H.
Hamilton, la belle, countess ofGrammont, I.119.Hardy, early French dramatic author,I.41.Harlay de, archbishop of Paris, I.140.333.Harpe, La, M., critical remarks ofI.178.258. II.102.Helvetius, M., II.171. MadameRoland's opinion as to,263.Henriettaof England, duchess ofOrléans, I.58.308. Her death,164.Henry, king of Navarre, I.11.Henry IV. king of France, I.11.Character of his court warlike andunlettered,41. The "Henriade"a history of this great monarchand his times, II.12.Herbault, Puits d', monk of Fontevrault,I.31.Hippocrates, edited or translated byRabelais, I.26.28.37. His system,26.Holland, lord, on the SpanishDrama, &c., I.45, n.Houdetot, countess d', II.128. Hervisit to J. J. Rousseau at the Hermitage,141.Huguenots, blame attached byMontaigne to their party, I.12.Oppression of the,257. Bourdalouesent into the south toconvert protestants,257, n. Fénéloncommissioned to convertthe Huguenots,333. Out of thepale of the Romish church,339.II.79. Thedragonnades,79.87.Hume, David, persuades Rousseauto visit England, II.159. Is indignantat the folly and jealousiesof Jean Jacques,162.
I.
Innocent X., condemns the five propositionson grace and election,said to be from the book on Augustinby Jansenius, I.200.Intolerance, cases of, II.79.83.85.
J.
James II., arrival of, in France, I.251.Jansenius, Cornelius, bishop ofYpres, five propositions selectedby the Jesuits from his work onSt. Augustin, and condemned bythe Sorbonne, I.200.Jansenists, origin of the, I.200.Controversies respecting the abbéArnaud,200.; and the LettresProvinciales,207. Praise ofeducation by the Jansenists,298.Their spirit of controversy,339.Fénélon opposed to Jansenism,362. Persecution of the, II.86.Jesuits, order of, I.200.207. Theyemploy themselves particularly ineducation,298. Polemical spiritinfused by the religious orders,and an apathy for the affairs ofthis world,298. Banishment ofthe, II.87.Jordan, Mrs., her excellent taste,and vivacity in comedy, I.117.Jura Mountains, peasants of the,II.100.
K.
Keith, lord, his regard for Rousseau,II.157.Kœnig, Prussian mathematician,II.65.
L.
La Beaumelle, his attack on Voltairein Prussia, II.66.La Bruyère, his critique on Rabelais,I.34. Describes Corneille'sconversation and manner,55. Hisportrait of La Fontaine,181.La Fare, anacreontic poet, I.171.La Fontaine, Jean de, versifier ofRabelais' Tales, I.34. His lifepeaceful,150. Born in 1621 atChâteau Thierry,150. His father,151. He enters the communityof the Pères de l'Oratoire,151. Renounces the cloister, andespouses Mlle. Marie d'Héricart,151. Becomes master of the royaldomains in his district,151.Hears Malherbe's ode on the assassinationof Henri IV., andcommences poet,152. Studiesthe Roman poets,153. Verses by,112. His "Adonis" in heroicverse,155. His character indolentandinsouciant,155. Resideslong at Château Thierry,155.Fights M. Poignan, on accountof madame de la Fontaine,156.That officer disarms the poet bothof sword and jealousy,156. Diversreports as to the placid temperof his wife,157. Visits Paris,but neglects business,157. Becomesdomiciled with the dukeand duchess of Bouillon,159.His intimacy with Racine, Molière,and Boileau,160. Comfortableamid Parisian society, heforgets his wife and his home,161.Fouquet grants him a pension,162. He solicits that financeminister's pardon from LouisXIV.,162.222. His "Contes etMerveilles en vers,"163.173. Taleof "Pysche and Cupid,"163.177.Noticed by Henrietta duchess ofOrléans.164. His tale of "Joconde,"165. His "Fables,"164.178.180. Is elected of the FrenchAcademy,167. Anecdote on thatsubject,167. He has the ill luckto displease the abbé Furetièreby an inadvertence,168. La Fontaineincorrigibly forgetful,169.Forgets that