The Project Gutenberg eBook ofLatin Phrase-BookThis ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.Title: Latin Phrase-BookAuthor: Carl MeissnerTranslator: H. W. AudenRelease date: October 22, 2015 [eBook #50280]Most recently updated: October 22, 2024Language: LatinCredits: Produced by Carolus Raeticus*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LATIN PHRASE-BOOK ***
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Latin Phrase-BookAuthor: Carl MeissnerTranslator: H. W. AudenRelease date: October 22, 2015 [eBook #50280]Most recently updated: October 22, 2024Language: LatinCredits: Produced by Carolus Raeticus
Title: Latin Phrase-Book
Author: Carl MeissnerTranslator: H. W. Auden
Author: Carl Meissner
Translator: H. W. Auden
Release date: October 22, 2015 [eBook #50280]Most recently updated: October 22, 2024
Language: Latin
Credits: Produced by Carolus Raeticus
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LATIN PHRASE-BOOK ***
Although, ideally speaking, a phrase-book should always be compiled by the pupil himself from his own individual observation, yet in these days, when an extended curriculum tends to curtail considerably the amount of Latin read, it seems to me that anything which may help boys to some knowledge of Latinity in a short time is not wholly useless. Hence this translation. The use of such books asMeissner's Phraseologieinvolves no new and untried principles, witness the excellent results obtained in Germany, where the book has passed through six editions. It has also been translated into French (the translation is now in its third edition) and Italian.
My best thanks are due to Professor Meissner for his courtesy in allowing me to make this translation, also to Professor Pascal of Reims, to whose admirable translation I am much indebted.
H. W. AUDEN.
FETTES COLLEGE, EDINBURGH,
1894
I.The World and Nature—
II.Space and Time—
III.Parts of the Human Body
IV.Properties of the Human Body—
V.Human Life; its various Relations and Conditions—
VI.The Mind; its Functions—
VII.The Arts and Sciences—
VIII.Speech and Writing—
IX.The Emotions—
X.Virtues and Vices—
XI.Religion—
XII.Domestic Life—
XIII.Commerce and Agriculture—
XIV.The State—
XV.Law and Justice—
XVI.War—
XVII.Shipping—
Appendix
rerumormundi universitas—the universe.
rerum naturaor simplynatura—creation; nature.
haec omnia, quae videmus—the visible world.
totius mundi convenientia et consensus—the perfect harmony of the universe.
deus mundum aedificavit, fabricatus est, effecit(notcreavit)[1]—God made the world.
deus est mundi procreator(notcreator),aedificator, fabricator, opifex rerum—God is the Creator of the world.
elementa; initiaorprincipia rerum—the elements.
elementa et tamquam semina rerum—the elements and first beginnings.
nutus et pondusor simplynutus(ῥοπή)—gravity.
[1]Creareis usually employed in the sense of producing, originating, causing, e.g.similitudo creat errorem; periculum alicui creare. It has, however, occasionally the meaning to create, e.g.De Fin.rerum quas creat natura.
orbis terrae, terrarum[1]—the earth; the globe
(terra) continens(B. G. 5. 8. 2)—the continent.
terra (regio) mediterranea—an inland region; the interior.
interior Asia; interiora Asiae—the interior of Asia.
sinus urbis(Sall. Cat. 52. 35)—the heart of the city.
in ipsamorintimam Graeciam penetrare—to penetrate into the heart of Greece.
terra effert(more rarelyfert,[2]but notprofert)fruges—the earth brings forth fruit, crops.
terra fundit fruges—the earth brings forth fruit abundantly.
animata (animalia) inanimaque(notinanimata)—animate and inanimate nature.
ea, quae terra gignit—the vegetable kingdom.
ea, quae e terra gignuntur—the vegetable kingdom.
ea, quae a terra stirpibus continentur—the vegetable kingdom.
ea quorum stirpes terra continentur(N. D. 2. 10. 26)—the vegetable kingdom.
arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque(De Fin. 5. 11. 33)—the vegetable kingdom.
