2:omnium—erupit: a pregnant construction as if he had meant: “all these crimes have been a-ripening up to, and the continued career of frenzy and boldness have burst forth in, the time of my consulship.” The metaphor is probably borrowed from an ulcer, bursting when ripe.
3:ex tanto latrocinio=ex tot latronum numero,latrocinium=latrones, cp.servitium=servi:conjuratio=conjurati—residebit: the metaphor is taken from a subtle poison in the system. The state is looked upon by the orator as the body, the conspiracy as the fever, and the execution of Catiline as the draught of cool water which momentarily refreshes.
4:visceribus:viscerawere the upper vitals, including the heart, lungs, liver, &c:intestina, were the liver vitals. Observe the force ofatqueand the repetition of the preposition.
5:cum—jactantur: there is no hendiadys here, but merely an accumulation of synonymous terms. Observe the middle force ofjactantur: “toss themselves about.”
6:biberint: Madvig readsbiberunt.
7:qui est: “which exists.” —relevatus: “mitigated.”
8:vehementius—ingravescet: “shall become more chronic if the others are allowed to live”:vivis reliquis: abl. abs.
§ 32.—1:praetoris urbani: L. Valerius Flaccus wasPraetor Urbanusat this time, and the partisans of Catiline thronged around histribunalto intimidate him when delivering judgment in cases of debt.
2:obsīdĕre—curiam: “to beset the senate house in arms.” Romulus divided the people into three tribes (tribus) and each tribe was divided into ten wards (curiae). Eachcuriahad a temple for the performance of its religious rites and for holding political meetings: the root iscur: “to be powerful;” cp. Quirites, hence, “the powerful men”:κύριος, κοίρανος—cum gladiis=armati.
3:malleolos: properlymalleolus, is “a hammer,” the tranverse head of which was formed for holding pitch and tow. These latter were set on fire and thrown slowly that they might not be extinguished, to ignite houses and other buildings. Translate “fire-darts.”
4:quid—sentiat: “what his sentiments are respecting the state:” dep. quest. —polliceor—fore: what verbs are construed with the future infinitive?
5:patefacta—oppressa: note the balancing of these words, and theasyndeton.
§ 33.—1:hisce ominibus: “with these prophetic words”: a kind of abl. absolute.
2:cum—exitio:“with the best interests of the republic (fully established), and with your own calamity and ruin (fully assured) and with the destruction of these”:cumhere denotes an accompanying circumstance as a result or consequence of an action:z, 472.
3:tu: addressing the statue of Juppiter in the temple of Juppiter Stator.
4:auspiciis: not only temples but also statues were consecrated, by taking auspices.
5:statorem: “the flight staying”: seenote 6, § 11. A kind of rhetorical exaggeration, as the temple was only viewed by Romulus and built much later; Livy x. 37.
6:arcebis: with a softened imperative force: so alsomactabis.
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AAhāla, -ae: m.:Caius Servilius Ahalawas master of the horse to the dictator Cincinnatus, 439 B.C. Spurius Maelius, one of theEquites, bought corn at a low rate and distributed it gratuitiously to the poor. By this he gained the favour of the plebeians, but incurred the enmity of the patricians. When he was summoned by the dictator to appear on the charge of aiming at royal power, he refused, and Ahala, with an armed band, rushed into the crowd where he was standing, and slew him. Cicero often praises the deed of Ahala, but it is doubtful whether it can be defended.EEtrūrĭa, -ae: f.: a large district of Italy, lying west and north of the Tiber. This part of Italy was generally favorable to Catiline. In it wereFaesulae, andPistoria, where Catiline fell, 62 B.C.FFaesulae, ārum: f.: nowFiesole, near Florentia (Florence), in Etruria. Here Catiline raised the standard of rebellion.Fŏrum Aurēlĭum, Fŏri Aurēlĭi: n.: a town of Etruria, on the Aurelian way; nowMonte Alto.Flaccus, -i: m.:M. Fulvius Flaccuswas charged with the execution of the Agrarian law of the Gracchi, and aided Tib. Gracchus to gain for all the Italians the rights of Roman citizenship. He was cited along with the consul Opimius to render an account of his conduct with regard to the revolutionary measures then proposed. This he refused to obey, and was slain along with his eldest son.Fulvius, -i: m.: see