animi affectioorhabitus(De Inv. 2. 5)—humour; disposition.
ita[1]animo affectum esse—to be so disposed.
animos tentare(Cluent. 63. 176)—to try to divine a person's disposition.
animum alicuiusor simplyaliquem flectere—to make a person change his intention.
animi motus, commotio, permotio—the emotions, feelings.
aliqua re moveri, commoveri—to be moved by a thing.
alicuius animum commovere—to touch a person's heart, move him.
alicuius animum pellere—to make an impression on a person's mind.
motus excitare in animo(opp.sedare, exstinguere)—to excite emotion.
commotumorconcitatum esse—to be moved, agitated.
commotum perturbatumque esse—to be greatly agitated.
alicuius mentem turbare, conturbare, perturbare—to upset a person.
quid tibi animi est?—what sort of humour are you in?
[1]But notmagno, laeto,etc.,animo affici.
afficere aliquem gaudio, laetitia—to give pleasure to some one.
afferre alicui laetitiam—to give pleasure to some one.
laetitiam capereorpercipere ex aliqua re—to take pleasure in a thing.
delectari aliqua re—to take pleasure in a thing.
in sinu gaudere(Tusc. 3. 21. 51)—to rejoice in secret.
gaudio perfundi[1]—to be filled with delight.
cumulum gaudii alicui afferre(vid.sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1)—to add the crowning point to a person's joy.
gaudio, laetitia exsultare—to utter cries of joy.
laetitia gestire(Tusc. 4. 6. 13)—to be transported with joy.
effusa[2]laetitia—a transport of joy.
laetitia gestiens—a transport of joy.
gaudio, laetitia efferri—to be beside oneself with joy.
animum alicuius ad laetitiam excitare—to put a man in a pleasurable frame of mind.
nimio gaudio paene desipere—to almost lose one's reason from excess of joy.
doleo aliquid, aliqua re, deandex aliqua re—I am pained, vexed, sorry.
aegre, graviter, moleste fero aliquid(or with Acc. c. Inf. orquod)—I am pained, vexed, sorry.
tuam vicem[3]doleo—I am sorry for you.
dolore affici—to feel pain.
dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re—to be vexed about a thing.
doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli—to feel acute pain.
dolorem alicui facere, afferre, commovere—to cause a person pain.
acerbum dolorem alicui inurere—to cause any one very acute pain.
acer morsus doloris est(Tusc. 2. 22. 53)—the pain is very severe.
dolorem in lacrimas effundere—to find relief in tears.
dolori indulgere—to give way to grief.
dolor infixus animo haeret(Phil. 2. 26)—grief has struck deep into his soul.
dolore confici, tabescere—to be wasted with grief; to die of grief.
dolores remittunt, relaxant—the pain grows less.
dolori resistere—to struggle against grief.
callum obducere[4]dolori(Tusc. 2. 15. 36)—to render insensible to pain.
animus meus ad dolorem obduruit(Fam. 2. 16. 1)—I have become callous to all pain.
dolorem abicere, deponere, depellere—to banish grief.
dolorem alicui eripere(Att. 9. 6. 4)—to free a person from his pain.
cum magno meo dolore—to my sorrow.
[1]gaudio compleri(Fin. 5. 14. 69) is rare in Cicero;gaudio impleridoes not occur. Speaking generally,complere, implere, replere, should not be used of emotions.
[2]Cf.effusa fuga, headlong flight;effusi sumptus, lavish expenditure (Rosc. Am. 24. 68);cursus effusus(Liv. 9. 41. 17).
[3]vicemwith a genitive or a possessive pronoun has the meaning "on account of," "with regard to," especially with verbs expressing the emotions, e.g.doleo, timeo, irascor.
[4]Note tooconsuetudo callum obduxit stomacho meo(Fam. 9. 2. 3), habit has made me callous.callumproperly is the thic nerveless skin which covers the bodies of animals.
in aegritudine, sollicitudine esse—to be vexed, mortified, anxious.
aegritudine, sollicitudine affici—to be vexed, mortified, anxious.
sollicitum esse—to be vexed, mortified, anxious.
nihil omnino curare—not to trouble oneself about a thing.
non laborare de aliqua re—not to trouble oneself about a thing.
aliquid me sollicitat, me sollicitum habet, mihi sollicitudini est, mihi sollicitudinem affert—something harasses me, makes me anxious.
aegritudo exest animum planeque conficit(Tusc. 3. 13. 27)—anxiety gnaws at the heart and incapacitates it.
aegritudine, curis confici—to be wasting away with grief.
aegritudine afflictum, debilitatum esse, iacēre—to be bowed down, prostrated by grief.
aegritudinem alicuius elevare—to comfort another in his trouble.
aliquem aegritudine levare—to comfort another in his trouble.
