Gasing, 99/1,pr. p.gazing, staring.Gate, 64/17,s.walk, gait.Gayler, 86/11,s.guardian, housekeeper.Geanie, 2/6,adj.profitable, useful. A.S.gægn, fit, suitable. Robert de Brunne in his History of England, 3376, has, "ageinerway" = a more direct advantageous way. Scot.gane, fit, useful. Lanc.gainestway = the shortest cut.Geld, 15/17,s.castrate, spay.*Gentiles, 17,s. pl.gentle-folk.Gentilie, 9/14,adv.kindly, with proper respect.Gentils, 49/c,s. pl.gentles, maggots.Gentlenes, 102/7,s.gentlemanly manners.Gently, 102/7,adv.as gentlemen, in a gentlemanly manner.Gentrie, 114/33,s.true nobility.Gesse, 114/1,v. imp.guess, believe.Gest, 4/2,s.a guest. A.S.gest.Get, 9/5,v.earn.Gettings, 9/5,s.earnings.Giddie braine, 10/23,adj.giddy, unsteady.Giles, 114/18,s. pl.traps, deceits.Gillet, 50/30,s.lad. Gael,gille, giolla, a lad. Halliwell gives "an instrument for thatching" as the meaning in this passage, but why, I do not know.Gillian spendal, 23/18, wasteful, careless housekeeper.Giloflowers, 15/42,s. pl.carnations, pinks. Fr.giroflée, from Lat.caryophyllus, a clove, from the clove-like smell of the flowers.—Wedgwood.Gin, 10/19,s.trap.Ginnes, 106/22,s. pl.means, contrivances.Ginnie, 90/5, Jenny.Ginny, 33/38,s.a name for a filly. Mavor reads Jilly.Gise, 97/4,s.fashion, way.Gloues, 57/9,s. pl.gloves.God night, 18/49. A phrase equivalent to "it is all over," "it is too late."Goef, 55/4,s.the stack or rick.Goeler, 46/4,adj."The Goeler is the yellower, which are the best setts, old roots (of hops) being red."—T.R. A.S.geolewe.Gofe, 56/20,s.rick, stack. In Addit. MS. 1295, a Lat. Eng. Vocab. written in Norfolk in the 15th century, occur "Gelimo, to golue,Ingelimum, golfe." Palsgrave gives "agoulfeof corne."Gofe ladder, 17/1,s.a ladder for hay ricks.Gole, 115/3,s.goal, prize.Goom, 33/59,s.gum.Goordes, 41/5,s. pl.gourds. Lat.cucurbita.Gossep, 94/7,s.gossips, companions.Got, 114/16,pp.caught.Gotten, 10/4,pp.earned, acquired.Gould, 3/3,s.gold, money.Goue, 57/10,pp.laid up in the barn in the straw. Another form ofGoaf. "Goulfeof corne, so moche as may lye betwene two postes."—Palsgrave. Dan.gulve= to lay corn sheaves on the floor, from Dan.gulv, a floor.Gouing, 57/23,v.laying up in the barn in the straw. SeeGoue.Graffing, 46/10,s.grafting. O. Fr.grafe, from Lat.graphium, a pencil, from the resemblance of the graft to a pointed pencil.Grassebeefe, 12/4,s.beef of an ox fattened upon grass.Grate, 10/29,s.prison (grating).Greaseth, 68/2,v. pr. t.bribes, enriches.Great, 57/8, by great = task or piece-work, in contradistinction today-work.Greedie gainfull, 2/13,adj.greedy for gain.Greefe, 89/8,s.trouble, worry.Gregorie, 46/2. St. Gregory's Day, 12th March.Grinstone, 17/8,s.grindstone.Gromel, 45/9,s.the plant Gromwell.Lithospermum arvense, Linn.Grosest, 19/18,adj.heaviest, thickest, Fr.gros.Grosse, 18/18,adj.coarse.Grossum caput, 95/1, a blockhead, stupid.Grotes, 33/46,s. pl.money (groats). L. Ger. grot = a large piece (of money), so called because before this coin was issued by Edward III., the English had no larger silver coin than the penny.Gruch, 57/19;Grutch, 86/2,v.grudge. O. Fr.grouchier, to grumble.Grutching, 10/8,s.grumbling.Guise, 89/12, *Guyse, 5,s.habit, custom.Gunstone, 10/19,s.a ball of stone, used in heavy artillery before the introduction of iron shot.—Nares' Gloss.Gutted, 46/4,pp.taken off from the old roots.*Gutting, 27,v.cutting up, making ruts in.H.Haberden, 23/12,s."that kind of cod which is usually salted."—Nares. ? Aberdeen haddocks.Hacking, 53/15,v.hewing down, cutting of trees.Had I wist, 77/8, lit. "had I known:" foole had I wist = foolish and useless regrets.*Haft, 60,v. imp."Act like a miser, be a niggard. The sentence then reads 'Be not niggardly towards God of the goods He sends you.'Haft, to grasp (an extension of the verbto have), and hence to save, be a niggard, is preserved inhafter, a miser, saver; which see in my Notes to P. Plowman, l. 197, p. 117. See nine examples of this word in Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 108."—Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat. The word, however, seems to bear even a stronger meaning, for Cooper, in his "Thesaurus," 1584, has "Cauilla, a mocke, a scoffe, an haftyng question, a cauill." The words "haft not to godward" thus may mean "do not grumble at, find fault with, or question the justice of what God sends you."Haie, 63/24,s.hay. A.S.haga.Haier, 57/51,s.cloth made of goats' hair.Haile, 15/34,adj.sound, strong. A.S.hæl.Hailoft, 89/6,s.hay-lofts.Haithorne, 34/28,s.hawthorn. A.S.hagaþornfromhaga= hedge, haw. Ger.hagedorn.Hallomas, 23/1,s.the Feast of All Saints. Hallowmas,i.e.All Saints' Day, Nov. 1, was, in Tusser's time, ten days nearer the winter solstice than now.Hallontide, 21/1. All Saints' Day, 1st November.Handsome, 48/18,adj.useful, ready,handy. A.S.hand, hond, the hand. Prompt. Parv. gives "handsum,manualis."Handsomly, 21/24,adv.neatly, trimly.Hardhead, 71/4,adj.hardy, brave.Hardlie, 10/50,adv.with difficulty.Harlots, 74/4,s. pl.tramps, vagrants, or disreputable characters of either sex. "An harlott,balator, rusticus."—Cathol. Anglicum.Harmes, 16/15,s.in harm's way, in danger.Harolds Booke, 114/11,s. pl.the Books of the College of Heralds.Hart, 19/13,s.strength, fertility.Harted, 48/17,pp.provided with a good heart, or, as we should now say, a good bottom; strengthened.*Harthe, 65,s.hearth.Hartilie, 10/55,adj.hearty.Hartstong, 45/10,s.the Heartstongue,Ceterach officinarum, so called from the shape of the frond.Hastings, 18/32,s. pl.an early variety of peas, "soone ripe, soone rotten."—D. Rogers' Naaman.Hauke, 56/44,s.hawking, falconry.Haunt, 67/14,v.follow, pursue, be accustomed. O. Fr.hanter, to pursue.Haunting, 16/31,adj.frequenting, in the habit of coming.Hauocke, 77/3,s.havoc, waste.Hawe, 36/13,s.the berries of the hawthorn, hips.Hawme, 55/14,s.haulm, straw."Haulm, straw left in an esh or gratten; stubble, thatch. Sax. hælme,culmus, calamus. Icel. halmur,palea."—Bish. Kennett's MS. Ray gives "haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned."Hazard, 23/11,s.danger.Heale, 19/37,v.to recover, be cured.Healthsom, 11/8,adj.healthy, invigorating.*Heare, 41,s.hair.Hearesaie, 2/10,s.hearsay, report.Hearie, 49/7,adj.hairy, full of hairs. A.S.hær.O. Icel.här, hair.Heate, 76/2,pp.heated, hot.Heawers, 47/8,s. pl.woodcutters. A.S.heawan, to cut.Hed, 89/9,s.head, mind.Hedlonds, 52/17,s. pl.headlands.Hew, 113/1,s.colour, "changed hew" = have changed, become unfavourable.Hew prowler, 35/25. "Hugh Prowler is our Author's name for a night-walker."—T.R.Hid, 2/11,s.care, heed. A.S.hédan.Hier, 23/9,s.business, duty.Hight, 114/3,v. pt. t.was called, named. O. Eng.higt, higte. A.S.hâttefromhatan, to call, name.Hilback, 10/40,s.cover back,i.e.clothes, extravagance in dress. Kennett, MS. Lansdowne 1033.—Halliwell. A.S.hilan, helan, to cover.Hindring, 88/3,v.injuring, damaging.Hir, 35/51,poss. pr.their. A.S.heor.Hobbard de Hoy, 60/3,s.a lad approaching manhood. "Hober-de-hoy, half a man and half a boy."—Ray's Gloss.Hogscote, 17/21,s.a pen or sty for hogs.Holds, 33/40,v. pr. t.equals, gains equal.Holiokes, 43/15,s. pl.hollyhocks. A.S.holihoc.Homelie, 1/2,adj.plain, homely, unpretending.Hone, 46/9,s."a common rubber or whetstone."—T.R.Honie, 106/4,adj.sweet.Horehound, 45/11,s.horehound. A.S.hara-hune, or possibly a corruption of Lat.urinaria, the plant being considered a sovereign remedy in cases of strangury and dysuria.Horselock, 17/21,s.shackles for horses' feet.Horseteeme, 17/10,s.team of horses.Hostis, 10/8,s. pl.entertainers.Housholdry, 9/11,s.furniture and articles for domestic use.Houell, 52/8,s.barn, outhouse.Houen, 49/4,pp.swelled. A.S.hebban, hefan(pp.hofen), to heave, raise. O. H. Ger.hevan.Hower, 107/4,s.hour.Howse, 57/32,v. imp.house.Hoy, 57/13,v. imp.drag, frighten, drive away by crying, "hoy, hoy!"Hull, 36/23,s.holly.Huluer, 48/10,s.holly. O. Icel.hulfr.Hurtillberies, 34/13,s. pl.the hurtle-berry or whortleberry, bilberry.Hutch, 10/47,s.money chest or box. A.S. hwæca = chest, an unauthorised (? invented) form, due to Somner. O. Fr.houche.I.*Iayle, 88,s.a gaol, prison.Ictus sapit, 2/8. Lat. Prov. See NoteE15.Indian eie, 43/16,s.the Pink, so called from the eye-shaped marking of the corolla.Inholder, 97/1,s.innkeeper.Inned, 23/19,pp.saved, housed.Intreating, 88/5,s.treatment.Inuest, 11/8,v.surround.Ise, 112/2,s.ice.Isop, 42/9,s.hyssop. A name assigned in the Authorised Version of the Bible to the caper.Ist, 5/3, is it.Iuie, 50/6, *Iuye, 42,s.ivy. A.S.ifig.J.Jack, 17/20,s.a horse or wooden frame upon which wood is sawn.Jack, 85/10,s.a drinking vessel containing half a pint according to Grose, and quarter of a pint according to Pegge, and Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham.Jade, 17/3,s.an ill-tempered horse.Janting, 87/3,v.driving. Cotgrave gives another form of the word in English. "lancer un cheval. To stirre a horse in the stable till hee sweat withall; or (as our) to iaunt; an old word." "Jaunt" is found in Romeo and Juliet, ii. 5, 26,"What ajaunthave I had!" and in line 53 of the same scene:"To catch my death withjauntingup and down."Cf. also Richard II. v. 5, 94.Jarring, 88/3,s.quarrelling, scolding.Jerke, 64*/9,s.stroke, blow. SeeYerke.Jet, 114/38,v.strut about, walk proudly. Fr.jetter."Along the streetes as he dothjettingpasse,His outside showes him for an inward asse."