FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[1]Zurita, Anales de Aragon, v. 36.[2]Zurita (iv, 55) says he diedsin dexar ninguna sucesion. Notwithstanding this, Cittadella, in hisSaggio di Albero Genealogico e di memorie su la Familia Borgia(Turin, 1872), ascribes two children to this Pedro Luis, Silvia and Cardinal Giovanni Borgia, the younger.[3]Raynaldus, 1460. No. 31.[4]Statura procerus, colore medio, nigris oculis, ore paululum pleniore. Hieron. Portius, Commentarius, a rare publication of 1493, in the Casanatense in Rome.[5]Gianandrea Boccaccio to the duke, Rome, February 25 and March 11, 1493. State archives of Modena.[6]Sanuto, Diar. v. i, 258.[7]Abstract of the marriage contract in the archives of the Capitol. Cred. xiv, T. 72. From an instrument of the notary Agostino Martini.[8]See Adinolfi's notice quoted by the author in his Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter. 2d Aufl. vii, 312.[9]The letter, with the inscription "A Messer Carlo Canale," is printed in the edition of Milan, 1808. Angelo Poliziano, Le Stanze e l'Orfeo ed altre poesie.[10]In the archives of Mantua there is a letter from the Marchesa Isabella to Carlo Canale, dated December 4, 1499.[11]Lodovico Gonzaga to Bartolomeo Erba, Siamo contenti contrahi in nome nro. compaternità cum M. Carolo Canale, et cussi per questa nostra ti commettiamo et constituimo nostro Procuratore. Note by Affò in his introduction to the Orfeo, p. 113.[12]MaAdriana Ursina, la quale è socera de la dicta madona Julia (Farnese), che ha sempre governata essa sposa (Lucrezia) in casa propria per esser in loco de nepote del Pontifice, la fu figliola de messer Piedro de Mila, noto a V. Ema Sigria, cusino carnale del Papa. Despatch from the above named to Ercole, Rome, June 13, 1493, in the state archives of Modena. And again she is mentioned in a despatch of May 6, 1493, as madona Adriana Ursina soa governatrice figliola che fu del quondam messer Pietro del Mila.[13]Jacobus Burgomensisde claris mulieribus, Paris, 1521.[14]Accedit studium illud tuum et perquam fertile bonarum litterarum in quo hac in aetate seris.... Non deerit surgenti tuæ virtuti commodus aliquando et idoneus praeco.—At tu Cæsar profecto non parum laudandus es; qui in hac aetate tam facile senem agis. Perge nostri temporis Borgiæ familiæ spes et decus. Introduction to the Syllabica. Rome, 1488. Gennarelli's Edition of Burchard's Diary.[15]Regarding Cæsar's studies at Pisa, see Angelo Fabroni, Hist. Acad. Pisan. i, 160, 201.[16]On June 16, 1491, some changes were made in this contract, which Beneimbene has noted in the same protocol-book.[17]Cum simonia et mille ribalderie et inhonestate si è venduto il Pontificato che è cose ignominiosa et detestabile. Despatch of Giacomo Trotti, Ambassador of Ferrara in Milan, to the Duke Ercole, August 28, 1492, in the archives of Modena.[18]These stanzas were written by Hieronymus Porcius, who printed them in Hieronym. Porcius Patritius Romanus Rotæ Primarius Auditor.... Commentarius; a rare publication of Eucharius Silber, Rome, September 18, 1493. The stanzas of Michele Ferno of Milan conclude:Borgia stirps: bos: atque Ceres transcendit Olympo,Cantabunt nomen sæcula cuncta suum;which turned out to be a true prophecy. See Michæl Fernus Historia nova Alexandri VI ab Innocentii obitu VIII; an equally rare publication of the same Eucharius Silber, A. 1493.[19]Ex arce Spoletina, die v. Oct. (Di propria mano). Vr. vti fr. Cesar de Borja Elect. Valentin. Published by Reumont in Archiv. Stor. Ital. Serie 3, T. xvii, 1873. 3 Dispensa.[20]Era venuto il primo marito de la dicta nepote, qual fu rimesso a Napoli, non visto da niuno.... Despatch of Gianandrea Boccaccio, Bishop of Modena, Rome, November 2, 1492, and November 5 and 9. Archives of Modena.[21]Despatch of that date in the archives of Mantua. Lucretia was still sometimes designated as the Pope's niece.[22]Gianandrea Boccaccio to Duke Ercole, Rome, February 25, 1493.[23]Ms. Memoirs of Pesaro, by Pietro Marzetti and Ludovico Zacconi, in the Bibl. Oliveriana of Pesaro.[24]Boccaccio's despatches, Rome, February 25, March 11, 1493.[25]Magni et excellentis ingenii et preclare indolis; præ se fert speciem fillii magni Principis, et super omnia ilaris et jocundus, e tutto festa: cum magna siquidem modestia est longe melioris et prestantioris aspectus, quam sit dux Candie germanus suus. Anchora lue è dotato di bone parte. Despatch of March 19, 1493.[26]Mai fù visto il più carnale homo; l'hama questa madona Lucrezia in superlativo gradu. Boccaccio's Despatch, Rome, April 4, 1493. The wordcarnaleis to be taken only in the sense of nepotism, as it is plainly so used elsewhere by the ambassador.