quieto, tranquillo, securo animo esse—to enjoy peace of mind.
rebus suis, sorte sua contentum esse—to be contented.
satis habeo, satis mihi estc. Inf.—I am content to...
paucis, parvo contentum esse—to be satisfied with a little.
fortunae meae me paenitet[1]—I am discontented with my lot.
non me paenitet, quantum profecerim—I am not dissatisfied with my progress.
in luctu esse(Sest. 14. 32)—to suffer affliction.
in sordibus luctuque iacēre—to be in great trouble, affliction.
mors alicuius luctum mihi attulit—some one's death has plunged me in grief.
in maximos luctus incidere—to be overwhelmed by a great affliction.
magnum luctum haurire(withoutex-)—to undergo severe trouble, trials.
luctum percipere ex aliqua re—to feel sorrow about a thing.
omnem luctum plane abstergere—to banish all sad thoughts.
luctum deponere(Phil. 14. 13. 34)—to lay aside one's grief.
vel maximos luctus vetustate tollit diuturnitas(Fam. 5. 16. 5)—time assuages the most violent grief.
[1]The evidence of inscriptions and the best MSS. seems to point to the derivation ofpaenitet, not frompoena(cf.punire, impunis), but from the root contained inpenes, penetrare, penitus; its original meaning would thus be, "to be touched, affected within, at heart" (Bréal).
timorem, terrorem alicui inicere, more stronglyincutere—to inspire fear, terror.
timor aliquem occupat(B. G. 1. 39)—fear comes upon some one.
in timore esse, versari—to be in fear.
in timorem venire, pervenire—to become frightened.
metus aliquem exanimat(Mil. 24. 65)—a man is paralysed with fear.
exalbescere metu—to grow pale with fear.
metu fractum et debilitatum, perculsum esse—to be completely prostrated by fear.
abicere, omittere timorem—to banish one's fears.
a metu respirare(Cluent. 70. 200)—to recover from one's fright.
ex metu se recreare, se colligere—to recover from one's fright.
respirandi spatium dare—to give time for recovery.
terror incidit alicui—terror, panic seizes some one.
terror invadit in aliquem(rarelyalicui, after Livyaliquem)—terror, panic seizes some one.
in terrorem conicere aliquem—to overwhelm some one with terror.
(animo) angi(Brut. 27)—to be very uneasy; to fret.
cura sollicitat angitque aliquem—anxiety troubles and torments one.
angoribus premi—to be tormented with anxiety.
angoribus confici(Phil. 2. 15. 37)—to be worn out, almost dead with anxiety.
bono animo esse—to be brave, courageous.
bonum animum habere—to be brave, courageous.
animus alicui accedit, crescit—to take courage.
animum capere, colligere—to take courage.
animum recipere(Liv. 2. 50)—to take courage again.
animo forti esse—to be brave by nature.
fortem te praebe—be brave!
alacri et erecto animo esse—to show a brisk and cheerful spirit.
animum facere, addere alicui—to succeed in encouraging a person.
animum alicuius confirmare—to strengthen, confirm a person's courage.
animum alicui augere(B. G. 7. 70)—to increase a person's courage.
animum alicuius redintegrare—to re-inspire courage.
animus frangitur, affligitur, percellitur, debilitatur—their spirits are broken.
animos militum accendere—to fire with courage.
animi cadunt—their courage is ebbing.
animo cadere, deficere—to lose courage; to despair.
animum demittere—to lose courage; to despair.
erigere alicuius animumoraliquem—to encourage a person.
excitare animum iacentem et afflictum(opp.frangere animum)—to inspire the spiritless and prostrate with new vigour.
animo esse humili, demisso(more stronglyanimo esse fracto, perculso et abiecto) (Att. 3. 2)—to be cast down, discouraged, in despair.
inflatum, elatum esse aliqua re—to be proud, arrogant by reason of something.
insolentia, superbia inflatum esse—to be puffed up with pride.
magnos spiritus sibi sumere(B. G. 1. 33)—to be haughty.
spiritus alicuius reprimere—to lower a person's pride.
insolentius se efferre—to behave arrogantly.
elatius se gerere—to give oneself airs.
sibi sumere aliquid(Planc. 1. 3)—to take upon oneself.
contumacius se gerere—to display a proud obstinacy.
libera contumacia Socratis(Tusc. 1. 29. 71)—the frank but defiant demeanour of Socrates (before his judges).
praesenti animo uti(vid.sect. VI. 8, noteuti...)—to possess presence of mind.
aequo (aequissimo) animo ferre aliquid—to endure a thing with (the greatest) sang-froid.
humane, modice, moderate, sapienter, constanter ferre aliquid—to bear a thing with resignation, composure.