preceding.GGracchus, -i: m.:Tiberius Sempronius GracchusandCaius Sempronius Gracchuswere sons of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and of Cornelia, Daughter of Scipio Africanus Major. The object of both brothers was to have the public lands divided and given to the poor, by allowing no one to hold more than 500jugeraof land. The state was to compensate the wealthy for all the loss. Both brothers fell in the sedition that arose out of their revolutionary schemes: Tiberius in 132 B.C., and Caius in 122 B.C.IItălĭa, -ae: f.: Italy, a country of Southern Europe.JJānŭārĭus, -a, -um: adj.: of or belonging toJanuary.Juppĭter, Jŏvis: m.: Juppiter, the supreme god of Roman mythology.LLaeca, -ae: m.:M. Porcius Laeca, an accomplice of Catiline, who convened at his house the leading members of the conspiracy.Lĕpĭdus, -i: m.:M’. Lepidus, consul with L. Volcatius Tullus 67 B.C.Lĕpĭdus, -i: m.:M. Lepidus, consul with Catulus 79 B.C.MMaelĭus, -i: m.:Spurius Maelius, a RomanEques, who attempted to gain regal power at Rome by securing the favour of the plebeians 449 B.C. This he tried to do by supplying corn at a low rate. He was summoned to appear before Cincinnatus, the dictator, but refused, and was slain by Ahala.Manlĭānus, -a, -um: adj.: of or belonging to Manlius.Manlĭus, -i: m.:Caius Manlius, an accomplice of Catiline, and sent to Etruria to collect troops. He commanded the right wing of Catiline’s army at Pistoria, and “foremost fighting fell.”Marcellus, -i: m.:Marcus Marcellus, an accomplice and intimate friend of Catiline.Mĕtellus, -i: m.:Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer, praetor in 63 B.C. He was despatched by Cicero into the Gallic and Picene districts to raise a force against Catiline. He was consul 61 B.C., and poisoned by his wife Clodia 59 B.C.NNŏvembris, -e: adj.: belonging to November.OOpīmĭus, -i: m.:Lucius Opimiuswas consul in 122 B.C. He opposed the designs of C. Gracchus.PPălātĭum, -i: n.: the Palatine hill was the largest of the seven hills on which Rome was built. Romulus laid here the foundation of the city, and here in the imperial period were the residences of the Roman emperors.Praeneste, -is: n.: nowPalestrina, an ancient city of Latium, 23 miles S.E. of Rome. Its citadel was remarkable for the strength of its position.RRōma, -ae: f.: Rome, a celebrated town on the Tiber.Rōmānus, -a, -um: adj.: of or belonging to Rome:Roman.Rōmŭlus, -i: m.; the founder of Rome and king of the city from 753-715 B.C.SSāturnīnus, -i: m.:L. Saturninus, a tribune of the people and a violent partisan of Marius, who abetted him in his numerous misdeeds. He is said to have caused the death of C. Memmius 102 B.C. At length, after many cruel acts, the people became aroused against him, and he was slain in the forum.Scīpĭo, -ōnis: m.:P. Cornelius Scipio Nasīcawas consul 138 B.C. His character was held in the highest estimation by his countrymen. He opposed the measures of Gracchi. After the death of Tiberius Gracchus, unpopularity overtook Scipio, and he was sent to Asia, where he died of chagrin.Servilius, -i: m.:C. Servilius Glaucia, a seditious and profligate individual, put to death 121 B.C.Stator: “the flight staying:” an epithet of Juppiter.TTullĭus, -i: m.:M. Tullius Cicero. See Introduction.Tullus, -i: m.: SeeM’. Lepidus.VVălērĭus, -i: m.:L. Valeriusa partner of Marius in the consulship, 121 B.C.
Ahāla, -ae: m.:Caius Servilius Ahalawas master of the horse to the dictator Cincinnatus, 439 B.C. Spurius Maelius, one of theEquites, bought corn at a low rate and distributed it gratuitiously to the poor. By this he gained the favour of the plebeians, but incurred the enmity of the patricians. When he was summoned by the dictator to appear on the charge of aiming at royal power, he refused, and Ahala, with an armed band, rushed into the crowd where he was standing, and slew him. Cicero often praises the deed of Ahala, but it is doubtful whether it can be defended.
Etrūrĭa, -ae: f.: a large district of Italy, lying west and north of the Tiber. This part of Italy was generally favorable to Catiline. In it wereFaesulae, andPistoria, where Catiline fell, 62 B.C.
Faesulae, ārum: f.: nowFiesole, near Florentia (Florence), in Etruria. Here Catiline raised the standard of rebellion.
Fŏrum Aurēlĭum, Fŏri Aurēlĭi: n.: a town of Etruria, on the Aurelian way; nowMonte Alto.
