rationis participem(opp.expertem)esse—to be endowed with reason.
ratione praeditum esse, uti—to be endowed with reason.
prudenter, considerate, consilio agere(opp.temere, nullo consilio, nulla ratione)—to act reasonably, judiciously.
sapere(Off. 2. 14. 48)—to be a man of sense, judgment.
resipiscere(Att. 4. 5. 2)—to recover one's reason, be reasonable again.
ad sanitatem reverti, redire—to recover one's reason, be reasonable again.
ad bonam frugem se recipere—to recover one's reason, be reasonable again.
ad sanitatem adducere, revocare aliquem—to bring some one back to his senses.
satin (= satisne) sanus es?—are you in your right mind?
rationi repugnare—to be contrary to all reason.
conscientia recta, recte facti (factorum), virtutis, bene actae vitae, rectae voluntatis—a good conscience.
mens bene sibi conscia—a good conscience.
conscientia malaorpeccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti—a guilty conscience.
animus male sibi conscius—a guilty conscience.
nullius culpae sibi conscium esse—to be conscious of no ill deed.
conscientia morderi(Tusc. 4. 20. 45)—to be conscience-stricken.
conscientiae maleficiorum stimulant aliquem—his guilty conscience gives him no rest.
conscientia mala angi, excruciari—to be tormented by remorse.
(mens scelerum furiis agitatur)—to be tormented by remorse.
conscientia recte factorum erigi—to congratulate oneself on one's clear conscience.
Furiae agitant et vexant aliquem—the Furies harass and torment some one.
modum tenere, retinere[1], servare, adhibere—to observe moderation, be moderate.
omnia modice agere—to be moderate in all things, commit no excess.
modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui reioralicuius rei—to set a limit to a thing.
modum transire—to pass the limit.
extra modum prodire—to pass the limit.
ultra modum[2]progredi—to pass the limit.
metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re—to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion.
dirigereorreferre aliquid ad aliquam rem—to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion.
fines certos terminosque constituere—to impose fixed limitations.
terminis circumscribere aliquid—to set bounds to a thing, limit it.
moderatum, continentem esse—to behave with moderation.
moderatum se praebere—to behave with moderation.
temperantia uti—to behave with moderation.
moderationem, modum adhibere in aliqua re—to show moderation in a matter.
moderari aliquid(Flacc. 5. 12)—to show moderation in a matter.
modice ac sapienter—with moderation and judgment.
sine modo; nullo modo adhibito—with no moderation.
extra, praeter modum—beyond all measure.
mediocritatem tenere(Off. 1. 25. 89)—to observe the golden mean.
[1]In the original book isretineri. I transcribed this asretinere, following the Latin text of the French edition (Phraséologie Latine, translatation by Charles Pascal, 5th ed., 1942, Librairie C. Klincksieck, p. 212).
[2]Only Livy and subsequent writers usemodum excedere, and in the same waysupra modum.
homo bene (male) moratus—a moral (immoral) man.
homo perditus—a depraved, abandoned character.
praecepta de moribusorde virtute—moral precepts.
morum praecepta tradere alicui—to give moral advice, rules of conduct.
de virtute praecipere alicui—to give moral advice, rules of conduct.
mores corruptiorperditi—moral corruption (notcorruptela morum).
tam perditisorcorruptis moribus—amongst such moral depravity.
mores in dies magis labuntur(also withad, e.g.ad mollitiem)—immorality is daily gaining ground.
severus morum castigator—a stern critic of morals.
aliquid abhorret a meis moribus(opp.insitum \[atque innatum\] est animoorin animo alicuius)—something is contrary to my moral sense, goes against my principles.
consilia et facta(cf. sect. X. 1, noteFor "thoughts and deeds"...)—thought and deed.
institutum tenere—to remain true to one's principles.
ratione; animi quodam iudicio—on principle.
vitae ratio bene ac sapienter instituta—a sound and sensible system of conduct.
meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae(Imp. Pomp. 1. 1.)—the principles which I have followed since I came to man's estate.
certas rationes in agendo[1]sequi—to follow fixed principles of conduct.
omnia temere agere, nullo iudicio uti—to have no principles.
caeco impetu ferri—to have no principles.
natura et mores; vita moresque; indoles animi ingeniique; or simplyingenium, indoles, natura, mores—character.
vir constans, gravis(opp.homo inconstans, levis)—a man of character, with a strong personality.
sibi constare, constantem esse—to be consistent.
animo mobili esse(Fam. 5. 2. 10)—to be inconsistent, changeable.
aliquid est proprium alicuius—something is a characteristic of a man.
mobilitas et levitas animi—inconsistency; changeability.
