Chapter 5

MAJOR RAYMOND R. REESMRS. RAYMOND R. REESMr. Rees formed a partnership with Nemiah Northrop and established the first newspaper in this section—the Washington Statesman. The firm sent to Portland for a press, which arrived on schedule time, and the first issue of the new paper appeared on November 27th. The publishers therein made the following announcement to the public: "We send forth this morning with our congratulations the first number of the Washington Statesman, and respectfully solicit the attention of the people of Walla Walla and county to its pages.... That a weekly publication devoted to the various interests of the country, containing all the news which may be gathered from different quarters, is essentially needed in the Walla Walla valley we premise no permanent resident will deny. This admitted, we have no misgivings as to the disposition of the people to come forward and promptly sustain an enterprise so materially calculated to further their interests as a community." In the meantime the firm of Rees & Northrop learned that two brothers named Smith intended starting a democratic paper in Walla Walla and had sent to Portland for a press, which, however, reached The Dalles just as the Columbia river, at that time the only highway, froze over, with the result that it could not be delivered for three months. Mr. Smith desired to become a member of his competing firm and his wish was granted. The first subscriptions did not come in to the new paper as readily as had been expected. Accordingly Mr. Smith made a tour on horseback of Walla Walla county and Umatilla county and succeeded in obtaining two hundred subscriptions at five dollars per year, the circulation list containing the names of practically all the men of the two counties. The Statesman was the first newspaper established in eastern Washington, then known as the "upper country," and was a factor of great importance in the early development of this region. Mr. Rees was one of the owners of that journal until November, 1865, when he sold his interest therein to W. H. Newell, and the following five years were devoted to farming in connection with his father-in-law. In 1870 he returned to Walla Walla and formed a partnership with H. E. Johnson for the conduct of a mercantile business under the style of Johnson & Rees. Two years later W. P. Winans bought into the firm and the name was changed to Johnson, Rees & Winans. With Mr. Johnson's subsequent retirement from the business the firm name became Rees & Winans and so remained until 1887, when the business was sold. In the meantime a two-story building was erected where now stands the Farmers Savings Bank. Plans were subsequently made for the erection of the Rees-Winans building but before construction work was begun Mr. Rees was called by death. His widow, with Mr. Winans, however, carried out the plans already made and the building was erected in due time and was an important addition to the downtown section of Walla Walla. As a merchant Mr. Rees was enterprising, progressive and sound of judgment, managing his affairs carefully and giving much thought to anticipating the demands of his customers. He based his success upon the firm foundation of the best service possible and full return for all money received.Mr. Rees was married March 12, 1865, to Miss Augusta Ward, the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Michael V. Ward. She was born near Chicago, in De Kalb county, Illinois, in 1843 and in 1853 accompanied her parents to Oregon, the journey being made by ox team. The family settled near Lebanon, in Linn county, but the long wet season proved unhealthful and Mr. Ward developed serious throat trouble. On the advice of a physician he removed to Walla Walla county, bringing with him three hundred head of cattle. That winter, however,there was an unusually heavy snowfall and owing to the unfavorable weather conditions he lost all of his cattle but forty-four. However, the increase in prices enabled him to realize so much from the remaining cattle that his net loss was inconsiderable. He bought the Lewis McMorris ranch a few miles south of Walla Walla and operated that place for some time but at length disposed of it. He then removed to Walla Walla and erected there the most pretentious home in the city at the corner of East and Poplar streets. At the time of the visit of President Hayes and party the president and his wife were entertained at the home of Mr. Ward, as there were no suitable hotel accommodations to be found in the city. Mrs. Hayes insisted in helping with the house work and at her request fried apples were served at breakfast. The democratic spirit manifested by the president and his wife made their visit a genuine pleasure as well as an honor. To Mr. and Mrs. Rees were born three children: Frank W., a well known dentist of Walla Walla; Elma R., the wife of H. H. Turner, cashier of the Baker-Boyer Bank of Walla Walla; and Lora R., the wife of Paul Compton, of Los Angeles, California. Mr. Compton is a son of General Compton, who for years had command of the garrison at Walla Walla.Mr. Rees was a prominent democrat and for many years took an active part in politics. He represented his district at two different times in the state legislature; for several years served as county treasurer, and his record as an official was highly creditable alike to his ability and his public spirit. He was always called upon with a certainty of response for aid in carrying out projects for the development of Walla Walla city and county and his demise, which occurred July 12, 1889, was recognized as a great loss to his community.His widow survives and resides in one of the handsomest residences of the city, in which she takes great pride, for it was built in accordance with plans drawn by herself. After the death of her husband she carried on the business of the estate. She is one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla and her reminiscences of the early days when the present rapidly growing city was a little frontier settlement are much appreciated by the younger generation, who find it hard to realize that conditions have changed so radically within a half century. When she came to this region there were not more than twenty white women in the valley and she is one of the very few of the number now living.JOHN H. ROMAINE.John H. Romaine, who has been engaged in farming in Columbia county, was born in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, April 15, 1857, a son of Garrit Romaine, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Our subject grew to manhood in his native state and there received a good common school education. When twenty years old he accompanied his parents to Washington and not long after his arrival in this state took up a homestead on section 25, township 11 north, range 38 east. He brought his land to a high state of development, and gained recognition as a progressive and capable farmer. He raised both wheat and stock and his annual income reached gratifying proportions. He added to his holdings as the years passed until he owned fourteen hundredacres of fine land but sold out in the fall of 1917 and purchased a ranch of seven hundred and fifty-five acres in Umatilla county, Oregon, nine miles south of Walla Walla, Washington, on which he expects to locate.In 1882 Mr. Romaine was united in marriage to Miss May McKellips and following her death married Miss Ella Davis, a daughter of Cyrus and Nancy (Holly) Davis, natives respectively of Vermont and Ohio. They removed to Old Walla Walla county and here her father passed away in 1910. Her mother survives and makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Romaine. The latter have become the parents of four children: Jean M., deceased; one who died in infancy; Garrit; and Jean Henry.Mr. Romaine gives his political allegiance to the republican party but has never sought office, his farming interests requiring his undivided time and attention. His wife belongs to the Congregational church and takes much interest in its work. During the forty years of his residence in Old Walla Walla county Mr. Romaine has witnessed a remarkable transformation and has kept pace with the development of the county, at all times giving his support to progressive measures.ZIBA DIMMICK.For a quarter of a century Ziba Dimmick has been a resident of Walla Walla county and is now numbered among its most prosperous farmers, being extensively and successfully engaged in the growing of wheat. His place is situated on section 27, township 8 north, range 34 east of W. M. He is a western man by birth, by training and by preference, and the spirit of western enterprise finds exemplification in his life. He was born at The Dalles, Oregon, on the 8th of March, 1868, and is a son of H. R. and Ann (Cooper) Dimmick, the former a native of Illinois, while the latter was born in Scotland. It was in the year of 1853 that the father crossed the plains with ox teams, meeting all the hardships and privations of that strenuous trip in the early days. He located first on the Umpqua river in southern Oregon, where he lived with his parents until the spring of 1862, when he and his wife moved to The Dalles. His remaining days were spent in that state, and his widow, who still survives is now a resident of Hood River county, Oregon. In her family were ten children, of whom Ziba is the eldest son and six of the number are now living.Ziba Dimmick was reared and educated in Oregon, no event of special importance occurring to vary the routine of life for him in the days of his boyhood and youth. At the age of sixteen years he started to work for the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company, where he learned the blacksmith's trade, at which he worked until 1892. When a young man of about twenty-four he came to Walla Walla, Washington, and commenced his career as a farmer, working for different men, until 1900, when he invested his savings in the farm upon which he now resides. He today owns seven hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive wheat land and has always made a specialty of raising that crop, for which the soil and climate are particularly adapted. Success has therefore attended his efforts, for in all of his methodshe is practical and progressive and through the summer months the broad fields of waving grain give promises of abundant harvest in the autumn. In addition to this property Mr. Dimmick owns one hundred and ten acres of valuable land in Hood River county, Oregon, where he is engaged in raising alfalfa and clover.In his fraternal relations Mr. Dimmick is a Woodman of the World and an Odd Fellow, politically a republican. His energy and determination have made him what he is today—one of the prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county, and his substantial traits of character have won for him the warm regard of all with whom he has been brought in contact. Walla Walla county gained a substantial citizen when he removed from Oregon to this state, for his labors have contributed much to its agricultural development.FRANK S. DEMENT.It was in the quaint and picturesque little city of Oregon City, Oregon, that Frank S. Dement, prominent miller and grain dealer of Walla Walla, was born November 3, 1853, a representative of one of the oldest and most prominent families upon the Pacific coast. His father, W. C. Dement, came to Oregon from Virginia in 1843 in the train with Marcus Whitman. He engaged in merchandising at Oregon City, the little town that was founded above the falls of the Willamette river, and he was one of the four who built the railway around the falls at Oregon City, which was one of the first, if not the first railway on the Pacific coast. With many events which shaped the pioneer development and later progress of that section of the country he was closely associated. He served as captain of volunteers in the Rogue River Indian war in 1856 and there was no phase of frontier development with which he was not thoroughly familiar. He became a resident of Oregon before the city of Portland was established and he lived to witness many remarkable changes as the work of settlement was carried forward. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Olive Johnson, came to Oregon in 1845 and was a daughter of the Rev. Hezekiah Johnson, a Baptist missionary of that state.Frank S. Dement, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his education in the Oregon City Seminary and in early life took up the printing business, learning the trade, after which he engaged in general printing and in publishing of the Oregon City Enterprise. He figured prominently in public affairs in that locality and served as county treasurer of Clackamas county, Oregon, which position he resigned in 1879 and removed to Walla Walla on account of his health. In the following year he organized the Dement Brothers Company and has continuously served as its president. He and his partners purchased the Eureka flour mills of the firm of Welch & Schwabacher Brothers in 1880. These mills had a capacity of one hundred and fifty barrels daily and something of the growth of the business is indicated in the fact that the present capacity is six hundred barrels daily. In a word they have developed one of the most important milling industries of this section of the state and they are also well known as extensive grain dealers. It was Frank S. Dement who in 1882 imported the first bluestem seed wheat from New Zealand to the Pacific northwest and it is today the leading wheat grown in this section of the country. Through this channel and his other business activities he has contributed in marked measure to the material development and consequent prosperity of his section of the state. In the conduct of his business affairs he has amassed a considerable fortune, much of which he has invested in Walla Walla real estate, thus indicating his faith in the future of this district.In Oregon City, Oregon, on the 1st of August, 1877, Mr. Dement was married to Miss Frances Miller, a daughter of Captain J. D. Miller, who was a pioneer steamboat operator on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. To Mr. and Mrs. Dement have been born two sons: Charles F., who is county auditor of Walla Walla county; and Frank Bingham, who is now in the National army at Camp Lewis. He was graduated from the Shattuck Military School of Minnesota in 1914 and was a student in Whitman College with the class of 1918.Frank S. Dement has long been a recognized leader in republican circles in his county and was chairman of the county republican central committee. He has done much to further the interests of his party, believing firmly in its principles and recognizing the duties and obligations as well as the privileges of citizenship; yet he has never sought nor desired office as a reward for party fealty. Fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and is a prominent Mason, having taken the degrees of both the York and Scottish Rites. He is a member of Oriental Consistory, A. & A. S. R., of Spokane and of El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. For the past thirty years he has been a very active and prominent member of the Commercial Club of Walla Walla and is now one of its directors and the treasurer. He stands for progressiveness in all public affairs and his efforts in behalf of general progress and improvement have been practical, far reaching and effective. Men who know him—and he has a wide acquaintance—speak of him in terms of the highest regard both as to his relationship with business affairs and in matters of citizenship.JOSEPH LEDGERWOOD.Joseph Ledgerwood, deceased, spent the last years of his life in honorable retirement from business in Pomeroy, enjoying the fruits of his former labor. For many years he had been identified with farming in southeastern Washington and his well directed business affairs brought to him a very substantial competence, enabling him to enjoy all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life and also to leave his family in very easy financial circumstances. He was born in Clay county, Missouri, July 17, 1836, and was a son of Joseph and Rachael Ledgerwood, who were natives of Tennessee and afterward became pioneer settlers of Clay county, Missouri.Joseph Ledgerwood acquired his education in the common schools of Clay and Daviess counties of Missouri and on reaching manhood took up the occupation of farming. In 1864, with little money to outfit him for so hazardous and extended a journey, he started across the plains for the Pacific coast country, and while he endured many hardships and privations while en route,he ultimately in safety reached the Umpqua valley, where he made a home for his family and continued to reside until 1877. He then disposed of his property in that region and removed to Garfield county, Washington, settling about nine miles east of Pomeroy. There he prospered and from time to time, as his financial resources increased, he added to his land until at his death he was the owner of about one thousand acres of valuable farm property. In the later years of his life he retired from active farm work and removed to Pomeroy, where he spent his remaining days in the enjoyment of the fruits of his many years of successful labor. For a long period his life had been one of untiring industry and perseverance, during which he was watchful of every opportunity and indication pointing toward success. At all times he based his advancement upon the sure foundation of industry and persistency of purpose.In 1859 Mr. Ledgerwood was united in marriage to Miss Louise O'Keef, a native of Illinois, who was a faithful helpmate to him and shared with him in all of the hardships and privations of pioneer life, when Oregon and Washington were still frontier states. She still survives her husband and cherishes his memory, for he was most devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family. To Mr. and Mrs. Ledgerwood were born nine children, seven of whom are yet living, as follows: William T.; J. Joseph; John T.; Lou Emma, who is the wife of W. A. DeBow, a grain dealer of Pomeroy; Martha R., who is the widow of James B. Carter and resides in Pomeroy; Rosa, who gave her hand in marriage to Lou Jurgens, of Asotin county, Washington; and Clara B., the wife of Edward Davis, of Okanogan county, Washington.Mr. Ledgerwood was a very progressive man, public-spirited in all that he did, and his aid and cooperation could ever be counted upon to further public progress. He aided many movements for the general good, and while he was never a politician in the commonly accepted sense of the term and never would consent to hold office, he gave earnest support to the democratic party because of a firm belief in its principles. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity and to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was a consistent Christian man, both he and his wife being lifelong members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Ledgerwood occupies a handsome home in Pomeroy, surrounded by all the comforts and conveniences which make life worth living.REMEDeRUWE.Among the successful sheep raisers of Columbia county is numbered Reme De Ruwe, who was born in Belgium, September 15, 1882, a son of Peter and Julia De Ruwe, also natives of that country, where their entire lives were passed. To them were born fifteen children. The subject of this review is indebted for his education to the schools of his native land, and remained at home until he was about twenty years old. Then, in 1902, he decided to try his fortune in the United States and located in Walla Walla county, Washington, where he at once turned his attention to raising sheep. He has since continued in that occupation on an extensive scale. He pastures his sheep on a ranch comprising twelve hundred acres of land in Columbia county. The successwhich he has gained in fifteen years is quite unusual, demonstrating his ability to adapt himself to a new condition, his sound judgment and his enterprise. His ranch is well improved and is a very valuable property.In 1914 Mr. De Ruwe was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Kregger, and they have a son, Marvin, and have also adopted three children. Mr. De Ruwe casts his ballot in support of the republican party, whose principles accord with his political beliefs. He was reared in the Catholic faith and consistently gives his influence on the side of moral advancement. He has gained many friends since coming to eastern Washington, his salient characteristics being such as never fail to command respect and win regard.CHARLES L. WHITNEY.Charles L. Whitney, who is living retired on section 6, township 6 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, is now enjoying a period of well merited leisure made possible by his former successful labors as a nurseryman and horticulturist. He was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1857, of the marriage of William G. and Marcia M. (Pettis) Whitney, the former a native of Onondaga county, New York. They removed to California in 1879; two years before their son Charles L. had made his way to the Pacific coast, and after residing there for one or two years they came to Walla Walla county, Washington. Here the father, in partnership with his son Charles L., bought the farm where the latter still resides. This place was the site of the Sims mill, which was the first mill built in the state and possibly the first in the northwest. The date of its erection was 1858 and there was also a distillery operated within the limits of the farm. In the early days pack trains, numbering one hundred animals were sent to the outlying camps loaded with flour, bacon and whiskey, and the farm is indeed one of the historic places of the state. The father established the Home nursery and the son the North Western nurseries, and both proved successful in that business. The father remained active in the management of his affairs both as a nurseryman and as a farmer until his death in 1912. The mother passed away in 1910.Charles L. Whitney was reared in Pennsylvania and after attending the common schools became a student in the Edinboro (Penn.) State Normal school and in Austinburg College at Austinburg, Ohio. Later he took up the study of medicine at the Eclectic Medical College at San Francisco, California, but left that institution a year before the completion of his course. It was in 1877 that he removed to California and he was one of the first settlers of the town of Whatcom. He devoted some time to timber cruising and for a number of years he traveled through California, Oregon and Washington, becoming familiar with practically every part of the Pacific coast. In 1880 he came with his parents to Walla Walla county and established the North Western nurseries, which he conducted for years. He was one of the first men to enter that line of business in this section and his success in the growing of fruit trees determined the possibilities of this region in the production of fruit. He also engaged in general farming to some extent and found that likewise profitable. Forfour years he was county fruit inspector and later was for a similar length of time state fruit inspector and was generally recognized as an authority on everything pertaining to fruit and its production. About 1907 he gave up the nursery business and has since rented his land for gardening, although he still resides upon his farm, which comprises one hundred and-fifty-two acres two miles south of Walla Walla, in the most fertile part of the valley. His home is a handsome country residence, provided with all modern conveniences.In 1883 Mr. Whitney was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth McCaslin, who was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, but was teaching in the schools of Omaha, Nebraska, at the time of her marriage. They have become the parents of five children, of whom four survive, namely: Elizabeth May, the wife of Ned McLean, of Walla Walla; Bertha, who married L. F. Turman, of Willows, California; Charles B., who is first sergeant with the Washington Field Artillery, under Major Weyrauch; and Marguerite, the wife of Fred Houghton, of Attalia, this county.Mr. Whitney's political views accord with the principles of the republican party and he gives it his stanch support but has never taken a very active part in politics. However, he has always felt the keenest interest in the upbuilding of his county and his influence has been felt in its development along horticultural, agricultural and civic lines. He was a member of the board of commissioners that had charge of the Walla Walla exhibit at the Lewis and Clark Exposition held in Portland in 1905 and took a great deal of pride in the fine showing that the county made. He has a number of fraternal connections, belonging to Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Walla Walla Commandery, No. 1 K. T.; El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane; to the Shrine Club at Walla Walla, of which he is president; to Alki Chapter, No. 25, O. E. S., of which he is past patron and of which his wife was the second matron, to Enterprise Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., of which he is past grand; to the Ancient Order of United Workmen; and to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. His high standing in the Odd Fellows society is further indicated by the fact that he holds the lodge jewel.EDWARD H. NIXON.Edward H. Nixon, one of the earliest of Walla Walla's pioneers now living and for many years a dominant factor in civic affairs, was born in Guyandotte, West Virginia, on the 26th of May, 1842. When he was ten years of age his parents removed to Jackson county, Iowa, settling on a farm about eight miles west of Sabula. He was there educated in the district schools and at his mother's knee, she having been educated for a teacher in the Massachusetts schools in early life. Subsequently she went west to teach in the West Virginia schools and it was there that she was married. After mastering the early branches of learning Mr. Nixon continued his studies in the high school at Maquoketa, Iowa, and at the age of twenty years he was elected to the office of constable in his district, but the commissioners refused him a commission because he was not of legal age. He began reading law at Maquoketa, Iowa, and advanced sufficiently to try cases before a justice of the peace.EDWARD H. NIXONIn sentiment he was strongly anti-slavery at the beginning of the Civil war and as his sympathies were with the north, he determined he would not fight for any country that would uphold slavery, but after the Emancipation Proclamation he offered his services to the country and was accepted in December, 1863, being mustered into the service as a member of Company A, Ninth Regiment of the Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for one year, five months and eleven days. He then received an honorable discharge, the war having been brought to a close. He had participated in the battles of Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas and New Hope Church, Ackworth or Big Shanty, and the seven days' siege of Kenesaw Mountain and many skirmishes. He was also in the battle of Atlanta on the 22d of July, 1864, in the battle of Ezra Church and many others, taking part in every engagement in which his regiment participated until the fall of Atlanta. At close of the war he received an honorable discharge and returned to his home with a most creditable military record, having nobly done his part to preserve the Union. He afterward pursued a course in Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York, and subsequently he engaged in farming until 1873, when he started for the far west with Walla Walla as his destination. He arrived here on the 16th of March of that year and took up the profession of teaching. He also engaged in farm work and in fact accepted any employment that would yield him an honest dollar.On the 2d of April, 1876, Mr. Nixon was united in marriage to Miss Kate Stewart, a daughter of Daniel and Margaret Stewart, and to them have been born three children, two daughters and a son: Stella, now the wife of H. L. Wilson, who is state highway contractor and a resident of Walla Walla; Laura, the wife of H. H. Hadley, who is engaged in the automobile business in Dayton, Washington; and Edward S., who is associated with his father in the real estate and insurance business under the firm style of E. H. Nixon & Son.In 1877, soon after his marriage, Mr. Nixon removed to Whitman county and took up a homestead and tree claim and preempted another one hundred and sixty acres of land. He also rented a section of school land and for eight years or more was extensively and successfully engaged in farming. He laid out the first road ever laid out in Whitman county and was well known as the pioneer settler of that county, instituting much of the progressive work which has brought about its present-day progress and prosperity. In 1885 he returned to Walla Walla, and while he has disposed of his landed interests in Whitman county, he still owns valuable farm property and since 1892 he has conducted a real estate and insurance business, the firm of E. H. Nixon & Son maintaining an office in the Jaycox building. For many years Mr. Nixon was one of the most conspicuous figures in the civic affairs of Walla Walla. He served as road overseer, was also United States deputy postmaster, was justice of the peace two years and was police judge one year. He was also city assessor one term and was a member of the city council and at all times exercised his official prerogatives in support of many well defined plans and measures for the general good. He looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the opportunities and possibilities of the future and labored not only for the welfare of the passing hour but for future time as well. He was responsible for the establishment ofthe perpetual care system in the city cemetery and later the same system in the Odd Fellows cemetery, serving as president of the cemetery committee for a number of years. Mr. Nixon has long been a faithful and prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, in which he has filled all of the offices in the local post. He has also been honored with the position of assistant adjutant general and assistant quartermaster general of the Department of Washington and Alaska. He has membership in Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, A. F. & A. M., and is a member of Washington Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all of the chairs, including that of noble grand. In 1890 he joined with F. W. Paine and others in forming the Interstate Building Loan & Trust Association, and he is a member of its board of trustees and vice president of the association. In a word his activities are broad and varied. He is a liberal minded man, recognizing the duties and obligations of the individual to his fellowmen and to his country. At all times he has been actuated by a progressive spirit and in business affairs has been stimulated by a laudable ambition. His purposes have been well defined and promptly executed and the course which he has pursued has at all times measured up to the highest standards of manhood. His work has been of great benefit to the community at large as well as a source of individual success, and Walla Walla county honors him as one of her best known pioneers. His religious faith is that of the Unitarian church.S. S. MORITZ.S. S. Moritz, who since 1914 has held the office of postmaster of Dayton, was formerly prominently identified with its business interests, first as a merchant and later as a real estate operator. He was born in Victoria, British Columbia, August 28, 1863, a son of Moses and Adeline (Greenenburg) Moritz, natives respectively of Alsace, France, and of Groesenadar, Germany. The mother came to the Pacific coast by way of the Panama route in young womanhood and joined relatives living in San Francisco. The father emigrated to this country in early manhood and after spending some time in the middle west made his way to the California gold fields in 1849. He acquired some valuable mining properties but later lost them through reverses in fortune. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in San Francisco in 1855 and subsequently went to Portland, Oregon, where he was married, the lady who became his wife having in the meantime removed to that city, where she made her home with relatives. Mr. Moritz engaged in merchandising there until the discovery of gold on the Fraser river in the British possessions. He then removed with his family to Victoria, where they resided for two years, after which they returned to Portland. Later they became residents of Centerville, Idaho, where the father was well known as a general merchant. At length he removed to Boise City with the view of giving his children better educational advantages and remained there until 1873, when he went to Salt Lake City, where he was active in business until 1890. He then retired and spent his last days in the home of his son, S. S. Moritz. He passed away September 23, 1913, when in his eighty-eighthyear. He was a man of vigorous constitution and retained the full use of his faculties up to the time of his death. His widow survives.S. S. Moritz received his education in the schools of Boise City and of Salt Lake City and during vacations received business training which stood him in good stead in his later years. For several years before leaving school the summers were devoted to clerking in various stores in Salt Lake City, chiefly the clothing business, and in the spring of 1885, when a young man of twenty-one years, he came to Dayton, Washington, to accept a position with Duzenbury & Stencil, general merchants. For a year he had charge of their clothing and furnishing department and then engaged in business for himself, establishing a clothing and furnishing store. For eighteen years he conducted that store and became a dominant factor in the commercial life of Dayton, his resourcefulness, energy and keen insight into business conditions causing him to be generally recognized as a leader. In 1904 he sold his store, as he desired to give his undivided attention to his other interests. For a number of years he had been investing heavily in real estate and he it was who laid out the Syndicate Hill subdivision of Dayton, which is now recognized as the finest residence district of the city, and for a decade his entire time was given up to looking after his real estate interests, but in 1914 he became postmaster of Dayton by appointment of President Wilson. During the intervening three years he has held that position and has performed his duties in the same capable manner that he managed his private affairs.Mr. Moritz was a stanch republican in his political views until 1896, but in that year he became convinced of the wisdom of the policies advocated by William Jennings Bryan and gave his support to the democratic party, with which he has since been identified. He has taken an active part in public affairs and many improvements in Dayton have been brought about largely through his indefatigable work in their behalf. Notable among these is his achievement in securing the paving of the business district in spite of much indifference and determined opposition. His interest in good roads has found further expression in the arterial highway law, a very significant piece of legislation, which is based upon a plan conceived by Mr. Moritz. When it became necessary to change the city charter in conformity with the state regulations he led the movement for