LORENZO DE' MEDICI.
LORENZO DE' MEDICI.
Ficino, Pico Della Mirandola, Politian, the Pulci, &c.151Platonic Doctrines in Italy1438.151Gemisthus Pletho151The Medicean Library founded by Cosmo152His Death1464.152Lorenzo de' Medici succeeds to his Father's Wealth and Influence152The Pazzi Conspiracy1478.152Pope Sixtus VI. leagues all Italy against Florence1479.152Lorenzo de' Medici—his Firmness and Talents1480.152He induces the King of Naples to conclude a Treaty withFlorence153A Yearly Anniversary of Plato's Death instituted153Lorenzo de' Medici—his Commentary on his first Sonnet155Extract of a Translation of one of his Sonnets156His "Nencia da Barbarino"157And another, "Canzoni Carnaleschi"157His descriptive Poems158His Death1492.159
Ficino, Pico Della Mirandola, Politian, the Pulci, &c.
151
Platonic Doctrines in Italy
1438.
151
Gemisthus Pletho
151
The Medicean Library founded by Cosmo
152
His Death
1464.
152
Lorenzo de' Medici succeeds to his Father's Wealth and Influence
152
The Pazzi Conspiracy
1478.
152
Pope Sixtus VI. leagues all Italy against Florence
1479.
152
Lorenzo de' Medici—his Firmness and Talents
1480.
152
He induces the King of Naples to conclude a Treaty withFlorence
153
A Yearly Anniversary of Plato's Death instituted
153
Lorenzo de' Medici—his Commentary on his first Sonnet
155
Extract of a Translation of one of his Sonnets
156
His "Nencia da Barbarino"
157
And another, "Canzoni Carnaleschi"
157
His descriptive Poems
158
His Death
1492.
159
MARSIGLIO FICINO.
MARSIGLIO FICINO.
His Birth1433.159He is adopted by Lorenzo de' Medici160His "Platonic Institutions"160His "Treatise on the Origin of the World"160He assumes the Clerical Profession1468.160He obtains the Cure of two Churches and Cathedral of Florence1475.160(October 1st.) His Death1499.161
His Birth
1433.
159
He is adopted by Lorenzo de' Medici
160
His "Platonic Institutions"
160
His "Treatise on the Origin of the World"
160
He assumes the Clerical Profession
1468.
160
He obtains the Cure of two Churches and Cathedral of Florence
1475.
160
(October 1st.) His Death
1499.
161
GIOVANNI PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA.
GIOVANNI PICO DELLA MIRANDOLA.
His Birth1463.161His Parentage161He visits Rome161His 900 Propositions published162His Persecution and Death1494.162
His Birth
1463.
161
His Parentage
161
He visits Rome
161
His 900 Propositions published
162
His Persecution and Death
1494.
162
ANGELO POLIZIANO.
ANGELO POLIZIANO.
(July 24th.) His Birth1454.162In Florence, he attracts the Attention of Lorenzo de' Medici163He engages him as Tutor to his Children164He obtains the Professorship of Greek and Latin in theUniversity of Florence165His Letter to Jacopo Antiquário1492.165Disasters which befell the Medici166Politian's Monody on Lorenzo166(September 24th.) Politian.—His Death1494.167
(July 24th.) His Birth
1454.
162
In Florence, he attracts the Attention of Lorenzo de' Medici
163
He engages him as Tutor to his Children
164
He obtains the Professorship of Greek and Latin in theUniversity of Florence
165
His Letter to Jacopo Antiquário
1492.
165
Disasters which befell the Medici
166
Politian's Monody on Lorenzo
166
(September 24th.) Politian.—His Death
1494.
167
BERNARDO PULCI.
BERNARDO PULCI.
His Origin167His Works167
His Origin
167
His Works
167
LUCA FULCI.
LUCA FULCI.
His Works167
His Works
167
LUIGI PULCI.
LUIGI PULCI.
Author of the "Morgante Maggiore"168Critique on "Morgante Maggiore"168The Family of the Heroes of Romance169Extract from the "Morgante Maggiore"171The Subject of the Poem172
Author of the "Morgante Maggiore"
168
Critique on "Morgante Maggiore"
168
The Family of the Heroes of Romance
169
Extract from the "Morgante Maggiore"
171
The Subject of the Poem
172
CIECO DA FERRARA.
