funere efferrior simplyefferri(publice; publico, suo sumptu)—to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost).
sepultura aliquem afficere—to bury a person.
iusta facere, solvere alicui—to perform the last rites for a person.
supremo officio in aliquem fungi—to perform the last rites for a person.
funus alicui facere, ducere(Cluent. 9. 28)—to carry out the funeral obsequies.
funus alicuius exsequi—to attend a person's funeral.
exsequias alicuius funeris prosequi—to attend a person's funeral.
supremis officiis aliquem prosequi(vidsect. VI. 11., noteProsequi...)—to perform the last offices of affection.
mortuum in sepulcro condere—to entomb a dead body.
aliquem mortuum[1]cremare(Sen. 23. 84)—to burn a corpse.
pompa funebris—a funeral procession.
funusorexsequias celebrare—to celebrate the obsequies.
ludos funebres alicui dare—to give funeral games in honour of a person.
oratio funebris[2]—a funeral oration.
sepulturae honore carere—to be deprived of the rites of burial.
iustis exsequiarum carere—to be deprived of the rites of burial.
elogium in sepulcro incisum—the epitaph.
sepulcro(Dat.) orin sepulcro hoc inscriptum est—this is the inscription on his tomb...
hic situs est...—here lies...
aliquem in rogum imponere—to place on the funeral-pyre.
proiici inhumatum (in publicum)—to be cast out unburied.
[1] "Corpse" usually =corpus mortuior simplycorpus.cadaveris a corpse which has begun to decompose.
[2] For eulogy, panegyric, uselaudatio funebrisor simplylaudatio, cf.Mil. 13. 33;Liv. 5. 50.
res humanaeor simplyres—human life.
haec est rerum humanarum condicio—that is the way of the world; such is life.
sic vita hominum est—that is the way of the world; such is life.
ita (ea lege, ea condicione) nati sumus—this is our natural tendency, our destiny; nature compels us.
res externasorhumanas despicere—to despise earthly things.
res humanas infra se positas arbitrari—to feel superior to the affairs of life.
meliore (deteriore) condicione esse, uti—to find one's circumstances altered for the better (the worse).
condicio ac fortuna hominum infimi generis—the position of the lower classes.
res meae meliore loco, in meliore causa sunt—my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter.
meliorem in statum redigor—my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter.
aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere—to restore a man to his former position.
in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate—under such unfavourable circumstances.
res dubiae, perditae, afflictae—a critical position; a hopeless state of affairs.
in angustias adducere aliquem—to place some one in an embarrassing position.
in angustiis, difficultatibus, esseorversari—to be in a dilemma; in difficulties.
angustiis premi, difficultatibus affici—to be in a dilemma; in difficulties.
agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo—so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers.
res ita est, ita (sic) se habet—the facts are these; the matter stands thus.
eadem (longe alia) est huius rei ratio—the case is exactly similar (entirely different).
hoc longe aliter, secus est—this is quite another matter.
res (ita) fert—circumstances make this necessary; the exigencies of the case are these.
pro re (nata), pro tempore—according to circumstances.
pro tempore et pro re—according to circumstances.
res eoorin eum locum deducta est, ut...—the matter has gone so far that...; the state of affairs is such that...
quo loco res tuae sunt?—how are you getting on?
eadem est causa meaorin eadem causa sum—my circumstances have not altered.
si quid (humanitus) mihi accidatoracciderit—if anything should happen to me; if I die.
quae cum ita sint—under such circumstances.
utcumque res ceciderit—whatever happens; in any case.
initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re—to begin with a thing.
initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei)—to commence a thing.
ab exiguis initiis proficisci—to start from small beginnings.
pararewith Inf.—to prepare to do a thing.
aggredi ad aliquid faciendum—to prepare to do a thing.
incunabula[1]doctrinae—the origin, first beginnings of learning.
finem facere alicuius rei—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing.
finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing.
ad finem aliquid adducere—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing.
ad exitum aliquid perducere—to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing.
finem habere—to come to an end.
aliquid (bene, prospere) succeditorprocedit(opp.parum procedere, non succedere)—the matter progresses favourably, succeeds.
eventum, exitum (felicem) habere—to turn out (well); to result (satisfactorily).
quorsum haec res cadetorevadet?—what will be the issue, end, consequence of the matter?
ad irritum redigere aliquid—to frustrate, nullify.
res aliter cecidit ac putaveram—the result has surprised me; I was not prepared for this development.
quid illo fiet?—what will become of him?
quid huic homini(alsohoc homine)faciam?—what am I to do with this fellow?