(animo) paratum esse ad aliquid—to be resigned to a thing.
omnia perpeti paratum esse—to be ready to endure anything.
ad omnes casus se comparare—to prepare oneself for all contingencies.
animum alicuius de statu, de gradu demovere(more stronglydepellere, deturbare)—to disconcert a person.
de statu suoormentis deici(Att. 16. 15)—to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted.
de gradu deici, ut dicitur[1]—to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted.
perturbari (animo)—to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted.
sui (mentis) compotem non esse—to lose one's head, be beside oneself.
non esse apud se[2](Plaut. Mil. 4. 8. 26)—to lose one's head, be beside oneself.
mente vix constare(Tusc. 4. 17. 39)—to compose oneself with difficulty.
animo adesse(Sull. 11. 33)—to be quite unconcerned.
ad se redire—to regain one's self-possession.
constantiam servare—to be calm, self-possessed.
mente consistere—to be calm, self-possessed.
desperare[3]suis rebus—to despair of one's position.
ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci(B. C. 2. 42)—to be plunged into the depths of despair.
desperatio rerum (omnium)(Catil. 2. 11. 25)—absolute despair; a hopeless situation.
quid (de) me fiet?(Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)—what will become of me?
actum est de me—it's all over with me; I'm a lost man.
[1]These expressions are metaphors from the fencing-school.gradusis the position taken up by a combatant, sogradu depelli, deici= to be driven out of one's ground.
[2]Used especially in the comic poets.
[3]desperareis used, generally withde, more rarely with the accusative, in the meaning "to no longer count upon a thing," e.g.reditum, pacem; or with the dative, especially withsibi, suis rebus, saluti, fortunae suae. Note the use ofdesperatus, "abandoned," "given up," "despaired of," e.g.desperati morbi(Cic.),aegrota ac paene desperata res publica(Cic.)
spem habere—to cherish a hope.
spe duci, niti, teneri—to cherish a hope.
magna me spes tenet(with Acc. c. Inf.) (Tusc. 1. 41. 97)—I have great hopes that...
sperare videor—I flatter myself with the hope...
bene, optime (meliora) sperare de aliquo(Nep. Milt. 1. 1)—to hope well of a person.
in spem venire, ingredi, adduci—to conceive a hope.
spem concipere animo—to conceive a hope.
spem redintegrare(B. G. 7. 25)—to revive a hope.
spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere—to inspire any one with hope.
ad spem aliquem excitare, erigere—to awaken new hope in some one.
in maximam spem aliquem adducere(Att. 2. 22. 3)—to inspire some one with the most brilliant hopes.
in meliorem spem, cogitationem aliquem inducere(Off. 2. 15. 53)—to induce some one to take a brighter view of things.
spem proponere alicui—to lead some one to expect...
spes affulget(Liv. 27. 28)—a ray of hope shines on us.
spem falsam alicui ostendere—to rouse a vain, groundless hope in some one's mind.
spem alicui adimere, tollere, auferre, eripere—to deprive a person of hope.
spem praecīdere, incidere(Liv. 2. 15)—to cut off all hope.
spem perdere—to lose hope.
spe deici, depelli, deturbari—to lose hope.
spes ad irritum cadit, ad irritum redigitur—expectation is overthrown.
spem abicere, deponere—to give up hoping.
inani, falsa spe duci, induci—to be misled by a vain hope.
spes me frustratur—hope has played me false.
spes extenuatur et evanescit—hope is vanishing by degrees.
spem alicuius fallere(Catil. 4. 11. 23)—to deceive a person's hope.
spem alicuioralicuius minuere—to weaken, diminish a person's hope.
spem alicuius confirmare—to strengthen a person in his hopes.
spem alere—to entertain a hope.
spem habere in aliquo—to set one's hope on some one.
spem suam ponere, collocare in aliquo—to set one's hope on some one.
inter spem metumque suspensum animi esse—to hover between hope and fear.
praeter spem, exspectationem—contrary to expectation.
exspectationem[1]sui facere, commovere—to cause oneself to be expected.
exspectationem explere(De Or. 1. 47. 205)—to fulfil expectation.
exspectationi satisfacere, respondere—to respond to expectations.
exspectatione alicuius rei pendēre (animi)(Leg. Agr. 2. 25. 66)—to be in suspense, waiting for a thing.
exspectatione torqueri, cruciari—to suffer torments of expectation, delay.
suspenso animo exspectare aliquid—to be waiting in suspense for...
aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere(Tusc. 1. 17. 39)—to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch.