—Rowland's Knave of Hearts, 1613.Jettie, 68/1,v.walk or strut about.Jobbing, 37/12,v.pecking. "As an ass with a galled back was feeding in a meadow, a raven pitched upon him, and their satejobbingof the sore."—L'Estrange's Esop.John Baptist, 12/4. The feast of St. John the Baptist, 24th June.Jornie, 57/38,v. pr. t.go on a journey, start.Just, 57/10,adv.neatly, trimly.K.Karle hempe, 15/24,s.the male hemp. See Glossary of Manley and Corringham (E. D. Soc. No. VI.), by E. Peacock.Keies, 89/3,s. pl.. keys, locks.Kell, 57/51,s.hop-kiln.Kerue, 114/32,v.(carve), set out, arrange.Kest, 11/3,v. imp.cast, turn.Kiffe, 10/30,s.kith, kindred, relations.Kinde, 46/20,s.nature, natural way. A.S.cynd.Kirnels, 36/13,s. pl.pips, seeds. A.S.cyrnel.Knacker, 58/5,s.a cart, collar and harness maker, chiefly employed by farmers.Knackes, 86/7,s. pl.knickknacks, trifles.Knap, 85/11,v. imp.rap, knock.Knauerie, 9/13,s.roguery, craft, deceit.Knede, 74/5,v. imp.knead. A.S.cnedan. O. H. Ger.chnetan.Kniueles, 98/1,adj.having no knives. "When knives were not laid for the guests, as at the present period, they would use their daggers to carve with, which were harmless as to any other purpose."—Mavor.Knot, 22/22,s.flower-beds laid out in fanciful shapes. See Bacon's Essay Of Gardens, ed. W. A. Wright, p. 189: "As for the making ofknots, or figures, with divers coloured earths, that they may lie under the windowes of the house, on that side, which the garden stands, they be but toyes." Compare also Love's Labour's Lost, i. 1, 249: "Thy curious-knottedgarden;" and Milton's Paradise Lost, iv. 242:"Flowers worthy of Paradise, which not nice artIn beds and curiousknots, but nature boonPour'd forth profuse."And Shakspere, Richard II. iii. 4, 46.Knotted, 42/13,adj.jointed. "Theknottedrush-ringes, and gilte Rosemaree."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. November.L.Lackey, 87/3, servant, messenger.Lag, 20/15,v. pr. t.pilfer, steal.Lagged, 36/25,pp.caught.Laggoose, 85/4,s.laggard, lazy.Laie, 4/1, 9/32,v.plan, intend, purpose.Laie, 35/46,Lay, 35/48,s.untilled land, grass land, lea.Laier, 63/4,s.soil, ground.Laier, 20/27,s.beds, litter.Lammas, 50/36,s.Lammas Day, the 1st August. A.S.hlâfmaesse. O. Eng.loafmas, the bread-feast or feast of first fruits.Lamming, 35/21,s.lambing.Lams, 51/1,s.lambs.Langdebiefe, 39/16,s.Wild bugloss. See Mr. Britten's note,E205.Larkes foot, 43/18,s.Larkspur, or Larksclaw.Delphinium, Linn.Lash, 63/20,s.dirt, mud; leaue in the lash = leave in the lurch, or, perhaps, in the snare, trap. See next word.Lash, 10/15,s.the leash in which an animal is caught or held, hence "to run in the lash" = to fall into the snare.Lasheth, 23/18,v. pr. t.lavisheth, wastes.Lashinglie, 9/6,adv.lavishly, freely.Lash out, 9/6,v.lavish, spend.Laster, 85/10,s.is no laster = will not or does not last, i.e. is soon broken.Launders, 83/2,s. pl.washers, laundresses.Lauender cotten, 42/12,s.the Garden cypres,Chamæcyparissus.—Lyte's Dodoens, ed. 1578, p. 29.Lauender spike, 42/11,s.spike lavender,Lavandula spica, from M. Lat.lavendula, fromlavare= to wash, as being the plant used to scent newly-washed linen, whence the expression of "laid up in lavender." The essential oil distilled from this plant, which is nearly allied to the common Lavender, is called in French Essence d'Aspic, and in English Oil of Spike. It is used in porcelain painting and in veterinary medicine. See Pharmacographia, p. 430.Lawe, 56/2,s.rule, for a lawe = as a rule.Laxe, 19/41,s.looseness, diarrhœa. SeeCowlaske.Lay, 10/60,v. pr. t.plan, try.Lay land, 33/49,s.untilled lands. "Lay lande,terre nouvellement labourée."—Palsgrave.Lead, 56/14,s.a cauldron, copper, or kettle. Gaelicluchd= a pot, kettle. "That stemede as a forneys of aleede."—Chaucer, Prologue to C. T. l. 202. "Make þe broys in þeled."—Havelok, ed. Skeat, 924.Lease, 33/49,s.a pasture. "A lease is a name used in some countries for a small piece of ground of two or three acres."—T.R. O.E.leswen, to pasture, from A.S.læsu, a pasture,lǽswian, to pasture.Leaueled, 46/7,pp.levelled, measured.Leauens, 89/10,s. pl.the barm and meal laid together for fermentation:to lay the leavens or leavance= to put them together for that purpose. See Halliwell, s.v. Leavance.Leese, 56/47,v. imp.lose, miss.Leete, 86/10,s.a manor court.Lemmans, 40/2a,s. pl.lemons. Arabiclaimûn.Lent stuffe, 63/36,s.provisions for Lent.Lesse, 2/8,s.lease, term. Fr.lais, laissement, the lease or instrument by which a holding of any kind is let (laissé) to a tenant.Let, 57/50,s.hindrance, obstacle.Letted, 23/2,pp.hindered, delayed.Lettis, 39/18,s.lettuce. Lat.lectuca, from Greek γαλὰ [Greek: gala] gen. γάλακτος [Greek: galaktos], milk, and ἔχω [Greek: echo], to contain, throughlattouce, an older form (still retained in Scotland)."Letuce of lac derivyed is perchaunce;Ffor mvlk it hath or yeveth abundaunce."—Palladius on Husbondrie, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Lodge, 51/216.Leuer, 50/9,adv.sooner, rather. A.S.leofer.Lick, 23/6,v.lick themselves.Licoras, 45/13,s.liquoras.Licour, 22/23,s.water, drink.Lide, 114/3,v. pt. t.lay, was situate.Lie in the dust, 10/32, cease, be done away with.Lieng alonge, 19/25, lying at a distance.Linage, 114/3,s.lineage, family.Lightly, 46/20,adv.easily.Likest, 35/34,adj.most likely, promising.Lillium cum-vallium, 43/20,s.Lily of the valley, or Lily-convally. Lat.Lilium convallium, a name taken from Canticles ii. 1, "I am the lily of the valleys."Line, 17/5,s.rope (?).Ling, 57/36,s.a fish (Lota molva) resembling a cod, but longer and more slender. When salted, it is extensively used for food in Scotland and Ireland. Fr.lingue, O. Dutch,linghe.Linne, 97/3,s.the town of Lynn. "To purchase Lynn" seems to have been a proverbial mode of expression used in ridicule of stinginess.—Mavor.Linnen, 94/13,s.linen.Litherly, 85/8,adj.lazy, idle.Lively spide, 3/2, quickly seen.Liuerwort, 39/20,s.so called from thelivershape of the thallus. Lyte (Dodoens, ed. 1587, p. 411) tells us it is "a sovereign medicine against the heate and inflammation of the liver."Loiterers, 2/6,s. pl.hangers on, dependents.*Lone, 10,s. pl.a loan, grant from God.Longing, 16/10,s.desire, what it requires.Longwort, 39/19,s.lungwort,Pulmonaria maculosa.Looke, 5/1, 10/4,v.look for, seek, expect.Loose, 57/22,v. pr. t.lose, waste.Lop, 33/13,s.the faggot wood of a tree.Lordlie, 113/3,adv.to live in a lordly or grand style.Losels, 63/12,s. pl.worthless, abandoned fellows. Prompt. Parv. has "Lorel or losel, or ludene,lurco."Louage, 45/12,s.Lovage.Ligusticum Scoticum, Linn.Lowe, 23/24,adj.not advanced, if Spring is taken to mean theseason; or, not grown up, if Spring is theyoung grass.Lowe, 63/11,adv.low, feeding so lowe = to allow the flocks to eat the pasture too low or short.Lower, 20/17,v.scowl, look discontented.Lubberlie, 9/16,adj.lazy, idle. "Thither this luskinglubbersoftly creeped."Tom Tel Troth's Message, New Shak. Soc. ed. F. J. Furnivall, p. 128. "Baligaut, m.an vnweldielubber, great lobcocke, huge luske, mishapen lowt, ill-fauoured flabergullion."—Cotgrave.Lubbers, 57/22,s. pl.louts, awkward fellows. Welshllob= a heavy lump,llabi= a looby. Gaelicleobhair= a lubber.—Wedgwood.Lug, 87/4,v.drag, draw.Lurched, 23/3,pp.robbed of their food, being left in thelurch.Lurching, 88/7,s.greediness. L. Lat.lurcare, to swallow food greedily. "Tolurch, devour, or eate greadily,ingurgito."—Baret's Alvearie. Cf. Bacon's Essays, xlv.Lurke, 86/1,v.idle, loiter about.Lurketh, 62/9,v. pr. t.lounge, dawdle about. The same as Lusk. Harman, p. 82, speaks of "lewtering luskes and lazy lorrels."Lust, 15/10,s.desire.Lustie, 60/5,adj.strong, lusty.M.Mads, 50/4,s. pl.maggots, worms. Another form ofmoth.Magget the py, 49/9, the magpie. See noteE300.Maides, 90/3,s. pl.maidens, girls.Maierom, 42/13,s.marjoram, from Lat.majorana, with the change ofntom, as in "Holm, Lime," etc.Maine, 19/17,adj. = meint, i.e.mixedwheat. SeeMungormuncornin Halliwell.Mainecombe, 17/3,s.a comb for horses' manes.Maine sea, 14/4, the ocean, the high sea. Cf. the expression "the Spanish main."Male, 102/4,s.mail-bag, portmanteau, or sack.Mallow, 33/6,s.the field mallow.Mams, 95/5,s. pl.mothers, mammas.Manerly, 85/11,adj.polite, decent.Mar, 95/2,v.spoil, ruin.*Marefoles, 53,s. pl.fillies.Marke, 17/17,s.marking tool.Marres, 20/14,v. pr. t.spoils, interrupts.Marrow, 57/40,s.a mate, companion. "Marwe, or felawe yn trauayle or mate,socius, compar, sodalis."