[1] Do not translate "to act, behave, conduct oneself" byagerewithout an object or an accompanying adverb, e.g.bene, recte agere; however, with the gerundive the adverb may be omitted, e.gagendum est, tempus agendi, celeritas in agendo.
numen (deorum) divinum—the sovereign power of the gods.
dei propitii(opp.irati)—the favour of heaven.
superi; inferi—the gods of the upper, lower world.
inferi(OrcusandTartarusonly poetical)—the world below.
ad inferos descendere—to descend to the world below.
apud inferos esse—to be in the lower world.
aliquem ab inferisora mortuis evocare, excitare(passiveab inferis exsistere)—to summon some one from the dead.
deos sancte, pie venerari—to be an earnest worshipper of the gods.
deum rite (summa religione) colere—to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly).
cultus dei, deorum(N. D. 2. 3. 8)—worship of the gods; divine service.
sacra, res divinae, religiones, caerimoniae—ritual; ceremonial.
rebus divinis interesse(B. G. 6. 13)—to take part in divine service (of the priest).
sacris adesse—to be present at divine service (of the people).
sacris initiari(Quintil. 12. 10. 14)—to be initiated into the mysteries of a cult.
templa deorum adire—to make a pilgrimage to the shrines of the gods.
numerum deorum obtinere(N. D. 3. 20)—to be regarded as a god.
aliquem in deorum numerum referre, reponere—to deify a person.
aliquem in deorum numero referre—to consider as a god.
aliquem divino honere colere—to pay divine honours to some one.
alicui divinos honores tribuere, habere—to pay divine honours to some one.
propius ad deos accedere(Mil. 22. 59)—to approach the gods.
supera et caelestia; humana et citerioria—heavenly things; earthly things.
divinitus(De Or. 1. 46. 202)—by divine inspiration (often = marvellously, excellently).
divinitus accidit—it happened miraculously.
imbuere(vid.sect. VII. 7, noteimbuere...)pectora religione[1]—to inspire with religious feeling, with the fear of God.
audientium animos religione perfundere(Liv. 10. 388)—to fill the souls of one's audience with devotion.
religionem ex animis extrahere(N. D. 1. 43. 121)—to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others.
omnem religionem tollere, delere—to annihilate all religious feeling.
religionem labefactare(vid.sect. V. 7, noteIn Latin metaphor...)—to shake the foundations of religion.
religione obstrictos habere multitudinis animos(Liv. 6. 1. 10)—to have power over the people by trading on their religious scruples.
religionem alicui afferre, inicere, incutere—to inspire some one with religious scruples.
aliquid religioni habereorin religionem vertere—to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing.
aliquid in religionem alicui venit—to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing.
nulla religio—absence of scruples, unconscientiousness.
religionem externam suscipere—to embrace a strange religion.
novas religiones instituere—to introduce a new religion, a new cult.
bellum pro religionibus susceptum—a religious war.
violatas caerimonias inexpiabili religione sancire(Tusc. 1. 12. 27)—to invoke an irrevocable curse on the profanation of sacred rites.
iusiurandum dare alicui[2]—to swear an oath to a person.
ex animi mei sententia iuro—I swear on my conscience.
iureiurando aliquem astringere—to bind some one by an oath.
iureiurando aliquem adigere—to make some one take an oath.
iureiurando ac fide se obstringere, ut—to promise an oath to...
iureiurando teneri(Off. 3. 27. 100)—to be bound by oath.
iusiurandum (religionem) servare, conservare—to keep one's oath.
periurium facere; peierare—to commit perjury, perjure oneself.
iusiurandum violare—to break one's oath.
[1]religio(original meaning probably that which binds down, cf.religo, leges, lictor, etc.) denotes, subjectively, religious feeling, devotion, fear of God, religious scruple, conscientiousness. Objectively it means the object of religious fear, a sacred thing or place, also that which is contrary to the gods' will, a crime, sin, curse; lastly in an active sense a religious obligation, an oath.