radices agere(De Off. 2. 12. 73)—to take root.
gemmas agere—to bud, blossom.
gemmae proveniunt—the trees are budding.
arbores frondescunt—the trees are coming into leaf.
rami late diffunduntur—the twigs are shooting out, spreading.
montes vestiti silvis—wooded hills.
summus mons—the top of a mountain.
culmina Alpium—the summits of the Alps.
sub radicibus montis, in infimo monte, sub monte—at the foot of the mountain.
superare Alpes, Pyrenaeum, Apenninum[3](both always in the sing.)—to cross the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines.
altissimis montibus undique contineri—to be shut in on all sides by very high mountains.
prospectus est ad aliquid—one has a view over...; one is able to see as far as...
collis leniter ab infimo acclivis(opp.leniter a summo declivis)—a gentle ascent.
ad extremum tumulum—on the edge of the hill.
loca edita, superiora—heights, high ground.
loca aspera et montuosa(Planc. 9. 22)—rough and hilly ground.
loca planaor simplyplana—level country; plains.
saxa praerupta—steep rocks.
loca inculta—uncultivated districts.
loca deserta(opp.frequentia)—deserts.
loca amoena, amoenitas locorum—pleasant districts; charming surroundings.
[1]To the Romansorbis terrarum(more rarelyorbis terrae) meant all those countries which made up the Roman Empire.
[2]ferreis also used metaphorically, to produce, e.g.haec aetas perfectum oratorem tulit(Brut. 12. 45).
[3]ButPyrenaei montes, saltusoccur (B. G. 1. 1. 7;B.C. 1. 37. 1).
summa aqua—the surface of the water.
ex aqua exstare—to stand out of the water.
aqua est umbilīco tenus—the water reaches to the waist.
aqua pectus aequat, superat—the water is up to, is above, the chest.
(se) ex aqua emergere[1]—to come to the surface.
aquam ex flumine derivare—to draw off water from a river.
aquam ducere per hortum—to bring a stream of water through the garden.
aquae ductus(plur.aquarum ductus)[2]—a conduit; an aqueduct.
agros irrigare—to irrigate fields.
aqua viva, profluens(opp.stagnum)—running water.
aqua iugis, perennis—a perpetual spring.
frigidā, calidā lavari(Plin. Ep. 3. 5. 11)—to take a cold, warm, bath.
aquae, aquarum inops—ill-watered.
fluctuareorfluctuari—driven by the waves.
fluctibus iactari—tossed hither and thither by the waves.
fluctibus (undis) obrui,[3]submergi—to be engulfed.
gurgitibus hauriri—to be drowned in the eddies.
flumen citatum fertur—the rivers flows with a rapid current.
flumen imbribus auctum—a river swollen by the rain.
flumen super ripas effunditur—the river is over its banks, is in flood.
flumen extra ripas diffluit—the river is over its banks, is in flood.
flumen agros inundat[4]—the river floods the fields.
flumen vado transire—to wade across, to ford a river.
flumine secundo—with the stream; downstream.
flumine adverso—against the stream; upstream.
Rhenus oriturorprofluit ex Alpibus—the Rhine rises in the Alps.
accessus et recessus aestuum—ebb and flow (of tide).
decessus aestus—the ebb.
aestus maritimi mutuo accedentes et recedentes(N. D. 2. 53. 132)—the alternation of tides.
aestus ex alto se incitat(B. G. 3.12)—the tide is coming in.
aestu rursus minuente—when the tide begins to go down.
mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur—there is a storm at sea.
mare mediumorinternum[5]—the Mediterranean Sea.
[1]Also used metaphorically, e.g.(se) emergere ex malis(Nep. Att. 11. 1) to recover from misfortune. Soemergere e fluctibus servitutis(Harusp. Resp. 23. 48).
[2]aquae ductio= the action, process of drawing off the water;canalis= the water-pipe, channel, conduit.