[1]Att. 1. 4. 5crebras exspectationes tui commoves—i.e. you are leading us to expect your arrival.
misericordiam alicui commovere—to excite some one's pity.
misericordiam alicuius concitare—to excite some one's pity.
ad misericordiam aliquem allicere, adducere, inducere—to arouse feelings of compassion in some one.
misericordia moveri, capi(De Or. 2. 47)—to be touched with pity.
misericordiam implorare—to implore a person's sympathy, pity.
indulgere vitiis alicuius—to be indulgent to a person's faults.
alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei)—to pardon some one.
omnem humanitatem exuisse, abiecisse(Lig. 5. 14)—to be quite insensible to all feelings of humanity.
omnem humanitatis sensum amisisse—to be quite insensible of all feelings to humanity.
omnis humanitatis expertem esse—to be absolutely wanting in sympathy.
omnem humanitatem ex animo exstirpare(Amic. 13. 48)—to stifle, repress all humane sentiments in one's mind.
nullam partem sensus habere—to possess not the least spark of feeling.
crudelitate uti(vid.sect. VI. 8, noteuti...)—to behave with cruelty.
crudelitatem exercere in aliquo—to exercise one's cruelty on some one.
crudelitatem adhibere in aliquem—to exercise one's cruelty on some one.
animadvertere in aliquem—to inflict punishment on a person.
carum habere aliquem—to feel affection for a person.
in amore habere aliquem—to feel affection for a person.
amore prosequi, amplecti aliquem—to feel affection for a person.
carum esse alicui—to be dear to some one.
carum atque iucundum esse alicui—to be dear to some one.
adamasse aliquem(only in Perf. and Plup.) (Nep. Dion 2. 3)—to become devoted to some one.
aliquem toto pectore,[1]ut dicitur, amare(Leg. 18. 49)—to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart.
aliquem ex animoorex animi sententia amare(Q. Fr. 1. 1. 5)—to love deeply.
amore captum, incensum, inflammatum esse, ardere—to be fired with love.
amorem ex animo eicere—to banish love from one's mind.
mel ac deliciae alicuius(Fam. 8. 8. 1)—somebody's darling.
amores et deliciae alicuius—somebody's darling.
in amore et deliciis esse alicui(activein deliciis habere aliquem)—to be some one's favourite.
aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius)(Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)—to love and make a bosom friend of a person.
aliquis, aliquid mihi curaeorcordi[2]est—somebody, something is never absent from my thoughts.
curae habere aliquid—to have laid something to heart; to take an interest in a thing.
nihil antiquiusorprius habeo quam ut(nihil mihi antiquiusorpotius est, quam ut)—there is nothing I am more interested in than...
desiderio alicuius rei teneri, affici(more stronglyflagrare, incensum esse)—to long for a thing, yearn for it.
desiderio exardescere—to be consumed with longing.
admirationi esse—to be admired.
admiratione affici[3]—to be admired.
admirationem habere(Quintil. 8. 2. 6)—to be admired.
magna est admiratio alicuius—some one is the object of much admiration.
admirationem alicui movere—to fill a person with astonishment.
admiratione incensum esse—to be fired with admiration.
admirabilia(=παράδοξα)—paradoxes; surprising things.
studio ardere alicuiusoralicuius rei(De Or. 2. 1. 1)—to have enthusiasm for a person or thing.
studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere—to make some one enthusiastic for a thing.
ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior—enthusiasm.
ardorem animi restinguere—to damp, chill enthusiasm.
ardor animi resēdit, consedit—his enthusiasm has abated, cooled down.
[1]pectusmetaphorically only occurs in isolated phrases, e.g.toto pectore, cogitare, tremere. Its commonest substitute isanimus. Similarlycormetaphorically is only used in the phrasecordi est.
[2]pectusmetaphorically only occurs in isolated phrases, e.g.toto pectore, cogitare, tremere. Its commonest substitute isanimus. Similarlycormetaphorically is only used in the phrasecordi est.
[3]admiratione afficialso means "to be filled with admiration."
fidem[1]habere alicui—to believe a person.
fidem alicuius rei facere alicui—to make some one believe a thing.
fidem tribuere, adiungere alicui rei—to believe in, trust in a thing.
fidem abrogare, derogare alicui—to rob a person of his credit.
fidem alicuius imminuere, infirmare(opp.confirmare)—to weaken, destroy a man's credit.
fiduciam in aliquo ponere, collocare—to put confidence in some one.
confidere alicui(butaliqua re)—to put confidence in some one.
fiduciam (alicuius rei) habere—to have great confidence in a thing.
fiducia sui(Liv. 25. 37)—self-confidence.
committere aliquid alicuioralicuius fidei—to entrust a thing to a person's good faith.
totum se committere, tradere alicui—to put oneself entirely in some one's hands.
fidem colere, servare—to preserve one's loyalty.
fidem praestare alicui—to keep faith with a person, keep one's word.
in fide manere(B. G. 7. 4. 5)—to remain loyal.
fidem laedere, violare, frangere—to break one's word.
fidem alicuius labefactare(Cluent. 60. 194)—to make a person waver in his loyalty.
de fide deducereora fide abducere aliquem—to undermine a person's loyalty.