[2]sacramentum dicere alicuiandapud aliquem= to take in some one's presence an oath to the standard, a military oath.
opinio dei—belief in god.
deum esse credimus—we believe in the existence of a God.
deos esse negare—to deny the existence of the gods.
insitas (innatas) dei cognitiones habere(N. D. 1. 17. 44)—to have innate ideas of the Godhead; to believe in the Deity by intuition.
omnibus innatum est et in animo quasi insculptum esse deum—belief in God is part of every one's nature.
natura in omnium animis notionem dei impressit(N. D. 1. 16. 43)—Nature has implanted in all men the idea of a God.
impietas—unbelief.
qui deum esse negat—an atheist.
superstitio mentes occupavit(Verr. 4. 51. 113)—superstition has taken possession of their souls.
superstitione imbutum esse—to be tinged with superstition.
superstitione teneri, constrictum esse, obligatum esse—to be the slave of superstition.
superstitionem funditus tollere—to absolutely annihilate superstition.
superstitionem radicitusorpenitus evellere—to destroy superstition root and branch.
formidines—superstitious fears; phantoms.
precari aliquid a deo—to pray to God.
precari deum, deos—to pray to God.
supplicare deo(Sall. Iug. 63. 1)—to pray to God.
adhibere deo preces—to pray to God.
praeire verba (carmen)(Liv. 31. 17)—to read prayers for the congregation to repeat.
(supinas) manus[1]ad caelum tendere—to raise the hands to heaven (attitude of prayer).
favete ore, linguis=εὐφημειτε—maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word).
preces facere—to pray.
grates, laudes agere dis immortalibus—to thank, glorify the immortal gods.
testari deos(Sull. 31. 86)—to call the gods to witness.
contestari deos hominesque—to call gods and men to witness.
dis bene iuvantibus(Fam. 7. 20. 2)—with the help of the gods.
quod deus bene vertat![2]—and may God grant success!
quod di immortales omen avertant!(Phil. 44. 11)—and may heaven avert the omen! heaven preserve us from this!
quod abominor! (procul absit!)—God forbid!
di prohibeant, di meliora!—heaven forfend!
quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit—may heaven's blessing rest on it.
precari alicui bene (male)oromnia bona (mala), salutem—to bless (curse) a person.
vota facere, nuncupare, suscipere, concipere—to make a vow.
vota solvere, persolvere, reddere—to accomplish, pay a vow.
voti damnari, compotem fieri—to have to pay a vow; to obtain one's wish.
[1]supinus=ὕπτιος, bent backwards;supinae manus, with the palms turned up. The opposite ofsupinusispronus, e.g.puerum imponere equo pronum in ventrem, postea sedentem(Varr.);pecora quae natura prona finxit(Sall.)
[2]Note that these clauses withquodare parenthetical.
[3]Sometimes abbreviated q. b. f. f. f. s.
sacra, sacrificium facere (ἱερὰ ῥέζειν), sacrificare—to sacrifice.
rem divinam facere (dis)—to sacrifice.
ture et odoribus incensis—with incense and perfumes.
rebus divinis (rite) perpetratis—after having performed the sacrifice (with due ritual).
sacrificium statum (solemne)(Tusc. 1. 47. 113)—a periodically recurring (annual) sacrifice.
sacra polluere et violare—to profane sacred rites.
victimas(oxen),hostias(smaller animals, especially sheep)immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare—to slaughter victims.
deos placare(B. G. 6. 15)—to appease the anger of the gods.
manes expiare(Pis. 7. 16)—to appease the manes, make sacrifice for departed souls.
pro victimis homines immolare—to sacrifice human victims.
parentare(Leg. 2. 21. 54)—to make a sacrifice on the tomb of one's ancestors.
libare—to offer libations.
diem festum agere(of an individual)—to keep, celebrate a festival.
diem festum celebrare(of a larger number)—to keep, celebrate a festival.
supplicationem indicere ad omnia pulvinaria(Liv. 27. 4)—to proclaim a public thanksgiving at all the street-shrines of the gods.
supplicationem quindecim dierum decernere(Phil. 14. 14. 37)—to decree a public thanksgiving for fifteen days.
supplicationem habere(Liv. 22. 1. 15)—to celebrate a festival of thanksgiving.
lectisternium facere, habere(Liv. 22. 1. 18)—to hold a lectisternium.
oraculum consulere—to consult an oracle.
oraculum petere (ab aliquo)—to ask for an oracular response.
mittere Delphos consultum—to send and consult the oracle at Delphi.
oraculum dare, edere—to give an oracular response.