[3]So metaphorically,aere alieno obrutum esse, to be over head and ears in debt;nomen alicuius obruere perpetua oblivione, to drown a person's name in oblivion.
[4]Inundation =eluvio, notinundatiowhich is post-classical.
[5]The Romans called itmare nostrum(B.G. 5.1). Similarlymare Oceanus(B. G. 3. 7), the Atlantic;mare superum, the Adriatic (Att. 8. 16. 1);mare inferum, the Etruscan Sea (Att. 8. 3. 5).
ignem facere, accendere—to light, make a fire.
ignem tectis inferre, subicere—to set fire to houses.
ignem concipere, comprehendere—to take fire.
ignem excitare(pro Mur. 25. 51)—to make up, stir up a fire.
ignem alere—to keep up a fire.
accendere, incendere aedificia—to set buildings on fire.
inflammare urbem—to set fire to a city.
flammis corripi—to be devoured by the flames.
incendio flagrare, or simplyconflagrare, ardere(Liv. 30. 7)—to be on fire, in flames.
incendio deleri, absūmi—to be burned to ashes.
igni cremari, necari—to perish in the flames.
ignem conclamare—to raise an alarm of fire.
ventus ignem distulit(B. G. 5. 43)—the wind spread the conflagration.
aer terrae circumiectusorcircumfusus—the atmosphere.
aer qui est terrae proximus—the atmosphere.
suspicere[1](in) caelum—to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky.
oculos tollere, attollere ad caelum—to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky.
sub divo—in the open air.
orbis finiens(Div. 2. 44. 92)—the horizon.
caelumornatura caeli—climate.
caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli(opp.grave, gravitas)—healthy climate.
caeli temperatio—temperate climate.
aer calore et frigore temperatus—temperate climate.
caeli asperitas—rough climate.
caeli varietas—variable climate.
caelestia—(1) the heavenly bodies, (2) celestial phenomena.
sol oritur, occidit—the sun rises, sets.
ortus, occasus solis—sunrise; sunset.
sol[2](luna)deficit, obscuratur—the sun, moon, is eclipsed.
solis defectio—an eclipse of the sun.
luna crescit; decrescit, senescit—the moon waxes, wanes.
motus stellarum constantes et rati—the regular courses of the stars.
cursum conficere in caelo—to run its course in the sky.
caelum astris distinctum et ornatum—the star-lit sky; the firmament.
nox sideribus illustris—a star-light night.
stellae errantes, vagae—the planets.
stellae inerrantes(N. D. 2. 21. 54)—the fixed stars.
sidera certis locis infixa—the fixed stars.
orbis lacteus—the milky way.
orbis signifer—the zodiac.
vertex caeli, axis caeli, cardo caeli—the pole.
orbis, pars (terrae), cingulus—a zone.
orbis medius—the temperate zone.
[1]suspicereis also used figuratively, to look up to, esteem, honour, e.g.viros, honores. Similarlydespicere.
[2]For an account of an eclipsevid.Liv. 44. 37.
vocis imago, or simplyimago[1]—an echo.
saxa voci respondentorresonant—the rocks re-echo.
ventus remittit(opp.increbrescit)—the wind is falling.
ventus cadit, cessat—the wind dies down, ceases.
ventis secundis, adversis uti—to have favourable, contrary, winds.
ventus se vertit in Africum—the wind is turning to the south-west.
tempestas cooritur—a storm is rising.
imber tenet(Liv. 23. 44. 6)—the rain continues.
imbres repente effusi—a sudden shower.
tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci—to meet with good weather.
calor se frangit(opp.increscit)—the heat is abating.
sol ardet, urit—the sun burns, scorches.
ardore solis torreri—to be dried up by the sun's heat.
tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut—the frost set in so severely that...
frigore (gelu) rigere, torpere—to be numb with cold.
frigore confici—to freeze to death.
aestus et frigoris patientem esse—to be able to bear heat and cold.
tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque(Liv. 1. 16)—a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder.
caelum tonitru contremit—the heavens are shaken by the thunder.
fulmina[2]micant—the lightning flashes.
fulmen locum tetigit—the lightning has struck somewhere.
fulmine tangi, ici—to be struck by lightning.
de caelo tangi, percuti—to be struck by lightning.
fulmine ictus—struck by lightning.
eruptiones ignium Aetnaeorum—an eruption of Etna.