CIECO DA FERRARA.
Author of "Mambriano"1509.179
Author of "Mambriano"
1509.
179
BURCHIELLO.
BURCHIELLO.
His Death1448.180
His Death
1448.
180
BOJARDO.
BOJARDO.
Matteo Maria Bojardo; his Ancestors181His Birth1434.181His Parents181His Education181He is sent out as one of the Noblemen to welcome Frederic III.to Ferrara1469.181Borso, Marquess of Ferrara, created Duke1471.181Bojardo accompanies him to Rome on his Investiture181Marriage of Bojardo to Taddea1472.182Bojardo selected by the Duke of Ercole to escort his Wife toFerrara1473.182He is made Governor of Reggio1478.182His Death1494.182His Lyrical Poetry182His Classical Works182An Extract from his "Orlando Innamorato"183
Matteo Maria Bojardo; his Ancestors
181
His Birth
1434.
181
His Parents
181
His Education
181
He is sent out as one of the Noblemen to welcome Frederic III.to Ferrara
1469.
181
Borso, Marquess of Ferrara, created Duke
1471.
181
Bojardo accompanies him to Rome on his Investiture
181
Marriage of Bojardo to Taddea
1472.
182
Bojardo selected by the Duke of Ercole to escort his Wife toFerrara
1473.
182
He is made Governor of Reggio
1478.
182
His Death
1494.
182
His Lyrical Poetry
182
His Classical Works
182
An Extract from his "Orlando Innamorato"
183
BERNI.
BERNI.
Francesco Berni188His Birth188His early Life188The Vignaiuoli established at Rome by Oberto Strozzi188Rome plundered by the Colonna1526.188(July 26th.) Death of Berni1536.189Publication of his "Rifacimento"189Alterations made by Berni in "Orlando Innamorato"192His introductory Stanzas which he appended to each Canto193His Person and Disposition193An Extract as a Specimen of his Humour194Bernese Poetry195
Francesco Berni
188
His Birth
188
His early Life
188
The Vignaiuoli established at Rome by Oberto Strozzi
188
Rome plundered by the Colonna
1526.
188
(July 26th.) Death of Berni
1536.
189
Publication of his "Rifacimento"
189
Alterations made by Berni in "Orlando Innamorato"
192
His introductory Stanzas which he appended to each Canto
193
His Person and Disposition
193
An Extract as a Specimen of his Humour
194
Bernese Poetry
195
ARIOSTO.
ARIOSTO.
(September 8th.) Ludovico Ariosto, his Birth1474.196His Lineage196His early Studies197Latin the universal Language of Writers198The Transmutation and Transfusion of the dead Languagesinto modern Tongues199Death of Ariosto's Father199His pecuniary Difficulties in consequence199His filial and paternal Affection200His Brothers Gabriele and Galasso200His Sisters200A Quotation from his second Satire, alluding to his Mother201His Bagatelles202He composes his "Orlando Furioso"203His Answer to Cardinal Bembo, who advises him to write it inLatin204The Duke of Ferrara threatened with the Thunders of theVatican204Ariosto sent as Ambassador to Rome on this Occasion205Julius II. enters into a League with the Venetians205The Papal Forces defeated at Ravenna205The Capture and Dispersion of the Republican Squadron on theRiver Po205Ariosto, his gallant Conduct on this Occasion205His second Embassy to Rome206His uncourteous Reception by the Pontiff206Emperor Alfonso, his fruitless Negotiations with the implacableJulius207And the perfidious Treatment he receives207The singular Manner in which he retaliates207The first Edition of the "Orlando Furioso"1515.207Succeeding Reprints and Variations of it208The last Edition1532.208Ariosto refuses to accompany Cardinal Hippolito to his Bishoprick208Their consequent Estrangement209A Story of Hippolito, his natural Brother, and a Lady to whomthey both paid their Addresses; the infamous and unnaturalConduct of the Cardinal209Independence of Ariosto210Ease, Freedom, and Independence necessary to the Life of aPoet210Letter of Ariosto to his Brother Alessandro212Ariosto enters the Service of Duke Alfonso217Discomforts and Mortifications of his precarious Circumstances218His Reasons for not taking Orders219Pope Leo X. issues a Bull in favour of the "Orlando Furioso"219What Claims had Ariosto on the Bounty of Leo X.?220Extracts from his Satires221The Dignity and Ease he enjoys at the Court of Alfonso226His Government of Graffagnana226His Rencontre with some of his uncouth Neighbours227Baretti, his Version of this Anecdote228Extract from his Satires229He is invited to accept a third Embassy to Rome230His Answer to Bonaventura Pistolfo230His Release from his Government232He perfects his "Orlando;" his Dramatic Works232A curious Anecdote of him when a Child232Remarks on his Writings234Ariosto, his last Illness1532.234Apocryphal Traditions of him235His Person235His Character236His Sons237His Elegies, Sonnets, and Madrigals237A Translation of one of his Sonnets238Difficulty of translating his Works239English Versions of his "Orlando Furioso"239His Recitation240Anecdote of him240His whimsical Peculiarities; his Habits241His Reveries242His last Hours243His Monument244Sketch of the Outline of the "Orlando Furioso"245Critical Remarks on it247A Sequel and Imitation of it250
(September 8th.) Ludovico Ariosto, his Birth
1474.