[1]incunabulaliterally swaddling-clothes.cunabula, cradle, is not used in this metaphorical sense except in post-Augustan Latin.
causam afferre—to quote as a reason; give as excuse.
iustis de[1]causis—for valid reasons.
magnae (graves) necessariae causae—cogent, decisive reasons.
non sine causa—on good grounds; reasonably.
quid causae fuit cur...?—how came it that...?
causa posita est in aliqua re—the motive, cause, is to be found in...
causa repetenda est ab aliqua re(notquaerenda)—the motive, cause, is to be found in...
multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquidorut...—I was induced by several considerations to...
causam interponereorinterserere—to interpose, put forward an argument, a reason.
praetendere, praetexere aliquid—to make something an excuse, pretext.
causam idoneam nancisci—to find a suitable pretext.
per causam(with Gen.)—under the pretext, pretence of...
causae rerum et consecutiones—cause and effect.
causae extrinsecus allatae(opp.in ipsa re positae)—extraneous causes.
rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae—concatenation, interdependence of causes.
ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent—important results are often produced by trivial causes.
ex aliqua re nasci, manare—to originate in, arise from.
ab aliqua re proficisci—to originate in, arise from.
ex aliqua re redundare(inorad aliquid)—to accrue in great abundance.
utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re—untold advantages arise from a thing.
e fontibus haurire(opp.rivulos consectariorfontes non videre)—to draw from the fountain-head.
haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant—these things have the same origin.
fons et caput(vid.sect. III., notecaput...)—source, origin.
[1]Notice the order; so regularlyeaandqua de causa; butob eam causamnoteam ob causam. For the meaning ofiustuscf. xvi. 5bellum iustumand xvi. 10apraelium iustum.
rationem habere alicuius rei—to have regard for; take into consideration.
respicere[1]aliquid—to have regard for; take into consideration.
quo in genere—from this point of view; similarly.
multis rebusorlocis—in many respects; in many points.
in utraque re—in both cases; whichever way you look at it.
ceteris rebus(notcetera)—as regards the rest; otherwise.
omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus—from every point of view; looked at in every light.
aliqua ex parte—to a certain extent.
aliquatenus—to a certain extent.
magni (nullius) momenti esse—to be of great (no) importance.
momentum afferre ad aliquid—to determine the issue of; to turn the scale.
pertinere ad aliquid—to be essentially important to a thing.
hoc nihil ad sapientem pertinet—a wise man is in no way affected by this.
hoc in sapientem non cadit—it is incompatible with the nature of a wise man; the wise are superior to such things.
multum valere ad aliquid—to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in...
multum afferre ad aliquid—to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in...
magnam vim habere ad aliquid—to have considerable influence on a question.
positum, situm esse in aliqua re—to depend upon a thing.
contineri aliqua re[2]—to depend upon a thing.
consistere in aliqua re—to depend upon a thing.
pendēre ex aliqua re—to depend upon a thing.
in te omnia sunt—everything depends on you.
in ea re omnia vertuntur—all depends on this; this is the decisive point.
constare ex aliqua re—to be composed of; to consist of.
cernitur (in) aliqua re(notex aliqua re)—it is evident from...
in manu, in potestate alicuius situm, positum esse—to be in a person's power.
penes aliquem esse—to be in a person's power.
res integra[3]est—the matter is still undecided; it is an open question.
res mihi integra est—I have not yet committed myself.
mihi non est integrum, ut...—it is no longer in my power.
integrum (causam integram) sibi reservare—to leave the question open; to refuse to commit oneself.
penes te arbitrium huius rei est—the decision of the question rests with you.
arbitrio alicuius omnia permittere—to put the matter entirely in some one's hands.
omnium rerum arbitrium alicui permittere—to put the matter entirely in some one's hands.
arbitratu, arbitrio tuo—just as you wish.
[1]Butrespicere ad aliquid (aliquem)= to look round at an object.
[2]contineri aliqua realso means (1) to be bounded by..., e.g.oceano; (2) to be limited, restricted to, e.g.moenibus.