[27]Cod. Aragon, ii, 2.67, ed Trinchera.[28]Carte Strozziane, filz 343. In the archives of Florence.[29]Lelia Ursina de Farnesio congratulated him on his appointment, January 13, 1494. Ibidem.[30]In the earlier edition of this work I found some difficulty in the passage: "Chredo che questa puta sia figlia del Papa, como Madonna Luchretia è nipote di S. R. Signoria." I am now convinced that the è is an error of the writer or the copyist and should be simply the conduction e. Lorenzo Pucci's brother Giannozzo was married to Lucrezia Bini, a Florentine, who is mentioned later in this same letter.[31]This letter is printed in Atti e Memorie Modenesi, i. 433.[32]Despatch of Giorgio Brognolo to the Marchese, Rome, May 6 and 15, 1494. Archives of Mantua.[33]Despatch of Jacomo Trotti to Duke Ercole, Milan, June 11, 1494. May 1st the women were still in Rome, for on that date Madonna Adriana wrote a letter from there to the Marchesa of Mantua recommending a friend to her. The letter is in the Mantuan archives.[34]The letter is published in Ugolino's Storia dei Conti e Duchi d'Urbino, II. Document No. 13. I saw the original in the state archives of Florence; only the address is in Alexander's hand, the rest is written by the Chancellor Juan Lopez, who signs himself Jo. Datarius.[35]Memorie di Tommaso Diplovatazio Patrizio Constantinopolitano e Pesarese, da Annibale Olivieri. Pesaro, 1771.[36]Regarding Collenuccio see the works of his compatriot Giulio Perticari, Opp. Bologna, 1837. Vol. ii, 52 sqq.[37]This information is given by Marino Sanuto, Venuta di Carlo VIII, in Italia; original in the Paris library, also a copy in the Marciana. He calls Giulia "favorita del Pontefice, di età giovane, et bellissima savia accorda et mansueta."[38]According to one of Brognolo's despatches (Mantuan archives) Giulia and Adriana returned December 1st, on which date Pandolfo Collenuccio, who was in Rome, wrote, "Una optima novella ce è per alcuno. Che MaJulia si è recuperata, et andò Messer Joan Marrades per Lei. Et è venuta in Roma: e dicesi, che Domenica de nocte allogiò in Palazzo." Archives of Modena.[39]Despatch of Giacomo Trotti, Milan, December 21, 1494. Archives of Modena.[40]Che li pareva ogni hora vedere messer Bartolomeo da Calche venire a Sua Ecciacum una staffetta, chel papa fosse preso, e li fosse taliata la testa.[41]Trotti to the Duke of Ferrara, Milan, December 24, 1494.[42]This is the date given by Marino Sanuto in his Ms. History of the Invasion of Charles VIII, fol. 470.[43]These dates are from the Diary of Marino Sanuto, vol. i. fol. 55, 58, 85.[44]Il di de S. Laurentio il Duca de Gandia figliuolo del Papa, intrò in Roma accompagnato dal Card. de Valentia, et tutta la corte con grandissima pompa. Despatch of Ludovico Carissimi to the Duke of Ferrara, Rome, August 15, 1496. Archives of Modena.[45]Boccaccio to Ercole, March 24, 1495.[46]The report is given in Diar. Marino Sanuto, vol. i, 258, and is reprinted in part in the Civiltà Cattolica, March 15, 1873, p. 727. The entire passage is as follows: Da Roma per le lettere del orator nostro se intese et etiam de private persone cossa assai abominevole in la chiesa di Dio che al papa erra nato un fiolo di una dona romana maridata ch'el padre l'havea rufianata e di questa il marito invitò il suocero ala vigna el lo uccise tagliandoli el capo ponendo quello sopra uno legno con letere che dicera questo e il capo de mio suocero che a rufianato sua fiola al papa et che inteso questo il papa fece metter el dito in exilio di Roma con Taglia. Questa nova vene per letere particular etiam si godea con la sua spagnola menatali di spagna per suo fiol duca di Gandia novamente li venuto.[47]Epitaphia clarissimarum mulierum que virtute: arte: aut aliqua nota claruerunt. Codex Hartmann Schedel in the State Library of Munich.[48]Lod. Zacconi, Hist. di Pesaro, Ms. in the Bibl. Oliveriana; also Pietro Marzetti.[49]Letters in the Gonzaga archives in Mantua.[50]Battista Almerici I, and Pietro Marzetti, Memorie di Pesaro, Ms. in the Oliveriana. These chronicles are often confusing as to dates and full of mistakes.[51]Marino Sanuto, Diar. vol. i, 410. March, 1497.[52]This document is given in part by Amati in Strozzi's Periodico di Numismatica, Anno III, part ii, p. 73. Florence, 1870.[53]In the archives of Modena. Letters of Donato Aretino from Rome.[54]Letter of Ludovico Carissimi, Rome, August 8, 1497. Archives of Modena.