fide data et accepta(Sall. Iug. 81. 1)—having exchanged pledges, promises.
se conferre, se tradere, se permittere in alicuius fidem—to put oneself under some one's protection.
confugere ad aliquem, ad fidem alicuius—to flee for refuge to some one.
in fidem recipere aliquem(B. G. 2. 15. 1)—to take a person under one's protection.
fidem alicuius obsecrare, implorare—to implore some one's protection.
fidem addere alicui rei—to confirm, ratify, sanction something.
fidem publicam dare, interponere(Sall. Iug. 32. 1)—to guarantee the protection of the state; to promise a safe-conduct.
fidem dare alicui(opp.accipere) (c. Acc. c. Inf.)—to give one's word that...
fidem servare(opp.fallere)—to keep one's word (nottenere).
fidem persolvere—to fulfil a promise.
fidem (promissum) praestare—to fulfil a promise.
fidem interponere(Sall. Iug. 32. 5)—to pledge one's word to...
fidem prodere—to break one's word.
fidem frangere—to break one's word.
promisso stare—to abide by one's undertaking.
fide obstrictum teneri(Pis. 13. 29)—to be bound by one's word; to be on one's honour.
fidem facere, afferre alicui rei(opp.demere, de-, abrogare fidem)—to make a thing credible.
aliquid fidem habet(vid.alsofidesunder sect. VII., History)—a thing finds credence, is credible.
sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo—to be security for some one.
praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua reor Acc. c. Inf.—to be answerable for a person, a thing.
[1]fideshas six principal meanings. A. subjectively—(1) in an active sense, belief, confidence, which some one holds; (2) passive, veracity, credit which one enjoys; (3) neutral, good faith, sincerity, loyalty, conscientiousness, and especially of the protection which one expects by appealing to a man's loyalty. B. (4) active, ratification, sanction; (5) passive, the thing promised, surety, guarantee; (6) neutral, authenticity, certitude, truth of a thing. Cf.Haacke, Lat Stil. 40-41.
suspicionem movere, excitare, inicere, dare alicui—to rouse a person's suspicions.
suspicionem habere de aliquo—to suspect a person.
suspicionem alicuius rei habere—to be suspected of a thing.
suspicio (alicuius rei) cadit in aliquem, pertinet ad aliquem—a suspicion falls on some one.
aliquem in suspicionem adducere (alicui), aliquem suspectum reddere—to make a person suspected.
in suspicionem vocari, cadere—to become the object of suspicion.
in suspicionem alicui venire—to be suspected by some one.
suspicionem a se removere, depellere, propulsare(Verr. 3. 60. 140)—to clear oneself of a suspicion.
suspicionem ex animo delere—to banish all feeling of prejudice from the mind.
suspicio insidet in animo ejus—he is in a suspicious mood.
suspicio ei penitus inhaeret—he is in a suspicious mood.
suspicio tenuissima, minima—the faintest suspicion.
a suspicione alicuius rei abhorrere—to have no presentiment of a thing.
animus praesāgit malum—my mind forebodes misfortune.
animo praesagio malum—my mind forebodes misfortune.
invisum esse alicui—to be hated by some one.
odio, invidiae esse alicui—to be hated by some one.
in invidia esse alicui—to be hated by some one.
in odio esse apud aliquem—to be hated by some one.
invidia flagrare, premi—to be detested.
in odium, in invidiam venire alicui—to incur a person's hatred.
invidiam colligere (aliqua re)—to incur a person's hatred.
alicuius odium subire, suscipere, in se convertere, sibi conflare—to incur a person's hatred.
in alicuius odium incurrere—to incur a person's hatred.
in invidiam, odium (alicuius) vocare aliquem—to make a person odious, unpopular.
in invidiam adducere aliquem—to make a person odious, unpopular.
invidiam alicui conflare(Catil. 1. 9. 23)—to make a person odious, unpopular.
invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem—to make a person odious, unpopular.
capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo(De Am. 1. 2)—to be separated by a deadly hatred.
odium explere aliqua re(Liv. 4. 32)—to glut one's hatred.
odium implacabile suscipere in aliquem—to conceive an implacable hatred against a man.
odioorinvidia alicuius ardere—to be consumed with hatred.
odium inveteratum habere in aliquem(Vat. 3. 6)—to cherish an inveterate animosity against some one.
odio inflammatum, accensum esse—to be fired with a passionate hatred.
odium alicuius inflammare—to kindle hatred in a person's heart; to fill some one with hatred (notimplere,vid.sect. IX. 2, notegaudio...).
odium restinguere, exstinguere—to stifle, drown one's hatred.
aegre, graviter, moleste, indigne ferre aliquid—to be discontented, vexed at a thing; to chafe.
indignitas, atrocitas rei(Mur. 25. 51)—the revolting nature of an action.
