[1]Finchègoverns the subjunctive mood.[2]You are in the right, sir,Ella ha ragióne.[3]I am in the wrong, sir,ho torto.
[1]Finchègoverns the subjunctive mood.
[1]Finchègoverns the subjunctive mood.
[2]You are in the right, sir,Ella ha ragióne.
[2]You are in the right, sir,Ella ha ragióne.
[3]I am in the wrong, sir,ho torto.
[3]I am in the wrong, sir,ho torto.
When a Verb is followed byl’opportunità,l’occasione,il tempo,il mezzo,la volontà,il cuóre,il potére,l’autorità, that Verb ought to be put in the Infinitive with the Prepositiondi.
When I havequando[1]avérean opportunity to seeoccasione vedéreyour father,padreI will tell himdirehow muchquantoyou deservemeritáreto be praised foréssere lodátoyour uncommon diligence.straordinário diligénza.
Whilst we havementre[2]avéreit in our power to acquirepotére acquistáreknowledge,cogniziónelet us improveprofittáresuch precious opportunity.tale prezióso opportunità.
I wonder howmaravigliársimen have the heartuómo avére cuóreto hateodiársione another.gli uni gli altri.
God has givenIddio dáreto kingsRepower to command,potére comandáreand to judgesgiúdiceauthority to judge.autorità giudicáre.
[1]I have, put it in the future, and say,avrò.[2]We have it, is changed intoit isfor the Italian idiom.
[1]I have, put it in the future, and say,avrò.
[1]I have, put it in the future, and say,avrò.
[2]We have it, is changed intoit isfor the Italian idiom.
[2]We have it, is changed intoit isfor the Italian idiom.
When after the Verb substantiveésserethere follows either of these nounsconténto,obbligáto,in pena,sul punto,in perícolo, the following Verb is to be put in the Infinitive with the Prepositiondi.
I am very gladéssere conténtoto hear thatsentíreyou overcame yourvíncereenemies,nemícoand I should have been sorry[1]rincréscereto have heardsentirethe contrary.contrário.
I return yourénderemany thanksmolto gráziafor your friendship,amicíziafor I was in danger ofperchè éssere in perícololosing my suit.pérdere lite.
I was anxiousansiósoto knowsapérewhat had happened to you;succédereand ifseyou had not come,éssere veníreI was on the point oféssere sul puntogoing to see you.venire vedére.
[1]I should have been sorry;mi sarébbe rincresciúto.
[1]I should have been sorry;mi sarébbe rincresciúto.
[1]I should have been sorry;mi sarébbe rincresciúto.
The Verbsavvezzársi,impiegáre,incoraggíre,eccitáre,invitáre,esibírsi,dilettársi,tenérsi pronto,lavoráre, will have after them an Infinitive with the Prepositiona, oradbefore a vowel.
We oughtdovereto employimpiegárethe days of our lifegiórno vitain preparing ourselvespreparársifor the other world.altro mondo.
Masters whomaéstrouse mildnessusáre dolcézzain teachinginsegnáretheir scholars,scolároencourage them moreincoraggíreto learn wellimparáre benethan those whouseusáretoo much severity.troppo severitàAn honest manonésto uómotakes always pleasuredilettársi semprein obliging his friends.favorire amíco.
The love of Godamóre Díoinvites usinvitáreto loveamáreone another.
Let us keep ourselvestenérsiin readinessprontoto appear beforecomparíre innánzithe living God.vivénte Dío.
Let us labourlavorárecontinuallycontinuaménteto obtainottenéreeternal life.etérna vita.
Whenvi è, orv’è, precedes the Adverbniénte, the next Verb must be in the Infinitive with the Prepositionda, ora.
There is nothing to fearnon vi è niénte temérein serving God.[1]servíre Iddío.
There is nothing to saynon v’è niénte direto what you have done.avére fatto.
There is nothing to doniénte farein that at present.adésso.
There is nothing so easy to learnniénte così fácile imparáreas the Italian language.Italiáno lingua.
[1]In serving God,nel servíre Iddío.
[1]In serving God,nel servíre Iddío.
[1]In serving God,nel servíre Iddío.
When an Adverb of quantity followsv’è, it requires an Infinitive with the Prepositiona, orda.
There is a great deal ofv’è gran[1]satisfactionsoddisfaziónein teachinginsegnárediligent boys,diligénte ragázzobut there is a great deal of troublegran incomodoin instructingistruíreidle scholars.pigro scoláro.
