pedibus ire—to go on foot.
discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo—to leave a place.
egredi loco;[1]excedere ex loco—to leave a place.
decedere loco, de, ex loco[2]—to quit a place for ever.
ingredi, intrare urbem, introire in urbem—to enter a city.
portā ingredi, exire—to go in at, go out of a gate.
extra portam egredi—to go outside the gate.
commeare ad aliquem—to go in and out of any one's house; to visit frequently.
Romam venire, pervenire—to come to Rome.
adventus Romam, in urbem—arrival in Rome, in town.
in unum locum convenire, confluere—to collect together at one spot.
Romam concurrere(Mil. 15. 39)—to stream towards Rome.
obviam ire alicui—to meet any one.
obviam venire alicui—to go to meet some one.
obviumorobviam esse, obviam fieri—to meet some one by chance.
incidere in aliquem—to meet, come across a person; to meet casually.
offendere, nancisci aliquem—to meet, come across a person; to meet casually.
obviam alicui aliquem mittere—to send to meet a person.
[1]relinquere, e.g.domum, properly means to give up, renounce the possession or enjoyment of a place.
[2]Cf. especiallydecedere (ex, de) provincia, used regularly of a magistrate leaving his province on expiry of his term of office. Similarly, where life is compared to a province,decedere (de) vita, or merelydecedere= to quit this life, die (cf.De Sen. 20. 73).
curru vehi, in rheda(Mil. 21. 55)—to drive.
equo vehi—to ride.
sternere equum—to saddle a horse.
conscendere equum—to mount.
ascendere in equum—to mount.
descendere ex equo—to dismount.
in equo sedere; equo insidēre—to be on horseback.
(in) equo haerere—to sit a horse well; to have a good seat.
calcaria subdere equo—to put spurs to a horse.
calcaribus equum concitare—to put spurs to a horse.
equo citatooradmisso—at full gallop.
freno remisso; effusis habenis—with loose reins.
equum in aliquem concitare—ride against any one at full speed; charge a person.
habenas adducere—to tighten the reins.
habenas permittere—to slacken the reins.
admittere, permittere equum—to give a horse the reins.
frenos[1]dare equo—to give a horse the reins.
agitare equum—to make a horse prance.
moderari equum—to manage a horse.
equi consternantur—the horses are panic-stricken, run away.
equos incitatos sustinere—to bring horses to the halt when at full gallop.
[1]Cf.frenos, calcaria alicui adhibere, used metaphorically.
gradum facere—to take a step.
gradum addere(sc.gradui) (Liv. 26. 9)—to increase one's pace.
suspenso gradu—on tiptoe.
gradum sensim referre—to retreat step by step.
vestigia alicuius sequi, persequiorvestigiis aliquem sequi, persequi—to follow in any one's steps.
vestigiis alicuius insistere, ingredi(also metaph.)—to follow in any one's steps.
locoorvestigio se non movere—not to stir from one's place.
recta (regione, via); in directum—in a straight line.
in obliquum—in an oblique direction; sideways.
obliquo monte decurrere—to run obliquely down the hill.
in contrarium; in contrarias partes—in an opposite direction.
in transversum, e transverso—across; transversely.
quoquo versus; in omnes partes—in all directions.
in diversas partesor simplydiversi abeunt, discedunt—they disperse in different directions.
huc (et) illuc—hither and thither.
ultro citroque—on this side and on that; to and fro.
longe lateque, passim(e.g.fluere)—far and wide; on all sides; everywhere.
se conferre in aliquem locum—to go to a place.
petere locum—to go to a place
quo tendis?—where are you going?
sublimemorsublime(notin sublimeorsublimiter)ferri, abire—to fly aloft; to be carried into the sky.
praecipitem ire; in praeceps deferri—to fall down headlong.
in profundum deici—to fall down into the abyss.
se deicere de muro—to throw oneself from the ramparts.
deicere aliquem de saxo Tarpeio—to throw some one down the Tarpeian rock.
Nilus praecipitat[1]ex altissimis montibus—the Nile rushes down from very high mountains.
se proripere ex domo—to rush out of the house.
humi procumbere—to fall on the ground.
humi prosternere aliquem—to throw any one to the ground.
in terram cadere, decidere—to fall to the earth.
in terram demergi—to sink into the earth.
appropinquare urbi, rarelyad urbem—to draw near to a city.
propius accedere ad urbemorurbem—to advance nearer to the city.
longius progredi, procedere—to march further forward.