—Prompt. Parv. See Towneley Mysteries, p. 110, and quotations in Craven Glossary and Jamieson.Marsh men, 17/19,s. pl.farmers in the fen and marshy country.Martilmas, 12/3. The feast of St. Martin, 11th November. See NoteE60.Mast, 63/5,s.the fruit of the oak and beech and other forest trees. A.S.mǽst. Ger.mast, from Gothicmatan, to nourish.Mastlin, 63/23,s.mixed corn. SeeMestlen.Mates, 114/30,s. pl.companions.Mawdlin, 49/c,s.Magdalene.Mawdelin, 42/14,s.Maudlin.Balsamita fæminea.—Gerard's Herball.Meade, 63/3,s.meadow. A.S.mǽd, meadu, genitive,meadewes.Meake, 17/14,s."a hook at the end of a handle five foot long."—T.R. "Ameagormeak, a pease-hook."—Ray. Also in Coles' Dict. 1676.Meane, 114/25, means, help.Meanie, 2/6,adj.many.Measling, 16/23, becoming measly. "Masylormazil, sekenesse."—Prompt. Parv.Measure, 68/9,v.be moderate, be within measure.Meated, 17/12,pp.fed.Meateth, 62/7,v. pr. t.feeds, supports.Medcin, 33/19,s.medicine.Meedeful, 87/7,adj.thankful.Meedes, 106/4,s. pl.meadows. SeeMeade.Mendbreech, 89/6,s.one who sits up late at night to mend his clothes.Mercurie, 39/22,s.Mercury, or Good King Henry, is largely grown bycottagers in Lincolnshire. This plant, theChenopodium bonus henricusof botanists, bears tender young leaves resembling spinach, which, when cooked, are but little inferior in flavour to the finest asparagus. It is a robust-growing perennial, and, when once planted in deep, rich soil, requires no further cultural attention than a dressing of well-decomposed manure during the winter.Mestlen, 37/21,s.a mixture of wheat and rye. "Mastilȝone,bigermen, mixtilio."—Cath. Ang. "Framois, meslin of oats and barlie mixed." "Meteil, messling or misslin, wheat and rie mingled."—Cotgrave.Mew, 36/26,s.a cage for moulting.Michel, 33/32,Mihel, 57/25,Mihell, 12/4,s.Michaelmas. The feast of St. Michael and All Angels, 29th September.Michers, 10/15,s. pl.lurking thieves, skulkers. "Mecher, a lytell thefe,laronceau."—Palsgrave. Now common as a term for a truant. Cf. Shak. I Henry IV. ii. 4: "Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove amicherand eat blackberries."Mickle, 68/1,adj.great, much.Mier, 107/4,s.mire, filth. A.S.myre.*Mier, 38,Mierie, 114/27,adj.filthy, muddy.Mihelmas, 57/44, Michaelmas.*Millons, 72/c, s. pl.melons. SeeMusk Million.Mind, 68/5,v.notice, comment on.Mind, 63/1,v. pr. t.intend, have in mind, wish.Minion, 66/4,adj.pleasant, agreeable, favourite. Fr.mignon. L. Lat.mignonetus, gratissimus, minna,love.Minnekin, 10/20,adj.little, perhaps with the idea of the modern contracted form "minx."Miring, 23/3,v.being stuck in bogs.Mis, 16/8,v.want, be without.Mischiefe, 23/4,v.hurt, injure.Mischieued, 10/36,adj.unfortunate, ruined.Misdeeme, 30/3,v.misjudge. A.S.deman, to judge.Mislike, 23/16,v.displease, not suit.Mistle, 33/12,s.mistletoe. A.S.mistel. O. H. Ger.mistil.Mitch, 17/17,adj.large.Mite, 63/20,s.the smallest piece. A.Smite.Mo, 33/57,adj.more, others. A.S.mâ.Moether, 17/13, Mother, 16/14,s.a girl. A woman and her mawther = a woman and her daughter. "Moder, servaunte or wench."—Prompt. Parv.Mogwort, 45/15,s.mugwort,Artemisia vulgaris, Linn.Moile, 4/1,v.to work hard, drudge. Lat.moliri, to struggle. "In the earth wemoilewith hunger, care and paine."—Mirror for Magist. ed. 1610.Molding, 55/4,v.becoming musty, or mouldy.Mome, 62/3,s.blockhead, fool. "A gull, a ninny, amome."—Florio, p. 81. "A youth will play the wanton, and an olde man proove amome."—Drayton, Skeltoniad.Mone, 67/1,s.complaint, lamentation.Mooueth, 94/7,v. pr. t.moves or exerts herself, plans.Mother, 16/14,s.a girl. SeeMoether.Moulspare, 17/18,s.mole spear.Mow, 17/19,s.stack of hay or corn. A.S.muwa. L. Lat.mugium.Mowles, 36/17,s. pl.moles.Mowse, 38/3,v. pr. t.mouth, bite.Mowth, 57/25,v.eat.Muck, 51/13,s.manure.Mulley, 57/46, a common name for a cow in Suffolk.Mungrels, 46/3,s. pl.cur dogs, mongrels. A.S.menegan, to mix, hence an animal of a mixed breed, a hybrid.Musk Million, 40/8,s.the musk melon. "Pickled cowcombers I have bought a pecke for threepence, andmusk mellions, there hath beene cast five or sixe loads of them in one day to their hogs."—Taylor's Works, 1630. See Lyte's Dodoens, p. 590.Myslen, 16/11,s.mixed corn. Mestlyone or monge corne or dragge.—Prompt. Parv. SeeDredgeandMestlen.N.Nads, 17/9,s.an adze.Naile, 17/8,s.nails.Nall, 17/4,s.an awl.Naughtie, 53/20,adj.useless, unfit.Naughtly, 10/4,adv.by unfair or improper means.Nauewes, 41/6,s. pl.wild navew.Brassica napus, L. Fr.naveau, fromnapellus, dimin. ofnapus= the rape.*Nawlt, 32, ?nawt, nothing.Neat, 50/28,s.cattle. A.S.neât, horned cattle.Neatherd, 63/2,s.herdsman, the man who attends to the cattle.Needams shore, 97/5. "A punning proverb recorded in Ray; and signifying that waste and extravagance bring a man to want or need."—Mavor.Needfullie, 9/15,adv.necessarily.Ne forte, 23/10, Latin, lest by chance.Nep, 39/24,s.cat mint, a contraction from the Lat.nepeta.Nest, 11/6,v.nestle, settle.*Nestling, 41,v.harbouring, supporting.Nettie, 68/1,adj.natty, neat. O. Fr.net, from Lat.nitidus.Nice, 102/1,adj.careful, particular.Nick, 98/4,v.cut, notch.Nie, 16/4,adj.near, convenient.Nips, 114/5,s. pl.pinches.Niggerly, 27/4,adj.niggardly, miserly. Icel.hnöggr, sparing, miserly. Cf. Ger.knicker, a niggard.Nittes, 21/23,s. pl.the eggs of a louse or other insects. A.S.hnitu.Noble, 16/16,s.noble, a gold coin of the value of 6s.8d.Noddies, 18/20,Nodie, 98/4,s. pl.simpletons, fools."Ere you come hither, proove I was somebody,The king delighted in me, now I am anoddy."—Damon and Pythias, i. 174.Noe, 7/4,s.Noah.Noiance, 16/8,s.injury, trouble.Noie, 52/15,v. pr. t.are injurious, noxious.Noieth, 57/13,v. pr. t.suffer harm or injury.Noisome, 10/8,adj.injurious, damaging.Norfolk wiles, 114/18, "Essex miles, Suffolk stiles, Norfolk wiles, many men beguiles."—Old East Anglian saw. See noteE500.Nowles, 36/17,s. pl.the hillocks, little mounds. A. S. cnoll,cacumen. "Nolle,idem quodnodul."—Prompt. Parv.Noy, 53/15,v.hurt, are injurious. See Noie.Noyer, 13/2,s.one that hurts or injures.Nurteth, 20/28,v. pr. t.poke or push with the horns.? connected with Fr.nuire, Lat.nocere. Halliwell quotes from Gawaynenirt= a cut, hurt.Nurture, 10/57,s.training.O.Of, 106/12,prep.through, in consequence of.Of, 106/2,prep.out of, from.Of, 19/22,prep.after.Of, 64*/4,prep.with, by means of.Ofcorne, 86/5,s.offal or waste corn.Office, 99/2,s.duty. Lat.officium.Oke, 19/31,s.oaks. A.S.Æc.Ope gap, 16/36, hedge or fence breakers.Open, 16/38,v.bark, open his mouth.Opprest, 19/29,pp.troubled, laden.Opte, 114/22,v. pt. t.opened.*Or and, 18, before. Cf. Er an.Orach or Arach, 39/26,s.Orach.Atriplex sativa alba. Atriplex sativa purpurea.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.Orderlie, 9/8,adv.in due order.Orengis, 40/4a, s. pl.oranges. Arabic,nârandj. L. Lat.arantia, from its first title,pomum aurantium, golden apple.Otemell, 46/26,s.oatmeal. A.S.âta, oat, andmæl, meal.Otes, 46/13,s. pl.oats.Othing, 94/6, one thing.Out, 16/17,adv.outdoor, open air.Ouercome, 53/4,v.manage, keep up with.Ouerly, 23/21,adv.all over.Over reaching, 2/11, cheating, deceiving.Ouerthwart, 46/9,prep.across. A.S.oferþweorh. O. Eng.outhwar, thweorh. O. Norse,thwert.Ox bowes, 17/10,s. pl.the bow of wood which goes round the neck of an ox.Oxboy, 63/15,s.the boy who attends to the cattle.Oxteeme, 17/10,s.team of oxen.Oxyokes, 17/10,s. pl.yokes for oxen.P.Pad, 17/21,s.padlock.Paggles, 43/25,s. pl.cowslip, primrose,paigles. In Suffolk theCuckoo flower. See noteE232.Paier, 17/13,s.pair, couple.Paine, 3/1,s.pains, trouble.Painfull, 77/15,adj.painstaking, careful.Painfull, 2/13,adj.full of trouble, requiring care.Painted, 5/3,pp.adorned; thesermo ornatusof Cicero.Paltrie, 57/30,adj.poor, worthless.Panel, 17/5,s.a pannier. Apannelandpedhave this difference: the one is much shorter than the other, and raised before and behind, and serves for smaller burdens; the other is longer and made for Burdens of Corn. These are fastened with a leathern Girt called a Wantye.—T.R.Parasites, 10/27,s. pl.flatterers, hangers on.Pare, 2/7,v.injure, damage, impair.Pared, 46/4,pp.cleaned and cleared of all superfluous roots.Partition, page 2,s.division.Pas, 48/6,v. pr. t.care. "As for these silken-coated staves, Ipassnot."—Shakspere, 2 Henry VI. iv. 2.Pask, 46/2,s.Easter. Lat.Pascha.Passeth, 102/3,v. pr. t.think, reflect. SeePas.Pasties, 90/7,s. pl.pies.Patch, 51/32,s.originally a fool, jester, here = the farm labourer. Ital.pazzo, which Florio ("New Worlde of Wordes") defines as "foolish, fond, mad, rash, doting, rauing or simple. Also a foole, a gull, an idiot, a mad man, a naturall." By some, however, it is derived from thepatchedor motley coat of the jester.Patches, 53/2,s. pl.places where the shearer has cut the skin of the sheep, wounds.Pates, 63/9,s. pl.persons.Pauncies, 43/24,s.pansies, heartsease. "There'spansies, that's for thoughts."—Shakspere, Hamlet, iv. 5.Pay, 77/11,v.pay home = give a strong, sharp blow.Peake, 67/27,v.to look thin or sickly, "Dwindle,peakand pine."—Shakspere, Macbeth, i. 3.Pearch, 87/5,v.perch, roost.Peasebolt, 18/38,s."pease in the Hawm or Straw."—T.R.Peaseetch, 19/5,s.the aftermath of a crop of peas. SeeEtch.Peasefed, 18/27,adj.fed on peas.Peason, 53/9,s. pl.pease."Prickpeasonand beanes, if thy garden be dry,At change of the moone, and in beautiful skye."