[55]Et mancho se è curato de fare prova de se qua con Done per poterne chiarire el Rmo. Legato che era qua, sebbene S. Extiatastandolo sopra ciò gli ne habia facto offerta. Despatch from the Ferrarese ambassador in Milan, Antonio Costabili, to Duke Ercole, Milan, June 23, 1497. Archives of Modena.[56]Concerning this, Pandolfo Collenuccio, a member of Cardinal Ippolito's suite in Rome, wrote to the Duke of Ferrara, December 25, 1498 (1497), as follows: El S. de Pesaro ha scripto qua de sua mano: non haverla mai cognosciuta ... et esser impotente, alias la sententia non se potea dare.... El prefato S. dice però haver scripto così per obedire el Duca de Milano et Aschanio. The autographic letter is in the archives of Modena.[57]In the same despatch from Milan, June 23, 1497, the Ferrarese Ambassador Costabili stated that Sforza had said to the Duke Ludovico: Anzi haverla conosciuta infinite volte, ma chel Papa non gelha tolta per altro se non per usare con Lei. Extendendose molto a carico di S. Beatno.[58]The original of this letter is in the archives of Modena.[59]Bisceglie, formerly pronounced and written Biseglia or Biselli. Quadrata is now Corato, near Andria.[60]Despatch of Joh. Lucidus Cataneus, Rome, August 8, 1498. Gonzaga archives.[61]The briefs are in the state archives of Venice.[62]The instrument is in Beneimbene's protocol-book.[63]The instrument is in Beneimbene's protocol-book.[64]Diary of Marino Saruto, ii, 751.[65]This brief is in the state archives of Spoleto.[66]The Bull of Investiture, written on parchment, is dated Rome, 1499, Non. (the month is not given). It is an absolutedonum. The document is now in the archives of Modena.[67]Both briefs are preserved in the archives of the State-house of Nepi.[68]The documents concerning this sale, dated February 11 to 15, 1500, are preserved in the archives of Modena.[69]Manuscript in the Vatican, No. 5205.[70]Collocutores itinerantes Tuscus et Remus, Romæ in Campo Floræ, 1497.[71]See the author's essay, Das Archiv der Notare des Capitols in Rom, and the protocol-book of the Notary Camillus de Beneimbene, 1457 to 1505. Proceedings of k. bayr. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München, 1872. Part iv.[72]In the Codex Hartmann Schedel in the state library of Munich.[73]Piazza (Gerarchia Cardinalizia) states that he saw it as late as 1712.[74]In the Gonzaga archives.[75]In questa mattina ho hauto lo adviso de la morte del RmoCard. Borgiamio fratrepassato de questa vita in Urbino. Forli, January 16, 1500. Archives of Modena.[76]A. 1500, Jan. 22 (this is incorrect), mori il Carle Borgia fiolo de Papa Alexoa Orbino. Silva Cronicarum Bernardini Zambotti. Ms. in the library of Ferrara.[77]La bona memoria del Cardinale Borgia mio fratre. Rome, July 30, 1500. Gonzaga archives.[78]Cittadella's opinion that Giovanni Borgia, junior, was a son of Pierluigi, Alexander's brother, is also incorrect.[79]Femina quasi virago crudelissima et di gran animo. Venuta di Carlo VIII, p. 811, Ms. Virago here means amazon.[80]Over the Porta Romana and on the bastions may still be seen the colossal arms of Paul III and those of his son carved in stone. The inscription reads:P. ALOISIVS FARNESIVS DVX I. CASTRI ET NEPETE MVNIMENTVM HOC AD TVTELAM CIVITATIS EXSTRVXIT. MDXL.[81]His correspondence with Gonzaga is preserved in the archives of Mantua.[82]Ad. Pisaurenses: Guidi Posthumi Silvestris Pisaurensis Elegiarum Librii ii, p. 33. Bonon, 1524.[83]Pietro Marzetti, Memorie di Pesaro. Ms. in the Oliveriana.[84]Compare Sannazzaro's epitaph on Alexander VI with the epigram of Guido Posthumus: In Tumulum Sexti.[85]Cardinal Ferrari to Ercole, Rome, February 18, 1501. This is the first of the letters regarding this subject in the archives of Modena.[86]Ercole's letter to his ambassador in Florence, Manfredo Manfredi, April 25, 1501. Archives of Modena.[87]Ferrari to Ercole, May 1, 1501.[88]Girolamo Saerati to Ercole, Rome, May 8, 1501.[89]Bartolomeo de' Cavallieri, Ferrarese ambassador to France, to Ercole, Chalons, May 26, 1501.[90]At least such was the plan advocated by Monsignor de Trans, French ambassador in Rome. Letter of Aldovrandus de Guidonibus to Duke Ercole, Lugo, April 25, 1501. State archives of Modena.[91]Bartolomeo de' Cavallieri to Ercole, Lyons, June 22, 1501.[92]Ercole to Giovanni Valla, July 8, 1501. Ercole to the Cardinal of Rouen, July 8, 1501.[93]Despatches of Bartolomeo de'Cavallieri, Ferrarese ambassador at the court of France, to Ercole, July 10, 14, and 21, 1501.[94]Despatch of the same, undated.[95]Ercole to Giovanni Valla, his special envoy to the Cardinal of Rouen, in Milan, July 21 and 26, 1501.[96]Da Roma accertasi, che la figliola del papa ha partorito.... Giov. Alberto della Pigna to the duke, Venice, March 15, 1498. Archives of Modena.