a charter that would meet all the needs of Dayton and was largely instrumental in securing such an instrument. He has been one of the most active members in the Dayton Commercial Club since its organization and has had a large part in its effective and farreaching work for the city. Fraternally he belongs to Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. His position as one of the foremost residents of Dayton is secure and his personal friends are many.T. F. DICE.T. F. Dice, residing on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, holds title to a large amount of land but is renting the greater part of it and is thus enjoying comparative leisure. His birth occurred in Pennsylvania, February 15, 1859, a son of William and Susan (Redrick) Dice, whopassed their entire lives in the Keystone state. Five of their seven children are still living.T. F. Dice grew to manhood in Pennsylvania and supplemented the education acquired in the public schools by attendance at Mercersburg college in Mercersburg. On leaving his native state he went to Savannah, Georgia, where he spent three years, and then in 1889 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, for the benefit of his health and here he purchased a farm on which he resided for three years. He next bought his present home place on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, and for many years personally operated the five hundred acres comprised in the farm. At the present time, however, he rents all the land but an eighty acre tract, which is in alfalfa and which he looks after himself.In 1884 occurred the marriage of Mr. Dice and Miss E. A. Spangenberg. The latter was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of Frederick A. and Fanny Anna Spangenberg, both also born in Pennsylvania. The father, who successfully engaged in the practice of law for many years, is now deceased, but the mother survives. Mrs. Dice had exceptional musical training and her talents along that line have been a source of great pleasure to her family and friends. Mr. and Mrs. Dice have four children: William T., who lives in California; Lee R., who is teaching in the University of Montana; Frances E., the wife of the Rev. Robert M. Hood, now a resident of Idaho; and Carl E., a student of Mount Tamalpais Military Academy, San Rafael, California. During the years of his residence in Walla Walla county Mr. Dice has become widely and favorably known, his many excellent qualities gaining for him many warm friends.W. H. BARNHART.The field of opportunity finds its boundaries only in the limitations of the individual. When energy and ambition lie dormant the path of advancement seems closed, but to the man who believes that there is a chance for every individual and who is willing to take his chance with others, there always comes a time when he can take the initial step that will lead on to fortune. That Mr. Barnhart recognized the opportune moment is shown in the fact that he is now one of the leading business men of Starbuck, where he is widely known as the vice president and manager of the Sprout & Barnhart Mercantile Company and also as a member of the board of directors of the Bank of Starbuck. Iowa claims him as a native son, his birth having occurred in Wapello county on the 11th of October, 1871, his parents being Henry and Elizabeth (Johnson) Barnhart. The father was a native of Tennessee, while the mother's birth occurred in Ohio, and in Iowa their marriage was solemnized. They had accompanied their respective parents to the last mentioned state in childhood and were there reared. Mr. Barnhart turned his attention to farming and railroading, which he followed in Iowa until 1889, when he removed westward to Oregon and for a number of years was employed by the Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company in the capacity of engineer. He thus took part in the early development of railway operations in the west. He died in December, 1915, and is survived by his widow, who resides on a ranch near Spokane.W. H. BARNHARTW. H. Barnhart, spending his youthful days under the parental roof, completed his education in the high school at Albia, Iowa, from which he was graduated with the class of 1889. The following year he came to Oregon and for a number of years successfully engaged in teaching school, imparting readily and clearly to others the knowledge that he had acquired. He also worked in a store at La Grande, Oregon, and subsequently he became a student in Armstrong's Business College at Portland. Later he took up railroading as an employe of the Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company and was employed by that corporation for thirteen years. During the last seven years of that period he ran an engine and in 1907 he resigned his position with the company and purchased an interest in the mercantile establishment of W. E. Sprout of Starbuck. The following year the company was reorganized and incorporated, with Mr. Barnhart as the vice president and manager of the business, and Mr. Sprout as the president. They have a spacious and well appointed store, carrying an extensive line of goods, and they always maintain the highest standards in the personnel of the house, in the stock carried and in the treatment accorded patrons. Their business has therefore gradually increased as the years have gone on and has become one of the profitable commercial interests of southeastern Washington.In September, 1901, Mr. Barnhart was united in marriage to Miss Bessie A. Wright, of Starbuck, and they have become parents of two daughters, Grace M. and Blanche L. Mr. Barnhart is a loyal representative of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Tucanon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of which he is now worshipful master. He is also identified with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and has served as chief engineer in the order. In politics he is a stalwart republican and is now mayor of Starbuck. He had previously served for several years as a member of the town council and his fitness for further and more responsible public duties led to his election as chief executive. His wife and two daughters are members of the Episcopal church and Mr. Barnhart is serving on its board of trustees. His aid and influence are always given on the side of progress and improvement as related to the material upbuilding and also the social, intellectual and moral advancement of the community. Those who know him, and he has a wide acquaintance, esteem him as a man of genuine worth who well merits the success that has crowned his efforts since he started out in business life empty-handed.IRA D. BRUNTON.Among the native sons of Walla Walla county who have elected to continue residents thereof is Ira D. Brunton, who is engaged in farming on section 30, township 8 north, range 36 east. He was born in that township, May 11, 1876, and is a son of W. H. H. and Sarah A. (Lewis) Brunton, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. He was reared upon the home farm, and his boyhood and youth were spent in the acquirement of a district school education and in helping his father. He further pursued his studies in Whitman College and at the old Empire Business College at Walla Walla, thus fitting himself for his later life.After his marriage Mr. Brunton began farming for himself, operating a part of the homestead in partnership with his father, this relation being continued until his father's death, after which Mr. Brunton of this review and his brother Frank managed the entire estate of seven hundred acres for five years. At the end of that time Ira D. Brunton took over the operation of four hundred acres and his brother Garfield became responsible for the cultivation of the remaining three hundred acres. In 1903 our subject purchased one hundred and sixty acres adjoining the home farm and he now operates both places and also four hundred acres of rented land, or nine hundred and sixty acres in all. It is thus evident that his interests are extensive and make heavy demands upon his time and energies, but he is industrious, progressive and systematic in his work and his affairs are kept well in hand.Mr. Brunton was married October 10, 1897, to Miss Bessie L. Ramseur, a daughter of David W. Ramseur, who removed to Walla Walla county from North Carolina in 1892. To Mr. and Mrs. Brunton have been born five children: Elsie M., the wife of Clyde Garland, of Walla Walla; and Reese R., Lucille B., and Miles and Melvin, twins, all of whom are at home.Mr. Brunton's political views are in accord with the principles of the democratic party and he supports its candidates at the polls. In 1908 he was his party's nominee for sheriff and polled a large vote. Fraternally he is connected with Mountain Gem Lodge, No. 136, K. P., and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is held in high esteem as a citizen and as a man, and his success as a farmer entitles him to rank among the leaders in the agricultural development of the county.JOSEPH CLARK FAIR.Joseph Clark Fair, an independent grain buyer and one of Dayton's foremost business men and representative citizens, was born in Benton county, Arkansas, February 26, 1874, a son of Joseph A. and Martha Ann (Russell) Fair, the former born in Sullivan county, Tennessee, and the latter in Barry county, Missouri. The parents were taken by their respective parents to Benton county, Arkansas, and there grew to manhood and womanhood. They continued to reside there following their marriage, with the exception of four years spent in Texas, up to the time of the mother's death, which occurred in June, 1899. The father devoted his active life to farming but is now a resident of Centerton, Benton county, Arkansas, where he is living retired. He is a local Methodist minister and was often importuned to join the conference but refused, saying he knew he could make a living farming but did not know whether he could as a minister or not. His parents, Ellis and Nancy Hamilton (Easly) Fair, were representatives of old families of Tennessee. Mr. Fair was killed by Indians at the time of the Civil war. The parents of Mrs. Martha Ann (Russell) Fair were Elijah and Louisa (Bell) Russell, natives respectively of Missouri and Tennessee. Mr. Russell went to the California gold mines in 1849, crossing the plains with ox team, and returned to the east in 1852 by sailing vessel. At the time of the Civil war he was killed by bushwackers.Joseph Clark Fair was reared at home, and in the acquirement of his education attended the common schools of Arkansas and the Elm Springs Academy, in Washington county, that state. For two terms he engaged in teaching in Benton county, Arkansas, but because of the low salary paid teachers gave up the profession. In 1898 he decided to try his fortune in the far west and located at Condon, Gilliam county, Oregon, where he was connected with lumber interests. He remained there for five years and during the last year helped to build the courthouse. During that time he acquired title to seven hundred and twenty acres of land, which he has since sold at a profit. In 1903 he became a resident of Dayton, Washington, where he has ever since remained, and he is well known throughout Columbia county as a grain-buyer. He is expert in judging wheat and keeps in the closest touch with the grain markets and has been very successful in his business affairs.Mr. Fair was married in 1908 to Miss Nellie Virginia Gregg, who was born in Washington county, Arkansas, but at the time of her marriage was county superintendent of schools of Columbia county. To them was born one child, who, however, is deceased. Mr. Fair is a stanch democrat in politics and has served with ability as a member of the town council. He is well known in fraternal circles, belonging to Alki Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F., of which he is past grand; Franklin Encampment, No. 13, I. O. O. F., of which he is past chief patriarch; Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M., of which he is now worshipful master; and Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P., of which he is past chancellor. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Congregational church, and in his business dealings, as well as in the private relations of life, his conduct measures up to high moral standards. He feels that his decision to come to the west was one of the wisest that he has ever made and he is confident that a greater future is in store for this section.CHARLES CLAGUE.Charles Clague, a prosperous farmer residing on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, was born on the Isle of Man in March, 1860, a son of Richard and Isabella (Quirk) Clague, also natives of that island, where their entire lives were passed. Our subject's education was received in the public schools and he remained in his native country until he attained his majority but in 1881 came to the United States. For six months he worked in a grocery store in Olean, New York, after which he decided to see the west. There for a month he worked in Colorado and then continued his journey, arriving in San Francisco on Christmas day, 1881. He only remained in that city for two days, however, and then came to Walla Walla county, Washington. He took up a homestead two miles south of Prescott and for twenty years lived upon that place, which he operated successfully. He also purchased other land, becoming the owner of seven hundred and eighty acres. In 1902, in partnership with T. F. Dice, he bought five hundred acres of land and later they purchased the old Samuel Erwin home farm, where both have since resided. Mr. Clague has sold his homestead and the land adjoining and has also disposed of the equity of thefive hundred acre tract but retains his interest in the farm of eighty acres, where he and Mr. Dice reside. He also is the owner of fifty-two acres of irrigated land near Patterson, Stanislaus county, California. He has gained financial independence and, having disposed of the greater part of his holdings, is now enjoying a period of comparative leisure.Mr. Clague is a progressive republican in politics and has always been most loyal to the interests of his adopted country. He belongs to the Presbyterian church and in its teachings are found the principles which guide his life. For thirty-six years he has resided in Walla Walla county and has done his part in bringing about the wonderful development that has taken place during that time. He has a wide acquaintance and a large number of warm personal friends.FRANK W. PAINE.Frank W. Paine is a capitalist of Walla Walla whose name is inseparably interwoven with the history of city and state. Coming to the west in pioneer times, he is familiar with every phase of frontier life and with the processes of development which have brought the state from pioneer conditions to its present stage of progress and prosperity. His individual labors have contributed much to the results achieved, and no account of Walla Walla's development would be complete without extended reference to him.Mr. Paine was born August 31, 1839, in Mercer, Somerset county, Maine, and has therefore passed the seventy-eighth milestone on life's journey. His father, William Paine, was born in Hingham, Massachusetts, September 5, 1801, and died December 4, 1883, while the mother, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Wentworth Pike, was born in Somersworth, New Hampshire, December 29, 1804, and passed away February 14, 1872. Both parents were of English Puritan stock. Among the early representatives of the Paine family were men of title who belonged to the nobility of England, and in New England representatives of the name loyally served their country in the struggle for independence and as statesmen aided in formulating the policy of the commonwealth with which they were connected. In religious faith the parents of Frank W. Paine were Congregationalists. In political faith William Paine was first a whig and afterwards a republican, and by occupation he was a farmer. To him and his wife were born six children, who were reared more in the fear than in the love of God, but for their day they were on the firing line, both in good works and exemplary lives.Frank W. Paine began his education in a little unpainted schoolhouse of one room, which stood at the forks of the road on Beech Hill, in the town of Mercer, Somerset county, Maine. He at first had the opportunity of attending school for about eight weeks in the summer and ten weeks in the winter season until he was ten or eleven years of age, when he no longer found it possible to continue his studies through the summer but was enabled to attend school through the winter until his eighteenth year. He then began teaching in the country districts through the winter months, while the summer was devoted to farm work. On leaving the schoolroom, however, he did not consider his education complete, for his strong desire for learning has led him to read and study systematically and he always has near him good books on history, literature, science and poetry. Such books have also constituted a part of his continuous reading and thus he has obviated his lack of early training and become a most well informed man. Moreover, in the various positions of public trust which he has filled he has always found it to be of the greatest assistance to resort to the most reliable authorities treating on the matters in hand and in these ways he has been able to accomplish something of what a liberal education might have done for him. He has many times so keenly felt his deficiency in the lack of school and college training that upon an analysis of his educational shortcomings he determined that his most serious lack was a fuller understanding of history, literature and Latin, and he has wherever possible urged young men to prepare along those lines.