[3]The proper meaning ofinteger(in-TAG, tango) is untouched, unsullied.
occasio datur, offertur—a favourable[1]opportunity presents itself.
occasione data, oblata—when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs.
per occasionem—when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs.
quotienscunque occasio oblata est; omnibus locis—on every occasion; at every opportunity.
occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius reiorad aliquid faciendum—to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing.
facultatem alicui dare alicuius reiorut possit...—to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing.
potestatem,[2]copiam alicui dare, facerewith Gen. gerund.—to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing.
occasionem nancisci—to get, meet with, a favourable opportunity.
occasione uti—to make use of, avail oneself of an opportunity.
occasionem praetermittere, amittere(through carelessness),omittere(deliberately),dimittere(through indifference)—to lose, let slip an opportunity.
occasioni deesse[3]—to neglect an opportunity.
occasionem arripere—to seize an opportunity.
facultatem, potestatem alicui eripere, adimere—to deprive a man of the chance of doing a thing.
nulla est facultas alicuius rei—no opportunity of carrying out an object presents itself.
locum dare suspicioni—to give ground for suspicion.
ansas dare ad reprehendum, reprehensionis—to give occasion for blame; to challenge criticism.
ansam habere reprehensionis—to contain, afford matter for criticism.
adduci aliqua re(ad aliquidorut...)—to be induced by a consideration.
nescio quo casu(with Indic.)—by some chance or other.
temere et fortuito; forte (et) temere—quite accidentally, fortuitously.
[1]Notoccasio opportuna, bona, pulchra, the notion "favourable" being contained in the word itself. We find, however,occasio praeclara, ampla, tanta, not unfrequently.
[2]Noticepotestatem alicui pugnandi facere, to offer battle, andpotestatem sui facere alicui, (1) to give opportunity of battle, and also (2) to grant an audience to (cf.sui conveniendi potestatem facere).
[3]In the same waydeesse officio, to leave one's duties undone;d. muneri, to neglect the claims of one's vocation;d. rei publicae, to be careless of state interests, to be unpatriotic;d. sibi, not to do one's best.
fortuna secunda uti—to be fortunate, lucky.
fortunae favoreorprospero flatu fortunae uti(vid.sect. VI. 8., noteuti...)—to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles.
fortunam fautricem nancisci—to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles.
fortuna caecos homines efficit, animos occaecat—Fortune makes men shortsighted, infatuates them.
fortunam tentare, experiri—to try one's luck.
fortunam periclitari (periculum facere)—to run a risk; to tempt Providence.
fortunae se committere—to trust to luck.
fortunam in manibus habere—to have success in one's grasp.
fortunam ex manibus dimittere—to let success slip through one's fingers.
fortuna commutatur, se inclinat—luck is changing, waning.
ludibrium fortunae—the plaything of Fortune.
is, quem fortuna complexa est—Fortune's favourite.
a fortuna desertum, derelictum esse—to be abandoned by good luck.
fortuna aliquem effert—Fortune exalts a man, makes him conspicuous.
rebus secundis efferri—to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity.
ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re—his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is...
aliquid felicitatis cumulum affert—his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is...
aliquid felicitatem magno cumulo auget—his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is...
in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem fluentibus—when life runs smoothly.
beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse[1]—happiness, bliss.
ad bene beateque vivendum—for a life of perfect happiness.
peropportune accidit, quod—it is most fortunate that...
[1]beatitasandbeatitudoare used by Cicero in one passage only (De Nat. Deorum, 1. 34. 95), but merely as a linguistic experiment.
fortuna adversa—misfortune, adversity.
res adversae, afflictae, perditae—misfortune, adversity.
in calamitatem incidere—to be overtaken by calamity.
calamitatem accipere, subire—to suffer mishap.
nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre—to live a life free from all misfortune.
calamitatem haurire—to drain the cup of sorrow.[1]
omnes labores exanclare—to drain the cup of sorrow.
calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui—to bring mishap, ruin on a person.
calamitatibus affligi—to be the victim of misfortune.
calamitatibus obrui—to be overwhelmed with misfortune.
calamitatibus defungi—to come to the end of one's troubles.
calamitate doctus—schooled by adversity.
conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna—to struggle with adversity.
in malis iacere—to be broken down by misfortune.
malis urgeri—to be hard pressed by misfortune.
fortunae vicissitudines—the vicissitudes of fortune.
ancipites et varii casus—the changes and chances of this life.
sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse—to have to submit to the uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice.
multis casibus iactari—to experience the ups and downs of life.
ad omnes casus subsidia comparare—to be prepared for all that may come.
varia fortuna uti—to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have a chequered career.
multis iniquitatibus exerceri[2]—to be severely tried by misfortune.
fortunae telis propositum esse—to be exposed to the assaults of fate.
fortunae obiectum esse—to be abandoned to fate.
ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse—to be a victim of the malice of Fortune.
fortunae cedere—to acquiesce in one's fate.
aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare—to bring a man to ruin; to destroy.
praecipitem agi, ire—to be ruined, undone.
ad exitium vocari—to be ruined, undone.
ad interitum ruere—to be ruined, undone.
in perniciem incurrere—to be ruined, undone.
pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari—to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin.
perniciem (exitium) alicui afferre, moliri, parare—to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin.
ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare—to rescue from destruction.
[1]In Latin metaphor the verb only, as a rule, is sufficient to express the metaphorical meaning—e.g.amicitiam iungere cum aliquo, to be bound by the bands of affection to any one;religionem labefactare, to undermine the very foundations of belief;bellum exstinguere, to extinguish the torch of war;cuncta bello ardent, the fires of war are raging all around;libido consedit, the storm of passion has ceased;animum pellere, to strike the heart-strings;vetustas monumenta exederat, the tooth of time had eaten away the monuments.
[2]The first meaning ofexercereis to keep in motion, give no rest to. Then, metaphorically, to keep busy, to harass—e.g.fortuna aliquem vehementer exercet. Lastly,exercereis used to express the main activity in any branch of industry, thus,exercere agros, to farm;metalla, to carry on a mining industry;navem, to fit out ships, be a shipowner;vectigalia, to levy, collect taxes, used specially of thepublicani;qui exercet iudicium, the presiding judge (praetor).
in periculo esseorversari—to be in danger.
res in summo discrimine versatur—the position is very critical.
in vitae discrimine versari—to be in peril of one's life.
in pericula incidere, incurrere—to find oneself in a hazardous position.
pericula alicui impendent, imminent—dangers threaten a man.
pericula inorad aliquem redundant—many dangers hem a person in; one meets new risks at every turn.
pericula subire, adire, suscipere—to incur danger, risk.
periculis se offerre—to expose oneself to peril.
salutem, vitam suam in discrimen offerre(notexponere)—to risk one's life.
aliquem, aliquid in periculum (discrimen) adducere, vocare[1]—to endanger, imperil a person or thing.
alicui periculum creare, conflare—to endanger, imperil a person or thing.
in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre—to recklessly hazard one's life.
salus, caput, vita alicuius agitur, periclitatur, in discrimine estorversatur—a man's life is at stake, is in very great danger.
in ipso periculi discrimine—at the critical moment.
aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare—to rescue from peril.
nullum periculum recusare pro—to avoid no risk in order to...
periculis perfungi—to surmount dangers.
periculum facere alicuius rei—to make trial of; to risk.
periculum hostis facere—to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle.
res ad extremum casum perducta est—affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties.
ad extrema perventum est—affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties.
in tuto esse—to be in a position of safety.
in tuto collocare aliquid—to ensure the safety of a thing.
[1]vocarehelps to form several phrases—e.g.in invidiam, in suspicionem, in dubium, ad exitium, in periculum vocare. It is used in the passive to express periphrastically the passive of verbs which have only an active voice—e.g.in invidiam vocari, to become unpopular, be hated,invideornot being used. Cf.in invidiam venire.
auxilium, opem, salutem ferre alicui—to bring aid to; to rescue.
auxilio alicui venire—to come to assist any one.
alicuius opem implorare—to implore a person's help.
confugere ad aliquemorad opem, ad fidem alicuius—to fly to some one for refuge.
ad extremum auxilium descendere[1]—to be reduced to one's last resource.
auxilium praesens[2]—prompt assistance.
adesse alicuioralicuius rebus(opp.deesse)—to assist, stand by a person.
salutem alicui afferre—to deliver, rescue a person.
saluti suae consulere, prospicere—to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests.
suis rebusorsibi consulere—to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests.
salutem expedire—to effect a person's deliverance.
solacium praebere—to comfort.
nihil habere consolationis—to afford no consolation.
hoc solacio frui, uti—to solace oneself with the thought...
consolari aliquem de aliqua re—to comfort a man in a matter; to condole with him.
consolari dolorem alicuius—to soothe grief.
consolari aliquem in miseriis—to comfort in misfortune.
hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor—I console myself with...
haec (illa) res me consolatur—I console myself with...