he has a son, andadmires him as a stranger,169.Anecdotes exhibiting him,170,&c. Resides in the house of madamed'Hervart,172.170. Declineof his health,173. Thepriests constrain him to destroysome of his works,173. And tomake public reparation for theevil influence of his "Fables,"175. He recovers and writesmore tales,176. Dies, agedseventy-four,176. Criticism onhis works,177. His dramaticpieces,178. His tables and tales,178.180. English fables comparedwith,179. Opinions by hiscontemporaries of,181. Epitaphby himself,182.La Harpe, M., criticisms of, I.178.258. II.102.Lally-Tolendal, M. de, saved bymadame de Staël, II.315.316.Lamb, Miss, pretty song by, I.108.La Metrie, physician at Potzdam,II.62.Lamoignon, M. de, premier président,I.267.271.Langeron, the abbé de, I.366."Langey, Chevalier de, MilitaryStratagems and Prowess of," byRabelais, I.37.La Noue, tragedian, II.43.Leibnitz, letter of the celebrated,II.65.Le Kain, tragedian, II.54. He resideswith Voltaire, and performson his stage,54.Le Nôtre, architect, &c., I.112.Lettres Provinciales of Pascal, I.198. Object of this work explained,201. Condemnation ofthe book,207. Misfortunes resultingtherefrom at Port Royal,207.L'Huilier, M., engages Gassendi toeducate Chapelle the poet, I.99.Ligne, prince de, visits Rousseauincognito, II.165. Declares himselfby letter, and kindly offersa home to J. J. Rousseau,166.Locke, John, works of, II.18.24.His "Treatise on Education,"151.Longueville, duke of, I.69.Longueville, duchess of, I.68. Herbeauty,70. Various allusions tothis princess,72.74.77. Her characterand religious sentiments,83, n.Louis XIII., accession of, I.64.Death of,66. M. Poquelin andhis son Molière his deputy, valet-de-chambreto,100. The kingcauses M. de Cinq-Mars and DeThou to be beheaded,100. Allusionsto this monarch,215.Louis XIV., grants a pension toPierre Corneille, I.55. His attachmentto Henrietta duchess ofOrléans,58. Splendour of hiscourt begins to be remarkable,111. Takes a part in the ballets atcourt,118.119. Discontinues todo so, from a passage in "Britannicus"alluding to Nero,118,n. His journeys,120. Flatteryof by the poets and savants,163.Did not comprehend La Fontaine,164. And delays his ratificationof his being received in the FrenchAcademy,167. Trial of Fouquet,finance minister,112.113.222.223. The king refuses to pardonhim,224. The fêtes at Versailles,225.256. Tournament at, Louisrepresenting count Roger,225.His affection for the beautifulLa Vallière,112.119.162.225.236. His court described,244, n.His queen,236. Secret marriagewith madame de Maintenon,87.236.237.248. His reign, animadversionson,257.323. Age ofLouis XIV. described,269. LouisXIV. conceives a dislike for Fénélon,333.346. Perceives his injustice,but burns his papers,366.Anecdotes of the king,319.323.Preceptors to his son and grand-sons,334.336, n. The Gallicanchurch, its state in the reign ofLouis XIV.,339-362. Referencesto Louis XIV., in the lifeof Voltaire, II.6.10.Louis XV., I.368. II.44.46.47.55.57.60. His inglorious old age,101.Louis XVI., II.86.100.104.Forthe historical events of his reignand fall, see the Lives of Condorcet,Mirabeau, &c.in Vol. II.Love and gallantry, novels breathingof, I.107.108. Ill taste oflanguage relating to,108. Purityof sentiment aimed at nevertheless,108.Lucian, by whom imitated, I.35.Lucretius, II.144.Lulli, musical composer, solicitsLa Fontaine to write the opera of"Daphne," I.166. His deathdescribed,176.Luxembourg, maréchal duc de, II.149. His kind attentions to hisneighbour Jean Jacques Rousseau,150.Luxembourg, duchess of, II.150.152. Her conduct with regard toRousseau, when he was danger ofarrest,153.Lyons, almanacs calculated underthe meridian of, I.37.