[97]One of the first statements that Cæsar was his brother's murderer is found in a despatch of the Ferrarese ambassador at Venice. De novo ho inteso, como de la morte del Duca di Candia fo causa el Cardinale suo fratello. Pigna's despatch to Ercole, Venice, February 22, 1498.[98]The Malipiero letter (Archiv. Stor. It. VII, i, 490) contains the following: Si dice, que il sig. Giovanni Sforza ha fatto questo effetto (the murder of Gandia) perchè il Duca (di Gandia) usava con la sorella, sua consorte, la qual è fiola del Papa, ma d'un altra madre (which was incorrect). The Venetian ambassador, Polo Capello, refers to this rumor (si dice) in his well known Relation of September, 1500.[99]Cavallieri to Ercole, Lyons, August 8, 1501. The Pope has written his nuncio that he agreed to the duke's demands, for the purpose of concluding the marriage, which would be extraordinarily advantageous to himself and the Duke of Romagna.[100]Despatches of the Ferrarese ambassador, Bartolomeo Cartari, from Venice, June 25, July 28, and August 2, 1501. Archives of Modena.[101]Ercole's letter to Pozzi in Ferrara, August 25, 1501. Maximilian's letters are not in the Este archives but in Vienna.[102]The instrument was drawn by Beneimbene.[103]Cardinal Ferrari to Ercole, Rome, August 27, 1501.[104]Ducal Records, September 1, 1501.[105]The letter is reproduced in Zucchetti's Lucrezia Borgia, Duchessa di Ferrara, Milan, 1869.[106]Ed altre cose che egli disse per maggiormente magnificare il fatto. Matteo Canale to the Duke of Ferrara, Rome, September 11, 1501.[107]Quale mi pare già essere optima Ferrarese. Despatch from Rome, September 15th.[108]Che voleva havessimo veduto che la Duchessa non era zoppa. Saraceni to Ercole, Rome, September 16th.[109]Rome, September 23d, Saraceni.[110]Despatch, September 25th.[111]To this Ercole replied in reassuring terms. Letter to his orators in Rome, September 18, 1501.[112]Despatch of Matteo Canale to Ercole, Rome, September 18, 1501.[113]Both bulls are in the archives of Modena. The first is a copy, the second an original. The lead seal is wanting, but the red and yellow silk by which it was attached is still preserved. I first discovered the facts in a manuscript in the Barberiniana in Rome.[114]Mandate of the Pope regarding certain taxes, dated July 21, 1502: Nobili Infanti Johanni Borgia, nostro secundum carnem nepoti; and in another brief, dated June 12, 1502, Dil filii nobilis infantis Johannis Borgia ducis Nepesini delecti filii nobilis viri Cæsaris Borgia de Francia, etc. Archives of Modena.[115]Geradi to Ercole, Rome, September 28th.[116]Datum in civitate Hispali, January 7, 1502. Yo el rey. Archives of Modena. In Liber Arrendamentorum Terrarum ad Illmos Dnos Rodericum Bor. de Aragonia Sermoneti, et Jo. de bor., Nepesin. Duces infantes spectantium et alearq. scripturar. status eorundem tangentium. Biselli, 1502.[117]Lucretia to Ercole, October 18th; Ercole to Lucretia, October 23d.[118]Gerardo to Ercole, October 15, 1501.[119]Ercole to Don Francesco de Roxas, October 24, 1501.[120]Gerardo Saraceni to Ercole, Rome, October 26, 1501.[121]Per essere queste romane salvatiche et male apte a cavallo.[122]Gerardo to Ercole, October 26, 1501.[123]The orator Manfredo Manfredi to Ercole, Florence, November 22 and 24, 1501.[124]The duke to his ambassadors in Rome, October 7, 1501.[125]Ercole to Gerardo Saraceni, November 24, 1501. Other letters of like import were written by the duke to his plenipotentiaries.[126]Ercole to Gerardo Saraceni in Rome, October 11, 1501.[127]Despatch of the Ferrarese ambassadors to Ercole, Rome, October 31, 1501.[128]Il quale mal effecto volendo nui fugire, seamo condescesi a contrahere la affinita cum soa Santità. Responsum illmi Dni ducis Ferrarie D. Augustino Semetie Ces Mtis secretario. Ferrara, November 22, 1501.[129]Che il procedere del Duca era un procedere da mercatante. Ercole to Gerardo Saraceni, December 1, 1501.[130]Ercole to Alexander VI, December 1, 1501.[131]Despatch of Giovanni Lucido, in the archives of Mantua.[132]The report of this agent, who signs himself El Prete, is preserved in the archives of Mantua.[133]The Farrarese agent, Bartolomeo Bresciani, who had been sent to Rome on matters connected with the Church, is no less complimentary. He says, la Excell. V. remagnera molto ben satisfacto da questa Illma Madona per essere dotada de tanti costumi et buntade. (To the duke, October 30, 1501.) He informed him also that Lucretia often conversed with a saintly person who had been secluded in the Vatican for eight years.