[1]Similarlydescendereis frequently used of consenting unwillingly to a thing, condescending. Cf. vi. 9 ad fin. and xvi. 9.
[2]Notice toopoena praesens, instant punishment;pecunia praesens, ready money;medicina praesens, efficacious remedy;deus praesens, a propitious deity;in rem praesentem venire, to go to the very spot to make a closer examination.
divitiis, copiis abundare—to be rich, wealthy.
magnas opes habere—to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence.
opibus maxime florere—to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence.
omnibus opibus circumfluere—to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence.
fortunis maximis ornatum esse—to be in the enjoyment of a large fortune.
in omnium rerum abundantia vivere—to live in great affluence.
aliquem ex paupere divitem facere—to raise a man from poverty to wealth.
inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi—to suffer from want of a thing.
ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi—to be reduced to (abject) poverty.
vitam inopem sustentare, tolerare—to earn a precarious livelihood.
in egestate esse, versari—to live in poverty, destitution.
vitam in egestate degere—to live in poverty, destitution.
in summa egestateormendicitate esse—to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar.
stipem colligere—to beg alms.
stipem (pecuniam) conferre—to contribute alms.
usuiorex usu esse—to be of use.
utilitatem afferre, praebere—to be serviceable.
multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre—to considerably (in no way) further the common good.
aliquid in usum suum conferre—to employ in the furtherance of one's interests.
omnia ad suam utilitatem referre—to consider one's own advantage in everything.
rationibus alicuius prospicereorconsulere(opp.officere, obstare, adversari)—to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare.
commodis alicuius servire—to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare.
commoda alicuius tueri—to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare.
meae rationes ita tulerunt—my interests demanded it.
fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re[1]—to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing.
fructus ex hac re redundant inorad me—(great) advantage accrues to me from this.
aliquid ad meum fructum redundat—I am benefited by a thing.
quid attinet?with Infin.—what is the use of?
cui bono?—who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party?
damnum(opp.lucrum)facere—to suffer loss, harm, damage.[2]
damno affici—to suffer loss, harm, damage.
detrimentum capere, accipere, facere—to suffer loss, harm, damage.
iacturam[3]alicuius rei facere—to throw away, sacrifice.
damnum inferre, afferre alicui—to do harm to, injure any one.
damnum ferre—to know how to endure calamity.
incommodo afficere aliquem—to inconvenience, injure a person.
incommodis mederi—to relieve a difficulty.
damnumordetrimentum sarcire(notreparare)—to make good, repair a loss or injury.
damnum compensare cum aliqua re—to balance a loss by anything.
res repetere—to demand restitution, satisfaction.
res restituere—to give restitution, satisfaction.
[1]Alsofructum alicuius rei capere, percipere, ferre, consequi ex aliqua re—e.g.virtutis fructus ex re publica (magnos, laetos, uberes) capere= to be handsomely rewarded by the state for one's high character.
[2]Notice toocalamitatem, cladem, incommodum accipere, to suffer mishap, reverse, inconvenience;naufragium facere, to be shipwrecked.
[3]damnum(opp.lucrum) = loss, especially of worldly possessions;detrimentum(opp.emolumentum) = harm inflicted by others;fraus= deceitful injury;iactura(properly "throwing overboard") = the intentional sacrifice of something valuable in order either to avert injury or to gain some greater advantage. "Harmful" =inutilis, qui nocet, etc., notnoxius, which is only used absolutely—e.g.homo noxius, the offender, evildoer.
benevolo animo esse in aliquem—to be well-disposed towards...
benevolentiam habere erga aliquem—to be well-disposed towards...
benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliareorcolligere (ex aliqua re)—to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces.
benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre—to show kindness to...
benevolentia aliquem complectiorprosequi—to show kindness to...
gratiosum esse alicuiorapud aliquem—to be popular with; to stand well with a person.
in gratia esse apud aliquem—to be popular with; to stand well with a person.
multum valere gratia apud aliquem—to be highly favoured by; to be influential with...
florere gratia alicuius—to be highly favoured by; to be influential with...
