[227]allies,[228]fourscore thousand, and of[229]servants that[230]followed the[231]camp[232]threescore thousand.

At length the Teutones and the[233]Ambrones were almost all[234]destroyed, two hundred thousand being slain, and seventy thousand[235]taken[236]prisoners, by C. Marius the consul, in the year 652; and the following year, the same Marius,[237]in conjunction with Catulus, defeated the Cimbri, that were[238]making their way through[239]Noricum,[240]slew an hundred and twenty thousand, and took sixty thousand prisoners.

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