Romam versus proficisci—to advance in the direction of Rome.
ad Romam proficisci—to set out for Rome.
properat, maturat proficisci—he starts in all haste, precipitately.
consequi, assequi aliquem—to catch some one up.
praecurrere aliquem (celeritate)—to overtake and pass some one.
post se relinquere aliquem—to overtake and pass some one.
multitudo circumfunditur alicui—a crowd throngs around some one.
per totum corpus diffundi—to spread over the whole body.
[1]praecipitareis also transitive, e.g.praecipitare aliquem, to hurl a person down;ruerealways intransitive except in poetry.
tempus praeterit, transit—time passes.
tempus habere alicui rei—to have time for a thing.
tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum—I have no time to do something.
tempus consumere in aliqua re—to pass one's time in doing something.
tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re—to waste time on something.
tempus conferre ad aliquid—to employ one's time in...
tempus tribuere alicui rei—to devote time to anything.
tempus non amittere, perdere—to lose no time.
nullum tempus intermittere, quin(alsoab opere, orad opus)—to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing.
tempus ducere—to spend time.
aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre—to put off till another time; to postpone.
nihil mihi longius estorvidetur quam dumorquam ut—I cannot wait till...
nihil mihi longius est quam(c. Inf.)—nothing is more tiresome to me than...
tempus (spatium) deliberandiorad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere—to require, give, take time for deliberation.
paucorum dierum spatium ad deliberandum dare—to give some one a few days for reflection.
tempori servire,[1]cedere—to accommodate oneself to circumstances.
ex quo temporeor simplyex quo—since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence).
eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum—at the same moment that, precisely when.
incidunt tempora, cum—occasions arise for...
tempus (ita) fert(notsecum)—circumstances demand.
tempus maximum est, ut—it is high time that...
haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria—the present day.
his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his(notnostris)diebus—in our time; in our days.
nostra aetas multas victorias vidit—our generation has seen many victories.
memoria patrum nostrorum—in our fathers' time.
aetate (temporibus) Periclis—in the time of Pericles.
antiquis[2]temporibus—in old days, in the olden time.
libera re publica—in the time of the Republic.
tempora Caesariana—the imperial epoch.
media quae vocatur aetas—the middle ages.
Pericles summus vir illius aetatis—Pericles, the greatest man of his day.
Pericles, quo nemo tum fuit clarior—Pericles, the greatest man of his day.
Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus—Pericles, the greatest man of his day.
vir ut temporibus illis doctus—a man of considerable learning for those times.
tempore progrediente—in process of time.
primo quoque tempore—at the first opportunity.
hoc tempore—at this moment.
puncto temporis—in an instant.
momento[3]temporis—at the important moment.
in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis—just at the critical moment.
temporis causa—on the spur of the moment.
ad tempus[4]adesse—to be there at a given time.
ad exiguum tempus—for a short time.
brevisorexigui temporis—for a short time.
satis longo intervallo—after a fairly long interval.
spatio temporis intermisso—after some time.
in praesentia, in praesens (tempus)—at present; for the moment.
in posterum; in futurum—for the future.
in perpetuum—for ever.
semel atque iterum; iterum ac saepius; identidem; etiam atque etiam—more than once; repeatedly.
futura providere(notpraevidere)—to foresee the future.
futuraorcasus futuros (multo ante) prospicere—to foresee the far distant future.
futura non cogitare, curare—to take no thought for the future.
saeculi[5]consuetudoorratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum)—the spirit of the times, the fashion.
his moribus—according to the present custom, fashion.
[1]The verbservirehelps to form several phrases, e.g.servire valetudini, to be a valetudinarian;iracundiae, to be unable to restrain one's anger;brevitati, to be concise;communi utilitati, to be devoted to the public good, etc.
[2]antiquitas= the state of affairs in times gone by, not a division of time; soantiquitatis studia, archaeology;veteresorantiqui poetae, populi, the poets, people of antiquity;antiqua monumenta, the relics of antiquity.antiquitatesplur. is used for the institutions, usages of times gone by.
[3]momentum(i.e.movimentum) is properly that which sets in motion, which gives a decisive impulse to things, cf.Luc. iv. 819,momentumque fuit mutatus Curio rerum. Livy and later writers employ the word in the sense of a moment of time.