M.
Machiavelli, studied by La Fontaine,I.154. Frederic the Great'swork against the principles of, II.40.Maillezieux, bishop of, correspondenceof Rabelais with the, I.28.30. "Letters from Italy" to,37.Maine, duchess du, festivities at herchâteau of Sceaux, II.48.Maintenon, madame de, I.87. Herportrait of the duke de la Rochefoucauld,88. Her friendship formadame de Coulanges,234.Anecdotes of,236.237.248.282.283.320.322.323. Her estate ofMaintenon, II.21.Mairet, his tragedy of "Sophonisbe,"I.44.Malesherbes, M. de, Rousseau's correspondencewith, II.136. Hisbenevolent attentions to Rousseau,151.152.Manardi, Medical Epistles of, I.37.Mancini, nieces of cardinal Mazarin,I.159.172.Marmontel, M., his visit to Voltaireat Ferney, II.90-94.Marot, Clément, admired by LaFontaine, I.154.Marsillac, prince de, I.65. His adviceto the duchess de Chevreuse,66.SeeDuke de laRochefoucauld.Marsillac, prince de, son of theabove, assists the duke of Rochefoucauldin the battle of St. Antoine,I.81. Espouses his cousin,Mlle. de la Roche-Guyon,83.Attends the duke his father inhis last illness,89.Mattecoulon, M. de, brother toMontaigne, I.15.Maucroix, poet and scholar, I.154.Maupertuis, M. de, II.39.65. Hisdissension with Voltaire at Potzdam,66. "Akakia," a satire byVoltaire on,66.67. He challengesVoltaire, who laughs athim,68.Maurepas, count de, II.45.295.302.Mauroy, poetry of, I.265.Mazarin, cardinal, succeeds Richelieu,I.66. Is minister in theregency of Anne of Austria,66.Imprisons the princes Condé,Conti, and Longueville,72. Isobliged to fly,73. Successes of,in the royal cause,81. Is displacedfor a time, for the sake ofan accommodation of the civildissensions,82. On his return topower he permits de la Rochefoucauldto appear at court,84.Mazarin, duchess of, I.159.172.Ménage, instructs Marie de Rabutin-Chantal,I.216.Mersenne, le Père, scientific correspondenceof, I.192.Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré, marquisof, descended from an Italianfamily named Arrighetti, II.195. His grandfather, Jean Antoine,196. His father, comte Victorde Mirabeau, wrote "L'Amides Hommes,"197. The comté'smarriage,198. His lady's domestichappiness obstructed by a madamede Pailly, a beautiful woman, whochose to reside with them,198.The marquis's idea of his owninfallibility,199. He became apersecutor of his son, GabrielHonoré, the fifth child,199.; whowas born with teeth, and sufferedseverely from the small-pox,199.His early talent,199. Memoirsof Mirabeau, by M. Lucas Montigny,noticed,200, n. Madamede Pailly cruel to this boy,201.His early education,201. Severityof his father,202. The abbéChoquart, his preceptor, proudof him,202. Is sent to join themarquis de Lambert's regiment,202. His subsequent expostulationswith his hard-hearted parent,who had imprisoned him inthe fortress of the Isle of Rhé,204. The governor sends him onthe expedition to Corsica,204.His history of that island, and anItinerary from personal observation,204. He avows his likingfor the military profession,205.His father praises him on his return,206. Marries the daughterof the marquis de Marignane,207. He incurs debts,207. Hisfather procures a lettre-de-cachetto confine him,208. He writesan "Essay on Despotism,"208.Becomes jealous of the chevalierde Gassaud,209. On hearing hisexplanation, he escapes to forwardhis projected marriage bypleading for him,209. Meets anobleman who had insulted hissister, and gives him a blow,209.His father hearing of his evasion,shuts him up in a dismal castle,209. His love adventures,211.He escapes with Sophie de Ruffeyde