[1]Zurita, Anales de Aragon, v. 36.

[2]Zurita (iv, 55) says he diedsin dexar ninguna sucesion. Notwithstanding this, Cittadella, in hisSaggio di Albero Genealogico e di memorie su la Familia Borgia(Turin, 1872), ascribes two children to this Pedro Luis, Silvia and Cardinal Giovanni Borgia, the younger.

[3]Raynaldus, 1460. No. 31.

[4]Statura procerus, colore medio, nigris oculis, ore paululum pleniore. Hieron. Portius, Commentarius, a rare publication of 1493, in the Casanatense in Rome.

[5]Gianandrea Boccaccio to the duke, Rome, February 25 and March 11, 1493. State archives of Modena.

[6]Sanuto, Diar. v. i, 258.

[7]Abstract of the marriage contract in the archives of the Capitol. Cred. xiv, T. 72. From an instrument of the notary Agostino Martini.

[8]See Adinolfi's notice quoted by the author in his Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter. 2d Aufl. vii, 312.

[9]The letter, with the inscription "A Messer Carlo Canale," is printed in the edition of Milan, 1808. Angelo Poliziano, Le Stanze e l'Orfeo ed altre poesie.

[10]In the archives of Mantua there is a letter from the Marchesa Isabella to Carlo Canale, dated December 4, 1499.

[11]Lodovico Gonzaga to Bartolomeo Erba, Siamo contenti contrahi in nome nro. compaternità cum M. Carolo Canale, et cussi per questa nostra ti commettiamo et constituimo nostro Procuratore. Note by Affò in his introduction to the Orfeo, p. 113.

[12]MaAdriana Ursina, la quale è socera de la dicta madona Julia (Farnese), che ha sempre governata essa sposa (Lucrezia) in casa propria per esser in loco de nepote del Pontifice, la fu figliola de messer Piedro de Mila, noto a V. Ema Sigria, cusino carnale del Papa. Despatch from the above named to Ercole, Rome, June 13, 1493, in the state archives of Modena. And again she is mentioned in a despatch of May 6, 1493, as madona Adriana Ursina soa governatrice figliola che fu del quondam messer Pietro del Mila.

[13]Jacobus Burgomensisde claris mulieribus, Paris, 1521.

[14]Accedit studium illud tuum et perquam fertile bonarum litterarum in quo hac in aetate seris.... Non deerit surgenti tuæ virtuti commodus aliquando et idoneus praeco.—At tu Cæsar profecto non parum laudandus es; qui in hac aetate tam facile senem agis. Perge nostri temporis Borgiæ familiæ spes et decus. Introduction to the Syllabica. Rome, 1488. Gennarelli's Edition of Burchard's Diary.

[15]Regarding Cæsar's studies at Pisa, see Angelo Fabroni, Hist. Acad. Pisan. i, 160, 201.

[16]On June 16, 1491, some changes were made in this contract, which Beneimbene has noted in the same protocol-book.

[17]Cum simonia et mille ribalderie et inhonestate si è venduto il Pontificato che è cose ignominiosa et detestabile. Despatch of Giacomo Trotti, Ambassador of Ferrara in Milan, to the Duke Ercole, August 28, 1492, in the archives of Modena.

[18]These stanzas were written by Hieronymus Porcius, who printed them in Hieronym. Porcius Patritius Romanus Rotæ Primarius Auditor.... Commentarius; a rare publication of Eucharius Silber, Rome, September 18, 1493. The stanzas of Michele Ferno of Milan conclude:Borgia stirps: bos: atque Ceres transcendit Olympo,Cantabunt nomen sæcula cuncta suum;which turned out to be a true prophecy. See Michæl Fernus Historia nova Alexandri VI ab Innocentii obitu VIII; an equally rare publication of the same Eucharius Silber, A. 1493.

Borgia stirps: bos: atque Ceres transcendit Olympo,Cantabunt nomen sæcula cuncta suum;

which turned out to be a true prophecy. See Michæl Fernus Historia nova Alexandri VI ab Innocentii obitu VIII; an equally rare publication of the same Eucharius Silber, A. 1493.

[19]Ex arce Spoletina, die v. Oct. (Di propria mano). Vr. vti fr. Cesar de Borja Elect. Valentin. Published by Reumont in Archiv. Stor. Ital. Serie 3, T. xvii, 1873. 3 Dispensa.

[20]Era venuto il primo marito de la dicta nepote, qual fu rimesso a Napoli, non visto da niuno.... Despatch of Gianandrea Boccaccio, Bishop of Modena, Rome, November 2, 1492, and November 5 and 9. Archives of Modena.

[21]Despatch of that date in the archives of Mantua. Lucretia was still sometimes designated as the Pope's niece.

[22]Gianandrea Boccaccio to Duke Ercole, Rome, February 25, 1493.

[23]Ms. Memoirs of Pesaro, by Pietro Marzetti and Ludovico Zacconi, in the Bibl. Oliveriana of Pesaro.

[24]Boccaccio's despatches, Rome, February 25, March 11, 1493.

[25]Magni et excellentis ingenii et preclare indolis; præ se fert speciem fillii magni Principis, et super omnia ilaris et jocundus, e tutto festa: cum magna siquidem modestia est longe melioris et prestantioris aspectus, quam sit dux Candie germanus suus. Anchora lue è dotato di bone parte. Despatch of March 19, 1493.

[26]Mai fù visto il più carnale homo; l'hama questa madona Lucrezia in superlativo gradu. Boccaccio's Despatch, Rome, April 4, 1493. The wordcarnaleis to be taken only in the sense of nepotism, as it is plainly so used elsewhere by the ambassador.

[27]Cod. Aragon, ii, 2.67, ed Trinchera.

[28]Carte Strozziane, filz 343. In the archives of Florence.