—Almanack, 1615.Peccantem, 35/28. See noteE178.Peck, 17/12,s.a peck measure.Ped, 17/5,s.a pannier, a large capacious basket, in which fowls, eggs, fish, etc., are hawked about the country. Peder, a small farmer (Lincoln), "Pedde, idem quod panere,calathus."—Prompt. Parv. "Pedder,revolus, negociator."—Cathol. Anglic. See also Halliwell, sub. voc.Peeces, 2/7,s.pieces, in parts.Peele, 75/6,v.strip. "Peler. To bauld, or pull the haire off; also to pill, pare, barke, unrinde, unskin."—Cotgrave.Peeler, 35/51,s.an impoverisher.Peeling, 33/51,s.impoverishing.Pelfe, 55/1,s.apparatus, implements.Peneriall, 39/29,s.penny-royal.Mentha pulegium, from Lat.puleium regium, through Dutchpoley, in the old Herbals calledpuliol royal; its Latin name being derived from its supposed efficacy in destroyingfleas(pulices). See Pliny (b. xx. cap. 54).Penie, 2/13,s.penny, money.Penurie, 9/6,s.destitution, want.Perareplums, 34/18,s. pl.some variety of plum either lost or unknown (if not a misprint).Perceley, 39/28,s.parsley. A.S.peterselige. Lat.petroselinum.Percer, 17/6,s.a piercer, gimlet.Perie, 18/48,s.perry.Perle, 96/28,s.pearl, jewel, ornament.Perseneps, 41/8,s. pl.parsnips. Spelt in the old herbalsPasnepandPastnip, from Lat.pastinaca.Pester, 48/14,v.overcrowd with stock, abbreviated from O. Fr.empestrer= to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, from Fr.pasturon, L. Lat.pastorium, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures.Pestring, 53/11,v.being in the way or troublesome. "Empestrer, to pester, intricate, intangle, trouble, incomber."—Cotgrave.Petigree, 114/11,s.pedigree, genealogy.Pewter, 85/11,s.pewter vessels.Philip and Jacob, 51/1. The feast of Saints Philip and James, 1st May.Phraies, 114/8,s.phrase, language.Pickle, 56/17,s.condition, state.Piddling, 63/48,v."going about pretending to work but doing little or nothing, as after illness a man is said to gopiddlingabout, though as yet unable to do much."—Halliwell.Pie, 53/3,s.magpie.Piggen, 16/14,s.pigeons.Pike, 17/15,s.a pitching fork with two or three prongs for cocking corn not put into sheaves.Pilch, 15/39,v. pr. t.pilfer. See alsoFilchers.Pilcrowe, page 2,s.the mark ¶. "Pylcrafte in a booke,asteriskus."—Prompt. Parv.Pilferie, 9/4,s.theft, fraud. O. Fr.pelfrer, to plunder.Pinched, 10/30,pp.in straitened circumstances, in need or want.Pinching, 9/6,adj.extreme, pressing.Pinching, 97/3,s.economy.Pinwood, 17/20,s.pegwood,i.e.wood that does not split, for making wooden pins or pegs of.Pionées, 45/16,s.pl. The peony.Pæonia corallina. The seeds of this plant were used as a spice, and also as a medicine. See note in Liber Albus, p. 351.Pismier, 111,s.ant.Pitch and pay, 114/24, pay ready money.Placing, 56/32,v.arranging, stacking.Plagards, 114/6,s. pl.commissions, instruments.Planked, 17/2,pp.boarded.Plantine, 44/10,s.Plantain. The Water-plantain was formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia: fromplanta, sole of the foot, from the shape of the leaf.Plash, 36/15,v. imp.lower and narrow a broad-spread hedge by partially cutting off the branches and entwining them with those left behind. "Plesser, to plash, fould, to bow, or plait young branches one within another; also to thicken a hedge, or cover a walke, by plashing."—Cotgrave. In 36/15 it means topleachdown a hedge over the burrow, so as to protect it.Pleasure, 7/6,v.to please.Plight, 16/34,s.condition.Plot, 9/7,s.piece of ground, farm.Plot, 12/1,s.plan, rule.Plough Monday, 90/2. The Monday next after Twelfth Day. See noteE452.Ploughstaff, 17/11,s.an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or clearing it of weeds, stalks, etc.Plowmeat, 47/12,s.food made of corn.Plowwrite, 58/5,s.plough wright.Plump, 19/41,v. imp.throw in.Pod, 17/6,s."a box or old leather bottle nailed to the side of the cart to hold necessary implements, or perhaps grease."—Mavor. Cf.Ped.Poke, 16/3,s.a bag, sack, "buy a pig in a poke" = to buy without seeing what one is buying.Poling, 35/45,s.supporting with poles.Pollard, 19/16,s.a mixture of bran and meal.Pollenger, 35/13,s.pollard trees, brushwood.Pompions, 41/7,s. pl.pumpkins. Fr.pompon.Poppie, 45/17,s.poppy. A.S.papig.Poret, 39/31,s.a scallion; a leek or small onion. O. Fr.porette. Lat.porrum; calledPorrectesin the Forme of Cury, p. 41.Porkling, 19/34,s.young swine. Cf.Bulchin, q.v.Posie, 97/1,s.a poetical inscription. Udal writes itpoisee. "There was a superscription orpoiseewritten on the toppe of the crosse."—St. Luke, c. 23.Pot, 15/43,s.the pot for cooking purposes.Pottage, 76/2,s.pottage, soup. Fr.potage.Pottle, 21/12,s.a pottle, a measure of two quarts.Pouch, 62/16,s.pocket, purse. A.S.pocca.Poucheth, 35/46,v. pr. t.pockets.Pound, 114/21,v.fight, beat.*Powlinges, 66,s. pl.the branches or shoots of pollard trees. Still calledPollengers.Practise, 73/13,s.practice, experience.Practisie, 9/5,s.conduct, practices.Praies, 114/18,s.praise.Prating, 64/27,s.talking, chattering.Pray, 114/25,s.prey, booty, plunder.Preferment, 10/57,s.advancement, assistance.Prentise, 92/4,s.apprenticeship, business.Prentiships, 60,s. pl.periods of seven years, that being the duration of an apprenticeship, or 'prenticeship.Prest, 56/43,adj.ready.Prest, 63/7,adj.neat, tidy. Tusser Redivivus says, "An old word for Neat or Tight; I suppose comes from women beingstrait-laced." Ital.presto. O. Fr.prest, Fr.prêt.Prest, 49/8,pp.pressed. Fr.presser.Pretie, 86/7,adj.pretty, dainty. A.S.prætig.Preuenting, 10/62,pr. p.anticipating. Lat.prevenire, to go before.Price, 114/16,s.renown, high estimation. Lat.pretium.Pricketh, 77/22,v. pr. t.makes proud or puffs up.Pricking, 67/16,v.embroidering, doing fancy work.Pride, 19/12,s.excessive richness. "The ground having hisprideabated in the first crop"—G. Markham.Prie, 35/15,s.privet.Prim, 15/42,s.another name for the "privet;" called also "primwort."Prime, 14/3,s.the time of the new moon, as change is the time of the full moon.Prime grass, 35/18,s.earliest grass. Seefootnote 10, p. 84.Priuie, 10/12,adj.aware, acquainted.Priuie, 15/42,s.privet.Ligustrum vulgare.Procureth, 64/3,v. pr. t.contrives, brings about.Promooters, 64/11,s. pl.informers.Prooue, 46/1,v. imp.try, have some experience of.*Prouision, 4, foresight. Lat.providere.*Pullein, 37,Pullen, 87/5,s. pl.poultry, fowls. "Pullayne, poullane,poullaille."—Palsgrave. See alsoPulter.Pullet, 63/16,s.chicken.Pulter, 21/9,s.fowl keeper or breeder. "Poullailler, m.a poulter or keeper of pullaine."—Cotgrave.Pultrie, 21/9,s.poultry.Purkey Wheat, 19/17, maize.Purloiners, 10/54,s. pl.thieves, pilferers. Spelt "proloiners" in edit. of 1577.Purse penniles, 10/28,adj.a purse without a penny, empty pursed.Purslane, 40/10,s.water purslane.Portulaca domestica.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633. Fromporcellus, a little pig; the plant being a favourite food of swine.Put to, 10/30,v.place.Puttocks, 38/33,s. pl.kites, hawks. "Puttok, bryd,milvus."—Prompt. Parv. In 99/3 the meaning is, voracious fellows.Q.Quaile, 15/34,v.fail.Quaile, 91/6,s.be shaken.Quamier, 33/56,s.quagmire, bog. O. Eng. quavemire.Queenes gilleflowers, 43/27,s.the Dame's Violet, also called Rogue's or Winter gilliflower.Hesperis matronalis, L.Queere, 114/6,s.choir. "Queere,chorus."—Cath. Anglicum.Quickset, 18/33,s.quickset hedge.Quick setted, 35/45,pp.enclosed with a quickset hedge.Quieter, 63/22,adv.more easily, quietly.Quight, 115/2,adv.completely, entirely.Quite, 15/7,v. pr. t.requite, repay.R.Rabetstock, 17/20,s.a rabbet-plane, a joiner's tool for cutting rabbets.Rable, 22/17,s.crowd, number.Rage, 114/35,adj.wild, dissipated.Raise, 9/16,v.stir up.Rampions, 40/12,s.rampion,rapuntium.—Gerard's Herball.Ranke, 53/17,adj.strong, rank.Ranker, 10/6,s.ill-feeling, quarrelling.Raskabilia, 10/54,s.packs of rascals. Cf. Mid. Eng.rascaille. "Rascalye, or symple puple,plebs."—Prompt. Parv.Ratling, 19/34,s.the rattle.Rawing, 16/25,s.the aftermath of a Meadow Water.—T.R. "Raweyne,hey,fenum serotinum."—Prompt. Parv. See alsoRowen.Reame, 3/3,s.kingdom, country. O. Fr.realme, reaume.Reasnable, 10/14,adj.fair, equitable, reasonable.Reastie, 20/2,adj.rusty, rancid. "Reest as flesche,rancidus."—Prompt. Parv. "Ireast, I waxe ill of taste, as bacon."—Palsgrave. See Wedgwood, s.v. Reasty.Recken, 10/43,v.to compute, count.Redele, page 3,s.riddle. "Rydel or probleme,enigma."—Prompt. Parv. A.S.rǽdelse.Reeded, 51/5,pp.thatched with reeds.
Gasing, 99/1,pr. p.gazing, staring.
Gate, 64/17,s.walk, gait.
Gayler, 86/11,s.guardian, housekeeper.
Geanie, 2/6,adj.profitable, useful. A.S.gægn, fit, suitable. Robert de Brunne in his History of England, 3376, has, "ageinerway" = a more direct advantageous way. Scot.gane, fit, useful. Lanc.gainestway = the shortest cut.
Geld, 15/17,s.castrate, spay.
*Gentiles, 17,s. pl.gentle-folk.
Gentilie, 9/14,adv.kindly, with proper respect.
Gentils, 49/c,s. pl.gentles, maggots.
Gentlenes, 102/7,s.gentlemanly manners.
Gently, 102/7,adv.as gentlemen, in a gentlemanly manner.