responsum dare(vid.sect. VIII. 5, noteNote to answer...),respondere—to give an oracular response.
oraculum Pythium (Pythicum)—an oracle given by the Delphian Apollo (Apollo Pythius).
vox Pythia (Pythica)(Liv. 1. 56)—an oracle given by the Delphian Apollo (Apollo Pythius).
prodigia procurare[1](Liv. 22. 1)—to avert by expiatory sacrifices the effect of ominous portents.
libros Sibyllinos adire, consulere, inspicere—to consult the Sibylline books.
augurium agere,[2]auspicari(N. D. 2. 4. 11)—to take the auspices, observe the flight of birds.
de caelo servare(Att. 4. 3. 3)—to observe the sky (i.e.the flight of birds, lightning, thunder, etc.)
aves (alites, oscines)[3]addīcunt alicui(opp.abdicunt aliquid)—the omens are favourable to some one.
augures obnuntiant (consuli)(Phil. 2. 33. 83)—the augurs announce an unfavourable sign.
auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere)—after having duly taken the auspices.
omen accipere(opp.improbare)—to accept as a happy omen.
accipere, vertere aliquid in omen—to interpret something as an omen.
faustis ominibus—with favourable omens.
omen infaustum, triste—an evil omen; presage of ill.
[1]procurare, a technical term of religious ceremonial = to avert by expiation; to take the necessary measures, observe the proper ceremony for appeasing the anger of the gods.
[2] Notauspicia habere, which means to have the right to take the auspices. As this right was usually combined with the right to command, we find such phrases asponere auspicia, to give up a command;imperio auspicioque alicuius, auspiciis alicuius, under some one's command.
[3] In the science of augury,alitesdenoted birds which gave omens by their flight;oscinesthose which gave them by their cries.
domus necessariis rebus instructa—a comfortably-furnished house.
domus ruina[1]impendet—the house threatens to fall in (vid.sect. X. 5, note"Threaten"...).
domus collapsura, corruitura (esse) videtur—the house threatens to fall in (vid.sect. X. 5, note"Threaten"...).
domus subita ruina collapsa est—the house suddenly fell in ruins.
domum demoliri(Top. 4. 22)—to demolish, raze a house.
domus non omnes capit[2](χωρειν)—the house is not large enough for all.
domum frequentare(Sall. Cat. 14. 7)—to be a regular visitor at a house.
domus rimas agit—the house walls are beginning to crack.
apud eum sic fui tamquam domi meae(Fam. 13. 69)—I felt quite at home in his house.
apud aliquem esse—to be at some one's house.
tectum subire—to enter the house.
tecto, (in) domum suam aliquem recipere(opp.prohibere aliquem tecto, domo)—to welcome to one's house (opp. to shut one's door against some one).
domo pedem non efferre—to never set foot out of doors.
pedem limine efferre—to cross the threshold.
foras exire(Plaut. Amph. 1. 2. 35)—to go out of the house.
foras mittere aliquem—to turn some one out of the house.
in publico—in the streets.
in publicum prodire(Verr. 2. 1. 31)—to show oneself in the streets, in public.
publico carere, se abstinere—to never appear in public.
domi se tenere—to never appear in public.
deducere[3]aliquem de domo—to escort a person from his house.
pro aris[4]et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare—to fight for hearth and home.
domi(opp.foris)—at home; in one's native country.
ostium, fores pulsare—to knock at the door.
ostium, fores aperire, claudere—to open, shut the door.
fores obserare—to bolt the door.
ianuam effringere, revellere—to burst open the door.
valvas (portam) obstruere—to barricade a door (a city-gate).
[1]ruina= fall, overthrow (metaphor. e.g.ruina rei publicae, ruinae fortunarum,Catil. 1. 6. 14). In plur. it is used of the ruins, débris resulting from an overthrow, e.g.urbs strata ruinis, a town in ruins;fumantes ruinae urbis. For "ruins" in the sense of remains of old buildings useparietinae.
[2]Also metaph. e.g.Macedonia te no capit.
[3]Notice toodeducere coloniam;deducere naves, to launch ships, opposed tosubducere= to beach a boat;deducere adulescentes ad virum clarissimum(De Am. 1. 1);deducere de sententia aliquem;rem in eum locum deducere, ut...;de capite deducere(opp.addere)quod pernumeratum est= to subtract from the capital the amount paid;deducere aliquem, to escort a person from his province to Rome.