196
His Lineage
196
His early Studies
197
Latin the universal Language of Writers
198
The Transmutation and Transfusion of the dead Languagesinto modern Tongues
199
Death of Ariosto's Father
199
His pecuniary Difficulties in consequence
199
His filial and paternal Affection
200
His Brothers Gabriele and Galasso
200
His Sisters
200
A Quotation from his second Satire, alluding to his Mother
201
His Bagatelles
202
He composes his "Orlando Furioso"
203
His Answer to Cardinal Bembo, who advises him to write it inLatin
204
The Duke of Ferrara threatened with the Thunders of theVatican
204
Ariosto sent as Ambassador to Rome on this Occasion
205
Julius II. enters into a League with the Venetians
205
The Papal Forces defeated at Ravenna
205
The Capture and Dispersion of the Republican Squadron on theRiver Po
205
Ariosto, his gallant Conduct on this Occasion
205
His second Embassy to Rome
206
His uncourteous Reception by the Pontiff
206
Emperor Alfonso, his fruitless Negotiations with the implacableJulius
207
And the perfidious Treatment he receives
207
The singular Manner in which he retaliates
207
The first Edition of the "Orlando Furioso"
1515.
207
Succeeding Reprints and Variations of it
208
The last Edition
1532.
208
Ariosto refuses to accompany Cardinal Hippolito to his Bishoprick
208
Their consequent Estrangement
209
A Story of Hippolito, his natural Brother, and a Lady to whomthey both paid their Addresses; the infamous and unnaturalConduct of the Cardinal
209
Independence of Ariosto
210
Ease, Freedom, and Independence necessary to the Life of aPoet
210
Letter of Ariosto to his Brother Alessandro
212
Ariosto enters the Service of Duke Alfonso
217
Discomforts and Mortifications of his precarious Circumstances
218
His Reasons for not taking Orders
219
Pope Leo X. issues a Bull in favour of the "Orlando Furioso"
219
What Claims had Ariosto on the Bounty of Leo X.?
220
Extracts from his Satires
221
The Dignity and Ease he enjoys at the Court of Alfonso
226
His Government of Graffagnana
226
His Rencontre with some of his uncouth Neighbours
227
Baretti, his Version of this Anecdote
228
Extract from his Satires
229
He is invited to accept a third Embassy to Rome
230
His Answer to Bonaventura Pistolfo
230
His Release from his Government
232
He perfects his "Orlando;" his Dramatic Works
232
A curious Anecdote of him when a Child
232
Remarks on his Writings
234
Ariosto, his last Illness
1532.
234
Apocryphal Traditions of him
235
His Person
235
His Character
236
His Sons
237
His Elegies, Sonnets, and Madrigals
237
A Translation of one of his Sonnets
238
Difficulty of translating his Works
239
English Versions of his "Orlando Furioso"
239
His Recitation
240
Anecdote of him
240
His whimsical Peculiarities; his Habits
241
His Reveries
242
His last Hours
243
His Monument
244
Sketch of the Outline of the "Orlando Furioso"
245
Critical Remarks on it
247
A Sequel and Imitation of it
250
MACHIAVELLI.
MACHIAVELLI.