o facinus indignum!(Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)—monstrous!
ira incensum esse—to be fired with rage.
iracundia inflammatum esse—to be fired with rage.
ira ardere(Flacc. 35. 88)—to be fired with rage.
iracundia exardescere, effervescere—to be transported with passion.
iracundia efferri—to be carried away by one's anger.
ira defervescit(Tusc. 4. 36. 78)—his anger cools.
virus acerbitatis suae effundere in aliquem(De Amic. 23. 87)—to vent one's anger, spite on some one.
iram in aliquem effundere—to vent one's anger, spite on some one.
iram, bilem evomere in aliquem—to vent one's anger, spite on some one.
irae indulgere(Liv. 23. 3)—to give free play to one's anger.
praecipitem in iram esse(Liv. 23. 7)—to be short-tempered; to be prone to anger.
animum explere—to cool one's anger.
iracundiam continere, cohibere, reprimere—to restrain, master one's passion.
iram restinguere, sedare—to calm one's anger.
animum alicuius ab iracundia revocare—to prevent some one from growing angry, appease his anger.
stomachum, bilem alicui movere—to excite a person's wrath.
ulcisci aliquem,[1]poenas expetere ab aliquo—to revenge oneself on some one.
ulcisci aliquid, poenas alicuius rei expetere—to revenge oneself for a thing.
ulcisci aliquem pro aliquoorpro aliqua re—to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf.
poenas alicuiusoralicuius rei repetere ab aliquo—to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf.
iniurias persequi(Verr. 2. 3. 9)—to avenge an insult.
impellere aliquem in furorem—to make some one furious.
furore inflammari, incendi—to become furious.
furore incensus, abreptus, impulsus—in a transport of rage.
indignatio aliquem incedit—to be filled with indignation.
indignationes(Liv. 25. 1. 9)—signs of irritation, of discontent.
[1]ulcisci aliquemalso means to avenge some one; to exact satisfaction on his behalf.
vita honesta (turpis)—a virtuous (immoral) life.
honesta expetere; turpia fugere—to follow virtue; to flee from vice.
virtute praeditum, ornatum esse(opp.vitiis obrutum esse)—to be virtuous.
viam virtutis ingredi(Off. 1. 32. 118)—to walk in the ways of virtue.
omnia consilia et facta ad virtutem referre[1](Phil. 10. 10. 20)—to make virtue the standard in every thought and act.
virtutem sequi, virtutis studiosum esse—to strive to attain virtue.
virtutis perfectae perfecto munere fungi(Tusc. 1. 45. 109)—to live a perfect life.
virtutem pristinam retinere—to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever.
nihil ex pristina virtute remittere—to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever.
summum bonum[2]in virtute ponere—to consider virtue the highest good.
virtus hoc habet, ut...—this is a characteristic of virtue, it...
a virtute discedereordeficere—to deviate from the path of virtue.
honestatem deserere—to deviate from the path of virtue.
a maiorum virtute desciscere, degenerare, deflectere—to deteriorate.
a parentibus degenerare—to degenerate (from one's ancestors).
corrumpi, depravari—to be demoralised, corrupted.
excitare aliquem ad virtutem—to rouse in some one an enthusiasm for virtue.
bonitas(Fin. 5. 29. 65)—kindheartedness.
naturae bonitas(Off. 1. 32. 118)—innate goodness, kindness.
naturae bona—natural advantages.
[1]For "thoughts and deeds," cf.Or. 3. 43. 182mores instituta et facta;Prov. Cons. 8. 20consilia et facta;Fin. 2. 14. 5studia et facta;Verr. 5. 14. 35mentes hominum et cogitationes.
[2]Note toofinis bonorum et malorum= the highest good and the greatest evil.
omni vitio carere—to be free from faults.
vitia erumpunt (in aliquem)(De Amic. 21. 76)—his vices betray themselves.
animum vitiis dedere—to abandon oneself to vice.
vitiis, sceleribus contaminariorse contaminare(Off. 3. 8. 37)—to be tainted with vice.
vitiis, sceleribus inquinatum, contaminatum, obrutum esse—to be vicious, criminal.
vitia exstirpare et funditus tollere—to eradicate vice.
vita omnibus flagitiis,[1]vitiis dedita—a life defiled by every crime.
vita omnibus flagitiis inquinata—a life defiled by every crime.
natura proclivem esse ad vitia—to have a natural propensity to vice.
scelera moliri(Att. 7. 11)—to meditate crime.
scelus facere, committere—to commit crime.
facinus facere, committere—to do a criminal deed.
scelere se devincire, se obstringere, astringi—to commit a crime and so make oneself liable to the consequences of it.
scelus (in se) concipere, suscipere—to commit a crime and so make oneself liable to the consequences of it.
scelus edere in aliquem(Sest. 26. 58)—to commit a crime against some one.
scelus scelere cumulare(Catil. 1. 6. 14)—to heap crime on crime.
scelus[2]supplicio expiare—to expiate a crime by punishment.