[4]At Rome there were altars not only in the temples but also in the streets and in private houses. In a house there were usually two—one in the court, the altar of thePenates; another in theatriumon a small hearth (focus), this was the altar of theLares. Hencearae focique= the altars and hearths of theLaresandPenates.
rem domesticam, familiarem administrare, regere, curare—to keep house.
remoropes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse—to possess means, to be well off.
opibus, divitiis, bonis, facultatibus abundare—to be very rich.
rem bene (male) gerere[1](vid.sect. XVI. 10a)—to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill.
rem familiarem tueri—to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill.
rem familiarem neglegere—to neglect, mismanage one's household matters.
diligentem, frugi esse—to be economical.
diligens paterfamilias—a careful master of the house.
frugi[2](opp.nequam)servus—a good, useful slave.
severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere(De Sen. 11. 37)—to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household.
in possessionem alicuius rei venire—to come into the possession of something.
in possessionem alicuius rei invadere—to take forcible possession of a thing.
expellere aliquem domo, possessionibus pellere—to turn a person out of his house, his property.
demovere, deicere aliquem de possessione—to dispossess a person.
exturbare aliquem omnibus fortunis, e possessionibus—to drive a person out of house and home.
evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis—to drive a person out of house and home.
possessione alicuius rei cedere alicui(Mil. 27. 75)—to give up a thing to some one else.
res, quae moveri possunt; res moventes[3](Liv. 5. 25. 6)—movable, personal property.
fundi—property in land; real property.
[1]rem gerere= generally to manage one's affairs. Then specially—(1) to do business (of commercial men); (2) to administer one's estate; (3) to hold a command (of a general in the field).res gerereplur. = to carry out, accomplish undertakings, used specially of political activity.
[2]frugiis an old case-form (either locative or dative) from an obsolete nominativefrux. Cf.bonae frugi esse, to be useful;ad bonam frugem se recipere, to come to one's senses (Cael. 12. 28).
[3]res moventes;movereis apparently sometimes used intransitively, e.g.terra movet(Liv. 35. 40; 40. 59), but heremoventesis probably the participle of the middlemoveri(cf.res quaemoveripossunt). For parallel examples of a middle verb with a participle present or a gerundive cf.Fin. 2. 10. 31utra voluptate stante an movente?Suet. Claud. 28lecticam per urbem vehendi ius;Or. 2. 71. 287ceteris in campo exercentibus, etc.
habitare[1]in domo alicuius, apud aliquem(Acad. 2. 36. 115)—to live in some one's house.
domicilium (sedem ac domicilium) habere in aliquo loco—to dwell in a certain place.
sedem collocare alicubi(Rep. 2. 19. 34)—to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere.
sedem ac domicilium (fortunas suas) constituere alicubi—to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere.
considere alicubi(Att. 5. 14. 1)—to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere.
multitudinem in agris collocare—to settle a large number of people in a country.
domo emigrare(B. G. 1. 31)—to emigrate.
domo profugus(Liv. 1. 1)—homeless.
induere vestem(withoutsibi)—to dress oneself.
vestem mutare(opp.ad vestitum suum redire) (Planc. 12. 29)—to go into mourning.
vestimenta (et calceos) mutare—to change one's clothes (and shoes).
vestitus obsoletus, tritus—cast-off clothing.
vestis stragulaor simplyvestis—drapery.
togatus,[2]palliatus—with a toga, cloak on.
pannis obsitus—in rags
paludatus, sagatus—in a military cloak (paludamentum, of a general;sagum, of soldiers).
togam virilem (puram) sumere—to assume thetoga virilis.
vestem ponere[3](exuere)—to undress.
[1]habitare locumis not used,locus habitaturis. On the other hand, we findincolere Asiam, etc., or with preps.cis, trans, inter, prope, circum—incolerebeing used intransitively, e.g.B. G. 1. 1. 4Germani qui trans Rhenum incolunt.incolereis used of a number of people,habitareof individuals.
[2]togatus= a Roman citizen as opposed to—(1) a foreigner, (2) a soldier, (3)tunicatus, which is used of the lower classes who actually had notogabut simplytunica, cf.Hor. Ep. 1. 7. 65tunicatus popellus.