Monnier, to Holland,215.Translates for the booksellers ofAmsterdam,215. M. de Monnierproceeds against the fugitives,who are condemned topunishment,216. He is imprisonedat Vincennes,217. Hisletters,217. Fate of Sophiede Monnier,222, n. He quitsprison on coming to terms withhis father,224. He tries by lawto oblige his wife to live withhim,224. Fails in his suit,224. Is no longer injured byprivate enemies,227. Is esteemed,and employed in public services,228. His impetuous eloquence,228. He foresees therevolution,228. Desires to beelected a representative to thestates-general,230. The noblesof Provence exclude himby a vote from their body,231. The people greet him onhis return towards Paris,232.Allays some outbreaks of thepeople of Marseilles and of Aix,233. Is elected deputy from boththose places,234. Takes his seatin the tiers-état,234. He declaresthe power of the people tobe independent of the crown,236. His eloquence in the debates,239. Death of his father,240. His speeches all-powerfulwith the assembly,241. Supportsthe financial proposition ofNecker for a tax on property,243.His influence preponderates overevery other,245. Accused ofbeing an Orleanist,246.247. Hisnegotiations with the court,248.249. His speech on the questionof the National Convention,250. His hôtel sumptuouslyprovided,251. Histreatywiththe court, in the handwriting ofLouis XVIII.,252. He declinesin health,253. His right to standup as a dictator in the assemblyquestioned,254. His policy wasto head a moderate party of royalists,and to repress the Jacobins,248.250.254. The king andthe people alike anxious for hisrecovery,255. His opinion ofWilliam Pitt, 256. His death,aged forty-two, in 1791,256.He was the first buried in thePantheon,257. Courageous andwarm-hearted,258. His sayingsand bon-mots are on record,258.His style of oratory,259. Hismilitary talents,259."Misanthrope, Le," of Molière, I.5.Molière, Jean Baptiste Poquelin,considered by Boileau as the firstwriter of his day, I.97. His parentagerespectable,97. Educationof,98. Taught by Gassendi,99. Does the duty of valet-de-chambreto Louis XIII. for hisfather,100. Studies the law atOrléans,101. Private theatricalswith some young friends,101.Makes the stage his profession,101. His company of actors,102.Ill success of his "Thebaid" preventshis writing tragedy,103.His early comedies,103.105. Performsin the provinces,102.105.On the restoration of tranquillityat Paris, his company perform inpresence of Louis XIV. and thequeen-mother,106. They arestyled "Les Comédiens de Monsieur,"107. His success in dramaticsatire,110. His "Ecole desMaris,"111.112. Account of"Les Fâcheux," a satirical farce,112. Louis XIV. commands Molièreto introduce a sporting character,113. Anecdotes of the rebuffsexperienced by the dramatistas royal valet-de-chambre,114.Louis protects him,114. Scandalrelative to Molière refuted,115, n.118. His marriage,116. Notproductive of Felicity,117.131.Writes the "Critique de l'Ecoledes Femmes" in reply to his detractors,131. His "Impromptude Versailles,"131. Louis XIV. isgodfather to Molière's eldest child,118. Molière performs "Sganarelle,"119. His "Tartuffe,"anecdotes as to,119.120. Tumultof soldiers at his theatre,121. The "Misanthrope,"122."Amphitryon," scene from the,124. "George Dandin," scenefrom,127. "L'Avare," criticisedby Schlegel,127. Success of "LeTartuffe" on its representation,129. Molière a favourite of Parisiansociety,130. Anecdotes ofhis circle of friends,131. Hishouse at Auteuil,131. His portraitureof himself,131, n. His"Monsieur de