[29]Lelia Ursina de Farnesio congratulated him on his appointment, January 13, 1494. Ibidem.

[30]In the earlier edition of this work I found some difficulty in the passage: "Chredo che questa puta sia figlia del Papa, como Madonna Luchretia è nipote di S. R. Signoria." I am now convinced that the è is an error of the writer or the copyist and should be simply the conduction e. Lorenzo Pucci's brother Giannozzo was married to Lucrezia Bini, a Florentine, who is mentioned later in this same letter.

[31]This letter is printed in Atti e Memorie Modenesi, i. 433.

[32]Despatch of Giorgio Brognolo to the Marchese, Rome, May 6 and 15, 1494. Archives of Mantua.

[33]Despatch of Jacomo Trotti to Duke Ercole, Milan, June 11, 1494. May 1st the women were still in Rome, for on that date Madonna Adriana wrote a letter from there to the Marchesa of Mantua recommending a friend to her. The letter is in the Mantuan archives.

[34]The letter is published in Ugolino's Storia dei Conti e Duchi d'Urbino, II. Document No. 13. I saw the original in the state archives of Florence; only the address is in Alexander's hand, the rest is written by the Chancellor Juan Lopez, who signs himself Jo. Datarius.

[35]Memorie di Tommaso Diplovatazio Patrizio Constantinopolitano e Pesarese, da Annibale Olivieri. Pesaro, 1771.

[36]Regarding Collenuccio see the works of his compatriot Giulio Perticari, Opp. Bologna, 1837. Vol. ii, 52 sqq.

[37]This information is given by Marino Sanuto, Venuta di Carlo VIII, in Italia; original in the Paris library, also a copy in the Marciana. He calls Giulia "favorita del Pontefice, di età giovane, et bellissima savia accorda et mansueta."

[38]According to one of Brognolo's despatches (Mantuan archives) Giulia and Adriana returned December 1st, on which date Pandolfo Collenuccio, who was in Rome, wrote, "Una optima novella ce è per alcuno. Che MaJulia si è recuperata, et andò Messer Joan Marrades per Lei. Et è venuta in Roma: e dicesi, che Domenica de nocte allogiò in Palazzo." Archives of Modena.

[39]Despatch of Giacomo Trotti, Milan, December 21, 1494. Archives of Modena.

[40]Che li pareva ogni hora vedere messer Bartolomeo da Calche venire a Sua Ecciacum una staffetta, chel papa fosse preso, e li fosse taliata la testa.

[41]Trotti to the Duke of Ferrara, Milan, December 24, 1494.

[42]This is the date given by Marino Sanuto in his Ms. History of the Invasion of Charles VIII, fol. 470.

[43]These dates are from the Diary of Marino Sanuto, vol. i. fol. 55, 58, 85.

[44]Il di de S. Laurentio il Duca de Gandia figliuolo del Papa, intrò in Roma accompagnato dal Card. de Valentia, et tutta la corte con grandissima pompa. Despatch of Ludovico Carissimi to the Duke of Ferrara, Rome, August 15, 1496. Archives of Modena.

[45]Boccaccio to Ercole, March 24, 1495.

[46]The report is given in Diar. Marino Sanuto, vol. i, 258, and is reprinted in part in the Civiltà Cattolica, March 15, 1873, p. 727. The entire passage is as follows: Da Roma per le lettere del orator nostro se intese et etiam de private persone cossa assai abominevole in la chiesa di Dio che al papa erra nato un fiolo di una dona romana maridata ch'el padre l'havea rufianata e di questa il marito invitò il suocero ala vigna el lo uccise tagliandoli el capo ponendo quello sopra uno legno con letere che dicera questo e il capo de mio suocero che a rufianato sua fiola al papa et che inteso questo il papa fece metter el dito in exilio di Roma con Taglia. Questa nova vene per letere particular etiam si godea con la sua spagnola menatali di spagna per suo fiol duca di Gandia novamente li venuto.

[47]Epitaphia clarissimarum mulierum que virtute: arte: aut aliqua nota claruerunt. Codex Hartmann Schedel in the State Library of Munich.

[48]Lod. Zacconi, Hist. di Pesaro, Ms. in the Bibl. Oliveriana; also Pietro Marzetti.

[49]Letters in the Gonzaga archives in Mantua.

[50]Battista Almerici I, and Pietro Marzetti, Memorie di Pesaro, Ms. in the Oliveriana. These chronicles are often confusing as to dates and full of mistakes.

[51]Marino Sanuto, Diar. vol. i, 410. March, 1497.

[52]This document is given in part by Amati in Strozzi's Periodico di Numismatica, Anno III, part ii, p. 73. Florence, 1870.

[53]In the archives of Modena. Letters of Donato Aretino from Rome.

[54]Letter of Ludovico Carissimi, Rome, August 8, 1497. Archives of Modena.

[55]Et mancho se è curato de fare prova de se qua con Done per poterne chiarire el Rmo. Legato che era qua, sebbene S. Extiatastandolo sopra ciò gli ne habia facto offerta. Despatch from the Ferrarese ambassador in Milan, Antonio Costabili, to Duke Ercole, Milan, June 23, 1497. Archives of Modena.