[4]ad tempusalso means (1) according to the circumstances of the case, e.g.ad tempus consilium capere, (2) for a short time, temporarily.
[5]Thespiritof a thing is usually rendered by such words asnatura, proprietas, ratio atque voluntas, e.g. the spirit, genius of a language,naturaorproprietas sermonis; the spirit of the laws,voluntas et sententia legum.
praeterito anno(notpraeterlapso)—in the past year.
superiore, priore anno—last year.
proximo anno—(1) last year; (2) next year.
insequenti(e) anno(notsequente)—in the following year.
anno[1]peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso—after a year has elapsed.
anno vertente—in the course of the year.
initio anni, ineunte anno—at the beginning of the year.
exeunte, extremo anno—at the end of the year.
singulis annis, diebus—year by year; day by day.
quinto quoque anno—every fifth year.
ad annum—a year from now.
amplius sunt (quam) viginti anniorviginti annis—it is more than twenty years ago.
viginti anni et amplius, aut plus—twenty years and more.
abhinc (ante) viginti annosorviginti his annis—twenty years ago.
quinque anni suntorsextus annus est, cum te non vidi—I have not seen you for five years.
quinque annosorsextum (iam) annum abest—he has been absent five years.
anno ab urbe condita quinto—in the fifth year from the founding of the city.
commutationes temporum quadripartitae—the succession of the four seasons.
verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore—in spring, summer, autumn, winter time.
ineunte, primo vere—at the beginning of spring.
ver appetit—spring is approaching.
suavitas verni temporis—the charms of spring.
summa aestate, hieme—in the height of summer, depth of winter.
hiems subest—winter is at hand.
hiemem tolerare—to bear the winter.
anni descriptio—the division of the year (into months, etc.)
annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris—the intercalary year (month, day).
fasti—the calender (list of fasts and festivals).
[1]Unlessoneis emphasisedunusis left out with the following words:annus, mensis, dies, hora, andverbum.
ante lucem—before daybreak.
prima luce—at daybreak.
luce (luci)—in full daylight.
ubi illuxit, luxit, diluxit—when it was day.
lucet—it is daylight.
diluculo—in the morning twilight.
advesperascit—evening is drawing on.
die, caelo vesperascente—when it is growing dusk; towards evening.
multus diesormulta lux est—the day is already far advanced.
ad multam noctem—till late at night.
de nocte, de die—while it is still night, day.
multa de nocte—late at night.
intempesta, concubia nocte—in the dead of night; at midnight.
silentio noctis—in the silence of the night.
vicissitudines dierum noctiumque—the succession of day and night.
noctes diesque, noctes et dies, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque, diem noctemque—night and day.
tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum—morning, noon, evening, night.
tempora matutina—the morning hours.
in dies (singulos)—from day to day.
in diem vivere—to live from day to day.
alternis diebus—every other day.
quattuor dies continui—four successive days.
unus et alter dies—one or two days.
dies unus, alter, plures intercesserant—one, two, several days had passed, intervened.
diem proferre(Att. 13. 14)—to adjourn, delay.
biduo serius[1]—two days late.
horā citius—an hour too soon.
postridie qui fuit dies Non. Sept. (Nonarum Septembrium)(Att. 4. 1. 5)—on the day after, which was September 5th.
hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept.—to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th.
dies hesternus, hodiernus, crastinus—yesterday, to-day, tomorrow.
diem dicere colloquio—to appoint a date for an interview.
ad diem constitutam—at the appointed time.
diem videre, cum...—to live to see the day when...
dies dolorem mitigabit—time will assuage his grief.
quota hora est?—what time is it?
tertia hora est—it is the third hour (= 9 A.M.)
ad horam compositam—at the time agreed on.
[1] Used absolutely "too late" =sero; if "too late for," "later than," alwaysserius (quam).
omnibus artubus contremiscere—to tremble in every limb.
aures claudere, patefacere(e.g.veritati, assentatoribus)—to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to...
aures praebere alicui—to listen to a person.
aures alicuius obtundereor simplyobtundere (aliquem)—to din a thing into a person's ears.
in aurem alicui dicere (insusurrare) aliquid—to whisper something in a person's ears.
ad aures alicuius(notalicui)pervenire, accidere—to come to some one's ears.
aures erigere—to prick up one's ears.
oratio in aures influit—his words find an easy hearing, are listened to with pleasure.
aures elegantes, teretes, tritae(De Or. 9. 27)—a fine, practised ear.