Gentrie, 114/33,s.true nobility.
Gesse, 114/1,v. imp.guess, believe.
Gest, 4/2,s.a guest. A.S.gest.
Get, 9/5,v.earn.
Gettings, 9/5,s.earnings.
Giddie braine, 10/23,adj.giddy, unsteady.
Giles, 114/18,s. pl.traps, deceits.
Gillet, 50/30,s.lad. Gael,gille, giolla, a lad. Halliwell gives "an instrument for thatching" as the meaning in this passage, but why, I do not know.
Gillian spendal, 23/18, wasteful, careless housekeeper.
Giloflowers, 15/42,s. pl.carnations, pinks. Fr.giroflée, from Lat.caryophyllus, a clove, from the clove-like smell of the flowers.—Wedgwood.
Gin, 10/19,s.trap.
Ginnes, 106/22,s. pl.means, contrivances.
Ginnie, 90/5, Jenny.
Ginny, 33/38,s.a name for a filly. Mavor reads Jilly.
Gise, 97/4,s.fashion, way.
Gloues, 57/9,s. pl.gloves.
God night, 18/49. A phrase equivalent to "it is all over," "it is too late."
Goef, 55/4,s.the stack or rick.
Goeler, 46/4,adj."The Goeler is the yellower, which are the best setts, old roots (of hops) being red."—T.R. A.S.geolewe.
Gofe, 56/20,s.rick, stack. In Addit. MS. 1295, a Lat. Eng. Vocab. written in Norfolk in the 15th century, occur "Gelimo, to golue,Ingelimum, golfe." Palsgrave gives "agoulfeof corne."
Gofe ladder, 17/1,s.a ladder for hay ricks.
Gole, 115/3,s.goal, prize.
Goom, 33/59,s.gum.
Goordes, 41/5,s. pl.gourds. Lat.cucurbita.
Gossep, 94/7,s.gossips, companions.
Got, 114/16,pp.caught.
Gotten, 10/4,pp.earned, acquired.
Gould, 3/3,s.gold, money.
Goue, 57/10,pp.laid up in the barn in the straw. Another form ofGoaf. "Goulfeof corne, so moche as may lye betwene two postes."—Palsgrave. Dan.gulve= to lay corn sheaves on the floor, from Dan.gulv, a floor.
Gouing, 57/23,v.laying up in the barn in the straw. SeeGoue.
Graffing, 46/10,s.grafting. O. Fr.grafe, from Lat.graphium, a pencil, from the resemblance of the graft to a pointed pencil.
Grassebeefe, 12/4,s.beef of an ox fattened upon grass.
Grate, 10/29,s.prison (grating).
Greaseth, 68/2,v. pr. t.bribes, enriches.
Great, 57/8, by great = task or piece-work, in contradistinction today-work.
Greedie gainfull, 2/13,adj.greedy for gain.
Greefe, 89/8,s.trouble, worry.
Gregorie, 46/2. St. Gregory's Day, 12th March.
Grinstone, 17/8,s.grindstone.
Gromel, 45/9,s.the plant Gromwell.Lithospermum arvense, Linn.
Grosest, 19/18,adj.heaviest, thickest, Fr.gros.
Grosse, 18/18,adj.coarse.
Grossum caput, 95/1, a blockhead, stupid.
Grotes, 33/46,s. pl.money (groats). L. Ger. grot = a large piece (of money), so called because before this coin was issued by Edward III., the English had no larger silver coin than the penny.
Gruch, 57/19;Grutch, 86/2,v.grudge. O. Fr.grouchier, to grumble.
Grutching, 10/8,s.grumbling.
Guise, 89/12, *Guyse, 5,s.habit, custom.
Gunstone, 10/19,s.a ball of stone, used in heavy artillery before the introduction of iron shot.—Nares' Gloss.
Gutted, 46/4,pp.taken off from the old roots.
*Gutting, 27,v.cutting up, making ruts in.
H.
Haberden, 23/12,s."that kind of cod which is usually salted."—Nares. ? Aberdeen haddocks.
Hacking, 53/15,v.hewing down, cutting of trees.
Had I wist, 77/8, lit. "had I known:" foole had I wist = foolish and useless regrets.
*Haft, 60,v. imp."Act like a miser, be a niggard. The sentence then reads 'Be not niggardly towards God of the goods He sends you.'Haft, to grasp (an extension of the verbto have), and hence to save, be a niggard, is preserved inhafter, a miser, saver; which see in my Notes to P. Plowman, l. 197, p. 117. See nine examples of this word in Skelton, ed. Dyce, ii. 108."—Note by Rev. W. W. Skeat. The word, however, seems to bear even a stronger meaning, for Cooper, in his "Thesaurus," 1584, has "Cauilla, a mocke, a scoffe, an haftyng question, a cauill." The words "haft not to godward" thus may mean "do not grumble at, find fault with, or question the justice of what God sends you."
Haie, 63/24,s.hay. A.S.haga.
Haier, 57/51,s.cloth made of goats' hair.
Haile, 15/34,adj.sound, strong. A.S.hæl.
Hailoft, 89/6,s.hay-lofts.
Haithorne, 34/28,s.hawthorn. A.S.hagaþornfromhaga= hedge, haw. Ger.hagedorn.
Hallomas, 23/1,s.the Feast of All Saints. Hallowmas,i.e.All Saints' Day, Nov. 1, was, in Tusser's time, ten days nearer the winter solstice than now.
Hallontide, 21/1. All Saints' Day, 1st November.
Handsome, 48/18,adj.useful, ready,handy. A.S.hand, hond, the hand. Prompt. Parv. gives "handsum,manualis."
Handsomly, 21/24,adv.neatly, trimly.
Hardhead, 71/4,adj.hardy, brave.
Hardlie, 10/50,adv.with difficulty.
Harlots, 74/4,s. pl.tramps, vagrants, or disreputable characters of either sex. "An harlott,balator, rusticus."—Cathol. Anglicum.
Harmes, 16/15,s.in harm's way, in danger.
Harolds Booke, 114/11,s. pl.the Books of the College of Heralds.
Hart, 19/13,s.strength, fertility.
Harted, 48/17,pp.provided with a good heart, or, as we should now say, a good bottom; strengthened.
*Harthe, 65,s.hearth.
Hartilie, 10/55,adj.hearty.
Hartstong, 45/10,s.the Heartstongue,Ceterach officinarum, so called from the shape of the frond.
Hastings, 18/32,s. pl.an early variety of peas, "soone ripe, soone rotten."—D. Rogers' Naaman.
Hauke, 56/44,s.hawking, falconry.
Haunt, 67/14,v.follow, pursue, be accustomed. O. Fr.hanter, to pursue.
Haunting, 16/31,adj.frequenting, in the habit of coming.
Hauocke, 77/3,s.havoc, waste.
Hawe, 36/13,s.the berries of the hawthorn, hips.
Hawme, 55/14,s.haulm, straw."Haulm, straw left in an esh or gratten; stubble, thatch. Sax. hælme,culmus, calamus. Icel. halmur,palea."—Bish. Kennett's MS. Ray gives "haulm or helm, stubble gathered after the corn is inned."
Hazard, 23/11,s.danger.
Heale, 19/37,v.to recover, be cured.
Healthsom, 11/8,adj.healthy, invigorating.
*Heare, 41,s.hair.
Hearesaie, 2/10,s.hearsay, report.
Hearie, 49/7,adj.hairy, full of hairs. A.S.hær.O. Icel.här, hair.
Heate, 76/2,pp.heated, hot.
Heawers, 47/8,s. pl.woodcutters. A.S.heawan, to cut.
Hed, 89/9,s.head, mind.
Hedlonds, 52/17,s. pl.headlands.
Hew, 113/1,s.colour, "changed hew" = have changed, become unfavourable.
Hew prowler, 35/25. "Hugh Prowler is our Author's name for a night-walker."—T.R.
Hid, 2/11,s.care, heed. A.S.hédan.
Hier, 23/9,s.business, duty.
Hight, 114/3,v. pt. t.was called, named. O. Eng.higt, higte. A.S.hâttefromhatan, to call, name.
Hilback, 10/40,s.cover back,i.e.clothes, extravagance in dress. Kennett, MS. Lansdowne 1033.—Halliwell. A.S.hilan, helan, to cover.
Hindring, 88/3,v.injuring, damaging.
Hir, 35/51,poss. pr.their. A.S.heor.
Hobbard de Hoy, 60/3,s.a lad approaching manhood. "Hober-de-hoy, half a man and half a boy."—Ray's Gloss.
Hogscote, 17/21,s.a pen or sty for hogs.
Holds, 33/40,v. pr. t.equals, gains equal.
Holiokes, 43/15,s. pl.hollyhocks. A.S.holihoc.
Homelie, 1/2,adj.plain, homely, unpretending.
Hone, 46/9,s."a common rubber or whetstone."—T.R.
Honie, 106/4,adj.sweet.
Horehound, 45/11,s.horehound. A.S.hara-hune, or possibly a corruption of Lat.urinaria, the plant being considered a sovereign remedy in cases of strangury and dysuria.
Horselock, 17/21,s.shackles for horses' feet.
Horseteeme, 17/10,s.team of horses.
Hostis, 10/8,s. pl.entertainers.
Housholdry, 9/11,s.furniture and articles for domestic use.
Houell, 52/8,s.barn, outhouse.
Houen, 49/4,pp.swelled. A.S.hebban, hefan(pp.hofen), to heave, raise. O. H. Ger.hevan.
Hower, 107/4,s.hour.
Howse, 57/32,v. imp.house.
Hoy, 57/13,v. imp.drag, frighten, drive away by crying, "hoy, hoy!"
Hull, 36/23,s.holly.
Huluer, 48/10,s.holly. O. Icel.hulfr.
Hurtillberies, 34/13,s. pl.the hurtle-berry or whortleberry, bilberry.
Hutch, 10/47,s.money chest or box. A.S. hwæca = chest, an unauthorised (? invented) form, due to Somner. O. Fr.houche.
I.
*Iayle, 88,s.a gaol, prison.
Ictus sapit, 2/8. Lat. Prov. See NoteE15.
Indian eie, 43/16,s.the Pink, so called from the eye-shaped marking of the corolla.
Inholder, 97/1,s.innkeeper.
Inned, 23/19,pp.saved, housed.
Intreating, 88/5,s.treatment.
Inuest, 11/8,v.surround.
Ise, 112/2,s.ice.
Isop, 42/9,s.hyssop. A name assigned in the Authorised Version of the Bible to the caper.
Ist, 5/3, is it.
Iuie, 50/6, *Iuye, 42,s.ivy. A.S.ifig.
J.
Jack, 17/20,s.a horse or wooden frame upon which wood is sawn.
Jack, 85/10,s.a drinking vessel containing half a pint according to Grose, and quarter of a pint according to Pegge, and Peacock's Gloss. of Manley and Corringham.
Jade, 17/3,s.an ill-tempered horse.
Janting, 87/3,v.driving. Cotgrave gives another form of the word in English. "lancer un cheval. To stirre a horse in the stable till hee sweat withall; or (as our) to iaunt; an old word." "Jaunt" is found in Romeo and Juliet, ii. 5, 26,"What ajaunthave I had!" and in line 53 of the same scene:
"To catch my death withjauntingup and down."
Cf. also Richard II. v. 5, 94.
Jarring, 88/3,s.quarrelling, scolding.
Jerke, 64*/9,s.stroke, blow. SeeYerke.