MAJOR RAYMOND R. REESMRS. RAYMOND R. REESMr. Rees formed a partnership with Nemiah Northrop and established the first newspaper in this section—the Washington Statesman. The firm sent to Portland for a press, which arrived on schedule time, and the first issue of the new paper appeared on November 27th. The publishers therein made the following announcement to the public: "We send forth this morning with our congratulations the first number of the Washington Statesman, and respectfully solicit the attention of the people of Walla Walla and county to its pages.... That a weekly publication devoted to the various interests of the country, containing all the news which may be gathered from different quarters, is essentially needed in the Walla Walla valley we premise no permanent resident will deny. This admitted, we have no misgivings as to the disposition of the people to come forward and promptly sustain an enterprise so materially calculated to further their interests as a community." In the meantime the firm of Rees & Northrop learned that two brothers named Smith intended starting a democratic paper in Walla Walla and had sent to Portland for a press, which, however, reached The Dalles just as the Columbia river, at that time the only highway, froze over, with the result that it could not be delivered for three months. Mr. Smith desired to become a member of his competing firm and his wish was granted. The first subscriptions did not come in to the new paper as readily as had been expected. Accordingly Mr. Smith made a tour on horseback of Walla Walla county and Umatilla county and succeeded in obtaining two hundred subscriptions at five dollars per year, the circulation list containing the names of practically all the men of the two counties. The Statesman was the first newspaper established in eastern Washington, then known as the "upper country," and was a factor of great importance in the early development of this region. Mr. Rees was one of the owners of that journal until November, 1865, when he sold his interest therein to W. H. Newell, and the following five years were devoted to farming in connection with his father-in-law. In 1870 he returned to Walla Walla and formed a partnership with H. E. Johnson for the conduct of a mercantile business under the style of Johnson & Rees. Two years later W. P. Winans bought into the firm and the name was changed to Johnson, Rees & Winans. With Mr. Johnson's subsequent retirement from the business the firm name became Rees & Winans and so remained until 1887, when the business was sold. In the meantime a two-story building was erected where now stands the Farmers Savings Bank. Plans were subsequently made for the erection of the Rees-Winans building but before construction work was begun Mr. Rees was called by death. His widow, with Mr. Winans, however, carried out the plans already made and the building was erected in due time and was an important addition to the downtown section of Walla Walla. As a merchant Mr. Rees was enterprising, progressive and sound of judgment, managing his affairs carefully and giving much thought to anticipating the demands of his customers. He based his success upon the firm foundation of the best service possible and full return for all money received.Mr. Rees was married March 12, 1865, to Miss Augusta Ward, the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Michael V. Ward. She was born near Chicago, in De Kalb county, Illinois, in 1843 and in 1853 accompanied her parents to Oregon, the journey being made by ox team. The family settled near Lebanon, in Linn county, but the long wet season proved unhealthful and Mr. Ward developed serious throat trouble. On the advice of a physician he removed to Walla Walla county, bringing with him three hundred head of cattle. That winter, however,there was an unusually heavy snowfall and owing to the unfavorable weather conditions he lost all of his cattle but forty-four. However, the increase in prices enabled him to realize so much from the remaining cattle that his net loss was inconsiderable. He bought the Lewis McMorris ranch a few miles south of Walla Walla and operated that place for some time but at length disposed of it. He then removed to Walla Walla and erected there the most pretentious home in the city at the corner of East and Poplar streets. At the time of the visit of President Hayes and party the president and his wife were entertained at the home of Mr. Ward, as there were no suitable hotel accommodations to be found in the city. Mrs. Hayes insisted in helping with the house work and at her request fried apples were served at breakfast. The democratic spirit manifested by the president and his wife made their visit a genuine pleasure as well as an honor. To Mr. and Mrs. Rees were born three children: Frank W., a well known dentist of Walla Walla; Elma R., the wife of H. H. Turner, cashier of the Baker-Boyer Bank of Walla Walla; and Lora R., the wife of Paul Compton, of Los Angeles, California. Mr. Compton is a son of General Compton, who for years had command of the garrison at Walla Walla.Mr. Rees was a prominent democrat and for many years took an active part in politics. He represented his district at two different times in the state legislature; for several years served as county treasurer, and his record as an official was highly creditable alike to his ability and his public spirit. He was always called upon with a certainty of response for aid in carrying out projects for the development of Walla Walla city and county and his demise, which occurred July 12, 1889, was recognized as a great loss to his community.His widow survives and resides in one of the handsomest residences of the city, in which she takes great pride, for it was built in accordance with plans drawn by herself. After the death of her husband she carried on the business of the estate. She is one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla and her reminiscences of the early days when the present rapidly growing city was a little frontier settlement are much appreciated by the younger generation, who find it hard to realize that conditions have changed so radically within a half century. When she came to this region there were not more than twenty white women in the valley and she is one of the very few of the number now living.JOHN H. ROMAINE.John H. Romaine, who has been engaged in farming in Columbia county, was born in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, April 15, 1857, a son of Garrit Romaine, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Our subject grew to manhood in his native state and there received a good common school education. When twenty years old he accompanied his parents to Washington and not long after his arrival in this state took up a homestead on section 25, township 11 north, range 38 east. He brought his land to a high state of development, and gained recognition as a progressive and capable farmer. He raised both wheat and stock and his annual income reached gratifying proportions. He added to his holdings as the years passed until he owned fourteen hundredacres of fine land but sold out in the fall of 1917 and purchased a ranch of seven hundred and fifty-five acres in Umatilla county, Oregon, nine miles south of Walla Walla, Washington, on which he expects to locate.In 1882 Mr. Romaine was united in marriage to Miss May McKellips and following her death married Miss Ella Davis, a daughter of Cyrus and Nancy (Holly) Davis, natives respectively of Vermont and Ohio. They removed to Old Walla Walla county and here her father passed away in 1910. Her mother survives and makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Romaine. The latter have become the parents of four children: Jean M., deceased; one who died in infancy; Garrit; and Jean Henry.Mr. Romaine gives his political allegiance to the republican party but has never sought office, his farming interests requiring his undivided time and attention. His wife belongs to the Congregational church and takes much interest in its work. During the forty years of his residence in Old Walla Walla county Mr. Romaine has witnessed a remarkable transformation and has kept pace with the development of the county, at all times giving his support to progressive measures.ZIBA DIMMICK.For a quarter of a century Ziba Dimmick has been a resident of Walla Walla county and is now numbered among its most prosperous farmers, being extensively and successfully engaged in the growing of wheat. His place is situated on section 27, township 8 north, range 34 east of W. M. He is a western man by birth, by training and by preference, and the spirit of western enterprise finds exemplification in his life. He was born at The Dalles, Oregon, on the 8th of March, 1868, and is a son of H. R. and Ann (Cooper) Dimmick, the former a native of Illinois, while the latter was born in Scotland. It was in the year of 1853 that the father crossed the plains with ox teams, meeting all the hardships and privations of that strenuous trip in the early days. He located first on the Umpqua river in southern Oregon, where he lived with his parents until the spring of 1862, when he and his wife moved to The Dalles. His remaining days were spent in that state, and his widow, who still survives is now a resident of Hood River county, Oregon. In her family were ten children, of whom Ziba is the eldest son and six of the number are now living.Ziba Dimmick was reared and educated in Oregon, no event of special importance occurring to vary the routine of life for him in the days of his boyhood and youth. At the age of sixteen years he started to work for the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company, where he learned the blacksmith's trade, at which he worked until 1892. When a young man of about twenty-four he came to Walla Walla, Washington, and commenced his career as a farmer, working for different men, until 1900, when he invested his savings in the farm upon which he now resides. He today owns seven hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive wheat land and has always made a specialty of raising that crop, for which the soil and climate are particularly adapted. Success has therefore attended his efforts, for in all of his methodshe is practical and progressive and through the summer months the broad fields of waving grain give promises of abundant harvest in the autumn. In addition to this property Mr. Dimmick owns one hundred and ten acres of valuable land in Hood River county, Oregon, where he is engaged in raising alfalfa and clover.In his fraternal relations Mr. Dimmick is a Woodman of the World and an Odd Fellow, politically a republican. His energy and determination have made him what he is today—one of the prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county, and his substantial traits of character have won for him the warm regard of all with whom he has been brought in contact. Walla Walla county gained a substantial citizen when he removed from Oregon to this state, for his labors have contributed much to its agricultural development.FRANK S. DEMENT.It was in the quaint and picturesque little city of Oregon City, Oregon, that Frank S. Dement, prominent miller and grain dealer of Walla Walla, was born November 3, 1853, a representative of one of the oldest and most prominent families upon the Pacific coast. His father, W. C. Dement, came to Oregon from Virginia in 1843 in the train with Marcus Whitman. He engaged in merchandising at Oregon City, the little town that was founded above the falls of the Willamette river, and he was one of the four who built the railway around the falls at Oregon City, which was one of the first, if not the first railway on the Pacific coast. With many events which shaped the pioneer development and later progress of that section of the country he was closely associated. He served as captain of volunteers in the Rogue River Indian war in 1856 and there was no phase of frontier development with which he was not thoroughly familiar. He became a resident of Oregon before the city of Portland was established and he lived to witness many remarkable changes as the work of settlement was carried forward. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Olive Johnson, came to Oregon in 1845 and was a daughter of the Rev. Hezekiah Johnson, a Baptist missionary of that state.Frank S. Dement, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his education in the Oregon City Seminary and in early life took up the printing business, learning the trade, after which he engaged in general printing and in publishing of the Oregon City Enterprise. He figured prominently in public affairs in that locality and served as county treasurer of Clackamas county, Oregon, which position he resigned in 1879 and removed to Walla Walla on account of his health. In the following year he organized the Dement Brothers Company and has continuously served as its president. He and his partners purchased the Eureka flour mills of the firm of Welch & Schwabacher Brothers in 1880. These mills had a capacity of one hundred and fifty barrels daily and something of the growth of the business is indicated in the fact that the present capacity is six hundred barrels daily. In a word they have developed one of the most important milling industries of this section of the state and they are also well known as extensive grain dealers. It was Frank S. Dement who in 1882 imported the first bluestem seed wheat from New Zealand to the Pacific northwest and it is today the leading wheat grown in this section of the country. Through this channel and his other business activities he has contributed in marked measure to the material development and consequent prosperity of his section of the state. In the conduct of his business affairs he has amassed a considerable fortune, much of which he has invested in Walla Walla real estate, thus indicating his faith in the future of this district.In Oregon City, Oregon, on the 1st of August, 1877, Mr. Dement was married to Miss Frances Miller, a daughter of Captain J. D. Miller, who was a pioneer steamboat operator on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. To Mr. and Mrs. Dement have been born two sons: Charles F., who is county auditor of Walla Walla county; and Frank Bingham, who is now in the National army at Camp Lewis. He was graduated from the Shattuck Military School of Minnesota in 1914 and was a student in Whitman College with the class of 1918.Frank S. Dement has long been a recognized leader in republican circles in his county and was chairman of the county republican central committee. He has done much to further the interests of his party, believing firmly in its principles and recognizing the duties and obligations as well as the privileges of citizenship; yet he has never sought nor desired office as a reward for party fealty. Fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and is a prominent Mason, having taken the degrees of both the York and Scottish Rites. He is a member of Oriental Consistory, A. & A. S. R., of Spokane and of El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. For the past thirty years he has been a very active and prominent member of the Commercial Club of Walla Walla and is now one of its directors and the treasurer. He stands for progressiveness in all public affairs and his efforts in behalf of general progress and improvement have been practical, far reaching and effective. Men who know him—and he has a wide acquaintance—speak of him in terms of the highest regard both as to his relationship with business affairs and in matters of citizenship.JOSEPH LEDGERWOOD.Joseph Ledgerwood, deceased, spent the last years of his life in honorable retirement from business in Pomeroy, enjoying the fruits of his former labor. For many years he had been identified with farming in southeastern Washington and his well directed business affairs brought to him a very substantial competence, enabling him to enjoy all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life and also to leave his family in very easy financial circumstances. He was born in Clay county, Missouri, July 17, 1836, and was a son of Joseph and Rachael Ledgerwood, who were natives of Tennessee and afterward became pioneer settlers of Clay county, Missouri.Joseph Ledgerwood acquired his education in the common schools of Clay and Daviess counties of Missouri and on reaching manhood took up the occupation of farming. In 1864, with little money to outfit him for so hazardous and extended a journey, he started across the plains for the Pacific coast country, and while he endured many hardships and privations while en route,he ultimately in safety reached the Umpqua valley, where he made a home for his family and continued to reside until 1877. He then disposed of his property in that region and removed to Garfield county, Washington, settling about nine miles east of Pomeroy. There he prospered and from time to time, as his financial resources increased, he added to his land until at his death he was the owner of about one thousand acres of valuable farm property. In the later years of his life he retired from active farm work and removed to Pomeroy, where he spent his remaining days in the enjoyment of the fruits of his many years of successful labor. For a long period his life had been one of untiring industry and perseverance, during which he was watchful of every opportunity and indication pointing toward success. At all times he based his advancement upon the sure foundation of industry and persistency of purpose.In 1859 Mr. Ledgerwood was united in marriage to Miss Louise O'Keef, a native of Illinois, who was a faithful helpmate to him and shared with him in all of the hardships and privations of pioneer life, when Oregon and Washington were still frontier states. She still survives her husband and cherishes his memory, for he was most devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family. To Mr. and Mrs. Ledgerwood were born nine children, seven of whom are yet living, as follows: William T.; J. Joseph; John T.; Lou Emma, who is the wife of W. A. DeBow, a grain dealer of Pomeroy; Martha R., who is the widow of James B. Carter and resides in Pomeroy; Rosa, who gave her hand in marriage to Lou Jurgens, of Asotin county, Washington; and Clara B., the wife of Edward Davis, of Okanogan county, Washington.Mr. Ledgerwood was a very progressive man, public-spirited in all that he did, and his aid and cooperation could ever be counted upon to further public progress. He aided many movements for the general good, and while he was never a politician in the commonly accepted sense of the term and never would consent to hold office, he gave earnest support to the democratic party because of a firm belief in its principles. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity and to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was a consistent Christian man, both he and his wife being lifelong members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Ledgerwood occupies a handsome home in Pomeroy, surrounded by all the comforts and conveniences which make life worth living.REMEDeRUWE.Among the successful sheep raisers of Columbia county is numbered Reme De Ruwe, who was born in Belgium, September 15, 1882, a son of Peter and Julia De Ruwe, also natives of that country, where their entire lives were passed. To them were born fifteen children. The subject of this review is indebted for his education to the schools of his native land, and remained at home until he was about twenty years old. Then, in 1902, he decided to try his fortune in the United States and located in Walla Walla county, Washington, where he at once turned his attention to raising sheep. He has since continued in that occupation on an extensive scale. He pastures his sheep on a ranch comprising twelve hundred acres of land in Columbia county. The successwhich he has gained in fifteen years is quite unusual, demonstrating his ability to adapt himself to a new condition, his sound judgment and his enterprise. His ranch is well improved and is a very valuable property.In 1914 Mr. De Ruwe was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Kregger, and they have a son, Marvin, and have also adopted three children. Mr. De Ruwe casts his ballot in support of the republican party, whose principles accord with his political beliefs. He was reared in the Catholic faith and consistently gives his influence on the side of moral advancement. He has gained many friends since coming to eastern Washington, his salient characteristics being such as never fail to command respect and win regard.CHARLES L. WHITNEY.Charles L. Whitney, who is living retired on section 6, township 6 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, is now enjoying a period of well merited leisure made possible by his former successful labors as a nurseryman and horticulturist. He was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1857, of the marriage of William G. and Marcia M. (Pettis) Whitney, the former a native of Onondaga county, New York. They removed to California in 1879; two years before their son Charles L. had made his way to the Pacific coast, and after residing there for one or two years they came to Walla Walla county, Washington. Here the father, in partnership with his son Charles L., bought the farm where the latter still resides. This place was the site of the Sims mill, which was the first mill built in the state and possibly the first in the northwest. The date of its erection was 1858 and there was also a distillery operated within the limits of the farm. In the early days pack trains, numbering one hundred animals were sent to the outlying camps loaded with flour, bacon and whiskey, and the farm is indeed one of the historic places of the state. The father established the Home nursery and the son the North Western nurseries, and both proved successful in that business. The father remained active in the management of his affairs both as a nurseryman and as a farmer until his death in 1912. The mother passed away in 1910.Charles L. Whitney was reared in Pennsylvania and after attending the common schools became a student in the Edinboro (Penn.) State Normal school and in Austinburg College at Austinburg, Ohio. Later he took up the study of medicine at the Eclectic Medical College at San Francisco, California, but left that institution a year before the completion of his course. It was in 1877 that he removed to California and he was one of the first settlers of the town of Whatcom. He devoted some time to timber cruising and for a number of years he traveled through California, Oregon and Washington, becoming familiar with practically every part of the Pacific coast. In 1880 he came with his parents to Walla Walla county and established the North Western nurseries, which he conducted for years. He was one of the first men to enter that line of business in this section and his success in the growing of fruit trees determined the possibilities of this region in the production of fruit. He also engaged in general farming to some extent and found that likewise profitable. Forfour years he was county fruit inspector and later was for a similar length of time state fruit inspector and was generally recognized as an authority on everything pertaining to fruit and its production. About 1907 he gave up the nursery business and has since rented his land for gardening, although he still resides upon his farm, which comprises one hundred and-fifty-two acres two miles south of Walla Walla, in the most fertile part of the valley. His home is a handsome country residence, provided with all modern conveniences.In 1883 Mr. Whitney was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth McCaslin, who was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, but was teaching in the schools of Omaha, Nebraska, at the time of her marriage. They have become the parents of five children, of whom four survive, namely: Elizabeth May, the wife of Ned McLean, of Walla Walla; Bertha, who married L. F. Turman, of Willows, California; Charles B., who is first sergeant with the Washington Field Artillery, under Major Weyrauch; and Marguerite, the wife of Fred Houghton, of Attalia, this county.Mr. Whitney's political views accord with the principles of the republican party and he gives it his stanch support but has never taken a very active part in politics. However, he has always felt the keenest interest in the upbuilding of his county and his influence has been felt in its development along horticultural, agricultural and civic lines. He was a member of the board of commissioners that had charge of the Walla Walla exhibit at the Lewis and Clark Exposition held in Portland in 1905 and took a great deal of pride in the fine showing that the county made. He has a number of fraternal connections, belonging to Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Walla Walla Commandery, No. 1 K. T.; El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane; to the Shrine Club at Walla Walla, of which he is president; to Alki Chapter, No. 25, O. E. S., of which he is past patron and of which his wife was the second matron, to Enterprise Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., of which he is past grand; to the Ancient Order of United Workmen; and to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. His high standing in the Odd Fellows society is further indicated by the fact that he holds the lodge jewel.EDWARD H. NIXON.Edward H. Nixon, one of the earliest of Walla Walla's pioneers now living and for many years a dominant factor in civic affairs, was born in Guyandotte, West Virginia, on the 26th of May, 1842. When he was ten years of age his parents removed to Jackson county, Iowa, settling on a farm about eight miles west of Sabula. He was there educated in the district schools and at his mother's knee, she having been educated for a teacher in the Massachusetts schools in early life. Subsequently she went west to teach in the West Virginia schools and it was there that she was married. After mastering the early branches of learning Mr. Nixon continued his studies in the high school at Maquoketa, Iowa, and at the age of twenty years he was elected to the office of constable in his district, but the commissioners refused him a commission because he was not of legal age. He began reading law at Maquoketa, Iowa, and advanced sufficiently to try cases before a justice of the peace.EDWARD H. NIXONIn sentiment he was strongly anti-slavery at the beginning of the Civil war and as his sympathies were with the north, he determined he would not fight for any country that would uphold slavery, but after the Emancipation Proclamation he offered his services to the country and was accepted in December, 