[56]Concerning this, Pandolfo Collenuccio, a member of Cardinal Ippolito's suite in Rome, wrote to the Duke of Ferrara, December 25, 1498 (1497), as follows: El S. de Pesaro ha scripto qua de sua mano: non haverla mai cognosciuta ... et esser impotente, alias la sententia non se potea dare.... El prefato S. dice però haver scripto così per obedire el Duca de Milano et Aschanio. The autographic letter is in the archives of Modena.

[57]In the same despatch from Milan, June 23, 1497, the Ferrarese Ambassador Costabili stated that Sforza had said to the Duke Ludovico: Anzi haverla conosciuta infinite volte, ma chel Papa non gelha tolta per altro se non per usare con Lei. Extendendose molto a carico di S. Beatno.

[58]The original of this letter is in the archives of Modena.

[59]Bisceglie, formerly pronounced and written Biseglia or Biselli. Quadrata is now Corato, near Andria.

[60]Despatch of Joh. Lucidus Cataneus, Rome, August 8, 1498. Gonzaga archives.

[61]The briefs are in the state archives of Venice.

[62]The instrument is in Beneimbene's protocol-book.

[63]The instrument is in Beneimbene's protocol-book.

[64]Diary of Marino Saruto, ii, 751.

[65]This brief is in the state archives of Spoleto.

[66]The Bull of Investiture, written on parchment, is dated Rome, 1499, Non. (the month is not given). It is an absolutedonum. The document is now in the archives of Modena.

[67]Both briefs are preserved in the archives of the State-house of Nepi.

[68]The documents concerning this sale, dated February 11 to 15, 1500, are preserved in the archives of Modena.

[69]Manuscript in the Vatican, No. 5205.

[70]Collocutores itinerantes Tuscus et Remus, Romæ in Campo Floræ, 1497.

[71]See the author's essay, Das Archiv der Notare des Capitols in Rom, and the protocol-book of the Notary Camillus de Beneimbene, 1457 to 1505. Proceedings of k. bayr. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München, 1872. Part iv.

[72]In the Codex Hartmann Schedel in the state library of Munich.

[73]Piazza (Gerarchia Cardinalizia) states that he saw it as late as 1712.

[74]In the Gonzaga archives.

[75]In questa mattina ho hauto lo adviso de la morte del RmoCard. Borgiamio fratrepassato de questa vita in Urbino. Forli, January 16, 1500. Archives of Modena.

[76]A. 1500, Jan. 22 (this is incorrect), mori il Carle Borgia fiolo de Papa Alexoa Orbino. Silva Cronicarum Bernardini Zambotti. Ms. in the library of Ferrara.

[77]La bona memoria del Cardinale Borgia mio fratre. Rome, July 30, 1500. Gonzaga archives.

[78]Cittadella's opinion that Giovanni Borgia, junior, was a son of Pierluigi, Alexander's brother, is also incorrect.

[79]Femina quasi virago crudelissima et di gran animo. Venuta di Carlo VIII, p. 811, Ms. Virago here means amazon.

[80]Over the Porta Romana and on the bastions may still be seen the colossal arms of Paul III and those of his son carved in stone. The inscription reads:P. ALOISIVS FARNESIVS DVX I. CASTRI ET NEPETE MVNIMENTVM HOC AD TVTELAM CIVITATIS EXSTRVXIT. MDXL.

[80]Over the Porta Romana and on the bastions may still be seen the colossal arms of Paul III and those of his son carved in stone. The inscription reads:

P. ALOISIVS FARNESIVS DVX I. CASTRI ET NEPETE MVNIMENTVM HOC AD TVTELAM CIVITATIS EXSTRVXIT. MDXL.

[81]His correspondence with Gonzaga is preserved in the archives of Mantua.

[82]Ad. Pisaurenses: Guidi Posthumi Silvestris Pisaurensis Elegiarum Librii ii, p. 33. Bonon, 1524.

[83]Pietro Marzetti, Memorie di Pesaro. Ms. in the Oliveriana.

[84]Compare Sannazzaro's epitaph on Alexander VI with the epigram of Guido Posthumus: In Tumulum Sexti.

[85]Cardinal Ferrari to Ercole, Rome, February 18, 1501. This is the first of the letters regarding this subject in the archives of Modena.

[86]Ercole's letter to his ambassador in Florence, Manfredo Manfredi, April 25, 1501. Archives of Modena.

[87]Ferrari to Ercole, May 1, 1501.

[88]Girolamo Saerati to Ercole, Rome, May 8, 1501.

[89]Bartolomeo de' Cavallieri, Ferrarese ambassador to France, to Ercole, Chalons, May 26, 1501.

[90]At least such was the plan advocated by Monsignor de Trans, French ambassador in Rome. Letter of Aldovrandus de Guidonibus to Duke Ercole, Lugo, April 25, 1501. State archives of Modena.

[91]Bartolomeo de' Cavallieri to Ercole, Lyons, June 22, 1501.

[92]Ercole to Giovanni Valla, July 8, 1501. Ercole to the Cardinal of Rouen, July 8, 1501.

[93]Despatches of Bartolomeo de'Cavallieri, Ferrarese ambassador at the court of France, to Ercole, July 10, 14, and 21, 1501.

[94]Despatch of the same, undated.

[95]Ercole to Giovanni Valla, his special envoy to the Cardinal of Rouen, in Milan, July 21 and 26, 1501.