Jet, 114/38,v.strut about, walk proudly. Fr.jetter.
"Along the streetes as he dothjettingpasse,His outside showes him for an inward asse."—Rowland's Knave of Hearts, 1613.
Jettie, 68/1,v.walk or strut about.
Jobbing, 37/12,v.pecking. "As an ass with a galled back was feeding in a meadow, a raven pitched upon him, and their satejobbingof the sore."—L'Estrange's Esop.
John Baptist, 12/4. The feast of St. John the Baptist, 24th June.
Jornie, 57/38,v. pr. t.go on a journey, start.
Just, 57/10,adv.neatly, trimly.
K.
Karle hempe, 15/24,s.the male hemp. See Glossary of Manley and Corringham (E. D. Soc. No. VI.), by E. Peacock.
Keies, 89/3,s. pl.. keys, locks.
Kell, 57/51,s.hop-kiln.
Kerue, 114/32,v.(carve), set out, arrange.
Kest, 11/3,v. imp.cast, turn.
Kiffe, 10/30,s.kith, kindred, relations.
Kinde, 46/20,s.nature, natural way. A.S.cynd.
Kirnels, 36/13,s. pl.pips, seeds. A.S.cyrnel.
Knacker, 58/5,s.a cart, collar and harness maker, chiefly employed by farmers.
Knackes, 86/7,s. pl.knickknacks, trifles.
Knap, 85/11,v. imp.rap, knock.
Knauerie, 9/13,s.roguery, craft, deceit.
Knede, 74/5,v. imp.knead. A.S.cnedan. O. H. Ger.chnetan.
Kniueles, 98/1,adj.having no knives. "When knives were not laid for the guests, as at the present period, they would use their daggers to carve with, which were harmless as to any other purpose."—Mavor.
Knot, 22/22,s.flower-beds laid out in fanciful shapes. See Bacon's Essay Of Gardens, ed. W. A. Wright, p. 189: "As for the making ofknots, or figures, with divers coloured earths, that they may lie under the windowes of the house, on that side, which the garden stands, they be but toyes." Compare also Love's Labour's Lost, i. 1, 249: "Thy curious-knottedgarden;" and Milton's Paradise Lost, iv. 242:
"Flowers worthy of Paradise, which not nice artIn beds and curiousknots, but nature boonPour'd forth profuse."
And Shakspere, Richard II. iii. 4, 46.
Knotted, 42/13,adj.jointed. "Theknottedrush-ringes, and gilte Rosemaree."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. November.
L.
Lackey, 87/3, servant, messenger.
Lag, 20/15,v. pr. t.pilfer, steal.
Lagged, 36/25,pp.caught.
Laggoose, 85/4,s.laggard, lazy.
Laie, 4/1, 9/32,v.plan, intend, purpose.
Laie, 35/46,Lay, 35/48,s.untilled land, grass land, lea.
Laier, 63/4,s.soil, ground.
Laier, 20/27,s.beds, litter.
Lammas, 50/36,s.Lammas Day, the 1st August. A.S.hlâfmaesse. O. Eng.loafmas, the bread-feast or feast of first fruits.
Lamming, 35/21,s.lambing.
Lams, 51/1,s.lambs.
Langdebiefe, 39/16,s.Wild bugloss. See Mr. Britten's note,E205.
Larkes foot, 43/18,s.Larkspur, or Larksclaw.Delphinium, Linn.
Lash, 63/20,s.dirt, mud; leaue in the lash = leave in the lurch, or, perhaps, in the snare, trap. See next word.
Lash, 10/15,s.the leash in which an animal is caught or held, hence "to run in the lash" = to fall into the snare.
Lasheth, 23/18,v. pr. t.lavisheth, wastes.
Lashinglie, 9/6,adv.lavishly, freely.
Lash out, 9/6,v.lavish, spend.
Laster, 85/10,s.is no laster = will not or does not last, i.e. is soon broken.
Launders, 83/2,s. pl.washers, laundresses.
Lauender cotten, 42/12,s.the Garden cypres,Chamæcyparissus.—Lyte's Dodoens, ed. 1578, p. 29.
Lauender spike, 42/11,s.spike lavender,Lavandula spica, from M. Lat.lavendula, fromlavare= to wash, as being the plant used to scent newly-washed linen, whence the expression of "laid up in lavender." The essential oil distilled from this plant, which is nearly allied to the common Lavender, is called in French Essence d'Aspic, and in English Oil of Spike. It is used in porcelain painting and in veterinary medicine. See Pharmacographia, p. 430.
Lawe, 56/2,s.rule, for a lawe = as a rule.
Laxe, 19/41,s.looseness, diarrhœa. SeeCowlaske.
Lay, 10/60,v. pr. t.plan, try.
Lay land, 33/49,s.untilled lands. "Lay lande,terre nouvellement labourée."—Palsgrave.
Lead, 56/14,s.a cauldron, copper, or kettle. Gaelicluchd= a pot, kettle. "That stemede as a forneys of aleede."—Chaucer, Prologue to C. T. l. 202. "Make þe broys in þeled."—Havelok, ed. Skeat, 924.
Lease, 33/49,s.a pasture. "A lease is a name used in some countries for a small piece of ground of two or three acres."—T.R. O.E.leswen, to pasture, from A.S.læsu, a pasture,lǽswian, to pasture.
Leaueled, 46/7,pp.levelled, measured.
Leauens, 89/10,s. pl.the barm and meal laid together for fermentation:to lay the leavens or leavance= to put them together for that purpose. See Halliwell, s.v. Leavance.
Leese, 56/47,v. imp.lose, miss.
Leete, 86/10,s.a manor court.
Lemmans, 40/2a,s. pl.lemons. Arabiclaimûn.
Lent stuffe, 63/36,s.provisions for Lent.
Lesse, 2/8,s.lease, term. Fr.lais, laissement, the lease or instrument by which a holding of any kind is let (laissé) to a tenant.
Let, 57/50,s.hindrance, obstacle.
Letted, 23/2,pp.hindered, delayed.
Lettis, 39/18,s.lettuce. Lat.lectuca, from Greek γαλὰ [Greek: gala] gen. γάλακτος [Greek: galaktos], milk, and ἔχω [Greek: echo], to contain, throughlattouce, an older form (still retained in Scotland).
"Letuce of lac derivyed is perchaunce;Ffor mvlk it hath or yeveth abundaunce."—Palladius on Husbondrie, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Lodge, 51/216.
Leuer, 50/9,adv.sooner, rather. A.S.leofer.
Lick, 23/6,v.lick themselves.
Licoras, 45/13,s.liquoras.
Licour, 22/23,s.water, drink.
Lide, 114/3,v. pt. t.lay, was situate.
Lie in the dust, 10/32, cease, be done away with.
Lieng alonge, 19/25, lying at a distance.
Linage, 114/3,s.lineage, family.
Lightly, 46/20,adv.easily.
Likest, 35/34,adj.most likely, promising.
Lillium cum-vallium, 43/20,s.Lily of the valley, or Lily-convally. Lat.Lilium convallium, a name taken from Canticles ii. 1, "I am the lily of the valleys."
Line, 17/5,s.rope (?).
Ling, 57/36,s.a fish (Lota molva) resembling a cod, but longer and more slender. When salted, it is extensively used for food in Scotland and Ireland. Fr.lingue, O. Dutch,linghe.
Linne, 97/3,s.the town of Lynn. "To purchase Lynn" seems to have been a proverbial mode of expression used in ridicule of stinginess.—Mavor.
Linnen, 94/13,s.linen.
Litherly, 85/8,adj.lazy, idle.
Lively spide, 3/2, quickly seen.
Liuerwort, 39/20,s.so called from thelivershape of the thallus. Lyte (Dodoens, ed. 1587, p. 411) tells us it is "a sovereign medicine against the heate and inflammation of the liver."
Loiterers, 2/6,s. pl.hangers on, dependents.
*Lone, 10,s. pl.a loan, grant from God.
Longing, 16/10,s.desire, what it requires.
Longwort, 39/19,s.lungwort,Pulmonaria maculosa.
Looke, 5/1, 10/4,v.look for, seek, expect.
Loose, 57/22,v. pr. t.lose, waste.
Lop, 33/13,s.the faggot wood of a tree.
Lordlie, 113/3,adv.to live in a lordly or grand style.
Losels, 63/12,s. pl.worthless, abandoned fellows. Prompt. Parv. has "Lorel or losel, or ludene,lurco."
Louage, 45/12,s.Lovage.Ligusticum Scoticum, Linn.
Lowe, 23/24,adj.not advanced, if Spring is taken to mean theseason; or, not grown up, if Spring is theyoung grass.
Lowe, 63/11,adv.low, feeding so lowe = to allow the flocks to eat the pasture too low or short.
Lower, 20/17,v.scowl, look discontented.
Lubberlie, 9/16,adj.lazy, idle. "Thither this luskinglubbersoftly creeped."Tom Tel Troth's Message, New Shak. Soc. ed. F. J. Furnivall, p. 128. "Baligaut, m.an vnweldielubber, great lobcocke, huge luske, mishapen lowt, ill-fauoured flabergullion."—Cotgrave.
Lubbers, 57/22,s. pl.louts, awkward fellows. Welshllob= a heavy lump,llabi= a looby. Gaelicleobhair= a lubber.—Wedgwood.
Lug, 87/4,v.drag, draw.
Lurched, 23/3,pp.robbed of their food, being left in thelurch.
Lurching, 88/7,s.greediness. L. Lat.lurcare, to swallow food greedily. "Tolurch, devour, or eate greadily,ingurgito."—Baret's Alvearie. Cf. Bacon's Essays, xlv.
Lurke, 86/1,v.idle, loiter about.
Lurketh, 62/9,v. pr. t.lounge, dawdle about. The same as Lusk. Harman, p. 82, speaks of "lewtering luskes and lazy lorrels."
Lust, 15/10,s.desire.
Lustie, 60/5,adj.strong, lusty.
M.
Mads, 50/4,s. pl.maggots, worms. Another form ofmoth.
Magget the py, 49/9, the magpie. See noteE300.
Maides, 90/3,s. pl.maidens, girls.
Maierom, 42/13,s.marjoram, from Lat.majorana, with the change ofntom, as in "Holm, Lime," etc.
Maine, 19/17,adj. = meint, i.e.mixedwheat. SeeMungormuncornin Halliwell.
Mainecombe, 17/3,s.a comb for horses' manes.
Maine sea, 14/4, the ocean, the high sea. Cf. the expression "the Spanish main."
Male, 102/4,s.mail-bag, portmanteau, or sack.
Mallow, 33/6,s.the field mallow.
Mams, 95/5,s. pl.mothers, mammas.
Manerly, 85/11,adj.polite, decent.
Mar, 95/2,v.spoil, ruin.
*Marefoles, 53,s. pl.fillies.
Marke, 17/17,s.marking tool.
Marres, 20/14,v. pr. t.spoils, interrupts.
Marrow, 57/40,s.a mate, companion. "Marwe, or felawe yn trauayle or mate,socius, compar, sodalis."—Prompt. Parv. See Towneley Mysteries, p. 110, and quotations in Craven Glossary and Jamieson.
Marsh men, 17/19,s. pl.farmers in the fen and marshy country.
Martilmas, 12/3. The feast of St. Martin, 11th November. See NoteE60.
Mast, 63/5,s.the fruit of the oak and beech and other forest trees. A.S.mǽst. Ger.mast, from Gothicmatan, to nourish.