Origin of his Family850.256(February 3d.) His Birth1469.257His Parentage257Nothing known of his Childhood and Education257Paul Jovius257Machiavelli Secretary under Marcellus Virgil1494.257Florence agitated by the Prophet Salvanorola1497.258Marcellus Virgil elected High Chancellor258Machiavelli made Chancellor of the Second Court1498.258Is Secretary of the Council of Ten259His Missions to various Sovereigns and States259Italy convulsed by foreign Armies and domestic Quarrels1492.259Ludovico Sforza invites Charles VIII. of France into Italy,instigating him to assert his Right to the Neapolitan Crown260Entrance of the French into Italy; causes great Commotion inFlorence; the Overthrow and Exile of the Medicean Family1493.260Italy overrun by Charles260The Italian System of Warfare260Death of Charles VIII.1498.261Louis XII. succeeds him; his speedy Conquest of Milan261Pisa, under the Rule of Florence, repines at its Servitude; theyimplore Charles to restore their Independence1501.261Pisa besieged by the Florentines1500.262Machiavelli and Francesco della Caza employed by the Republicas Envoys to the French Court; curious Style of their Instructions262They fail in their Object, and return to Italy263Machiavelli, his Mission to Cæsar Borgia263Roderigo Borgia chosen Pope; he assumes the Name ofAlexander VI.264His Character264Cæsar Borgia raised to the Rank of Cardinal; his Dislike to theChurch264His Jealousy of his Brother, the Duke of Candia, whom hecauses to be waylaid and murdered264He abdicates the Cardinal's Hat, and obtains the Duchy ofValence in France265He determines to form the Principality in Italy265His Encroachments supported by an Alliance with Louis XII.265His Attack on Bologna266Revolt of his chief Condottieri266Conspiracy of Magione267Arrival of Machiavelli at Imola1502.268His Interview with Caesar Borgia268His Opinion of him268Cæsar Borgia, his Method of defending himself269His Policy269Paolo Orsino, his Arrival at Imola269Machiavelli, his Letter to the Signoria of Florence269His Conversation with Cæsar Borgia270His Admiration of Borgia's Talents271Machiavelli solicits to be recalled271Treaty between Caesar Borgia and the Confederates271Letter of Machiavelli on this Subject272Borgia leaves Imola273Machiavelli follows the Court to Cesena273His Letter273He again writes from Cesena274The Confederates sent to Sinigaglia275Arrival of Borgia at Sinigaglia275He causes the Orsini and Vitellozzo to be taken Prisoners275Machiavelli, his Account of this Transaction275His Letter275Treacherous and cruel Revenge of Borgia on the Confederates276(January 8th.) Machiavelli, his Letter to the Republic277His Recal to Florence1503.278His Description of the Method used by the Valentian Duke inputting to death Vitellozzo Vitelli278The "Decenal"278An Anecdote of Cæsar Borgia279Narrow Escape of Cæsar Borgia at Rome, it is supposed fromPoison280(August 28th.) Sudden Death of his Father, Pope Alexander281Accession of Pope Pius III.281Fall of the Fortunes of Cæsar Borgia281Machiavelli's Embassy to Rome to influence the Consultationsconcerning the future Destination of Cæsar Borgia281Julius II.281Borgia sent to Romagna in the Name of the Holy See282Cardinal Volterra sent after him with a Requisition; Borgiarefuses to comply; he is arrested in consequence, and sent onboard a French Galley283He is brought back to the Vatican; he is liberated283He goes to Naples283He forms new Schemes, is again arrested, and confined in theFortress of Medina del Campo284His Escape and Death1506.284Machiavelli leaves Rome, and goes to France1504.284Peace between France and Spain284Formation of a native Militia in Florence1506.285Pope Julius II., his Projects285The Florentines delegate Machiavelli to the Court Militant atRome; his Letters285Francesco Vettori treats with the Emperor Maximilian atTrent1507.286Machiavelli sent with the Ultimatum of the Florentines toTrent1508.286On his Return, writes his "Account of Germany"286Pisa besieged by the Florentines1509.286Machiavelli sent to assist them286Enmity between Louis XII. and the Pope287Machiavelli, his Mission to Louis; his Letters1510.287His Audience with the King at Blois288Pietro Soderini elected Doge of Florence1511.288Louis determines to dethrone him; Florence offers him Pisafor it288Terrified by the Menaces of the Pope, they send Machiavelli torecal this Offer288Disastrous War, the Consequence289Diet of