Vesuvius evomit(more stronglyeructat)ignes—Vesuvius is discharging flame.
venti ab ortu solis flant—the east winds are blowing.
[1] Also metaphorically, e.g.gloria virtuti resonat tamquam imago(Tusc. 3. 3), glory is as it were the echo of virtue.
[2] Used sometimes figuratively, e.g.fulmen verborum, fulmina eloquentiae, fulmina fortunae(Tusc. 2. 27),fulmina imperii(Balb. 15. 34).
spectare in (vergere ad) orientem (solem), occidentem[1](solem),ad meridiem, in septentriones—to lie to the east, west, south, north.
spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones—to be situate to the north-west.
Germania quaeorGermaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit—eastern, western Germany.
est a septentrionibus collis—a hill lies to the north.
situs loci—the situation of a place.
natura loci—the natural position of a place.
opportunitas loci(B. G. 3. 14)—the advantageous situation of a place.
opportuno loco situmorpositum esse—to be favourably situated.
urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est—the city is very beautifully situated.
oppidum mari adiacet—the town lies near the sea.
villa tangit viam—the country-house stands near the road.
oppidum colli impositum est—the town stands on rising ground.
oppidum monti subiectum est—the town lies at the foot of a mountain.
promunturium in mare procurrit—a promontory juts out into the sea.
paeninsula in mare excurrit, procurrit—a peninsula projects into the sea.
promunturium superare—to double a cape.
urbs in sinu sita est—the city is situate on a bay.
[1]"The east" and "the west" =orientis, occidentis (solis) terrae, partes, regiones, gentes. The adjectivesorientalis, occidentalisare not used in good Latin. The north, i.e. northern countries, is represented byterrae septentrionibus subiectae; the south byterra australis.
tangere, attingere terram—to be contiguous, adjacent to a country.
finitimum[1]esse terrae—to be contiguous, adjacent to a country.
continentem esse terraeorcum terra(Fam. 15. 2. 2)—to have the same boundaries; to be coterminous.
Gallia Rhodano continetur(vid.sect. V. 4., notecontineri aliqua re...)—Gaul is bounded by the Rhone.[TR1]
Rhodanus Sequanos ab Helvetiis dividit—the Rhone.[TR2]is the frontier between the Helvetii and the Sequani.
fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre—to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom.
(ex) finibus excedere—to evacuate territory.
in Sequanis—in the country of the Sequani.
in Sequanos proficisci—to invade the territory of the Sequani.
porrigi ad septentriones—to stretch northwards.
haec gens pertinet usque ad Rhenum—the territory of this race extends as far as the Rhine.
in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere—to extend in breadth, in length.
late patere[2](also metaphoricallyvid.sect. VIII. 8)—to have a wide extent.
imperium orbis terrarum terminis definitur—the empire reaches to the ends of the world.
longe, procul abesse ab urbe—to be far from town.
prope (propius, proxime) abesse—to be not far away.
paribus intervallis distare—to be equidistant.
tantundem viae est—the road is the same length.
longo spatio, intervallo interiecto—at a great distance.
intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse—to be separated by an immense interval of space and time.
a mille passibus—a mile away.
e longinquo—from a distance.
loca longinqua—distant places.
ultimae terrae—the most distant countries, the world's end.
extremae terrae partes—the most distant countries, the world's end.
longinquae nationes—distant nations.
[1]vicinum esse, to be neighbouring; used of houses, gardens, etc.
[2]pateredenotes extension in its widest sense;pertinere, extension from one point to another, e.g.ars et late patet et ad multos pertinet(De Or. 1. 55. 235);ex eo oppido pars ad Helvetios pertinet(B. G. 1. 6. 3).