neque auribus neque oculis satis consto—I am losing my eyesight and getting deaf.
caput aperire(opp.operire)—to uncover one's head.
capite aperto(opp.operto)—bare-headed.
capite obvoluto—with head covered.
caput demittere—to bow one's head.
caput praecīdere—to cut off a man's head.
caput[1]parieti impingere—to strike one's head against the wall.
cervices(in Cic. only in plur.)frangere alicuioralicuius—to break a person's neck.
gladius cervicibus impendet—a sword hangs over his neck.
hostis[2]in cervicibus alicuius est—the foe is at our heels, is upon us.
promittere crinem, barbam—to grow one's hair, beard long.
passis crinibus—with dishevelled hair.
capilli horrent—his hair stands on end.
capilli compti, compositi(opp.horridi)—well-ordered, well-brushed hair.
extremis digitis aliquid attingere—to touch with the fingertips.
frontem contrahere(opp.explicare)—to frown.
frontem ferire, percutere—to beat one's brow.
in fronte alicuius inscriptum est—one can see it in his face.
ab alicuius latere non discedere—to be always at a person's side.
a latere regis esse—to belong to the king's bodyguard.
manum (dextram) alicui porrigere—to give one's hand to some one.
manum non vertere alicuius rei causa[3]—to make not the slightest effort; not to stir a finger.
manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui—to lay violent hands on a person.
manus tollere—to raise one's hands in astonishment.
manus dare—to own oneself conquered, surrender.
manu ducere aliquem—to lead some one by the hand.
manuorin manu tenere aliquid—to hold something in one's hand.
in manibus habere aliquid(also metaphorically)—to have something in one's hands, on hand.
de manu in manusorper manus tradere aliquid—to pass a thing from hand to hand.
exorde manibus alicuioralicuius extorquere aliquid—to wrest from a person's hand.
e manibus dimittere—to let go from one's hands.
in alicuius manus venire, pervenire—to come into some one's hands.
in alicuius manus incidere—to fall unexpectedly into some one's hands.
in manus(m) sumere aliquid—to take something into one's hands.
in manibus[4]aliquem gestare—to carry in one's arms.
e (de) manibus effugere,[5]elābi—to slip, escape from the hands.
inter manus auferre aliquem—to carry some one away in one's arms.
compressis manibus sedere(proverb.) (Liv. 7. 13)—to sit with folded arms; to be inactive.
mordicus tenere aliquid—to hold fast in the teeth (also metaphorically, obstinately).
oculos conicere in aliquem—to turn one's gaze on; to regard.
oculos circumferre—to look in every direction.
in omnes partes aciem (oculorum) intendere—to gaze intently all around.
omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere—to draw every one's eyes upon one.
omnium animosormentes in se convertere—to attract universal attention.
conspici, conspicuum esse aliqua re—to make oneself conspicuous.
oculos(aures, animum[6])advertere ad aliquid—to turn one's eyes (ears, attention) towards an object.
oculi in vultu alicuius habitant—his eyes are always fixed on some one's face.
oculos figere in terraandin terram—to keep one's eyes on the ground.
oculos pascere aliqua re(also simplypasci aliqua re)—to feast one's eyes with the sight of...
oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re—to turn one's gaze away from an object.
oculos operire (morienti)[7]—to close the eyes of a dying person.
oculorum aciem alicui praestringere(also simplypraestringere)—to dazzle a person.
oculos, lumina amittere—to lose one's sight.
oculis privare aliquem—to deprive a person of his eyes.
luminibus orbare aliquem—to deprive a person of his eyes.
oculis captum esse[8](vid.sect. IV. 6., noteauribus, oculis...)—to be blind.
ante oculos aliquid versatur—something presents itself to my vision.
oculis, ante oculos (animo) proponere aliquid—to picture a thing to oneself; to imagine.
ante oculos vestros(notvobis)res gestas proponite—picture to yourselves the circumstances.
cernere et videre aliquid—to see clearly, distinctly.
oculis mentis videre aliquid—to see with the mind's eye.
in oculis aliquem ferre—to cherish as the apple of one's eye.
aliquis est mihi in oculis—to cherish as the apple of one's eye.
abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius—to go out of sight, disappear.
venire in conspectum alicuius—to come in sight.
se in conspectum dare alicui—to show oneself to some one.
fugere alicuius conspectum, aspectum—to keep out of a person's sight.
in conspectu omniumoromnibus inspectantibus—before every one, in the sight of the world.
omnia uno aspectu, conspectu intueri—to take in everything at a glance.
non apparere—to have disappeared.
pedibus obterere, conculcare—to trample under foot.
ad pedes alicuius accidere—to fall at some one's feet.
ad pedes alicuius se proicere, se abicere, procumbere, se prosternere—to throw oneself at some one's feet.
ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)—to prostrate oneself before a person.
quod ante pedes estorpositum est, non videre—to fail to see what lies before one.
sanguine manare, redundare—to drip blood; to be deluged with blood.
vultum fingere—to dissemble, disguise one's feelings.
vultus ficti simulatique—a feigned expression.
vultum componere ad severitatem—to put on a stern air.
vultum non mutare—to keep one's countenance, remain impassive.
[1]caputhas several metaphorical meanings, e.g.capita coniurationis(Liv. 9. 26), the leaders of the conspiracy;caput Graeciae, the capital of Greece;caput cenae, the chief dish;capita legis, the headings, clauses of a law;id quod caput est, the main point;de capite deducere(Liv. 6. 15), to subtract from the capital;capitis periculum, mortal peril;capitis deminutio(maxima, media, minima) (Liv. 22. 60), deprivation of civil rights.caputis often combined withfons= source, origin, e.g.ille fons et caput Socrates(Cic. De. Or. 1. 42);in aegritudine est fons miseriarum et caput(Cic.) By metonymycaputis used withliberum(andnoxium) (Verr. 2. 32. 79) with the meaning of a free (guilty) person, individual.
[2] Cf.velut in cervicibus habere hostem(Liv. 44. 39);bellum ingens in cervicibus est(Liv. 22. 33. 6).
[3] Cf.ne digitum quidem porrigere alicuius rei causa.
[4] Notice tooliberos de parentum complexu avellere(Verr. 2. 1. 3. 7), to snatch children from their parents' "arms" (notbrachium), soin alicuius complexu mori;in alicuius complexu haerere.medium aliquem amplecti, to take to one's arms, embrace;libentissimo animo accipere, to welcome with open arms.
[5] Distinguisheffugere aliquid, to escape the touch of, e.g.invidiam, mortem; andeffugere ex aliqua re, to escape from a position one is already in, e.g.e carcere, e caede, e praelio. Noticefugit me, it escapes my notice.
[6]animum advertere aliquid=animadvertere aliquid= to notice a thing;animadvertere in aliquem= to punish a person.
[7] To shut one's eyes to a thing,conivere in aliqua re.
[8] Cf.caecatus, occaecatus cupiditate, stultitia.
sensus sani, integri, incorrupti—sound, unimpaired senses.
sensibus praeditum esse—to be endowed with sense.
sensu audiendi carere—not to possess the sense of hearing.
sub sensumorsub oculos, sub aspectum cadere—to come within the sphere of the senses.
sensibusorsub sensus subiectum esse—to come within the sphere of the senses.
sensibus percipi—to be perceptible to the senses.
res sensibusoroculis subiectae(De Fin. 5. 12. 36)—the world of sense, the visible world.
res quas oculis cernimus—the world of sense, the visible world.
res externae—the world of sense, the visible world.
sensus movere(more stronglypellere)—to make an impression on the senses.
aliquid sensus suaviter afficit—a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses.
aliquid sensus iucunditate perfundit—a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses.
pulsu externo, adventicio agitari—to be affected by some external impulse, by external impressions.
sevocare mentem a sensibus(De Nat. D. 3. 8. 21)—to free one's mind from the influences of the senses.
aliquid a sensibus meis abhorret—something offends my instincts, goes against the grain.
vires corporisor merelyvires—bodily strength.
vires colligere—to gain strength.
vires aliquem deficiunt—to lose strength.
dum vires suppetunt—as long as one's strength holds out.
bonis esse viribus—to be robust, vigorous.
pro viribusorpro mea parte—as well as I can; to the best of my ability.
pro virili parte[1](cf. sect. V. 22.)—as well as I can; to the best of my ability.
[1]pro virili parteis distinct from the other expressions, as implying more assurance and confidence on the part of the speaker.
in lucem edi—to see the light, come into the world.
ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus—those to whom we owe our being.
tollere[1]orsuscipere liberos—to accept as one's own child; to make oneself responsible for its nurture and education.
aliquem in liberorum loco habere—to treat as one's own child.
sexus(notgenus)virilis, muliebris—the male, female sex.
patre, (e) matre natus—son of such and such a father, mother.
Cato Uticensis ortus erat a Catone Censorio—Cato of Utica was a direct descendant of Cato the Censor.
originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere—to trace one's descent from some one.
Romae natus, (a) Roma oriundus—a native of Rome.
cuias es—what country do you come from?
natione, genere Anglus—an Englishman by birth.
ortus ab Anglisororiundus ex Anglis—a native of England.
urbs patriaor simplypatria—native place.
animam, spiritum ducere—to breathe, live.
aera spiritu ducere—to breathe the air.
animam continere—to hold one's breath.
cursu exanimari(B.G. 2. 23. 1)—to run till one is out of breath.
spiritum intercludere alicui—to suffocate a person.
in vita esse—to be alive.
vitaorhac luce frui—to enjoy the privilege of living; to be alive.
vitam beatam (miseram) degere—to live a happy (unhappy) life.
vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere—to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning).
dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo—as long as I live.
si vita mihi suppeditat[2]—if I live till then.
si vita suppetit—if I live till then.
quod reliquum est vitae—the rest of one's life.
vitae cursumorcurriculum[3]conficere—to finish one's career.
Homerus fuit[4]multis annis ante Romam conditam—Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome.
[1]It was the custom for a Roman father to lift up his new-born child, which was laid on the ground at his feet; hence the expressiontollere, suscipere.
[2]suppeditare(1) transitive, to supply sufficiently; (2) intrans. to be present in sufficient quantities =suppetere.
[3]vitae (vivendi) cursusorcurriculum= life, career—considering its duration, length. Life = biography is notcurriculum vitae, but simplyvita, vitae descriptio.
[4]To live, speaking chronologically, isesse;viveredenotes to be alive, pass one's life, e.g.laute, in otio.
(The terms for the different ages of man areinfans, puer, adulescens, iuvenis, senior, senex, grandis natu.)
ea aetate, id aetatis esse—to be of such and such an age.
a puero (is), a parvo (is), a parvulo (is)—from youth up.
a teneris unguiculis(ἐξ ἁπαλων ὀνύχων) (Fam. 1. 6. 2)—from one's cradle, from one's earliest childhood.
ab ineunte (prima) aetate(De Or. 1. 21. 97)—from one's entry into civil life.
ex pueris excedere—to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man.
flos aetatis—the prime of youthful vigour.
aetate florere, vigere—to be in the prime of life.
integra aetate esse—to be in the prime of life.
adulescentia deferbuit—the fires of youth have cooled.
aetate progrediente—with advancing years.
aetate ingravescente—with the weight, weakness of declining years.
aetas constans, media, firmata, corroborata(notvirilis)—manhood.
grandior factus—having reached man's estate.
corroborata, firmata aetate—having reached man's estate.
sui iuris factum esse—to have become independent, be no longer a minor.
aetate provectum esse(notaetate provecta)—to be advanced in years.
longius aetate provectum esse—to be more advanced in years.
grandis natu—aged.
aetate affecta esse—to be infirm through old age.
vires consenescunt—to become old and feeble.
senectute, senio confectum esse—to be worn out by old age.
exacta aetate mori—to die at a good old age.
ad summam senectutem pervenire—to live to a very great age.
senectus nobis obrēpit—old age creeps on us insensibly.
admodum adulescens, senex—still quote a young (old) man.
extrema aetas—the last stage of life, one's last days.
extremum tempus aetatis—the last stage of life, one's last days.
vita occidens—the evening of life.
aequalem esse alicuius—to be a contemporary of a person.
maior (natu)—the elder
aetate alicui antecedere, anteire—to be older than.
quot annos natus es?—how old are you?
qua aetate es?—how old are you?
tredecim annos natus sum—I am thirteen years old.
tertium decimum annum ago—I am in my thirteenth year.
puer decem annorum—a boy ten years old.
decimum aetatis annum ingredi—to be entering on one's tenth year.
decem annos vixisse—to be ten years old.
decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse—to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year.
minorem esse viginti annis—to be not yet twenty.
tum habebam decem annos—I was ten years old at the time.
centum annos complere—to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred.
vitam ad annum centesimum perducere—to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred.
accessio paucorum annorum—the addition of a few years.