Mantua1512.289Overthrow of the existing Government of Florence289Restoration of the Medici289Machiavelli deprived of his Place291Conspiracy against the Medici291Machiavelli supposed to be implicated; is thrown into Prisonin consequence291He is included in an Amnesty of the new Pope, Leo X.291His Letter to Francesco Vettori; his Liberation1513.291Letter of Vettori to Machiavelli292His Letter in Reply292Vettori, his Endeavours in behalf of Machiavelli293Machiavelli, his Letter to Vittori294Analysis of his Work, called the "Prince"297Machiavelian Policy300His Essays on the first "Decade of Livy"304His "Art of War"304His "Belfegor"304His Comedies304His Letter to Vettori1514.305Address of Pope Leo X. to Machiavelli; his Advice1519.306Machiavelli, his Reply306His "Essay on the Reform of the Government of Florence"306Machiavelli Ambassador to the Minor Friars at Carpi1521.306Letter of Francesco Guicciardini on his Appointment;Machiavelli, his Reply307Cardinal Julius commissions him to write the History ofFlorence1524.307Cardinal Julius becomes Pope Clement VII.; he makesMachiavelli his Historiographer1526.308Deplorable State of Italy308Constable Bourbon at Milan308Machiavelli sent by the Pope to inspect the Fortifications atFlorence309Arrival of Bourbon at Bologna1527.309A Truce concluded between Clement VII. and Charles V.310(6th of May.) Sack of Rome310Machiavelli assists the Italians in relieving the Pope, who isbesieged in the Castel Sant' Angelo310He returns to Florence310His Death311His Wife and Children311His Person and Character311Complete Edition of his Works published1782.312His Descendants312
Origin of his Family
850.
256
(February 3d.) His Birth
1469.
257
His Parentage
257
Nothing known of his Childhood and Education
257
Paul Jovius
257
Machiavelli Secretary under Marcellus Virgil
1494.
257
Florence agitated by the Prophet Salvanorola
1497.
258
Marcellus Virgil elected High Chancellor
258
Machiavelli made Chancellor of the Second Court
1498.
258
Is Secretary of the Council of Ten
259
His Missions to various Sovereigns and States
259
Italy convulsed by foreign Armies and domestic Quarrels
1492.
259
Ludovico Sforza invites Charles VIII. of France into Italy,instigating him to assert his Right to the Neapolitan Crown
260
Entrance of the French into Italy; causes great Commotion inFlorence; the Overthrow and Exile of the Medicean Family
1493.
260
Italy overrun by Charles
260
The Italian System of Warfare
260
Death of Charles VIII.
1498.
261
Louis XII. succeeds him; his speedy Conquest of Milan
261
Pisa, under the Rule of Florence, repines at its Servitude; theyimplore Charles to restore their Independence
1501.
261
Pisa besieged by the Florentines
1500.
262
Machiavelli and Francesco della Caza employed by the Republicas Envoys to the French Court; curious Style of their Instructions
262
They fail in their Object, and return to Italy
263
Machiavelli, his Mission to Cæsar Borgia
263
Roderigo Borgia chosen Pope; he assumes the Name ofAlexander VI.
264
His Character
264
Cæsar Borgia raised to the Rank of Cardinal; his Dislike to theChurch
264
His Jealousy of his Brother, the Duke of Candia, whom hecauses to be waylaid and murdered
264
He abdicates the Cardinal's Hat, and obtains the Duchy ofValence in France
265
He determines to form the Principality in Italy
265
His Encroachments supported by an Alliance with Louis XII.
265
His Attack on Bologna
266
Revolt of his chief Condottieri
266
Conspiracy of Magione
267
Arrival of Machiavelli at Imola
1502.
268
His Interview with Caesar Borgia
268
His Opinion of him
268
Cæsar Borgia, his Method of defending himself
269
His Policy
269
Paolo Orsino, his Arrival at Imola
269
Machiavelli, his Letter to the Signoria of Florence
269
His Conversation with Cæsar Borgia
270
His Admiration of Borgia's Talents
271
Machiavelli solicits to be recalled
271
Treaty between Caesar Borgia and the Confederates
271
Letter of Machiavelli on this Subject
272
Borgia leaves Imola
273
Machiavelli follows the Court to Cesena
273
His Letter
273
He again writes from Cesena
274
The Confederates sent to Sinigaglia
275
Arrival of Borgia at Sinigaglia
275
He causes the Orsini and Vitellozzo to be taken Prisoners
275
Machiavelli, his Account of this Transaction
275
His Letter
275
Treacherous and cruel Revenge of Borgia on the Confederates
276
(January 8th.) Machiavelli, his Letter to the Republic
277
His Recal to Florence
1503.