[3]vestem deponere= to give up wearing a garment, never use it again. Notice tooponere arma, to put down one's weapons;ponere librum (de manibus), to lay aside a book (notdeponere, which would mean to lay aside for good. Cf. viii. 9).
cibum sumere, capere—to take food.
cibum concoquere, conficere—to digest food.
multi cibi esse, edacem esse—to be a great eater.
cibum apponere, ponere alicui—to set food before a person.
corpus curare (cibo, vino, somno)—to refresh oneself, minister to one's bodily wants.
ventri deditum esse—to be the slave of one's appetite.
cibo se abstinere—to abstain from all nourishment.
ieiunium servare—to fast.
tantum cibi et potionis adhibere quantum satis est—to take only enough food to support life.
cibus delicatus—delicacies.
panis cibarius—ordinary bread.
vino deditum esse, indulgere—to be given to drink.
potare—to drink to excess; to be a drunkard.
alicui bibere dare[1]—to give some one to drink.
alicui bibere ministrare—to serve some one with drink.
propīno tibi hoc (poculum, salutem)—I drink your health.
bene tibiorte!—your health!
inter pocula—whilst drinking; at table.
exhaurire poculum—to empty a cup at a draught.
[1]These formsdare bibere, etc., are not Graecisms but old usages which have survived in conversational language. For the infinitive (the dative of the verbal noun) used in this way compareVerg. Aen. 1. 527non nos aut ferro Libycos populare penates venimus;Plaut. Bacc. iv. 3. 18parasitus modo venerat aurum petere.
victus cotidianus—daily bread.
victus tenuis(Fin. 2. 28. 90)—meagre diet.
res ad vitam necessariae—the necessaries of life.
quae ad victum pertinent—the necessaries of life.
res ad victum cultumque necessariae—things indispensable to a life of comfort.
vitae commoditas iucunditasque—comfort
omnes ad vitam copias suppeditare alicui—to provide some one with a livelihood.
quae suppeditant ad victum(Off. 1. 4. 12)—a livelihood.
copiae cotidianis sumptibus suppetunt(vid.sect. IV. 2, notesuppeditare...)—his means suffice to defray daily expenses.
victum aliqua re quaerere—to earn a livelihood by something.
vivere carne, piscibus, rapto(Liv. 7. 25)—to live on meat, fish, by plunder.
de suo(opp.alieno)vivere—to live on one's means.
vitam (inopem) tolerare(B. G. 7. 77)—to endure a life of privation.
non habeo, qui (unde) vivam—I have no means, no livelihood.
laute vivere[1](Nep. Chab. 3. 2)—to live well.
[1]Notbene vivere, which is used of leading a moral life.
sumptum facere, insumere in aliquid—to spend money on an object.
sumptus effusi(vid.sect. IX. 2, noteCf. effusa fuga...) orprofusi—prodigal expenditure.
sumptui parcere(Fam. 16. 4)—to incur few expenses.
sumptibus modum statuere—to limit one's expenditure.
sumptum minuere—to retrench.
sumptus perpetui(Off. 2. 12. 42)—current expenses.
sumptus liberales(Off. 2. 12. 42)—munificence.
delicate ac molliter vivere—to live a luxurious and effeminate life.
luxuria diffluere(Off. 1. 30. 106)—to be abandoned to a life of excess.
omnium rerum copia diffluere—to be abandoned to a life of excess.
in luxuriam effundi—to plunge into excesses, a career of excess.
effundere, profundere pecuniam, patrimonium—to squander one's money, one's patrimony.
dissipare rem familiarem (suam)—to squander all one's property.
lacerare bona sua(Verr. 3. 70. 164)—to squander all one's property.
convivium instruere, apparare, ornare (magnifice, splendide)—to prepare, give a feast, dinner.
mensas exquisitissimis epulis instruere(Tusc. 5. 21. 62)—to load the tables with the most exquisite viands.
mensae exstructae—a table bountifully spread.
caput cenae(Fin. 2. 8. 25)—the main dish.
secunda mensa(Att. 14. 6. 2)—the dessert.
ab ovo usque ad mala(proverb.)[1]—from beginning to end.
aliquem vocare, invitare ad cenam—to invite some one to dinner.
promittere (ad cenam)(Off. 3. 14. 58)—to accept an invitiation to dinner.
inter cenam, inter epulas—during dinner; at table.
promittere ad aliquem—to promise to dine with a person.
condicere alicui (ad cenam)—to invite oneself to some one's house for dinner.
adhibere aliquem cenaeorad cenam, convivioorin convivium—to welcome some one to one's table.