Mastlin, 63/23,s.mixed corn. SeeMestlen.
Mates, 114/30,s. pl.companions.
Mawdlin, 49/c,s.Magdalene.
Mawdelin, 42/14,s.Maudlin.Balsamita fæminea.—Gerard's Herball.
Meade, 63/3,s.meadow. A.S.mǽd, meadu, genitive,meadewes.
Meake, 17/14,s."a hook at the end of a handle five foot long."—T.R. "Ameagormeak, a pease-hook."—Ray. Also in Coles' Dict. 1676.
Meane, 114/25, means, help.
Meanie, 2/6,adj.many.
Measling, 16/23, becoming measly. "Masylormazil, sekenesse."—Prompt. Parv.
Measure, 68/9,v.be moderate, be within measure.
Meated, 17/12,pp.fed.
Meateth, 62/7,v. pr. t.feeds, supports.
Medcin, 33/19,s.medicine.
Meedeful, 87/7,adj.thankful.
Meedes, 106/4,s. pl.meadows. SeeMeade.
Mendbreech, 89/6,s.one who sits up late at night to mend his clothes.
Mercurie, 39/22,s.Mercury, or Good King Henry, is largely grown bycottagers in Lincolnshire. This plant, theChenopodium bonus henricusof botanists, bears tender young leaves resembling spinach, which, when cooked, are but little inferior in flavour to the finest asparagus. It is a robust-growing perennial, and, when once planted in deep, rich soil, requires no further cultural attention than a dressing of well-decomposed manure during the winter.
Mestlen, 37/21,s.a mixture of wheat and rye. "Mastilȝone,bigermen, mixtilio."—Cath. Ang. "Framois, meslin of oats and barlie mixed." "Meteil, messling or misslin, wheat and rie mingled."—Cotgrave.
Mew, 36/26,s.a cage for moulting.
Michel, 33/32,Mihel, 57/25,Mihell, 12/4,s.Michaelmas. The feast of St. Michael and All Angels, 29th September.
Michers, 10/15,s. pl.lurking thieves, skulkers. "Mecher, a lytell thefe,laronceau."—Palsgrave. Now common as a term for a truant. Cf. Shak. I Henry IV. ii. 4: "Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove amicherand eat blackberries."
Mickle, 68/1,adj.great, much.
Mier, 107/4,s.mire, filth. A.S.myre.
*Mier, 38,Mierie, 114/27,adj.filthy, muddy.
Mihelmas, 57/44, Michaelmas.
*Millons, 72/c, s. pl.melons. SeeMusk Million.
Mind, 68/5,v.notice, comment on.
Mind, 63/1,v. pr. t.intend, have in mind, wish.
Minion, 66/4,adj.pleasant, agreeable, favourite. Fr.mignon. L. Lat.mignonetus, gratissimus, minna,love.
Minnekin, 10/20,adj.little, perhaps with the idea of the modern contracted form "minx."
Miring, 23/3,v.being stuck in bogs.
Mis, 16/8,v.want, be without.
Mischiefe, 23/4,v.hurt, injure.
Mischieued, 10/36,adj.unfortunate, ruined.
Misdeeme, 30/3,v.misjudge. A.S.deman, to judge.
Mislike, 23/16,v.displease, not suit.
Mistle, 33/12,s.mistletoe. A.S.mistel. O. H. Ger.mistil.
Mitch, 17/17,adj.large.
Mite, 63/20,s.the smallest piece. A.Smite.
Mo, 33/57,adj.more, others. A.S.mâ.
Moether, 17/13, Mother, 16/14,s.a girl. A woman and her mawther = a woman and her daughter. "Moder, servaunte or wench."—Prompt. Parv.
Mogwort, 45/15,s.mugwort,Artemisia vulgaris, Linn.
Moile, 4/1,v.to work hard, drudge. Lat.moliri, to struggle. "In the earth wemoilewith hunger, care and paine."—Mirror for Magist. ed. 1610.
Molding, 55/4,v.becoming musty, or mouldy.
Mome, 62/3,s.blockhead, fool. "A gull, a ninny, amome."—Florio, p. 81. "A youth will play the wanton, and an olde man proove amome."—Drayton, Skeltoniad.
Mone, 67/1,s.complaint, lamentation.
Mooueth, 94/7,v. pr. t.moves or exerts herself, plans.
Mother, 16/14,s.a girl. SeeMoether.
Moulspare, 17/18,s.mole spear.
Mow, 17/19,s.stack of hay or corn. A.S.muwa. L. Lat.mugium.
Mowles, 36/17,s. pl.moles.
Mowse, 38/3,v. pr. t.mouth, bite.
Mowth, 57/25,v.eat.
Muck, 51/13,s.manure.
Mulley, 57/46, a common name for a cow in Suffolk.
Mungrels, 46/3,s. pl.cur dogs, mongrels. A.S.menegan, to mix, hence an animal of a mixed breed, a hybrid.
Musk Million, 40/8,s.the musk melon. "Pickled cowcombers I have bought a pecke for threepence, andmusk mellions, there hath beene cast five or sixe loads of them in one day to their hogs."—Taylor's Works, 1630. See Lyte's Dodoens, p. 590.
Myslen, 16/11,s.mixed corn. Mestlyone or monge corne or dragge.—Prompt. Parv. SeeDredgeandMestlen.
N.
Nads, 17/9,s.an adze.
Naile, 17/8,s.nails.
Nall, 17/4,s.an awl.
Naughtie, 53/20,adj.useless, unfit.
Naughtly, 10/4,adv.by unfair or improper means.
Nauewes, 41/6,s. pl.wild navew.Brassica napus, L. Fr.naveau, fromnapellus, dimin. ofnapus= the rape.
*Nawlt, 32, ?nawt, nothing.
Neat, 50/28,s.cattle. A.S.neât, horned cattle.
Neatherd, 63/2,s.herdsman, the man who attends to the cattle.
Needams shore, 97/5. "A punning proverb recorded in Ray; and signifying that waste and extravagance bring a man to want or need."—Mavor.
Needfullie, 9/15,adv.necessarily.
Ne forte, 23/10, Latin, lest by chance.
Nep, 39/24,s.cat mint, a contraction from the Lat.nepeta.
Nest, 11/6,v.nestle, settle.
*Nestling, 41,v.harbouring, supporting.
Nettie, 68/1,adj.natty, neat. O. Fr.net, from Lat.nitidus.
Nice, 102/1,adj.careful, particular.
Nick, 98/4,v.cut, notch.
Nie, 16/4,adj.near, convenient.
Nips, 114/5,s. pl.pinches.
Niggerly, 27/4,adj.niggardly, miserly. Icel.hnöggr, sparing, miserly. Cf. Ger.knicker, a niggard.
Nittes, 21/23,s. pl.the eggs of a louse or other insects. A.S.hnitu.
Noble, 16/16,s.noble, a gold coin of the value of 6s.8d.
Noddies, 18/20,Nodie, 98/4,s. pl.simpletons, fools.
"Ere you come hither, proove I was somebody,The king delighted in me, now I am anoddy."—Damon and Pythias, i. 174.
Noe, 7/4,s.Noah.
Noiance, 16/8,s.injury, trouble.
Noie, 52/15,v. pr. t.are injurious, noxious.
Noieth, 57/13,v. pr. t.suffer harm or injury.
Noisome, 10/8,adj.injurious, damaging.
Norfolk wiles, 114/18, "Essex miles, Suffolk stiles, Norfolk wiles, many men beguiles."—Old East Anglian saw. See noteE500.
Nowles, 36/17,s. pl.the hillocks, little mounds. A. S. cnoll,cacumen. "Nolle,idem quodnodul."—Prompt. Parv.
Noy, 53/15,v.hurt, are injurious. See Noie.
Noyer, 13/2,s.one that hurts or injures.
Nurteth, 20/28,v. pr. t.poke or push with the horns.? connected with Fr.nuire, Lat.nocere. Halliwell quotes from Gawaynenirt= a cut, hurt.
Nurture, 10/57,s.training.
O.
Of, 106/12,prep.through, in consequence of.
Of, 106/2,prep.out of, from.
Of, 19/22,prep.after.
Of, 64*/4,prep.with, by means of.
Ofcorne, 86/5,s.offal or waste corn.
Office, 99/2,s.duty. Lat.officium.
Oke, 19/31,s.oaks. A.S.Æc.
Ope gap, 16/36, hedge or fence breakers.
Open, 16/38,v.bark, open his mouth.
Opprest, 19/29,pp.troubled, laden.
Opte, 114/22,v. pt. t.opened.
*Or and, 18, before. Cf. Er an.
Orach or Arach, 39/26,s.Orach.Atriplex sativa alba. Atriplex sativa purpurea.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.
Orderlie, 9/8,adv.in due order.
Orengis, 40/4a, s. pl.oranges. Arabic,nârandj. L. Lat.arantia, from its first title,pomum aurantium, golden apple.
Otemell, 46/26,s.oatmeal. A.S.âta, oat, andmæl, meal.
Otes, 46/13,s. pl.oats.
Othing, 94/6, one thing.
Out, 16/17,adv.outdoor, open air.
Ouercome, 53/4,v.manage, keep up with.
Ouerly, 23/21,adv.all over.
Over reaching, 2/11, cheating, deceiving.
Ouerthwart, 46/9,prep.across. A.S.oferþweorh. O. Eng.outhwar, thweorh. O. Norse,thwert.
Ox bowes, 17/10,s. pl.the bow of wood which goes round the neck of an ox.
Oxboy, 63/15,s.the boy who attends to the cattle.
Oxteeme, 17/10,s.team of oxen.
Oxyokes, 17/10,s. pl.yokes for oxen.
P.
Pad, 17/21,s.padlock.
Paggles, 43/25,s. pl.cowslip, primrose,paigles. In Suffolk theCuckoo flower. See noteE232.
Paier, 17/13,s.pair, couple.
Paine, 3/1,s.pains, trouble.
Painfull, 77/15,adj.painstaking, careful.
Painfull, 2/13,adj.full of trouble, requiring care.
Painted, 5/3,pp.adorned; thesermo ornatusof Cicero.
Paltrie, 57/30,adj.poor, worthless.
Panel, 17/5,s.a pannier. Apannelandpedhave this difference: the one is much shorter than the other, and raised before and behind, and serves for smaller burdens; the other is longer and made for Burdens of Corn. These are fastened with a leathern Girt called a Wantye.—T.R.
Parasites, 10/27,s. pl.flatterers, hangers on.
Pare, 2/7,v.injure, damage, impair.
Pared, 46/4,pp.cleaned and cleared of all superfluous roots.
Partition, page 2,s.division.
Pas, 48/6,v. pr. t.care. "As for these silken-coated staves, Ipassnot."—Shakspere, 2 Henry VI. iv. 2.
Pask, 46/2,s.Easter. Lat.Pascha.
Passeth, 102/3,v. pr. t.think, reflect. SeePas.
Pasties, 90/7,s. pl.pies.
Patch, 51/32,s.originally a fool, jester, here = the farm labourer. Ital.pazzo, which Florio ("New Worlde of Wordes") defines as "foolish, fond, mad, rash, doting, rauing or simple. Also a foole, a gull, an idiot, a mad man, a naturall." By some, however, it is derived from thepatchedor motley coat of the jester.
Patches, 53/2,s. pl.places where the shearer has cut the skin of the sheep, wounds.
Pates, 63/9,s. pl.persons.
Pauncies, 43/24,s.pansies, heartsease. "There'spansies, that's for thoughts."—Shakspere, Hamlet, iv. 5.