tertiam iam aetatem videre—to be middle-aged (i.e.between thirty and forty).
in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere—to happen during a person's life, year of office.
omnium suorumoromnibus suis superstitem esse—to outlive, survive all one's kin.
homines qui nunc sunt(opp.qui tunc fuerunt)—our contemporaries; men of our time.
homines huius aetatis, nostrae memoriae—our contemporaries; men of our time.
posteri—posterity.
scriptores aetate posterioresorinferiores—later writers.
esurire—to be hungry.
fame laborare, premi—to be tormented by hunger, to be starving.
famem tolerare, sustentare—to endure the pangs of hunger.
inediā moriorvitam finire—to starve oneself to death.
fame confici, perire, interire—to die of starvation.
fame necari—to be starved to death (as punishment).
famem, sitim explere—to allay one's hunger, thirst.
famem sitimque depellere cibo et potione—to allay one's hunger, thirst.
siti cruciari, premi—to suffer agonies of thirst.
sitim colligere—to become thirsty.
sitim haustu gelidae aquae sedare—to slake one's thirst by a draught of cold water.
famis et sitis[1]patientem esse—to be able to endure hunger and thirst.
[1]sitisis also used metaphorically—e.g.libertatis sitis(Rep. 1. 43. 66), sositire—e.g.honores(De Fin. 4. 5. 3),libertatem(Rep. 1. 43. 66),sanguinem(Phil. 2. 7. 20). The participlesitienstakes the Gen.—e.g.sitiens virtutis(Planc. 5. 13).
risum edere, tollere[1]—to begin to laugh.
cachinnum tollere, edere—to burst into a roar of laughter.
risum movere, concitare—to raise a laugh.
risum elicere(more stronglyexcutere)alicui—to make a person laugh.
risum captare—to try and raise a laugh.
risum tenere vix posse—to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter.
risum aegre continere posse—to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter.
aliquid in risum vertere—to make a thing ridiculous, turn it into a joke.
lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere—to burst into a flood of tears.
in lacrimas effundiorlacrimis perfundi—to be bathed in tears.
lacrimis obortis—with tears in one's eyes.
multis cum lacrimis—with many tears.
magno cum fletu—with many tears.
lacrimas tenere non posse—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.
fletum cohibere non posse—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.
vix mihi tempero quin lacrimem—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.
vix me contineo quin lacrimem—to be hardly able to restrain one's tears.
lacrimasorfletum alicui movere—to move to tears.
prae lacrimis loqui non posse—to be unable to speak for emotion.
gaudio lacrimare—to weep for joy.
hinc illae lacrimae(proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99;Cael. 25. 61)—hence these tears; there's the rub.
lacrimula(Planc. 31. 76)—crocodiles' tears.
lacrimae simulatae—crocodiles' tears.
[1]Notin risum erumpere, which only occurs in late Latin. However,risus, vox, fletus erumpitis classical, similarlyindignatio(Liv. 4. 50),furor, cupiditates(Cael. 12. 28).
bona (firma, prospera) valetudine[1]esseoruti(vid.sect. VI. 8., noteuti...)—to enjoy good health.
valetudini consulere, operam dare—to take care of one's health.
firma corporis constitutiooraffectio—a good constitution.
infirma, aegra valetudine esseoruti—to be ill, weakly.
in morbum incidit—he fell ill.
aegrotare coepit—he fell ill.
morbo tentariorcorripi—to be attacked by disease.
morbo afflīgi—to be laid on a bed of sickness.
lecto teneri—to be confined to one's bed.
vehementer, graviter aeogratare, iacēre—to be seriously ill.
gravi morbo affectum esse, conflictari, vexari—to be seriously ill.
leviter aegrotare, minus valere—to be indisposed.
aestu et febri iactari—to have a severe attack of fever.
omnibus membris captum esse[2]—to be affected by disease in every limb; to be paralysed.
ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse—to have the gout.
pestilentia(notpestis)in urbem (populum) invadit—the plague breaks out in the city.
animus relinquit aliquem—a man loses his senses, becomes unconscious.
morbus ingravescit[3]—the disease gets worse.
morbo absūmi(Sall. Iug. 5. 6)—to be carried off by a disease.
assidēre aegroto(Liv. 25. 26)—to watch by a sick man's bedside.
aegrotum curare—to treat as a patient (used of a doctor).
curationes—method of treatment.
aegrotum sanare(notcurare)—to cure a patient.
ex morbo convalescere(notreconvalescere)—to recover from a disease.
e gravi morbo recreariorse colligere—to recruit oneself after a severe illness.
melius ei factum est—he feels better.
valetudinem (morbum) excusare[4](Liv. 6. 22. 7)—to excuse oneself on the score of health.
valetudinis excusatione uti—to excuse oneself on the score of health.