[96]Da Roma accertasi, che la figliola del papa ha partorito.... Giov. Alberto della Pigna to the duke, Venice, March 15, 1498. Archives of Modena.

[97]One of the first statements that Cæsar was his brother's murderer is found in a despatch of the Ferrarese ambassador at Venice. De novo ho inteso, como de la morte del Duca di Candia fo causa el Cardinale suo fratello. Pigna's despatch to Ercole, Venice, February 22, 1498.

[98]The Malipiero letter (Archiv. Stor. It. VII, i, 490) contains the following: Si dice, que il sig. Giovanni Sforza ha fatto questo effetto (the murder of Gandia) perchè il Duca (di Gandia) usava con la sorella, sua consorte, la qual è fiola del Papa, ma d'un altra madre (which was incorrect). The Venetian ambassador, Polo Capello, refers to this rumor (si dice) in his well known Relation of September, 1500.

[99]Cavallieri to Ercole, Lyons, August 8, 1501. The Pope has written his nuncio that he agreed to the duke's demands, for the purpose of concluding the marriage, which would be extraordinarily advantageous to himself and the Duke of Romagna.

[100]Despatches of the Ferrarese ambassador, Bartolomeo Cartari, from Venice, June 25, July 28, and August 2, 1501. Archives of Modena.

[101]Ercole's letter to Pozzi in Ferrara, August 25, 1501. Maximilian's letters are not in the Este archives but in Vienna.

[102]The instrument was drawn by Beneimbene.

[103]Cardinal Ferrari to Ercole, Rome, August 27, 1501.

[104]Ducal Records, September 1, 1501.

[105]The letter is reproduced in Zucchetti's Lucrezia Borgia, Duchessa di Ferrara, Milan, 1869.

[106]Ed altre cose che egli disse per maggiormente magnificare il fatto. Matteo Canale to the Duke of Ferrara, Rome, September 11, 1501.

[107]Quale mi pare già essere optima Ferrarese. Despatch from Rome, September 15th.

[108]Che voleva havessimo veduto che la Duchessa non era zoppa. Saraceni to Ercole, Rome, September 16th.

[109]Rome, September 23d, Saraceni.

[110]Despatch, September 25th.

[111]To this Ercole replied in reassuring terms. Letter to his orators in Rome, September 18, 1501.

[112]Despatch of Matteo Canale to Ercole, Rome, September 18, 1501.

[113]Both bulls are in the archives of Modena. The first is a copy, the second an original. The lead seal is wanting, but the red and yellow silk by which it was attached is still preserved. I first discovered the facts in a manuscript in the Barberiniana in Rome.

[114]Mandate of the Pope regarding certain taxes, dated July 21, 1502: Nobili Infanti Johanni Borgia, nostro secundum carnem nepoti; and in another brief, dated June 12, 1502, Dil filii nobilis infantis Johannis Borgia ducis Nepesini delecti filii nobilis viri Cæsaris Borgia de Francia, etc. Archives of Modena.

[115]Geradi to Ercole, Rome, September 28th.

[116]Datum in civitate Hispali, January 7, 1502. Yo el rey. Archives of Modena. In Liber Arrendamentorum Terrarum ad Illmos Dnos Rodericum Bor. de Aragonia Sermoneti, et Jo. de bor., Nepesin. Duces infantes spectantium et alearq. scripturar. status eorundem tangentium. Biselli, 1502.

[117]Lucretia to Ercole, October 18th; Ercole to Lucretia, October 23d.

[118]Gerardo to Ercole, October 15, 1501.

[119]Ercole to Don Francesco de Roxas, October 24, 1501.

[120]Gerardo Saraceni to Ercole, Rome, October 26, 1501.

[121]Per essere queste romane salvatiche et male apte a cavallo.

[122]Gerardo to Ercole, October 26, 1501.

[123]The orator Manfredo Manfredi to Ercole, Florence, November 22 and 24, 1501.

[124]The duke to his ambassadors in Rome, October 7, 1501.

[125]Ercole to Gerardo Saraceni, November 24, 1501. Other letters of like import were written by the duke to his plenipotentiaries.

[126]Ercole to Gerardo Saraceni in Rome, October 11, 1501.

[127]Despatch of the Ferrarese ambassadors to Ercole, Rome, October 31, 1501.

[128]Il quale mal effecto volendo nui fugire, seamo condescesi a contrahere la affinita cum soa Santità. Responsum illmi Dni ducis Ferrarie D. Augustino Semetie Ces Mtis secretario. Ferrara, November 22, 1501.

[129]Che il procedere del Duca era un procedere da mercatante. Ercole to Gerardo Saraceni, December 1, 1501.

[130]Ercole to Alexander VI, December 1, 1501.

[131]Despatch of Giovanni Lucido, in the archives of Mantua.

[132]The report of this agent, who signs himself El Prete, is preserved in the archives of Mantua.

[133]The Farrarese agent, Bartolomeo Bresciani, who had been sent to Rome on matters connected with the Church, is no less complimentary. He says, la Excell. V. remagnera molto ben satisfacto da questa Illma Madona per essere dotada de tanti costumi et buntade. (To the duke, October 30, 1501.) He informed him also that Lucretia often conversed with a saintly person who had been secluded in the Vatican for eight years.

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