1863, being mustered into the service as a member of Company A, Ninth Regiment of the Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for one year, five months and eleven days. He then received an honorable discharge, the war having been brought to a close. He had participated in the battles of Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas and New Hope Church, Ackworth or Big Shanty, and the seven days' siege of Kenesaw Mountain and many skirmishes. He was also in the battle of Atlanta on the 22d of July, 1864, in the battle of Ezra Church and many others, taking part in every engagement in which his regiment participated until the fall of Atlanta. At close of the war he received an honorable discharge and returned to his home with a most creditable military record, having nobly done his part to preserve the Union. He afterward pursued a course in Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York, and subsequently he engaged in farming until 1873, when he started for the far west with Walla Walla as his destination. He arrived here on the 16th of March of that year and took up the profession of teaching. He also engaged in farm work and in fact accepted any employment that would yield him an honest dollar.On the 2d of April, 1876, Mr. Nixon was united in marriage to Miss Kate Stewart, a daughter of Daniel and Margaret Stewart, and to them have been born three children, two daughters and a son: Stella, now the wife of H. L. Wilson, who is state highway contractor and a resident of Walla Walla; Laura, the wife of H. H. Hadley, who is engaged in the automobile business in Dayton, Washington; and Edward S., who is associated with his father in the real estate and insurance business under the firm style of E. H. Nixon & Son.In 1877, soon after his marriage, Mr. Nixon removed to Whitman county and took up a homestead and tree claim and preempted another one hundred and sixty acres of land. He also rented a section of school land and for eight years or more was extensively and successfully engaged in farming. He laid out the first road ever laid out in Whitman county and was well known as the pioneer settler of that county, instituting much of the progressive work which has brought about its present-day progress and prosperity. In 1885 he returned to Walla Walla, and while he has disposed of his landed interests in Whitman county, he still owns valuable farm property and since 1892 he has conducted a real estate and insurance business, the firm of E. H. Nixon & Son maintaining an office in the Jaycox building. For many years Mr. Nixon was one of the most conspicuous figures in the civic affairs of Walla Walla. He served as road overseer, was also United States deputy postmaster, was justice of the peace two years and was police judge one year. He was also city assessor one term and was a member of the city council and at all times exercised his official prerogatives in support of many well defined plans and measures for the general good. He looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the opportunities and possibilities of the future and labored not only for the welfare of the passing hour but for future time as well. He was responsible for the establishment ofthe perpetual care system in the city cemetery and later the same system in the Odd Fellows cemetery, serving as president of the cemetery committee for a number of years. Mr. Nixon has long been a faithful and prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, in which he has filled all of the offices in the local post. He has also been honored with the position of assistant adjutant general and assistant quartermaster general of the Department of Washington and Alaska. He has membership in Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, A. F. & A. M., and is a member of Washington Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all of the chairs, including that of noble grand. In 1890 he joined with F. W. Paine and others in forming the Interstate Building Loan & Trust Association, and he is a member of its board of trustees and vice president of the association. In a word his activities are broad and varied. He is a liberal minded man, recognizing the duties and obligations of the individual to his fellowmen and to his country. At all times he has been actuated by a progressive spirit and in business affairs has been stimulated by a laudable ambition. His purposes have been well defined and promptly executed and the course which he has pursued has at all times measured up to the highest standards of manhood. His work has been of great benefit to the community at large as well as a source of individual success, and Walla Walla county honors him as one of her best known pioneers. His religious faith is that of the Unitarian church.S. S. MORITZ.S. S. Moritz, who since 1914 has held the office of postmaster of Dayton, was formerly prominently identified with its business interests, first as a merchant and later as a real estate operator. He was born in Victoria, British Columbia, August 28, 1863, a son of Moses and Adeline (Greenenburg) Moritz, natives respectively of Alsace, France, and of Groesenadar, Germany. The mother came to the Pacific coast by way of the Panama route in young womanhood and joined relatives living in San Francisco. The father emigrated to this country in early manhood and after spending some time in the middle west made his way to the California gold fields in 1849. He acquired some valuable mining properties but later lost them through reverses in fortune. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in San Francisco in 1855 and subsequently went to Portland, Oregon, where he was married, the lady who became his wife having in the meantime removed to that city, where she made her home with relatives. Mr. Moritz engaged in merchandising there until the discovery of gold on the Fraser river in the British possessions. He then removed with his family to Victoria, where they resided for two years, after which they returned to Portland. Later they became residents of Centerville, Idaho, where the father was well known as a general merchant. At length he removed to Boise City with the view of giving his children better educational advantages and remained there until 1873, when he went to Salt Lake City, where he was active in business until 1890. He then retired and spent his last days in the home of his son, S. S. Moritz. He passed away September 23, 1913, when in his eighty-eighthyear. He was a man of vigorous constitution and retained the full use of his faculties up to the time of his death. His widow survives.S. S. Moritz received his education in the schools of Boise City and of Salt Lake City and during vacations received business training which stood him in good stead in his later years. For several years before leaving school the summers were devoted to clerking in various stores in Salt Lake City, chiefly the clothing business, and in the spring of 1885, when a young man of twenty-one years, he came to Dayton, Washington, to accept a position with Duzenbury & Stencil, general merchants. For a year he had charge of their clothing and furnishing department and then engaged in business for himself, establishing a clothing and furnishing store. For eighteen years he conducted that store and became a dominant factor in the commercial life of Dayton, his resourcefulness, energy and keen insight into business conditions causing him to be generally recognized as a leader. In 1904 he sold his store, as he desired to give his undivided attention to his other interests. For a number of years he had been investing heavily in real estate and he it was who laid out the Syndicate Hill subdivision of Dayton, which is now recognized as the finest residence district of the city, and for a decade his entire time was given up to looking after his real estate interests, but in 1914 he became postmaster of Dayton by appointment of President Wilson. During the intervening three years he has held that position and has performed his duties in the same capable manner that he managed his private affairs.Mr. Moritz was a stanch republican in his political views until 1896, but in that year he became convinced of the wisdom of the policies advocated by William Jennings Bryan and gave his support to the democratic party, with which he has since been identified. He has taken an active part in public affairs and many improvements in Dayton have been brought about largely through his indefatigable work in their behalf. Notable among these is his achievement in securing the paving of the business district in spite of much indifference and determined opposition. His interest in good roads has found further expression in the arterial highway law, a very significant piece of legislation, which is based upon a plan conceived by Mr. Moritz. When it became necessary to change the city charter in conformity with the state regulations he led the movement for a charter that would meet all the needs of Dayton and was largely instrumental in securing such an instrument. He has been one of the most active members in the Dayton Commercial Club since its organization and has had a large part in its effective and farreaching work for the city. Fraternally he belongs to Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. His position as one of the foremost residents of Dayton is secure and his personal friends are many.T. F. DICE.T. F. Dice, residing on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, holds title to a large amount of land but is renting the greater part of it and is thus enjoying comparative leisure. His birth occurred in Pennsylvania, February 15, 1859, a son of William and Susan (Redrick) Dice, whopassed their entire lives in the Keystone state. Five of their seven children are still living.T. F. Dice grew to manhood in Pennsylvania and supplemented the education acquired in the public schools by attendance at Mercersburg college in Mercersburg. On leaving his native state he went to Savannah, Georgia, where he spent three years, and then in 1889 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, for the benefit of his health and here he purchased a farm on which he resided for three years. He next bought his present home place on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, and for many years personally operated the five hundred acres comprised in the farm. At the present time, however, he rents all the land but an eighty acre tract, which is in alfalfa and which he looks after himself.In 1884 occurred the marriage of Mr. Dice and Miss E. A. Spangenberg. The latter was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of Frederick A. and Fanny Anna Spangenberg, both also born in Pennsylvania. The father, who successfully engaged in the practice of law for many years, is now deceased, but the mother survives. Mrs. Dice had exceptional musical training and her talents along that line have been a source of great pleasure to her family and friends. Mr. and Mrs. Dice have four children: William T., who lives in California; Lee R., who is teaching in the University of Montana; Frances E., the wife of the Rev. Robert M. Hood, now a resident of Idaho; and Carl E., a student of Mount Tamalpais Military Academy, San Rafael, California. During the years of his residence in Walla Walla county Mr. Dice has become widely and favorably known, his many excellent qualities gaining for him many warm friends.W. H. BARNHART.The field of opportunity finds its boundaries only in the limitations of the individual. When energy and ambition lie dormant the path of advancement seems closed, but to the man who believes that there is a chance for every individual and who is willing to take his chance with others, there always comes a time when he can take the initial step that will lead on to fortune. That Mr. Barnhart recognized the opportune moment is shown in the fact that he is now one of the leading business men of Starbuck, where he is widely known as the vice president and manager of the Sprout & Barnhart Mercantile Company and also as a member of the board of directors of the Bank of Starbuck. Iowa claims him as a native son, his birth having occurred in Wapello county on the 11th of October, 1871, his parents being Henry and Elizabeth (Johnson) Barnhart. The father was a native of Tennessee, while the mother's birth occurred in Ohio, and in Iowa their marriage was solemnized. They had accompanied their respective parents to the last mentioned state in childhood and were there reared. Mr. Barnhart turned his attention to farming and railroading, which he followed in Iowa until 1889, when he removed westward to Oregon and for a number of years was employed by the Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company in the capacity of engineer. He thus took part in the early development of railway operations in the west. He died in December, 1915, and is survived by his widow, who resides on a ranch near Spokane.W. H. BARNHARTW. H. Barnhart, spending his youthful days under the parental roof, completed his education in the high school at Albia, Iowa, from which he was graduated with the class of 1889. The following year he came to Oregon and for a number of years successfully engaged in teaching school, imparting readily and clearly to others the knowledge that he had acquired. He also worked in a store at La Grande, Oregon, and subsequently he became a student in Armstrong's Business College at Portland. Later he took up railroading as an employe of the Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company and was employed by that corporation for thirteen years. During the last seven years of that period he ran an engine and in 1907 he resigned his position with the company and purchased an interest in the mercantile establishment of W. E. Sprout of Starbuck. The following year the company was reorganized and incorporated, with Mr. Barnhart as the vice president and manager of the business, and Mr. Sprout as the president. They have a spacious and well appointed store, carrying an extensive line of goods, and they always maintain the highest standards in the personnel of the house, in the stock carried and in the treatment accorded patrons. Their business has therefore gradually increased as the years have gone on and has become one of the profitable commercial interests of southeastern Washington.In September, 1901, Mr. Barnhart was united in marriage to Miss Bessie A. Wright, of Starbuck, and they have become parents of two daughters, Grace M. and Blanche L. Mr. Barnhart is a loyal representative of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Tucanon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of which he is now worshipful master. He is also identified with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and has served as chief engineer in the order. In politics he is a stalwart republican and is now mayor of Starbuck. He had previously served for several years as a member of the town council and his fitness for further and more responsible public duties led to his election as chief executive. His wife and two daughters are members of the Episcopal church and Mr. Barnhart is serving on its board of trustees. His aid and influence are always given on the side of progress and improvement as related to the material upbuilding and also the social, intellectual and moral advancement of the community. Those who know him, and he has a wide acquaintance, esteem him as a man of genuine worth who well merits the success that has crowned his efforts since he started out in business life empty-handed.IRA D. BRUNTON.Among the native sons of Walla Walla county who have elected to continue residents thereof is Ira D. Brunton, who is engaged in farming on section 30, township 8 north, range 36 east. He was born in that township, May 11, 1876, and is a son of W. H. H. and Sarah A. (Lewis) Brunton, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. He was reared upon the home farm, and his boyhood and youth were spent in the acquirement of a district school education and in helping his father. He further pursued his studies in Whitman College and at the old Empire Business College at Walla Walla, thus fitting himself for his later life.After his marriage Mr. Brunton began farming for himself, operating a part of the homestead in partnership with his father, this relation being continued until his father's death, after which Mr. Brunton of this review and his brother Frank managed the entire estate of seven hundred acres for five years. At the end of that time Ira D. Brunton took over the operation of four hundred acres and his brother Garfield became responsible for the cultivation of the remaining three hundred acres. In 1903 our subject purchased one hundred and sixty acres adjoining the home farm and he now operates both places and also four hundred acres of rented land, or nine hundred and sixty acres in all. It is thus evident that his interests are extensive and make heavy demands upon his time and energies, but he is industrious, progressive and systematic in his work and his affairs are kept well in hand.Mr. Brunton was married October 10, 1897, to Miss Bessie L. Ramseur, a daughter of David W. Ramseur, who removed to Walla Walla county from North Carolina in 1892. To Mr. and Mrs. Brunton have been born five children: Elsie M., the wife of Clyde Garland, of Walla Walla; and Reese R., Lucille B., and Miles and Melvin, twins, all of whom are at home.Mr. Brunton's political views are in accord with the principles of the democratic party and he supports its candidates at the polls. In 1908 he was his party's nominee for sheriff and polled a large vote. Fraternally he is connected with Mountain Gem Lodge, No. 136, K. P., and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is held in high esteem as a citizen and as a man, and his success as a farmer entitles him to rank among the leaders in the agricultural development of the county.JOSEPH CLARK FAIR.Joseph Clark Fair, an independent grain buyer and one of Dayton's foremost business men and representative citizens, was born in Benton county, Arkansas, February 26, 1874, a son of Joseph A. and Martha Ann (Russell) Fair, the former born in Sullivan county, Tennessee, and the latter in Barry county, Missouri. The parents were taken by their respective parents to Benton county, Arkansas, and there grew to manhood and womanhood. They continued to reside there following their marriage, with the exception of four years spent in Texas, up to the time of the mother's death, which occurred in June, 1899. The father devoted his active life to farming but is now a resident of Centerton, Benton county, Arkansas, where he is living retired. He is a local Methodist minister and was often importuned to join the conference but refused, saying he knew he could make a living farming but did not know whether he could as a minister or not. His parents, Ellis and Nancy Hamilton (Easly) Fair, were representatives of old families of Tennessee. Mr. Fair was killed by Indians at the time of the Civil war. The parents of Mrs. Martha Ann (Russell) Fair were Elijah and Louisa (Bell) Russell, natives respectively of Missouri and Tennessee. Mr. Russell went to the California gold mines in 1849, crossing the plains with ox team, and returned to the east in 1852 by sailing vessel. At the time of the Civil war he was killed by bushwackers.Joseph Clark Fair was reared at home, and in the acquirement of his education attended the common schools of Arkansas and the Elm Springs Academy, in Washington county, that state. For two terms he engaged in teaching in Benton county, Arkansas, but because of the low salary paid teachers gave up the profession. In 1898 he decided to try his fortune in the far west and located at Condon, Gilliam county, Oregon, where he was connected with lumber interests. He remained there for five years and during the last year helped to build the courthouse. During that time he acquired title to seven hundred and twenty acres of land, which he has since sold at a profit. In 1903 he became a resident of Dayton, Washington, where he has ever since remained, and he is well known throughout Columbia county as a grain-buyer. He is expert in judging wheat and keeps in the closest touch with the grain markets and has been very successful in his business affairs.Mr. Fair was married in 1908 to Miss Nellie Virginia Gregg, who was born in Washington county, Arkansas, but at the time of her marriage was county superintendent of schools of Columbia county. To them was born one child, who, however, is deceased. Mr. Fair is a stanch democrat in politics and has served with ability as a member of the town council. He is well known in fraternal circles, belonging to Alki Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F., of which he is past grand; Franklin Encampment, No. 13, I. O. O. F., of which he is past chief patriarch; Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M., of which he is now worshipful master; and Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P., of which he is past chancellor. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Congregational church, and in his business dealings, as well as in the private relations of life, his conduct measures up to high moral standards. He feels that his decision to come to the west was one of the wisest that he has ever made and he is confident that a greater future is in store for this section.CHARLES CLAGUE.Charles Clague, a prosperous farmer residing on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, was born on the Isle of Man in March, 1860, a son of Richard and Isabella (Quirk) Clague, also natives of that island, where their entire lives were passed. Our subject's education was received in the public schools and he remained in his native country until he attained his majority but in 1881 came to the United States. For six months he worked in a grocery store in Olean, New York, after which he decided to see the west. There for a month he worked in Colorado and then continued his journey, arriving in San Francisco on Christmas day, 1881. He only remained in that city for two days, however, and then came to Walla Walla county, Washington. He took up a homestead two miles south of Prescott and for twenty years lived upon that place, which he operated successfully. He also purchased other land, becoming the owner of seven hundred and eighty acres. In 1902, in partnership with T. F. Dice, he bought five hundred acres of land and later they purchased the old Samuel Erwin home farm, where both have since resided. Mr. Clague has sold his homestead and the land adjoining and has also disposed of the equity of thefive hundred acre tract but retains his interest in the farm of eighty acres, where he and Mr. Dice reside. He also is the owner of fifty-two acres of irrigated land near Patterson, Stanislaus county, California. He has gained financial independence and, having disposed of the greater part of his holdings, is now enjoying a period of comparative leisure.Mr. Clague is a progressive republican in politics and has always been most loyal to the interests of his adopted country. He belongs to the Presbyterian church and in its teachings are found the principles which guide his life. For thirty-six years he has resided in Walla Walla county and has done his part in bringing about the wonderful development that has taken place during that time. He has a wide acquaintance and a large number of warm personal friends.FRANK W. PAINE.Frank W. Paine is a capitalist of Walla Walla whose name is inseparably interwoven with the history of city and state. Coming to the west in pioneer times, he is familiar with every phase of frontier life and with the processes of development which have brought the state from pioneer conditions to its present stage of progress and prosperity. His individual labors have contributed much to the results achieved, and no account of Walla Walla's development would be complete without extended reference to him.Mr. Paine was born August 31, 1839, in Mercer, Somerset county, Maine, and has therefore passed the seventy-eighth milestone on life's journey. His father, William Paine, was born in Hingham, Massachusetts, September 5, 1801, and died December 4, 1883, while the mother, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Wentworth Pike, was born in Somersworth, New Hampshire, December 29, 1804, and passed away February 14, 1872. Both parents were of English Puritan stock. Among the early representatives of the Paine family were men of title who belonged to the nobility of England, and in New England representatives of the name loyally served their country in the struggle for independence and as statesmen aided in formulating the policy of the commonwealth with which they were connected. In religious faith the parents of Frank W. Paine were Congregationalists. In political faith William Paine was first a whig and afterwards a republican, and by occupation he was a farmer. To him and his wife were born six children, who were reared more in the fear than in the love of God, but for their day they were on the firing line, both in good works and exemplary lives.Frank W. Paine began his education in a little unpainted schoolhouse of one room, which stood at the forks of the road on Beech Hill, in the town of Mercer, Somerset county, Maine. He at first had the opportunity of attending school for about eight weeks in the summer and ten weeks in the winter season until he was ten or eleven years of age, when he no longer found it possible to continue his studies through the summer but was enabled to attend school through the winter until his eighteenth year. He then began teaching in the country districts through the winter months, while the summer was devoted to farm work. On leaving the schoolroom, however, he did not consider his education complete, for his strong desire for learning has led him to read and study systematically and he always has near him good books on history, literature, science and poetry. Such books have also constituted a part of his continuous reading and thus he has obviated his lack of early training and become a most well informed man. Moreover, in the various positions of public trust which he has filled he has always found it to be of the greatest assistance to resort to the most reliable authorities treating on the matters in hand and in these ways he has been able to accomplish something of what a liberal education might have done for him. He has many times so keenly felt his deficiency in the lack of school and college training that upon an analysis of his educational shortcomings he determined that his most serious lack was a fuller understanding of history, literature and Latin, and he has wherever possible urged young men to prepare along those lines.