cenam alicui apponere—to set a repast before a person.
convivia tempestiva(Arch. 6. 13)—a repast which begins in good time.
accipere aliquem (bene, copiose, laute, eleganter, regio apparatu, apparatis epulis)—to entertain, regale a person.
deverti ad aliquem (ad \[in\] villam)—to go to a man's house as his guest.
deversari apud aliquem(Att. 6. 1. 25)—to stop with a person, be his guest for a short time when travelling.
mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit—my relations with him are most hospitable.
hospitio alicuius uti—to enjoy a person's hospitality.
hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere—to become a friend and guest of a person.
hospitio aliquem accipereorexcipere (domum ad se)—to welcome a man as a guest in one's house.
hospitium renuntiare(Liv. 25. 18)—to sever (previous) hospitable relations.
domus patet, aperta est mihi—I am always welcome at his house.
invitare aliquem tecto ac domoordomum suam(Liv. 3. 14. 5)—to invite some one to one's house.
[1]Lit. "from the egg to the apples," i.e. throughout the dinner; cf.integram famem ad ovum affero(Fam. 9. 20. 1).
vitae societas[1]—social life.
facilitas, faciles mores(De Am. 3. 11)—a sociable, affable disposition.
societatem inire, facere cum aliquo—to associate with some one.
dissipatos homines in (ad) societatem vitae convocare(Tusc. 1. 25. 62)—to unite isolated individuals into a society.
socium se adiungere alicui—to attach oneself to a person's society.
aliquem socium admittere—to admit a person into one's society.
assiduum esse cum aliquo—to be always in some one's company.
uti aliquo (familiariter)—to be on intimate terms with some one.
alicuius familiaritate uti—to be on intimate terms with some one.
usu, familiaritate, consuetudine coniunctum esse cum aliquo—to be on friendly terms with a person.
est mihi consuetudo, orusus cum aliquo—to be on friendly terms with a person.
vivere cum aliquo—to be on friendly terms with a person.
vetus usus inter nos intercedit—we have known each other well for several years.
devincire aliquem consuetudine—to attach a person to oneself.
se dare in consuetudinem alicuius—to devote oneself to a person's society.
se insinuare in consuetudinem alicuius(Fam. 4. 13. 6)—to insinuate oneself into a person's society.
summa necessitudine aliquem contingere—to stand in very intimate relations to some one.
in simultate cum aliquo sum—relations are strained between us.
hominum coetus, congressus fugere—to shun society.
in solitudine vivere(Fin. 3. 20. 65)—to live in solitude.
secum vivere—to live to oneself.
vitam solitariam agere—to live a lonely life.
[1]The adj.socialisin the sense of "sociable" only occurs in late Latin, e.g.homo sociale animal(Sen.)
sermonem conferre,[1]instituere, ordiri cum aliquo—to enter into conversation with some one.
se dare in sermonem cum aliquo—to enter into conversation with some one.
sermonem inferre de aliqua re—to turn the conversation on to a certain subject.
in eum sermonem[2]incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore—to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation.
sermo incidit de aliqua re—the conversation turned on...
in sermonem ingredi—to begin a conversation.
sermo ortus est ab aliqua re—the conversation began with...
sermonem alio transferre—to turn the conversation to another topic.
medium sermonem abrumpere(Verg. Aen. 4. 388)—to break off in the middle of the conversation.
sermonem producere in multam noctem(Rep. 6. 10. 10)—to prolong a conversation far into the night.
sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re(De Am. 1. 3)—to converse, talk with a person on a subject.
hinc sermo ductus est—the conversation began in this way.
sermo inductus a tali exordio—the conversation began in this way.
multus sermo—a long conversation.
narratio, fabula—a narrative, tale, story.
narratiuncula, fabella(Fin. 5. 15)—an anecdote.
haec fabula docet—this fable teaches us (withoutnos).
convenire aliquem—to meet a person (accidentally or intentionally) and talk with him.
congredi cum aliquo—to meet a person by arrangement, interview him.
sui potestatem facere, praebere alicui—to give audience to some one.
colloquendi copiam facere, dare—to give audience to some one.
conveniendi aditum[3]dare alicui—to give audience to some one.
aditum conveniendiorcolloquium[4]petere—to ask a hearing, audience, interview.