There is a great dealv’è moltoto say againstdire controthe conduct ofcondóttawicked people;malvágio gentebut there is nothingnon v’è niénteto say againstdire controthe conduct ofcondóttahonest people.onésto gente.
[1]SeeGram.p. 210,a great deal of.
[1]SeeGram.p. 210,a great deal of.
[1]SeeGram.p. 210,a great deal of.
When the English Participle iningcomes after a Verb of motion with the Prepositionabefore it, we use the corresponding substantive, instead of the Verb, though sometimes the latter.
He who goes a huntingquello che andáre cacciaor visiting his friends,[1]visitáre amícowhen business requiresquando affáre richiéderehis care and time,cura temposhowsmostráreby his conductcondóttathat he prefers[2]preferírehis diversion beforedivertiméntohis profit,profíttothe company of his friendscompagnía amícobefore the advantagevantággioof his family.famíglia.
The boy whoragázzogoes a playingandáre giuocárewith his school-fellows,condiscepolowhen he ought to bequando dovére ésserediligently employeddiligéntemente intórnoat the taska lavorohis master gave him,maéstro assegnareevinces,prováreby his neglect,negligénzathat he prefers play topreferíre giuócohis master’s love,maéstro afféttoand his own profit.profítto.
[1]Ibid. p. 201, onverbs of motion.[2]Preferisce il divertimento al profitto, la compagnia degli amici al, &c.
[1]Ibid. p. 201, onverbs of motion.
[1]Ibid. p. 201, onverbs of motion.
[2]Preferisce il divertimento al profitto, la compagnia degli amici al, &c.
[2]Preferisce il divertimento al profitto, la compagnia degli amici al, &c.
The English Participle ining, afterfrom, must be put in Italian in the Infinitive with the Prepositiondi.
The providence of Godprovvidenza Diokeeps us from perishing;impedíre perírethe power of Godpoténza Diohinders us from doingimpedíre farethose thingscosawhich displease him;dispiacérethe grace of Godgrazia Dioprevents us from sinning;impedíre peccárethe goodness of Godbontàpreserves us from sufferingpreserváre soffríreafflictions.afflizióne.
The English Participle iningafter a Verb importingto cease,to leave, orto go over, must be rendered in Italian by the Infinitive mood with the Prepositiondi.
He whoquello cheleaves off doingcessáre farepraise-worthy actions,lodévole azióneand plunges into vice,immergérsi víziowas never truly good.éssere mai veraménte buono.
A wise mansávio uómonever leaves off learningmai tralasciáre imparárewhilst he lives;finchè viverefor he who has great wisdom,perchè è dotato di grande saperehas still need ofancora bisógnomore knowledge.maggiore conoscènza.
When the Participle iningfollows the auxiliary Verbto be, this verb must be left out, and the Italian Verb that represents the Participle, must be put in the same tense, number, and person as the auxiliary is.
A diligent boydiligénte ragázzois always learning,sempre studiarenot only whilenon solaménte mentrethe master is instructing,maéstro istruírebut also whilema ancheother boys are playing.altro ragázzo giuocáre.
Apelles wasApélledaily drawingogni giórno dipingeresome excellent pictureseccellénte pittúrawith wonderful art;maraviglióso arteno day passednessúno giórno passárewithout a line.senza linéa.
Those whodo not employ their time wellimpiegáre bene tempoin the beginning of their lives,[1]princípio vitawill be perpetually lamentingperpetuamente piangeretheir folly;pazziathey will be incessantly condemningad ogni moménto condannársithemselves, andsaying, Ah!díre Ah!at what a priceprezzowould I not purchasecomprárethe time past!tempo passato!
[1]In the beginning of their lives;i. e.nella loro gioventù.
[1]In the beginning of their lives;i. e.nella loro gioventù.
[1]In the beginning of their lives;i. e.nella loro gioventù.
When one of these Pronounsche,il,lo,la, &c. meets before the compound tenses, the Pronoun ought to agree with the Participle in gender and number.
I receivedricéverethe books whichlibromy brother sent me;fratéllo mandáreI read them all,léggere tuttothey are very good,éssere buónoand well written.bene scrítto.
The letter whichlétteramy father wrote to mepadre scrivereis very severe;éssere sevéroI showed it tomostráremy mother, andmadreshe is very sorry for it.[1]dispiacére.