MAJOR RAYMOND R. REES

MAJOR RAYMOND R. REES

MAJOR RAYMOND R. REES

MRS. RAYMOND R. REES

MRS. RAYMOND R. REES

MRS. RAYMOND R. REES

Mr. Rees formed a partnership with Nemiah Northrop and established the first newspaper in this section—the Washington Statesman. The firm sent to Portland for a press, which arrived on schedule time, and the first issue of the new paper appeared on November 27th. The publishers therein made the following announcement to the public: "We send forth this morning with our congratulations the first number of the Washington Statesman, and respectfully solicit the attention of the people of Walla Walla and county to its pages.... That a weekly publication devoted to the various interests of the country, containing all the news which may be gathered from different quarters, is essentially needed in the Walla Walla valley we premise no permanent resident will deny. This admitted, we have no misgivings as to the disposition of the people to come forward and promptly sustain an enterprise so materially calculated to further their interests as a community." In the meantime the firm of Rees & Northrop learned that two brothers named Smith intended starting a democratic paper in Walla Walla and had sent to Portland for a press, which, however, reached The Dalles just as the Columbia river, at that time the only highway, froze over, with the result that it could not be delivered for three months. Mr. Smith desired to become a member of his competing firm and his wish was granted. The first subscriptions did not come in to the new paper as readily as had been expected. Accordingly Mr. Smith made a tour on horseback of Walla Walla county and Umatilla county and succeeded in obtaining two hundred subscriptions at five dollars per year, the circulation list containing the names of practically all the men of the two counties. The Statesman was the first newspaper established in eastern Washington, then known as the "upper country," and was a factor of great importance in the early development of this region. Mr. Rees was one of the owners of that journal until November, 1865, when he sold his interest therein to W. H. Newell, and the following five years were devoted to farming in connection with his father-in-law. In 1870 he returned to Walla Walla and formed a partnership with H. E. Johnson for the conduct of a mercantile business under the style of Johnson & Rees. Two years later W. P. Winans bought into the firm and the name was changed to Johnson, Rees & Winans. With Mr. Johnson's subsequent retirement from the business the firm name became Rees & Winans and so remained until 1887, when the business was sold. In the meantime a two-story building was erected where now stands the Farmers Savings Bank. Plans were subsequently made for the erection of the Rees-Winans building but before construction work was begun Mr. Rees was called by death. His widow, with Mr. Winans, however, carried out the plans already made and the building was erected in due time and was an important addition to the downtown section of Walla Walla. As a merchant Mr. Rees was enterprising, progressive and sound of judgment, managing his affairs carefully and giving much thought to anticipating the demands of his customers. He based his success upon the firm foundation of the best service possible and full return for all money received.