(ad colloquium) admitti(B. C. 3. 57)—to obtain an audience of some one.
in congressum alicuius venire—to obtain an audience of some one.
velle aliquem(Plaut. Capt. 5. 2. 24)—to wish to speak to some one.
paucis te volo—a word with you.
tribus verbis te volo—a word with you.
sermo cotidianus, or simplysermo—conversational language.
coram loqui (cum aliquo)—to speak personally to...
commercium loquendi et audiendi—interchange of ideas; conversation.
capita conferre(Liv. 2. 45)—to put our heads together.
remotis arbitrisorsecreto—in private; tête-à-tête.
intra parietes(Brut. 8. 32)—within four walls.
[1]sermonem consererein late Latin.
[2]Distinguish from such phrases asincidere in sermonem (hominum), to become common talk.
[3]audientiais not used in this connection, but only in such phrases asaudientiam facere alicuiororationi alicuius, to listen to a person.[TR1]
[4]colloquiumas opposed tosermomeans an interview specially arranged, usually for transaction of some business.
[TR1]Transcriber's Note: the original text has indeed "to listen to a person". The French edition gives "prêter l'oreille, écouter quelqu'un". Both seem to be wrong because the original German footnote says: "Es ist nicht hierfüraudientiazu gebrauchen, welches Wort nur in der Redensartaudientiam facere alicuioderorationi alicuiuseinem 'Gehör verschaffen', vorkommt." Compare also Lewis & Short, "A Latin Dictionary", entry "audientia".
salutem alicui dicere, impertire, nuntiare—to greet a person.
aliquem salvere iubere(Att. 4. 14)—to greet a person.
quid agis?[1]—how are you?
quid agitur? quid fit?—what is going on? how are you getting on?
Cicero Attico[2]S.D.P. (salutem dicit plurimam)—Cicero sends cordial greetings to Atticus.
tibi plurimam salutem—my best wishes for your welfare.
nuntia fratri tuo salutem verbis meis(Fam. 7. 14)—remember me to your brother.
adscribere alicui salutem(Att. 5. 20. 9)—to add to one's letter good wishes to some one.
salute data (accepta) redditaque—after mutual greeting.
inter se consalutare(De Or. 2. 3. 13)—to exchange greetings.
dextram alicui porrigere, dare—to give one's right hand to some one.
dextram iungere cum aliquo, dextras inter se iungere—to shake hands with a person.
te valere[3]iubeo—I bid you good-bye, take my leave.
valeorcura ut valeas—good-bye; farewell.
bene ambula et redambula—a safe journey to you.
gratulari alicui aliquidorde aliqua re—to congratulate a person on something.
[1]quid agis?is also used as an expression of surprise, "what are you thinking of?"
[2]This and the following phrase only epistolary.
[3]valedicere alicuiis poetical.
filiam alicui despondere—to betroth one's daughter to some one.
sibi (aliquam) despondere(of the man)—to betroth oneself, get engaged.
nuptias conciliare(Nep. Att. 5. 3)—to arrange a marriage.
nuptias parare—to make preparations for a marriage.
condicio (uxoria)(Phil. 2. 38. 99)—a match.
ducere uxorem—to marry (of the man).
ducere aliquam in matrimonium—to marry (of the man).
nubere alicui—to marry (of the woman).
nuptam esse cum aliquooralicui—to be married to some one.
uxorem habere(Verr. 3. 33. 76)—to be a married man.
dotem filiae dare—to give a dowry to one's daughter.
filiam alicui in matrimonioorin matrimonium collocareor simplyfiliam alicui collocare—to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one.
filiam alicui in matrimonium dare—to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one.
filiam alicui nuptum dare—to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one.
nuntium remittere alicui(De Or. 1. 40)—to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman).
repudium dicereorscribere alicui—to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman).
divortium facere cum uxore—to separate from, divorce (of the man).
aliquam suas res sibi habere[1]iubere(Phil. 2. 28. 69)—to separate from, divorce (of the man).
repudium[2]remittere viro(Dig. 24. 3)—to separate (of the woman).
[1]The formula of divorce used by the man wastuas res tibi habeto, cf.Plaut. Trin. 266.
[2]Cicero usesdivortiumnotrepudium.divortium(dis, vertere) is a separation by mutual consent,divortium est, quod in diversas partes eunt, qui discedunt(Paul. Dig. L. 16. 1. 161). Inrepudiumone party takes the initiative, usually the husband. The formula commonly used wastua condicione non utar.