[1]She is very sorry for it;glíene dispiáce moltíssimo.
[1]She is very sorry for it;glíene dispiáce moltíssimo.
[1]She is very sorry for it;glíene dispiáce moltíssimo.
When these Pronouns,mio,me,te,noi,voi, &c. are the case of the Verb, they must agree with the Participle in gender and in number.
My dear friends,caro amícoI have always loved youavére sempre amátolike my children,come figlioI have often admonished youavére spesso ammonírefor your own good;proprio beneI have several times exhorted youspesse volte esortáreto practise virtue;praticáre virtùifseyou are nottruly virtuous,veraménte virtuósoit is not my fault.éssere colpa.
I met your brotherincontráre fratéllothis morning,mattínawe embracedabbracciársione anotherlike good friends,da buóno amícoand I rejoice thatrallegrársiwe are reconciled.riconciliársi.
The books whichlibroI have seen you readingavére vedére léggereare not good.buóno.
These areeccoall the copiestutto cópiawhich you have given meavére dareto write.scrívere.
Your brothersfratéllohave donefarequite the contrary oftutto contráriowhat I had advised themavére consigliáreto do.fare.
[SeeGram.p. 209.]
Adverbs are generally put after the Verb, and in compound tenses between the Verb and the Participle.
It isa lamentable thingdoloroso cosato see youthsvedére gióvanewith much wit,di molto spiritoand a good dispositionbuóno disposizióneto learn,imparáretake but little painspigliáre poco penato answer[1]rispónderethe expectations ofaspettaziónetheir parents.genitori.
[1]Risponderegoverns the dative case of the thing.
[1]Risponderegoverns the dative case of the thing.
[1]Risponderegoverns the dative case of the thing.
Adverbs of Interrogation must always be put before the Verb.
Where did you come from?da dove veníreWhyperchèdid you not stay for me?aspettáre?
When will you have donequando cessárelaughing atburláreyour friends?amíco?
Why did you say,perchè direI had promised youpromettereto go in the country?andáre campágna?
Where is your father?dove padreIs he in town?éssere città?
Where did you buycomprárethis fine horse?bello cavállo?
I bought it atcomprárethe last country fair.último campágna fiéra.
Where areésserethe ladies your sisters?signóra sorélla?
I believecréderethey are gone outéssere uscítoto take an airing.pigliar aria.
Whither are you goingandáreso fast?cosìYou are in great haste.avére gran fretta.
I goandáreto Mr. Clement’s house,dal signóre Cleménte[1]for I heardperchè sentíremy brotherfratéllois there, andI have some businessavére qualche cosawith him.da fare con lui.
You are mistaken,ingannársihe is not there;éssere làfor I met himincontrárejust now,un momento faand he told medirehe was going toandárehis sister’s house.sorélla.
I was going toandáreyour house;but since I met you,ma giacchè incontrárewe will go toandáremy house,where we shall dine.dove pranzáre.
I beg you will excuse me,pregáre scusáreindeed I cannot;in verità non potérefor I must go tobisógno andáremy lady Arabella’s,signóra Arabéllato pay a visit tofare vísitaher children.figlio.
They are not at home,éssere casaforperchèI saw themvederegoing into the park.andáre parco.
Let us go thenandáre dunqueand see ifvedére seyour brothers arefratélloat home.casa.
They are not,éssereI know they aresapére ésseregone a hunting.andáto cáccia.
What is the mattercosa hawith you,sir?signóreYou seem to beparére esseregrieved.afflítto.
O no, sir,I am not,non sono afflíttobut I come fromveníreMr. Vincent’s,Vincenzowho is very ill.ammaláto.
You surprise me,sorprenderefor as I was comingperchè venírefrom my house,casaI met his brother,incontráre fratéllowho did not mention itparlareto me.
Do you knowsapérefrom whence he was coming,di dove venírewhen you met him?quando incontráre?
I believecréderehe was coming fromvenírehis own house.casa.
Can you tell mepotére direwhere he is gone?dove éssere andáto?
I was assuredéssere assicurátothat he is set out foréssere partitohis uncle’sziocountry-house.casa di campágna.
Which way did you pass,per dove passárein your way to Italy,quando andáre Itália?
I passed bypassáreRouen,RoanoParis,ParígiOrleansOrleánoand Lyons.Lióne.
Which way did you come backper dove tornáreto England?Inghilterra?
I returned byritornáreGermanyGermániaand Holland.Olánda.