[1]valetudois a neutral term = state of health.sanitas= soundness of mind, reason—e.g.ad sanitatem reverti, to recover one's reason.
[2]Noteauribus, oculis, captum esse, to be deaf, blind;mente captum esse, to be mad.
[3]The comparative and superlative ofaegerandaegrotusare not used in this connection, they are replaced by such phrases asvehementer, graviter aegrotare, morbus ingravescit, etc.
[4]Butse excusare alicuiorapud aliquem(deorin aliqua re) = to excuse oneself to some one about a thing.
cubitum ire—to go to bed.
somnoorquieti se tradere—to lay oneself down to sleep
somnum capere non posse—to be unable to sleep.
curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt—I cannot sleep for anxiety.
somnum oculis meis non vidi(Fam. 7. 30)—I haven't had a wink of sleep.
arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine)—to sleep soundly (from fatigue).
artus somnus aliquem complectitur(Rep. 6. 10)—to fall fast asleep.
somno captum, oppressum esse—to be overcome by sleep.
sopītum esse—to be sound asleep.
in lucem dormire—to sleep on into the morning.
somno solvi—to awake.
(e) somno excitare, dormientem excitare—to rouse, wake some one.
e lectoore cubīli surgere—to rise from one's bed, get up.
per somnum, in somnis—in a dream.
per quietem, in quiete—in a dream.
in somnis videre aliquidorspeciem—to see something in a dream.
in somnis visus (mihi) sum videre—I dreamed I saw...
species mihi dormienti oblata est—I saw a vision in my dreams.
somnium verum evādit(Div. 2. 53. 108)—my dream is coming true.
somnium interpretari—to explain a dream.
somniorum interpres, coniector—an interpreter of dreams.
somniare de aliquo—to dream of a person.
(de) vita decedereor merelydecedere—to depart this life.
(ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire—to depart this life.
de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare—to depart this life.
mortem (diem supremum) obire—to depart this life.
supremo vitae die—on one's last day.
animam edereorefflare—to give up the ghost.
extremum vitae spiritum edere—to give up the ghost.
animam agere—to be at one's last gasp.
mors immaturaorpraematura—an untimely death.
mature decedere—to die young.
subita morte exstingui—to be cut off by sudden death.
necessaria(opp.voluntaria)morte mori—to die a natural death.
morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi—to die a natural death.
debitum naturae reddere[1](Nep. Reg. 1)—to die a natural death.
mortem sibi consciscere[2]—to commit suicide.
se vita privare—to take one's own life.
manus, vim sibi afferre—to lay hands on oneself.
vitae finem facere—to put an end to one's life.
talem vitae exitum(notfinem)habuit(Nep. Eum. 13)—such was the end of... (used of a violent death).
mortem oppetere—to meet death (by violence).
mortem occumbere pro patria—to die for one's country.
sanguinem suum pro patria effundereorprofundere—to shed one's blood for one's fatherland.
vitam profundere pro patria—to sacrifice oneself for one's country.
se morti offerre pro salute patriae—to sacrifice oneself for one's country.
dare venenum in pane—to give a person poison in bread.
venenum sumere, bibere—to take poison.
veneno sibi mortem consciscere—to poison oneself.
poculum mortis (mortiferum) exhaurire(Cluent. 11. 31)—to drain the cup of poison.
potestas vitae necisque—power over life and death.
plagam extremamormortiferam infligere—to inflict a death-blow.
eorde medio tollere—to remove a person.
perii! actum est de me!(Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)—I'm undone! it's all up with me!
[1]sua morte defungiormoriis late Latin, cf.Inscr. Orell. 3453,debitum naturae persolvit.
[2]se interficere, se occidere, se necareare rare. During the classic period, when suicide was not common,ipseis often added—e.g.Crassum se ipsum interemisse(Cic. Scaur. 2. 16),Lucretia se ipsa interemit(Fin. 2. 20. 66); but later, when suicide had become frequent,se interemit; nonnulli semet interemerunt(Suet. Iul. 89), etc., occur commonly.