Mr. Rees was married March 12, 1865, to Miss Augusta Ward, the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Michael V. Ward. She was born near Chicago, in De Kalb county, Illinois, in 1843 and in 1853 accompanied her parents to Oregon, the journey being made by ox team. The family settled near Lebanon, in Linn county, but the long wet season proved unhealthful and Mr. Ward developed serious throat trouble. On the advice of a physician he removed to Walla Walla county, bringing with him three hundred head of cattle. That winter, however,there was an unusually heavy snowfall and owing to the unfavorable weather conditions he lost all of his cattle but forty-four. However, the increase in prices enabled him to realize so much from the remaining cattle that his net loss was inconsiderable. He bought the Lewis McMorris ranch a few miles south of Walla Walla and operated that place for some time but at length disposed of it. He then removed to Walla Walla and erected there the most pretentious home in the city at the corner of East and Poplar streets. At the time of the visit of President Hayes and party the president and his wife were entertained at the home of Mr. Ward, as there were no suitable hotel accommodations to be found in the city. Mrs. Hayes insisted in helping with the house work and at her request fried apples were served at breakfast. The democratic spirit manifested by the president and his wife made their visit a genuine pleasure as well as an honor. To Mr. and Mrs. Rees were born three children: Frank W., a well known dentist of Walla Walla; Elma R., the wife of H. H. Turner, cashier of the Baker-Boyer Bank of Walla Walla; and Lora R., the wife of Paul Compton, of Los Angeles, California. Mr. Compton is a son of General Compton, who for years had command of the garrison at Walla Walla.

Mr. Rees was a prominent democrat and for many years took an active part in politics. He represented his district at two different times in the state legislature; for several years served as county treasurer, and his record as an official was highly creditable alike to his ability and his public spirit. He was always called upon with a certainty of response for aid in carrying out projects for the development of Walla Walla city and county and his demise, which occurred July 12, 1889, was recognized as a great loss to his community.

His widow survives and resides in one of the handsomest residences of the city, in which she takes great pride, for it was built in accordance with plans drawn by herself. After the death of her husband she carried on the business of the estate. She is one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla and her reminiscences of the early days when the present rapidly growing city was a little frontier settlement are much appreciated by the younger generation, who find it hard to realize that conditions have changed so radically within a half century. When she came to this region there were not more than twenty white women in the valley and she is one of the very few of the number now living.

JOHN H. ROMAINE.

John H. Romaine, who has been engaged in farming in Columbia county, was born in Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, April 15, 1857, a son of Garrit Romaine, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Our subject grew to manhood in his native state and there received a good common school education. When twenty years old he accompanied his parents to Washington and not long after his arrival in this state took up a homestead on section 25, township 11 north, range 38 east. He brought his land to a high state of development, and gained recognition as a progressive and capable farmer. He raised both wheat and stock and his annual income reached gratifying proportions. He added to his holdings as the years passed until he owned fourteen hundredacres of fine land but sold out in the fall of 1917 and purchased a ranch of seven hundred and fifty-five acres in Umatilla county, Oregon, nine miles south of Walla Walla, Washington, on which he expects to locate.

In 1882 Mr. Romaine was united in marriage to Miss May McKellips and following her death married Miss Ella Davis, a daughter of Cyrus and Nancy (Holly) Davis, natives respectively of Vermont and Ohio. They removed to Old Walla Walla county and here her father passed away in 1910. Her mother survives and makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Romaine. The latter have become the parents of four children: Jean M., deceased; one who died in infancy; Garrit; and Jean Henry.

Mr. Romaine gives his political allegiance to the republican party but has never sought office, his farming interests requiring his undivided time and attention. His wife belongs to the Congregational church and takes much interest in its work. During the forty years of his residence in Old Walla Walla county Mr. Romaine has witnessed a remarkable transformation and has kept pace with the development of the county, at all times giving his support to progressive measures.

ZIBA DIMMICK.

For a quarter of a century Ziba Dimmick has been a resident of Walla Walla county and is now numbered among its most prosperous farmers, being extensively and successfully engaged in the growing of wheat. His place is situated on section 27, township 8 north, range 34 east of W. M. He is a western man by birth, by training and by preference, and the spirit of western enterprise finds exemplification in his life. He was born at The Dalles, Oregon, on the 8th of March, 1868, and is a son of H. R. and Ann (Cooper) Dimmick, the former a native of Illinois, while the latter was born in Scotland. It was in the year of 1853 that the father crossed the plains with ox teams, meeting all the hardships and privations of that strenuous trip in the early days. He located first on the Umpqua river in southern Oregon, where he lived with his parents until the spring of 1862, when he and his wife moved to The Dalles. His remaining days were spent in that state, and his widow, who still survives is now a resident of Hood River county, Oregon. In her family were ten children, of whom Ziba is the eldest son and six of the number are now living.

Ziba Dimmick was reared and educated in Oregon, no event of special importance occurring to vary the routine of life for him in the days of his boyhood and youth. At the age of sixteen years he started to work for the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company, where he learned the blacksmith's trade, at which he worked until 1892. When a young man of about twenty-four he came to Walla Walla, Washington, and commenced his career as a farmer, working for different men, until 1900, when he invested his savings in the farm upon which he now resides. He today owns seven hundred and twenty acres of rich and productive wheat land and has always made a specialty of raising that crop, for which the soil and climate are particularly adapted. Success has therefore attended his efforts, for in all of his methodshe is practical and progressive and through the summer months the broad fields of waving grain give promises of abundant harvest in the autumn. In addition to this property Mr. Dimmick owns one hundred and ten acres of valuable land in Hood River county, Oregon, where he is engaged in raising alfalfa and clover.

In his fraternal relations Mr. Dimmick is a Woodman of the World and an Odd Fellow, politically a republican. His energy and determination have made him what he is today—one of the prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county, and his substantial traits of character have won for him the warm regard of all with whom he has been brought in contact. Walla Walla county gained a substantial citizen when he removed from Oregon to this state, for his labors have contributed much to its agricultural development.

FRANK S. DEMENT.

It was in the quaint and picturesque little city of Oregon City, Oregon, that Frank S. Dement, prominent miller and grain dealer of Walla Walla, was born November 3, 1853, a representative of one of the oldest and most prominent families upon the Pacific coast. His father, W. C. Dement, came to Oregon from Virginia in 1843 in the train with Marcus Whitman. He engaged in merchandising at Oregon City, the little town that was founded above the falls of the Willamette river, and he was one of the four who built the railway around the falls at Oregon City, which was one of the first, if not the first railway on the Pacific coast. With many events which shaped the pioneer development and later progress of that section of the country he was closely associated. He served as captain of volunteers in the Rogue River Indian war in 1856 and there was no phase of frontier development with which he was not thoroughly familiar. He became a resident of Oregon before the city of Portland was established and he lived to witness many remarkable changes as the work of settlement was carried forward. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Olive Johnson, came to Oregon in 1845 and was a daughter of the Rev. Hezekiah Johnson, a Baptist missionary of that state.

Frank S. Dement, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his education in the Oregon City Seminary and in early life took up the printing business, learning the trade, after which he engaged in general printing and in publishing of the Oregon City Enterprise. He figured prominently in public affairs in that locality and served as county treasurer of Clackamas county, Oregon, which position he resigned in 1879 and removed to Walla Walla on account of his health. In the following year he organized the Dement Brothers Company and has continuously served as its president. He and his partners purchased the Eureka flour mills of the firm of Welch & Schwabacher Brothers in 1880. These mills had a capacity of one hundred and fifty barrels daily and something of the growth of the business is indicated in the fact that the present capacity is six hundred barrels daily. In a word they have developed one of the most important milling industries of this section of the state and they are also well known as extensive grain dealers. It was Frank S. Dement who in 1882 imported the first bluestem seed wheat from New Zealand to the Pacific northwest and it is today the leading wheat grown in this section of the country. Through this channel and his other business activities he has contributed in marked measure to the material development and consequent prosperity of his section of the state. In the conduct of his business affairs he has amassed a considerable fortune, much of which he has invested in Walla Walla real estate, thus indicating his faith in the future of this district.

In Oregon City, Oregon, on the 1st of August, 1877, Mr. Dement was married to Miss Frances Miller, a daughter of Captain J. D. Miller, who was a pioneer steamboat operator on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. To Mr. and Mrs. Dement have been born two sons: Charles F., who is county auditor of Walla Walla county; and Frank Bingham, who is now in the National army at Camp Lewis. He was graduated from the Shattuck Military School of Minnesota in 1914 and was a student in Whitman College with the class of 1918.

Frank S. Dement has long been a recognized leader in republican circles in his county and was chairman of the county republican central committee. He has done much to further the interests of his party, believing firmly in its principles and recognizing the duties and obligations as well as the privileges of citizenship; yet he has never sought nor desired office as a reward for party fealty. Fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and is a prominent Mason, having taken the degrees of both the York and Scottish Rites. He is a member of Oriental Consistory, A. & A. S. R., of Spokane and of El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. For the past thirty years he has been a very active and prominent member of the Commercial Club of Walla Walla and is now one of its directors and the treasurer. He stands for progressiveness in all public affairs and his efforts in behalf of general progress and improvement have been practical, far reaching and effective. Men who know him—and he has a wide acquaintance—speak of him in terms of the highest regard both as to his relationship with business affairs and in matters of citizenship.

JOSEPH LEDGERWOOD.

Joseph Ledgerwood, deceased, spent the last years of his life in honorable retirement from business in Pomeroy, enjoying the fruits of his former labor. For many years he had been identified with farming in southeastern Washington and his well directed business affairs brought to him a very substantial competence, enabling him to enjoy all of the comforts and many of the luxuries of life and also to leave his family in very easy financial circumstances. He was born in Clay county, Missouri, July 17, 1836, and was a son of Joseph and Rachael Ledgerwood, who were natives of Tennessee and afterward became pioneer settlers of Clay county, Missouri.

Joseph Ledgerwood acquired his education in the common schools of Clay and Daviess counties of Missouri and on reaching manhood took up the occupation of farming. In 1864, with little money to outfit him for so hazardous and extended a journey, he started across the plains for the Pacific coast country, and while he endured many hardships and privations while en route,he ultimately in safety reached the Umpqua valley, where he made a home for his family and continued to reside until 1877. He then disposed of his property in that region and removed to Garfield county, Washington, settling about nine miles east of Pomeroy. There he prospered and from time to time, as his financial resources increased, he added to his land until at his death he was the owner of about one thousand acres of valuable farm property. In the later years of his life he retired from active farm work and removed to Pomeroy, where he spent his remaining days in the enjoyment of the fruits of his many years of successful labor. For a long period his life had been one of untiring industry and perseverance, during which he was watchful of every opportunity and indication pointing toward success. At all times he based his advancement upon the sure foundation of industry and persistency of purpose.

In 1859 Mr. Ledgerwood was united in marriage to Miss Louise O'Keef, a native of Illinois, who was a faithful helpmate to him and shared with him in all of the hardships and privations of pioneer life, when Oregon and Washington were still frontier states. She still survives her husband and cherishes his memory, for he was most devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family. To Mr. and Mrs. Ledgerwood were born nine children, seven of whom are yet living, as follows: William T.; J. Joseph; John T.; Lou Emma, who is the wife of W. A. DeBow, a grain dealer of Pomeroy; Martha R., who is the widow of James B. Carter and resides in Pomeroy; Rosa, who gave her hand in marriage to Lou Jurgens, of Asotin county, Washington; and Clara B., the wife of Edward Davis, of Okanogan county, Washington.

Mr. Ledgerwood was a very progressive man, public-spirited in all that he did, and his aid and cooperation could ever be counted upon to further public progress. He aided many movements for the general good, and while he was never a politician in the commonly accepted sense of the term and never would consent to hold office, he gave earnest support to the democratic party because of a firm belief in its principles. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity and to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was a consistent Christian man, both he and his wife being lifelong members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Ledgerwood occupies a handsome home in Pomeroy, surrounded by all the comforts and conveniences which make life worth living.

REMEDeRUWE.

Among the successful sheep raisers of Columbia county is numbered Reme De Ruwe, who was born in Belgium, September 15, 1882, a son of Peter and Julia De Ruwe, also natives of that country, where their entire lives were passed. To them were born fifteen children. The subject of this review is indebted for his education to the schools of his native land, and remained at home until he was about twenty years old. Then, in 1902, he decided to try his fortune in the United States and located in Walla Walla county, Washington, where he at once turned his attention to raising sheep. He has since continued in that occupation on an extensive scale. He pastures his sheep on a ranch comprising twelve hundred acres of land in Columbia county. The successwhich he has gained in fifteen years is quite unusual, demonstrating his ability to adapt himself to a new condition, his sound judgment and his enterprise. His ranch is well improved and is a very valuable property.

In 1914 Mr. De Ruwe was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Kregger, and they have a son, Marvin, and have also adopted three children. Mr. De Ruwe casts his ballot in support of the republican party, whose principles accord with his political beliefs. He was reared in the Catholic faith and consistently gives his influence on the side of moral advancement. He has gained many friends since coming to eastern Washington, his salient characteristics being such as never fail to command respect and win regard.

CHARLES L. WHITNEY.

Charles L. Whitney, who is living retired on section 6, township 6 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, is now enjoying a period of well merited leisure made possible by his former successful labors as a nurseryman and horticulturist. He was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1857, of the marriage of William G. and Marcia M. (Pettis) Whitney, the former a native of Onondaga county, New York. They removed to California in 1879; two years before their son Charles L. had made his way to the Pacific coast, and after residing there for one or two years they came to Walla Walla county, Washington. Here the father, in partnership with his son Charles L., bought the farm where the latter still resides. This place was the site of the Sims mill, which was the first mill built in the state and possibly the first in the northwest. The date of its erection was 1858 and there was also a distillery operated within the limits of the farm. In the early days pack trains, numbering one hundred animals were sent to the outlying camps loaded with flour, bacon and whiskey, and the farm is indeed one of the historic places of the state. The father established the Home nursery and the son the North Western nurseries, and both proved successful in that business. The father remained active in the management of his affairs both as a nurseryman and as a farmer until his death in 1912. The mother passed away in 1910.