Flaccus, -i: m.:M. Fulvius Flaccuswas charged with the execution of the Agrarian law of the Gracchi, and aided Tib. Gracchus to gain for all the Italians the rights of Roman citizenship. He was cited along with the consul Opimius to render an account of his conduct with regard to the revolutionary measures then proposed. This he refused to obey, and was slain along with his eldest son.
Fulvius, -i: m.: see preceding.
Gracchus, -i: m.:Tiberius Sempronius GracchusandCaius Sempronius Gracchuswere sons of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and of Cornelia, Daughter of Scipio Africanus Major. The object of both brothers was to have the public lands divided and given to the poor, by allowing no one to hold more than 500jugeraof land. The state was to compensate the wealthy for all the loss. Both brothers fell in the sedition that arose out of their revolutionary schemes: Tiberius in 132 B.C., and Caius in 122 B.C.
Itălĭa, -ae: f.: Italy, a country of Southern Europe.
Jānŭārĭus, -a, -um: adj.: of or belonging toJanuary.
Juppĭter, Jŏvis: m.: Juppiter, the supreme god of Roman mythology.
Laeca, -ae: m.:M. Porcius Laeca, an accomplice of Catiline, who convened at his house the leading members of the conspiracy.
Lĕpĭdus, -i: m.:M’. Lepidus, consul with L. Volcatius Tullus 67 B.C.
Lĕpĭdus, -i: m.:M. Lepidus, consul with Catulus 79 B.C.
Maelĭus, -i: m.:Spurius Maelius, a RomanEques, who attempted to gain regal power at Rome by securing the favour of the plebeians 449 B.C. This he tried to do by supplying corn at a low rate. He was summoned to appear before Cincinnatus, the dictator, but refused, and was slain by Ahala.
Manlĭānus, -a, -um: adj.: of or belonging to Manlius.
Manlĭus, -i: m.:Caius Manlius, an accomplice of Catiline, and sent to Etruria to collect troops. He commanded the right wing of Catiline’s army at Pistoria, and “foremost fighting fell.”
Marcellus, -i: m.:Marcus Marcellus, an accomplice and intimate friend of Catiline.
Mĕtellus, -i: m.:Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer, praetor in 63 B.C. He was despatched by Cicero into the Gallic and Picene districts to raise a force against Catiline. He was consul 61 B.C., and poisoned by his wife Clodia 59 B.C.
Nŏvembris, -e: adj.: belonging to November.
Opīmĭus, -i: m.:Lucius Opimiuswas consul in 122 B.C. He opposed the designs of C. Gracchus.
Pălātĭum, -i: n.: the Palatine hill was the largest of the seven hills on which Rome was built. Romulus laid here the foundation of the city, and here in the imperial period were the residences of the Roman emperors.
Praeneste, -is: n.: nowPalestrina, an ancient city of Latium, 23 miles S.E. of Rome. Its citadel was remarkable for the strength of its position.
Rōma, -ae: f.: Rome, a celebrated town on the Tiber.
Rōmānus, -a, -um: adj.: of or belonging to Rome:Roman.
Rōmŭlus, -i: m.; the founder of Rome and king of the city from 753-715 B.C.
Sāturnīnus, -i: m.:L. Saturninus, a tribune of the people and a violent partisan of Marius, who abetted him in his numerous misdeeds. He is said to have caused the death of C. Memmius 102 B.C. At length, after many cruel acts, the people became aroused against him, and he was slain in the forum.
Scīpĭo, -ōnis: m.:P. Cornelius Scipio Nasīcawas consul 138 B.C. His character was held in the highest estimation by his countrymen. He opposed the measures of Gracchi. After the death of Tiberius Gracchus, unpopularity overtook Scipio, and he was sent to Asia, where he died of chagrin.
Servilius, -i: m.:C. Servilius Glaucia, a seditious and profligate individual, put to death 121 B.C.
Stator: “the flight staying:” an epithet of Juppiter.
Tullĭus, -i: m.:M. Tullius Cicero. See Introduction.
Tullus, -i: m.: SeeM’. Lepidus.
Vălērĭus, -i: m.:L. Valeriusa partner of Marius in the consulship, 121 B.C.
N.B.—Where the etymology is not given, the word is of very uncertain or unknown origin.
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Most verbs are given in a non-standard order, with the present active infinitive placedafterthe other principal parts. Exceptions are mainly irregular verbs such aseo,ferre,fio,voloand their compounds.ABCDEFGHIJLMNOPQRSTUV
Most verbs are given in a non-standard order, with the present active infinitive placedafterthe other principal parts. Exceptions are mainly irregular verbs such aseo,ferre,fio,voloand their compounds.
ABCDEFGHIJLMNOPQRSTUV