[1]flagitiumis a crime against oneself, e.g. drunkenness.scelusis a sin against society at large, e.g. theft, murder.nefasa sin against God, e.g. sacrilege, parricide.facinusany unusual action, then generally a crime, outrage.
[2]flagitiumis a crime against oneself, e.g. drunkenness.scelusis a sin against society at large, e.g. theft, murder.nefasa sin against God, e.g. sacrilege, parricide.facinusany unusual action, then generally a crime, outrage.
cupiditate alicuius rei accensum, inflammatum esse—to be fired with desire of a thing.
cupiditate alicuius rei ardere, flagrare—to have an ardent longing for a thing.
cupiditatem alicuius accendere—to rouse a person's interest, cupidity.
aliquem ad cupiditatem incitare—to rouse a person's interest, cupidity.
aliquem cupiditate inflammare—to rouse a person's interest, cupidity.
cupiditatibus occaecari(Fin. 1. 10. 33)—to be blinded by passions.
libidine ferri—to be carried away by one's passions.
se (totum) libidinibus dedere—to abandon oneself (entirely) to debauchery.
cupiditatibus servire, pārēre—to be the slave of one's desires.
praecipitem ferri aliqua re(Verr. 5. 46. 121)—to be carried away by something.
homo impotens sui—a man of no self-control, self-indulgent.
homo effrenatus, intemperans—a man of no self-control, self-indulgent.
sibi imperareorcontinere et coercere se ipsum—to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations.
animum regere, coercere, cohibere—to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations.
animum vincere(Marcell. 3. 8)—to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations.
imperare cupiditatibus—to overcome one's passions.
coercere, cohibere, continere, domitas habere cupiditates—to overcome one's passions.
refrenare cupiditates, libidines—to bridle one's desires.
effrenatae cupiditates—unrestrained, unbridled lust.
indomitae animi cupiditates—unrestrained, unbridled lust.
cupiditates explere, satiare—to satisfy one's desires.
libidinem alicuius excitare—to arouse some one's lust.
libido dominatur(Or. 65. 219)—the passions win the day.
libido consēdit—the storm of passion has abated.
cupiditates deferbuerunt(Cael. 18. 43)—the passions have cooled down.
animi perturbationes exstirpare—to eradicate passion from the mind.
iniuriam inferre, facere alicui—to wrong a person.
iniuria afficere aliquem—to wrong a person.
iniuria lacessere aliquem—to provoke a person by a gratuitous insult.
iniuria abstinere(Off. 3. 17. 72)—to refrain from doing a wrong, an injustice.
iniuriam accipere—to be the victim of an injustice.
iniuriam ferre, pati—to suffer wrong.
iniurias defendere, repellere, propulsare—to repel an injury.
iniurias neglegere—to leave a wrong unpunished, to ignore it.
ab iniuria aliquem defendere—to protect any one from wrong.
satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis—to give some one satisfaction for an injury.
contumelia aliquem afficere—to insult some one.
voces (verba) contumeliosae—insulting expressions.
verborum contumeliae—insulting expressions.
contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem(vid.sect. VI. 11, noteProsequi...)—to use insulting expressions to any one.
maledictis aliquem onerare, lacerare—to heap abuse on some one.
offendere aliquem, alicuius animum—to hurt some one's feelings.
offendere apud aliquem(Cluent. 23. 63)—to hurt some one's feelings.
in offensionem alicuius incurrere(Verr. 1. 12. 35)—to hurt some one's feelings.
offendi aliqua re (animus offenditur)—to feel hurt by something.
offendere in aliquo(Mil. 36. 99)—to have something to say against a person, to object to him.
offendere[1]in aliqua re(Cluent. 36. 98)—to take a false step in a thing; to commit an indiscretion.
offensionem habere—to give offense to, to shock a person (used of things,vid.sect. V. 18).
res habet aliquid offensionis—there is something repulsive about the thing.
[1]Notice toooffendere caput(Quintil. 6. 3. 67),pedem(B. Hisp. 23), to strike one's head, foot against anything;offendere aliquem imparatum(Fam. 2. 3), to find some one unprepared, cf.καταλαμßάνειν.
vim adhibere, facere alicui—to use violence against some one.
vim inferre alicui—to do violence to a person.
vim et manus afferre alicui(Catil. 1. 8. 21)—to kill with violence.
vim vi depellere—to meet force by force.
vi vim illatam defendere—to meet force by force.
insidias collocare, locare(Mil. 10. 27)—to set an ambuscade.
insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere—to waylay a person.
aliquem in insidiis locare, collocare, ponere—to place some one in ambush.
aliquem in insidias elicere, inducere—to draw some one into an ambush.
subsidere in insidiis(Mil. 19. 49)—to place oneself in ambush.
minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum—to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war.
minitari alicui igni ferroque(Phil. 13. 9. 21)—to threaten with fire and sword.
denuntiare[1]bellum, caedem(Sest. 20. 46)—to threaten war, carnage.
minas iacere, iactare—to use threats.
minis uti—to use threats.