278
His Description of the Method used by the Valentian Duke inputting to death Vitellozzo Vitelli
278
The "Decenal"
278
An Anecdote of Cæsar Borgia
279
Narrow Escape of Cæsar Borgia at Rome, it is supposed fromPoison
280
(August 28th.) Sudden Death of his Father, Pope Alexander
281
Accession of Pope Pius III.
281
Fall of the Fortunes of Cæsar Borgia
281
Machiavelli's Embassy to Rome to influence the Consultationsconcerning the future Destination of Cæsar Borgia
281
Julius II.
281
Borgia sent to Romagna in the Name of the Holy See
282
Cardinal Volterra sent after him with a Requisition; Borgiarefuses to comply; he is arrested in consequence, and sent onboard a French Galley
283
He is brought back to the Vatican; he is liberated
283
He goes to Naples
283
He forms new Schemes, is again arrested, and confined in theFortress of Medina del Campo
284
His Escape and Death
1506.
284
Machiavelli leaves Rome, and goes to France
1504.
284
Peace between France and Spain
284
Formation of a native Militia in Florence
1506.
285
Pope Julius II., his Projects
285
The Florentines delegate Machiavelli to the Court Militant atRome; his Letters
285
Francesco Vettori treats with the Emperor Maximilian atTrent
1507.
286
Machiavelli sent with the Ultimatum of the Florentines toTrent
1508.
286
On his Return, writes his "Account of Germany"
286
Pisa besieged by the Florentines
1509.
286
Machiavelli sent to assist them
286
Enmity between Louis XII. and the Pope
287
Machiavelli, his Mission to Louis; his Letters
1510.
287
His Audience with the King at Blois
288
Pietro Soderini elected Doge of Florence
1511.
288
Louis determines to dethrone him; Florence offers him Pisafor it
288
Terrified by the Menaces of the Pope, they send Machiavelli torecal this Offer
288
Disastrous War, the Consequence
289
Diet of Mantua
1512.
289
Overthrow of the existing Government of Florence
289
Restoration of the Medici
289
Machiavelli deprived of his Place
291
Conspiracy against the Medici
291
Machiavelli supposed to be implicated; is thrown into Prisonin consequence
291
He is included in an Amnesty of the new Pope, Leo X.
291
His Letter to Francesco Vettori; his Liberation
1513.
291
Letter of Vettori to Machiavelli
292
His Letter in Reply
292
Vettori, his Endeavours in behalf of Machiavelli
293
Machiavelli, his Letter to Vittori
294
Analysis of his Work, called the "Prince"
297
Machiavelian Policy
300
His Essays on the first "Decade of Livy"
304
His "Art of War"
304
His "Belfegor"
304
His Comedies
304
His Letter to Vettori
1514.
305
Address of Pope Leo X. to Machiavelli; his Advice
1519.
306
Machiavelli, his Reply
306
His "Essay on the Reform of the Government of Florence"
306
Machiavelli Ambassador to the Minor Friars at Carpi
1521.
306
Letter of Francesco Guicciardini on his Appointment;Machiavelli, his Reply
307
Cardinal Julius commissions him to write the History ofFlorence
1524.
307
Cardinal Julius becomes Pope Clement VII.; he makesMachiavelli his Historiographer
1526.
308
Deplorable State of Italy
308
Constable Bourbon at Milan
308
Machiavelli sent by the Pope to inspect the Fortifications atFlorence
309
Arrival of Bourbon at Bologna
1527.
309
A Truce concluded between Clement VII. and Charles V.
310
(6th of May.) Sack of Rome
310
Machiavelli assists the Italians in relieving the Pope, who isbesieged in the Castel Sant' Angelo
310
He returns to Florence
310
His Death
311
His Wife and Children
311
His Person and Character
311
Complete Edition of his Works published
1782.
312
His Descendants
312