[TR1]Transcriber's Note: the English original says "Gaul is bounded by the Rhine" which is wrong as can be seen both from the Latin expression and the original German edition.
[TR2]Transcriber's Note: In the original book Auden translatesRhodanus Sequanos ab Helvetiis dividitwrongly as "the Rhine is the frontier between the Helvetii and the Sequani." The French and German versions correctly translateRhodanusas "le Rhône" and "Rhone".
viam sternere (silice, saxo)—to pave a road.
substruere viam glarea(Liv. 41. 27)—to make a gravel path.
via strata—a street, a made road.
via trita[1]—a well-trodden, much-frequented way.
viam munire[2]—to make a road.
viam patefacere, aperire—to open a route.
ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes)—to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks).
viam intercludere—to obstruct a road; to close a route.
iter obstruere—to obstruct a road; to close a route.
via fert, ducit aliquo—a road leads somewhere.
in viam se dare—to set out on a journey.
viae se committere—to set out on a journey.
viam ingredi, inire(also metaphorically)—to enter upon a route; to take a road.
rectā (viā)—straight on.
de via declinare, deflectere(also metaphorically)—to turn aside from the right way; to deviate.
(de via) decedere alicui—make way for any one.
Appia via proficisci—to set out by the Appian road.
erranti viam monstrare—to direct a person who has lost his way.
errores Ulixis—the wanderings of Ulysses.
viam persequi(also metaphorically)—to continue one's journey, pursue one's course.
longam viam conficere—to accomplish a long journey.
fessus de via—weary with travelling; way-worn.
Hercules[3]in trivio, in bivio, in compitis—Hercules at the cross-roads, between virtue and vice.
iter facere—(1) to take a journey, (2) to make, lay down a road (rare).
una iter facere—to travel together.
iter ingredi (pedibus, equo, terra)—to begin a journey (on foot, on horseback, by land).
iter aliquo dirigere, intendere—to journey towards a place.
tendere aliquo—to journey towards a place.
longum itineris spatium emetiri—to finish a very long journey.
ex itinere redire[4]—to return from a journey.
in itinere[5]—on a journey; by the way.
iter terrestre, pedestre—travel by land, on foot.
itinera diurna nocturnaque—travelling day and night.
iter unius dieior simplydiei—a day's journey.
iter impeditum—an impassable road.
disiunctissimas ultimas terras peragrare(notpermigrare)—to travel through the most remote countries.
peregrinatio—a foreign journey.
peregrinari, peregre esse—to be travelling abroad.
peregre proficisci—to go abroad.
aliquem proficiscentem prosequi—to accompany any one when starting; to see a person off.
aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi(vid.sect. VI. 11, noteProsequi...)—to wish any one a prosperous journey.
rus excurrere—to make a pleasure-trip into the country.
ruri vivere, rusticari—to live in the country.
vita rustica—country life (the life of resident farmers, etc.)
rusticatio, vita rusticana—country life (of casual, temporary visitors).
[1]tritusis also used figuratively, e.g.proverbium (sermone) tritum(De Off. 1. 10. 33),vocabulum latino sermone non tritum(Acad. 1. 7. 27).
[2]Cf. in metaphorical sense,viam ad honores alicui munire(Mur. 10. 23).
[3]vid.on this subjectDe Off. 1. 32. 118; Fam. 5. 12. 3.
[4]revertimeans properly to turn back and retrace one's steps, after giving up one's intention of remaining longer in a place, or continuing one's journey, cf.Div. 1. 15. 27,itaque revertit ex itinere, cum iam progressus esset multorum dierum viam. Similarlyreditus= return,reversiogenerally = turning back. Cicero only usesrevenirein conjunction withdomum.
[5]ex itinereimplies that the march was interrupted, thus there is a difference betweenin itinere aliquem aggrediandex itinere, etc. In the same way distinguishin fugaandex fuga, e.g.ex fuga evadere, ex fuga dissipati.