[1]"Threaten" in the sense of to be at hand, to be imminent, is rendered by some such word asimminere, impendere, instare, e.g.bellum imminet. For the meaning to seem likely, to promise, cf.coniuratio rem publicam perversura videtur, the conspiracy threatens to overthrow the state.
speciem alicuius rei habere—to have the appearance of something.
speciem alicuius rei praebere—to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of...
speciem prae se ferre[1]—to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of...
in speciem—apparently; to look at.
specie(De Amic. 13. 47)—apparently; to look at.
per speciem (alicuius rei)—apparently; to look at.
per simulationem, simulatione alicuius rei—under pretext, pretence of...
simulare morbum—to pretend to be ill.
dissimulare[2]morbum—to pretend not to be ill.
aliquis simulat aegrumorse esse aegrum—some one feigns illness.
aliter sentire ac loqui (aliud sentire, aliud loqui)—to think one thing, say another; to conceal one's opinions.
per dolum(B. G. 4. 13)—by craft.
dolis et fallaciis(Sall. Cat. 11. 2)—by the aid of fraud and lies.
sine fuco ac fallaciis(Att. 1. 1. 1)—without any disguise, frankly.
verba dare alicui(Att. 15. 16)—to deceive a person, throw dust in his eyes.
mendacium dicere—to tell lies.
falsa (pro veris) dicere—to tell lies.
ludere, irridere, deridere aliquem—to make sport of, rally a person.
illudere alicuiorin aliquem(more rarelyaliquem)—to make sport of, rally a person.
ludibrio esse alicui—to serve as some one's butt.
in ludibrium verti(Tac. Ann. 12. 26)—to become an object of ridicule; to be laughed at.
omnibus artibus aliquem ludificari, eludere—to fool a person thoroughly.
per ludibrium—in sport, mockery.
[1]prae se ferrefollowed by Acc. and Inf. = to manifest, display, e.g.Romanum esse semper prae me tuli.
[2]simulo= I pretend to be what I am not, cf.ἀλαζών, a braggart;dissimulo= I pretend not to be what I am, cf.εἴρων, a mock-modest person.Quae non sunt simulo, quae sunt ea dissimulantur.
officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare—to do one's duty.
officio suo satisfacere(Div. in Caec. 14. 47)—to do one's duty.
officio suo fungi—to do one's duty.
omnes officii partes exsequi—to fulfil one's duty in every detail.
nullam officii partem deserere—to fulfil one's duty in every detail.
diligentem esse in retinendis officiis—to be exact, punctual in the performance of one's duty.
officium suum deserere, neglegere—to neglect one's duty.
ab officio discedere—to neglect one's duty.
de, ab officio decedere—to neglect one's duty.
officio suo deesse(Fam. 7. 3)—to neglect one's duty.
ad officium redire—to return to one's duties.
in officio manere(Att. 1. 3)—to remain faithful to one's duty.
contra officium estc. Inf.—it is a breach of duty to...
ab officio abduci, avocari—to let oneself be perverted from one's duty.
salvo[1]officio(Off. 3. 1. 4)—without violating, neglecting one's duty.
multa et magna inter nos officia[2]intercedunt(Fam. 13. 65)—we are united by many mutual obligations.
in aliquem officia conferre—to be courteous, obliging to some one.
aliquem officiis suis complecti, prosequi—to be courteous, obliging to some one.
officiosum esse in aliquem—to be courteous, obliging to some one.
litterae officiiorhumanitatis plenae—a most courteous letter.
studere alicui rei, studiosum esse alicuius rei—to have an inclination for a thing.
studio alicuius rei teneri—to have an inclination for a thing.
propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid(opp.alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re)—to have an inclination for a thing.
studiis suis obsequi(De Or. 1. 1. 3)—to follow one's inclinations.
sibioringenio suo indulgere(Nep. Chabr. 3)—to indulge one's caprice.
[1]Noticesalvis legibus(Fam. 1. 4), without breaking the law;salva fide(Off. 3. 4. 44), without breaking one's word.
[2]officiumis used of anything which one feels bound to do, either on moral grounds or from a desire to please others (especially those in authority). Thus the word denotes not merely duty, sense of duty, faithful performance of duty, submissiveness (cf. sect. xvi. 13), but also courteous, obliging behaviour, complaisance, mark of respect. Objectively it has the meaning of an office, service, command, e.g.officium maritimum.