Pourceaugnac,"132. "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme"approved by Louis XIV.,133. "Fourberies de Scapin,"134. "Les Femmes Savantes,"scene from,135. His "MaladeImaginaire,"138. His own maladyunfeigned,139. Death ofMolière, aged fifty-one,139.147.Mode of his burial because aplayer,140.141. His generosity,143. Talent as an actor, 144. Criticismof his works,145.146. Elogeof,148. Marriage of his widow,148.; and of his daughter,149.His prediction as to "le bon homme"La Fontaine,160. Molièrewilling to employ Racine as ayoung dramatic writer of promise,304. His quarrel with Racine onthe ill-success of "Andromaque,"304. His admiration of Racine's"Les Plaideurs,"311. Furtherallusions to,262.372.Molina, the jesuit, I.200.Molinists, their controversy withthe Jansenists, I.201. Louis XIV.'spredilection for their doctrine,II.6.Mondorge, comedian, relieved byMolière when in need, I.143.Montaigne, Michel de, born Feb. 8.1533, in Périgord, I.1. PierreEyquem, seigneur de Montaigne,his father,1. Education of Michel,2. Taught to speak Latinfrom his cradle,3. Tardinessof his mind in infancy,4. Heloses at school the power ofspeaking good Latin acquired asa child,5. Fond of Ovid's "Metamorphoses,"5. Reads Virgil, Terence,and Plautus,5. Memorydefective,6. His cheerful temper,6, n. Lively imagination,6, n.Pourtrays the character of Etiennede la Boétie,7. Poem ofthe latter on their friendship,7.Death of Boétie,9. He marries,and is a good husband and tenderfather,9. He loses his fatherPierre Eyquem,9. Is careful ofhis paternal inheritance,10. Domestichabits,10. Writes his Essays,7. 10. His travels in France,10. Visits the court and capital,10. His moderation in politics,11. He complains of the religiousfeuds, and of his being pillaged,12. Takes no measures fordefence of his château of Montaigne,12. Is surprised by anofficer and his party, who refrainfrom injuring him,14. His calmcomposure again preserves himfrom danger when taken prisoner,14. Afflicted by painful disordershe resorts to Plombières for thewaters, and proceeds to Munich,&c.,15.16. He visits Venice andRome,17. Is well received bythe pope,17. Familiar with Romanhistory,17. He prints twobooks of his Essays,17. Modeof treating the papal censures,17. His pleasure on being declareda citizen of Rome by abull for that purpose,18. Heoffers a silver sculptured tablet,at the shrine of Loretto,18.19.His wife, and daughter Eléanore,19. Sojourns at Lucca,19. Iselected mayor of Bordeaux,crosses Mont Cénis and arrivesat his château of Montaigne,19.Is commanded by the king to tillthe office of mayor, and is re-electedto the same,19. His declineand bad state of health,19.His friendship for mademoiselleMarie de Gournay le Jars, andportrait of that lady,20, n. Hisresignation when attacked with afatal quinsy,20. His devout behavioural.Dies 13th Sept. 1592.,21. His disposition and vivacity,21. Descendants of, by his daughterEléanore,21, n. Edition ofhis Essays dedicated to Richelieu,21. Instructive and entertainingcharacter of the Essays,22. Theiroriginality,22.Montaigu, M., ambassador to Venice,his character, II.128.Montauzier, duke of, husband ofJulie d'Angennes, I.128.263, n.312.Montespan, madame de, I.167.244, n.279.282.Montfleuri, tragedian, cause of hisdeath, I.308.Montpellier, the faculty at, I.27.Duprat, chancélier, deprives thephysicians of their privileges, whoare defended by Rabelais,27.Montpensier, mademoiselle de,daughter of Gaston d'Orléans, I.81. Her spirit in the contest beforethe walls of Paris,82. Herintercourse with madame de Sévigné,217.