Pay, 77/11,v.pay home = give a strong, sharp blow.
Peake, 67/27,v.to look thin or sickly, "Dwindle,peakand pine."—Shakspere, Macbeth, i. 3.
Pearch, 87/5,v.perch, roost.
Peasebolt, 18/38,s."pease in the Hawm or Straw."—T.R.
Peaseetch, 19/5,s.the aftermath of a crop of peas. SeeEtch.
Peasefed, 18/27,adj.fed on peas.
Peason, 53/9,s. pl.pease.
"Prickpeasonand beanes, if thy garden be dry,At change of the moone, and in beautiful skye."—Almanack, 1615.
Peccantem, 35/28. See noteE178.
Peck, 17/12,s.a peck measure.
Ped, 17/5,s.a pannier, a large capacious basket, in which fowls, eggs, fish, etc., are hawked about the country. Peder, a small farmer (Lincoln), "Pedde, idem quod panere,calathus."—Prompt. Parv. "Pedder,revolus, negociator."—Cathol. Anglic. See also Halliwell, sub. voc.
Peeces, 2/7,s.pieces, in parts.
Peele, 75/6,v.strip. "Peler. To bauld, or pull the haire off; also to pill, pare, barke, unrinde, unskin."—Cotgrave.
Peeler, 35/51,s.an impoverisher.
Peeling, 33/51,s.impoverishing.
Pelfe, 55/1,s.apparatus, implements.
Peneriall, 39/29,s.penny-royal.Mentha pulegium, from Lat.puleium regium, through Dutchpoley, in the old Herbals calledpuliol royal; its Latin name being derived from its supposed efficacy in destroyingfleas(pulices). See Pliny (b. xx. cap. 54).
Penie, 2/13,s.penny, money.
Penurie, 9/6,s.destitution, want.
Perareplums, 34/18,s. pl.some variety of plum either lost or unknown (if not a misprint).
Perceley, 39/28,s.parsley. A.S.peterselige. Lat.petroselinum.
Percer, 17/6,s.a piercer, gimlet.
Perie, 18/48,s.perry.
Perle, 96/28,s.pearl, jewel, ornament.
Perseneps, 41/8,s. pl.parsnips. Spelt in the old herbalsPasnepandPastnip, from Lat.pastinaca.
Pester, 48/14,v.overcrowd with stock, abbreviated from O. Fr.empestrer= to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, from Fr.pasturon, L. Lat.pastorium, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures.
Pestring, 53/11,v.being in the way or troublesome. "Empestrer, to pester, intricate, intangle, trouble, incomber."—Cotgrave.
Petigree, 114/11,s.pedigree, genealogy.
Pewter, 85/11,s.pewter vessels.
Philip and Jacob, 51/1. The feast of Saints Philip and James, 1st May.
Phraies, 114/8,s.phrase, language.
Pickle, 56/17,s.condition, state.
Piddling, 63/48,v."going about pretending to work but doing little or nothing, as after illness a man is said to gopiddlingabout, though as yet unable to do much."—Halliwell.
Pie, 53/3,s.magpie.
Piggen, 16/14,s.pigeons.
Pike, 17/15,s.a pitching fork with two or three prongs for cocking corn not put into sheaves.
Pilch, 15/39,v. pr. t.pilfer. See alsoFilchers.
Pilcrowe, page 2,s.the mark ¶. "Pylcrafte in a booke,asteriskus."—Prompt. Parv.
Pilferie, 9/4,s.theft, fraud. O. Fr.pelfrer, to plunder.
Pinched, 10/30,pp.in straitened circumstances, in need or want.
Pinching, 9/6,adj.extreme, pressing.
Pinching, 97/3,s.economy.
Pinwood, 17/20,s.pegwood,i.e.wood that does not split, for making wooden pins or pegs of.
Pionées, 45/16,s.pl. The peony.Pæonia corallina. The seeds of this plant were used as a spice, and also as a medicine. See note in Liber Albus, p. 351.
Pismier, 111,s.ant.
Pitch and pay, 114/24, pay ready money.
Placing, 56/32,v.arranging, stacking.
Plagards, 114/6,s. pl.commissions, instruments.
Planked, 17/2,pp.boarded.
Plantine, 44/10,s.Plantain. The Water-plantain was formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia: fromplanta, sole of the foot, from the shape of the leaf.
Plash, 36/15,v. imp.lower and narrow a broad-spread hedge by partially cutting off the branches and entwining them with those left behind. "Plesser, to plash, fould, to bow, or plait young branches one within another; also to thicken a hedge, or cover a walke, by plashing."—Cotgrave. In 36/15 it means topleachdown a hedge over the burrow, so as to protect it.
Pleasure, 7/6,v.to please.
Plight, 16/34,s.condition.
Plot, 9/7,s.piece of ground, farm.
Plot, 12/1,s.plan, rule.
Plough Monday, 90/2. The Monday next after Twelfth Day. See noteE452.
Ploughstaff, 17/11,s.an instrument like a paddle for cleaning a plough, or clearing it of weeds, stalks, etc.
Plowmeat, 47/12,s.food made of corn.
Plowwrite, 58/5,s.plough wright.
Plump, 19/41,v. imp.throw in.
Pod, 17/6,s."a box or old leather bottle nailed to the side of the cart to hold necessary implements, or perhaps grease."—Mavor. Cf.Ped.
Poke, 16/3,s.a bag, sack, "buy a pig in a poke" = to buy without seeing what one is buying.
Poling, 35/45,s.supporting with poles.
Pollard, 19/16,s.a mixture of bran and meal.
Pollenger, 35/13,s.pollard trees, brushwood.
Pompions, 41/7,s. pl.pumpkins. Fr.pompon.
Poppie, 45/17,s.poppy. A.S.papig.
Poret, 39/31,s.a scallion; a leek or small onion. O. Fr.porette. Lat.porrum; calledPorrectesin the Forme of Cury, p. 41.
Porkling, 19/34,s.young swine. Cf.Bulchin, q.v.
Posie, 97/1,s.a poetical inscription. Udal writes itpoisee. "There was a superscription orpoiseewritten on the toppe of the crosse."—St. Luke, c. 23.
Pot, 15/43,s.the pot for cooking purposes.
Pottage, 76/2,s.pottage, soup. Fr.potage.
Pottle, 21/12,s.a pottle, a measure of two quarts.
Pouch, 62/16,s.pocket, purse. A.S.pocca.
Poucheth, 35/46,v. pr. t.pockets.
Pound, 114/21,v.fight, beat.
*Powlinges, 66,s. pl.the branches or shoots of pollard trees. Still calledPollengers.
Practise, 73/13,s.practice, experience.
Practisie, 9/5,s.conduct, practices.
Praies, 114/18,s.praise.
Prating, 64/27,s.talking, chattering.
Pray, 114/25,s.prey, booty, plunder.
Preferment, 10/57,s.advancement, assistance.
Prentise, 92/4,s.apprenticeship, business.
Prentiships, 60,s. pl.periods of seven years, that being the duration of an apprenticeship, or 'prenticeship.
Prest, 56/43,adj.ready.
Prest, 63/7,adj.neat, tidy. Tusser Redivivus says, "An old word for Neat or Tight; I suppose comes from women beingstrait-laced." Ital.presto. O. Fr.prest, Fr.prêt.
Prest, 49/8,pp.pressed. Fr.presser.
Pretie, 86/7,adj.pretty, dainty. A.S.prætig.
Preuenting, 10/62,pr. p.anticipating. Lat.prevenire, to go before.
Price, 114/16,s.renown, high estimation. Lat.pretium.
Pricketh, 77/22,v. pr. t.makes proud or puffs up.
Pricking, 67/16,v.embroidering, doing fancy work.
Pride, 19/12,s.excessive richness. "The ground having hisprideabated in the first crop"—G. Markham.
Prie, 35/15,s.privet.
Prim, 15/42,s.another name for the "privet;" called also "primwort."
Prime, 14/3,s.the time of the new moon, as change is the time of the full moon.
Prime grass, 35/18,s.earliest grass. Seefootnote 10, p. 84.
Priuie, 10/12,adj.aware, acquainted.
Priuie, 15/42,s.privet.Ligustrum vulgare.
Procureth, 64/3,v. pr. t.contrives, brings about.
Promooters, 64/11,s. pl.informers.
Prooue, 46/1,v. imp.try, have some experience of.
*Prouision, 4, foresight. Lat.providere.
*Pullein, 37,Pullen, 87/5,s. pl.poultry, fowls. "Pullayne, poullane,poullaille."—Palsgrave. See alsoPulter.
Pullet, 63/16,s.chicken.
Pulter, 21/9,s.fowl keeper or breeder. "Poullailler, m.a poulter or keeper of pullaine."—Cotgrave.
Pultrie, 21/9,s.poultry.
Purkey Wheat, 19/17, maize.
Purloiners, 10/54,s. pl.thieves, pilferers. Spelt "proloiners" in edit. of 1577.
Purse penniles, 10/28,adj.a purse without a penny, empty pursed.
Purslane, 40/10,s.water purslane.Portulaca domestica.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633. Fromporcellus, a little pig; the plant being a favourite food of swine.
Put to, 10/30,v.place.
Puttocks, 38/33,s. pl.kites, hawks. "Puttok, bryd,milvus."—Prompt. Parv. In 99/3 the meaning is, voracious fellows.
Q.
Quaile, 15/34,v.fail.
Quaile, 91/6,s.be shaken.
Quamier, 33/56,s.quagmire, bog. O. Eng. quavemire.
Queenes gilleflowers, 43/27,s.the Dame's Violet, also called Rogue's or Winter gilliflower.Hesperis matronalis, L.
Queere, 114/6,s.choir. "Queere,chorus."—Cath. Anglicum.
Quickset, 18/33,s.quickset hedge.
Quick setted, 35/45,pp.enclosed with a quickset hedge.
Quieter, 63/22,adv.more easily, quietly.
Quight, 115/2,adv.completely, entirely.
Quite, 15/7,v. pr. t.requite, repay.
R.
Rabetstock, 17/20,s.a rabbet-plane, a joiner's tool for cutting rabbets.
Rable, 22/17,s.crowd, number.
Rage, 114/35,adj.wild, dissipated.
Raise, 9/16,v.stir up.
Rampions, 40/12,s.rampion,rapuntium.—Gerard's Herball.
Ranke, 53/17,adj.strong, rank.
Ranker, 10/6,s.ill-feeling, quarrelling.
Raskabilia, 10/54,s.packs of rascals. Cf. Mid. Eng.rascaille. "Rascalye, or symple puple,plebs."—Prompt. Parv.
Ratling, 19/34,s.the rattle.
Rawing, 16/25,s.the aftermath of a Meadow Water.—T.R. "Raweyne,hey,fenum serotinum."—Prompt. Parv. See alsoRowen.
Reame, 3/3,s.kingdom, country. O. Fr.realme, reaume.
Reasnable, 10/14,adj.fair, equitable, reasonable.
Reastie, 20/2,adj.rusty, rancid. "Reest as flesche,rancidus."—Prompt. Parv. "Ireast, I waxe ill of taste, as bacon."—Palsgrave. See Wedgwood, s.v. Reasty.
Recken, 10/43,v.to compute, count.
Redele, page 3,s.riddle. "Rydel or probleme,enigma."—Prompt. Parv. A.S.rǽdelse.
Reeded, 51/5,pp.thatched with reeds.