gratiam inire ab aliquoorapud aliquem—to gain a person's esteem, friendship.
in gratiam alicuius venire—to gain a person's esteem, friendship.
gratiam alicuius sibi quaerere, sequi, more stronglyaucupari—to court a person's favour; to ingratiate oneself with...
studere, favere alicui—to look favourably upon; to support.
studiosum esse alicuius—to look favourably upon; to support.
propenso animo, studio esseorpropensa voluntate esse in aliquem(opp.averso animo esse ab aliquo)—to look favourably upon; to support.
alicui morem gerere, obsequi—to comply with a person's wishes; to humour.
alicuius causa[1]velleorcupere—to be favourably disposed towards.
gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere—to do any one a (great) favour.
se conformare, se accommodare ad alicuius voluntatem—to accomodate oneself to another's wishes.
alicuius voluntati morem gerere—to accomodate oneself to another's wishes.
se convertere, converti ad alicuius nutum[2]—to take one's directions from another; to obey him in everything.
totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum—to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature.
voluntatemoranimum alicuius a se abalienare, aliquem a se abalienareoralienare—to become estranged, alienated from some one.
[1]Probably originallyomnia alicuius causa velle= to wish everything (favourable) in some one's behalf.
[2]Butse convertere ad aliquem= either (1) to approach with hostile intention, or (2) to turn to some one for sympathy or assistance.
beneficium alicui dare, tribuere—to do any one a service or kindness.
beneficio aliquem afficere, ornare—to do any one a service or kindness.
beneficia in aliquem conferre—to heap benefits upon...
beneficiis aliquem obstringere, obligare, devincire—to lay any one under an obligation by kind treatment.
beneficium remunerariorreddere (cumulate)—to (richly) recompense a kindness or service.
gratus(opp.ingratus)animus[1]—gratitude.
gratiam alicui debere—to owe gratitude to; to be under an obligation to a person.
gratiam alicui habere—to feel gratitude (in one's heart).
gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re—to show gratitude (in one's acts).
gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re—to thank a person (in words).
grates agere (dis immortalibus)—to give thanks to heaven.
gratiam mereri—to merit thanks; to do a thankworthy action.
par pari referre—to return like for like.
paria paribus respondere—to return like for like.
bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre—to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for.
benefacta maleficiis pensare—to return evil for good.
maleficia benefactis remunerari—to return good for evil.
pro maleficiis beneficia reddere—to return good for evil.
[1]animusis used similarly in several periphrases to express abstract qualities—e.g.animus inexorabilis= inflexibility, severity;animus implacabilis= implacability;animus (fides) venalis= venality. Cf.simplices mores, simplex natura, ratio, genus= simplicity (simplicitasis post-Augustan and usually = frankness, candour).immemor ingenium= forgetfulness (oblivioin this sense is not classical).
bene, praeclare (melius, optime) mereri[1]de aliquo—to deserve well at some one's hands; to do a service to...
male mereri de aliquo—to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly.
meritum alicuius inorerga aliquem—what a man merits at another's hands.
nullo meo merito—I had not deserved it.
ex, pro merito—according to a man's deserts.
multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere—to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing.
multum alicui tribuere—to value, esteem a person.
praemiis (amplissimis, maximis) aliquem afficere[2]—to remunerate (handsomely).
meritum praemium alicui persolvere—to reward a man according to his deserts.
praemium exponereorproponere—(to encourage) by offering a reward.
praemium ponere—to offer a prize (for the winner).
palmam deferre, dare alicui—to award the prize to...
palmam ferre, auferre—to win the prize.
pacta merces alicuius rei—the stipulated reward for anything.
mercede conductum esse—to be hired, suborned.
[1]mereriis a middle verb, and consequently always has an adverb with it.
[2]Notice the numerous phrases of whichafficereis a part—e.g.afficere aliquem admiratione, beneficio, exilio, honore, iniuria, laude, poena, supplicio. Especially important is its passive use—e.g.affici admiratione, to admire;gaudio, voluptate, to rejoice, be pleased;dolore, to be pained, vexed;poena, to suffer punishment.
orare et obsecrare aliquem—to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests.
magno opere, vehementer, etiam atque etiam rogare aliquem—to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests.
precibus aliquem fatigare—to importune with petitions.
supplicibus verbis orare—to crave humbly; to supplicate.
precibus obsequi—to grant a request.
alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse—to accede to a man's petitions.
magnis (infimis) precibus moveri—to be influenced by, to yield to urgent (abject) entreaty.
negare, more stronglydenegare alicui aliquid—to refuse, reject a request.
petenti alicui negare aliquid—to refuse, reject a request.
repudiare, aspernari preces alicuius—to refuse, reject a request.
nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo—I will refuse you nothing.
aliquid ab aliquo impetrare—to gain one's point with any one.
optata mihi contingunt—my wishes are being fulfilled.
voluntati alicuius satisfacere, obsequi—to satisfy a person's wishes.
ex sententia—as one would wish; to one's mind.
aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi(vid.sect. VI. 11., noteProsequi...)—to wish prosperity to an undertaking.
bene id tibi vertat!—I wish you all success in the matter.
mandatum, negotium alicui dare—to entrust a matter to a person; to commission.
negotium ad aliquem deferre—to entrust a matter to a person; to commission.
mandatum exsequi, persequi, conficere—to execute a commission.
iussa(usually only in plur.),imperata facere—to carry out orders
amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere—to form a friendship with any one.
amicitiam colere—to keep up, foster a connection.
uti aliquo amico—to be friendly with any one.
estorintercedit mihi cum aliquo amicitia—I am on good terms with a person.
suntorintercedunt mihi cum aliquo inimicitiae[1]—I am on bad terms with a person.
uti aliquo familiariter—to be on very intimate terms with...
artissimo amicitiae vinculoorsumma familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse—to be bound by the closest ties of friendship.
vetustate amicitiae coniunctum esse—to be very old friends.
amicitiam alicuius appetere—to court a person's friendship.
in amicitiam alicuius recipi—to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with.
ad alicuius amicitiam se conferre, se applicare—to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with.
aliquem (tertium) ad (in) amicitiam ascribere—to admit another into the circle of one's intimates.
amicitiam renuntiare—to renounce, give up a friendship.
amicitiam dissuere, dissolvere, praecīdere—to renounce, give up a friendship.
amicissimus meusormihi—my best friend.
homo intimus, familiarissimus mihi—my most intimate acquaintance.
inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo—to be at enmity with a man.
inimicitias cum aliquo suscipere—to make a person one's enemy.
inimicitias deponere—to lay aside one's differences.
aequi iniqui—friend and foe.
placare aliquem alicuiorin aliquem—to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.
reconciliare alicuius animumor simplyaliquem alicui—to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.
in gratiam aliquem cum aliquo reducere—to reconcile two people; to be a mediator.
in gratiam cum aliquo redire—to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel.
sibi aliquem, alicuius animum reconciliareorreconciliari alicui—to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel.
[1]The singularinimicitiais only used to express the abstract idea "enmity".
magna auctoritate esse—to possess great authority; to be an influential person.
auctoritate valereorflorere—to possess great authority; to be an influential person.
magna auctoritas est in aliquo—to possess great authority; to be an influential person.
multum auctoritate valere, posse apud aliquem—to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.
magna auctoritas alicuius est apud aliquem—to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.
alicuius auctoritas multum valet apud aliquem—to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight.
auctoritatemordignitatem sibi conciliare, parare—to gain dignity; to make oneself a person of consequence.
ad summam auctoritatem pervenire—to attain to the highest eminence.
auctoritatem alicuius amplificare(opp.imminuere, minuere)—to increase a person's dignity.
auctoritati, dignitati alicuius illudere—to insult a person's dignity.
dignitas est summa in aliquo—to be in a dignified position.
summa dignitate praeditum esse—to be in a dignified position.
aliquid alienum (a) dignitate suaor merelya se ducere—to consider a thing beneath one's dignity.
aliquid infra se ducereorinfra se positum arbitrari—to consider a thing beneath one's dignity.
laudem tribuere, impertire alicui—to praise, extol, commend a person.
laude afficere aliquem—to praise, extol, commend a person.
(maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquemoraliquid—to praise, extol, commend a person.
eximia laude ornare aliquem—to praise, extol, commend a person.
omni laude cumulare aliquem—to overwhelm with eulogy.
laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere—to extol, laud to the skies.
alicuius laudes praedicare—to spread a person's praises.
aliquem beatum praedicare—to consider happy.
omnium undique laudem colligere—to win golden opinions from every one.
maximam ab omnibus laudem adipisci—to win golden opinions from every one.
aliquid laudi alicui ducere, dare—to consider a thing creditable to a man.
aliquem coram, in osorpraesentem laudare—to praise a man to his face.
recte, bene fecisti quod...—you were right in...; you did right to...
res mihi probatur—a thing meets with my approval.
res a me probatur—I express my approval of a thing.
hoc in te reprehendo(notob eam rem)—I blame this in you; I censure you for this.
vituperationem subire—to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed.
in vituperationem, reprehensionem cadere, incidere, venire—to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed.
exprobrare alicui aliquid—to reproach a person with...
aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere—to reproach a person with...
conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re—to expostulate with a person about a thing.
rumor, fama, sermo estormanat—report says; people say.
rumor, fama viget—a rumour is prevalent.
fama serpit (per urbem)—a report is spreading imperceptibly.
rumor increbrescit—a report, an impression is gaining ground.
rumorem spargere—to spread a rumour.
famam dissipare—to spread a rumour.
dubii rumores afferuntur ad nos—vague rumours reach us.
auditione et fama accepisse aliquid—to know from hearsay.
fando aliquid audivisse—to know from hearsay.
ex eo audivi, cum diceret—I heard him say...
vulgo dicitur, pervulgatum est—every one says.
in ore omniumoromnibus(hominumorhominibus, but onlymihi, tibi, etc.)esse—to be in every one's mouth.
per omnium ora ferri—to be in every one's mouth.
in ore habere aliquid(Fam. 6. 18. 5)—to harp on a thing, be always talking of it.
efferreoredere aliquid in vulgus—to divulge, make public.
foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare—to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things).
in sermonem hominum venire—to be a subject for gossip.
in ora vulgi abire—to be a subject for gossip.
fabulam fieri—to be the talk of the town, a scandal.
nuntio allatooraccepto—on receiving the news.
Romam nuntiatum est, allatum est—news reached Rome.
certiorem facere aliquem(alicuius reiorde aliqua re)—to inform a person.
mentionem facere alicuius reiorde aliqua re[1]—to mention a thing.
mentionem inicere de aliqua reor Acc. c. Inf.—to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
in mentionem alicuius rei incidere—to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
mentio alicuius rei incidit—to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
[1]Notcommemorare, the fundamental meaning of which is "to make a person mindful of...," and implies an emphatic reference to a definite point.
gloriam, famam sibi comparare—to gain distinction.
gloriam (immortalem) consequi, adipisci—to win (undying) fame.
gloriae, laudi esse—to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.
laudem afferre—to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.
gloria, laude florere—to be very famous, illustrious.
summa gloria florere—to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence.
clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari(not the post-classicalclarescereorinclarescere—to become famous, distinguish oneself.
gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire—to become famous, distinguish oneself.
aliquem immortali gloria afficere—to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.
aliquem sempiternae gloriae commendare—to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.
immortalitatem consequi, adipisci, sibi parere—to attain eternal renown.
gloria duci—to be guided by ambition.
laudis studio trahi—to be guided by ambition.
laudem, gloriam quaerere—to be guided by ambition.
stimulis gloriae concitari—to be spurred on by ambition.
gloriae, laudis cupiditate incensum esse, flagrare—to be consumed by the fires of ambition.
de gloria, fama alicuius detrahere—to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
alicuius gloriaeor simplyalicui obtrectare—to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
alicuius famam, laudem imminuere—to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
obscurare alicuius gloriam, laudem, famam[1](notobscurare aliquem)—to render obscure, eclipse a person.
famae servire, consulere—to have regard for one's good name.
famam ante collectam tueri, conservare—to live up to one's reputation.
bene, male audire (ab aliquo)—to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.
bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo—to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.
famam crudelitatis subire(Catil. 4. 6. 12)—to gain the reputation of cruelty.
infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere—to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.
infamem facere aliquem—to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.
magnam sui famam relinquere—to leave a great reputation behind one.
opinionem virtutis habere—to have the reputation of virtue.
existimatio[2]hominum, omnium—the common opinion, the general idea.
[1]In the same way, to improve a man,alicuius mores corrigere(notaliquem c.); to understand some one,alicuius orationemorquid dicat intellegere.
[2]existimatiohas two uses: (1) active—opinion held by others, criticism; (2) passive—reputation, character, usually in a good sense, consequently = good reputation without the addition ofbona, integra, etc.