Charles L. Whitney was reared in Pennsylvania and after attending the common schools became a student in the Edinboro (Penn.) State Normal school and in Austinburg College at Austinburg, Ohio. Later he took up the study of medicine at the Eclectic Medical College at San Francisco, California, but left that institution a year before the completion of his course. It was in 1877 that he removed to California and he was one of the first settlers of the town of Whatcom. He devoted some time to timber cruising and for a number of years he traveled through California, Oregon and Washington, becoming familiar with practically every part of the Pacific coast. In 1880 he came with his parents to Walla Walla county and established the North Western nurseries, which he conducted for years. He was one of the first men to enter that line of business in this section and his success in the growing of fruit trees determined the possibilities of this region in the production of fruit. He also engaged in general farming to some extent and found that likewise profitable. Forfour years he was county fruit inspector and later was for a similar length of time state fruit inspector and was generally recognized as an authority on everything pertaining to fruit and its production. About 1907 he gave up the nursery business and has since rented his land for gardening, although he still resides upon his farm, which comprises one hundred and-fifty-two acres two miles south of Walla Walla, in the most fertile part of the valley. His home is a handsome country residence, provided with all modern conveniences.

In 1883 Mr. Whitney was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth McCaslin, who was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, but was teaching in the schools of Omaha, Nebraska, at the time of her marriage. They have become the parents of five children, of whom four survive, namely: Elizabeth May, the wife of Ned McLean, of Walla Walla; Bertha, who married L. F. Turman, of Willows, California; Charles B., who is first sergeant with the Washington Field Artillery, under Major Weyrauch; and Marguerite, the wife of Fred Houghton, of Attalia, this county.

Mr. Whitney's political views accord with the principles of the republican party and he gives it his stanch support but has never taken a very active part in politics. However, he has always felt the keenest interest in the upbuilding of his county and his influence has been felt in its development along horticultural, agricultural and civic lines. He was a member of the board of commissioners that had charge of the Walla Walla exhibit at the Lewis and Clark Exposition held in Portland in 1905 and took a great deal of pride in the fine showing that the county made. He has a number of fraternal connections, belonging to Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Walla Walla Commandery, No. 1 K. T.; El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Spokane; to the Shrine Club at Walla Walla, of which he is president; to Alki Chapter, No. 25, O. E. S., of which he is past patron and of which his wife was the second matron, to Enterprise Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., of which he is past grand; to the Ancient Order of United Workmen; and to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. His high standing in the Odd Fellows society is further indicated by the fact that he holds the lodge jewel.

EDWARD H. NIXON.

Edward H. Nixon, one of the earliest of Walla Walla's pioneers now living and for many years a dominant factor in civic affairs, was born in Guyandotte, West Virginia, on the 26th of May, 1842. When he was ten years of age his parents removed to Jackson county, Iowa, settling on a farm about eight miles west of Sabula. He was there educated in the district schools and at his mother's knee, she having been educated for a teacher in the Massachusetts schools in early life. Subsequently she went west to teach in the West Virginia schools and it was there that she was married. After mastering the early branches of learning Mr. Nixon continued his studies in the high school at Maquoketa, Iowa, and at the age of twenty years he was elected to the office of constable in his district, but the commissioners refused him a commission because he was not of legal age. He began reading law at Maquoketa, Iowa, and advanced sufficiently to try cases before a justice of the peace.

EDWARD H. NIXON

EDWARD H. NIXON

EDWARD H. NIXON

In sentiment he was strongly anti-slavery at the beginning of the Civil war and as his sympathies were with the north, he determined he would not fight for any country that would uphold slavery, but after the Emancipation Proclamation he offered his services to the country and was accepted in December, 1863, being mustered into the service as a member of Company A, Ninth Regiment of the Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for one year, five months and eleven days. He then received an honorable discharge, the war having been brought to a close. He had participated in the battles of Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas and New Hope Church, Ackworth or Big Shanty, and the seven days' siege of Kenesaw Mountain and many skirmishes. He was also in the battle of Atlanta on the 22d of July, 1864, in the battle of Ezra Church and many others, taking part in every engagement in which his regiment participated until the fall of Atlanta. At close of the war he received an honorable discharge and returned to his home with a most creditable military record, having nobly done his part to preserve the Union. He afterward pursued a course in Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York, and subsequently he engaged in farming until 1873, when he started for the far west with Walla Walla as his destination. He arrived here on the 16th of March of that year and took up the profession of teaching. He also engaged in farm work and in fact accepted any employment that would yield him an honest dollar.

On the 2d of April, 1876, Mr. Nixon was united in marriage to Miss Kate Stewart, a daughter of Daniel and Margaret Stewart, and to them have been born three children, two daughters and a son: Stella, now the wife of H. L. Wilson, who is state highway contractor and a resident of Walla Walla; Laura, the wife of H. H. Hadley, who is engaged in the automobile business in Dayton, Washington; and Edward S., who is associated with his father in the real estate and insurance business under the firm style of E. H. Nixon & Son.

In 1877, soon after his marriage, Mr. Nixon removed to Whitman county and took up a homestead and tree claim and preempted another one hundred and sixty acres of land. He also rented a section of school land and for eight years or more was extensively and successfully engaged in farming. He laid out the first road ever laid out in Whitman county and was well known as the pioneer settler of that county, instituting much of the progressive work which has brought about its present-day progress and prosperity. In 1885 he returned to Walla Walla, and while he has disposed of his landed interests in Whitman county, he still owns valuable farm property and since 1892 he has conducted a real estate and insurance business, the firm of E. H. Nixon & Son maintaining an office in the Jaycox building. For many years Mr. Nixon was one of the most conspicuous figures in the civic affairs of Walla Walla. He served as road overseer, was also United States deputy postmaster, was justice of the peace two years and was police judge one year. He was also city assessor one term and was a member of the city council and at all times exercised his official prerogatives in support of many well defined plans and measures for the general good. He looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the opportunities and possibilities of the future and labored not only for the welfare of the passing hour but for future time as well. He was responsible for the establishment ofthe perpetual care system in the city cemetery and later the same system in the Odd Fellows cemetery, serving as president of the cemetery committee for a number of years. Mr. Nixon has long been a faithful and prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, in which he has filled all of the offices in the local post. He has also been honored with the position of assistant adjutant general and assistant quartermaster general of the Department of Washington and Alaska. He has membership in Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, A. F. & A. M., and is a member of Washington Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all of the chairs, including that of noble grand. In 1890 he joined with F. W. Paine and others in forming the Interstate Building Loan & Trust Association, and he is a member of its board of trustees and vice president of the association. In a word his activities are broad and varied. He is a liberal minded man, recognizing the duties and obligations of the individual to his fellowmen and to his country. At all times he has been actuated by a progressive spirit and in business affairs has been stimulated by a laudable ambition. His purposes have been well defined and promptly executed and the course which he has pursued has at all times measured up to the highest standards of manhood. His work has been of great benefit to the community at large as well as a source of individual success, and Walla Walla county honors him as one of her best known pioneers. His religious faith is that of the Unitarian church.

S. S. MORITZ.

S. S. Moritz, who since 1914 has held the office of postmaster of Dayton, was formerly prominently identified with its business interests, first as a merchant and later as a real estate operator. He was born in Victoria, British Columbia, August 28, 1863, a son of Moses and Adeline (Greenenburg) Moritz, natives respectively of Alsace, France, and of Groesenadar, Germany. The mother came to the Pacific coast by way of the Panama route in young womanhood and joined relatives living in San Francisco. The father emigrated to this country in early manhood and after spending some time in the middle west made his way to the California gold fields in 1849. He acquired some valuable mining properties but later lost them through reverses in fortune. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in San Francisco in 1855 and subsequently went to Portland, Oregon, where he was married, the lady who became his wife having in the meantime removed to that city, where she made her home with relatives. Mr. Moritz engaged in merchandising there until the discovery of gold on the Fraser river in the British possessions. He then removed with his family to Victoria, where they resided for two years, after which they returned to Portland. Later they became residents of Centerville, Idaho, where the father was well known as a general merchant. At length he removed to Boise City with the view of giving his children better educational advantages and remained there until 1873, when he went to Salt Lake City, where he was active in business until 1890. He then retired and spent his last days in the home of his son, S. S. Moritz. He passed away September 23, 1913, when in his eighty-eighthyear. He was a man of vigorous constitution and retained the full use of his faculties up to the time of his death. His widow survives.

S. S. Moritz received his education in the schools of Boise City and of Salt Lake City and during vacations received business training which stood him in good stead in his later years. For several years before leaving school the summers were devoted to clerking in various stores in Salt Lake City, chiefly the clothing business, and in the spring of 1885, when a young man of twenty-one years, he came to Dayton, Washington, to accept a position with Duzenbury & Stencil, general merchants. For a year he had charge of their clothing and furnishing department and then engaged in business for himself, establishing a clothing and furnishing store. For eighteen years he conducted that store and became a dominant factor in the commercial life of Dayton, his resourcefulness, energy and keen insight into business conditions causing him to be generally recognized as a leader. In 1904 he sold his store, as he desired to give his undivided attention to his other interests. For a number of years he had been investing heavily in real estate and he it was who laid out the Syndicate Hill subdivision of Dayton, which is now recognized as the finest residence district of the city, and for a decade his entire time was given up to looking after his real estate interests, but in 1914 he became postmaster of Dayton by appointment of President Wilson. During the intervening three years he has held that position and has performed his duties in the same capable manner that he managed his private affairs.

Mr. Moritz was a stanch republican in his political views until 1896, but in that year he became convinced of the wisdom of the policies advocated by William Jennings Bryan and gave his support to the democratic party, with which he has since been identified. He has taken an active part in public affairs and many improvements in Dayton have been brought about largely through his indefatigable work in their behalf. Notable among these is his achievement in securing the paving of the business district in spite of much indifference and determined opposition. His interest in good roads has found further expression in the arterial highway law, a very significant piece of legislation, which is based upon a plan conceived by Mr. Moritz. When it became necessary to change the city charter in conformity with the state regulations he led the movement for a charter that would meet all the needs of Dayton and was largely instrumental in securing such an instrument. He has been one of the most active members in the Dayton Commercial Club since its organization and has had a large part in its effective and farreaching work for the city. Fraternally he belongs to Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. His position as one of the foremost residents of Dayton is secure and his personal friends are many.

T. F. DICE.

T. F. Dice, residing on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, holds title to a large amount of land but is renting the greater part of it and is thus enjoying comparative leisure. His birth occurred in Pennsylvania, February 15, 1859, a son of William and Susan (Redrick) Dice, whopassed their entire lives in the Keystone state. Five of their seven children are still living.

T. F. Dice grew to manhood in Pennsylvania and supplemented the education acquired in the public schools by attendance at Mercersburg college in Mercersburg. On leaving his native state he went to Savannah, Georgia, where he spent three years, and then in 1889 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, for the benefit of his health and here he purchased a farm on which he resided for three years. He next bought his present home place on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, and for many years personally operated the five hundred acres comprised in the farm. At the present time, however, he rents all the land but an eighty acre tract, which is in alfalfa and which he looks after himself.

In 1884 occurred the marriage of Mr. Dice and Miss E. A. Spangenberg. The latter was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of Frederick A. and Fanny Anna Spangenberg, both also born in Pennsylvania. The father, who successfully engaged in the practice of law for many years, is now deceased, but the mother survives. Mrs. Dice had exceptional musical training and her talents along that line have been a source of great pleasure to her family and friends. Mr. and Mrs. Dice have four children: William T., who lives in California; Lee R., who is teaching in the University of Montana; Frances E., the wife of the Rev. Robert M. Hood, now a resident of Idaho; and Carl E., a student of Mount Tamalpais Military Academy, San Rafael, California. During the years of his residence in Walla Walla county Mr. Dice has become widely and favorably known, his many excellent qualities gaining for him many warm friends.

W. H. BARNHART.

The field of opportunity finds its boundaries only in the limitations of the individual. When energy and ambition lie dormant the path of advancement seems closed, but to the man who believes that there is a chance for every individual and who is willing to take his chance with others, there always comes a time when he can take the initial step that will lead on to fortune. That Mr. Barnhart recognized the opportune moment is shown in the fact that he is now one of the leading business men of Starbuck, where he is widely known as the vice president and manager of the Sprout & Barnhart Mercantile Company and also as a member of the board of directors of the Bank of Starbuck. Iowa claims him as a native son, his birth having occurred in Wapello county on the 11th of October, 1871, his parents being Henry and Elizabeth (Johnson) Barnhart. The father was a native of Tennessee, while the mother's birth occurred in Ohio, and in Iowa their marriage was solemnized. They had accompanied their respective parents to the last mentioned state in childhood and were there reared. Mr. Barnhart turned his attention to farming and railroading, which he followed in Iowa until 1889, when he removed westward to Oregon and for a number of years was employed by the Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company in the capacity of engineer. He thus took part in the early development of railway operations in the west. He died in December, 1915, and is survived by his widow, who resides on a ranch near Spokane.

W. H. BARNHART

W. H. BARNHART

W. H. BARNHART

W. H. Barnhart, spending his youthful days under the parental roof, completed his education in the high school at Albia, Iowa, from which he was graduated with the class of 1889. The following year he came to Oregon and for a number of years successfully engaged in teaching school, imparting readily and clearly to others the knowledge that he had acquired. He also worked in a store at La Grande, Oregon, and subsequently he became a student in Armstrong's Business College at Portland. Later he took up railroading as an employe of the Oregon & Washington Railroad & Navigation Company and was employed by that corporation for thirteen years. During the last seven years of that period he ran an engine and in 1907 he resigned his position with the company and purchased an interest in the mercantile establishment of W. E. Sprout of Starbuck. The following year the company was reorganized and incorporated, with Mr. Barnhart as the vice president and manager of the business, and Mr. Sprout as the president. They have a spacious and well appointed store, carrying an extensive line of goods, and they always maintain the highest standards in the personnel of the house, in the stock carried and in the treatment accorded patrons. Their business has therefore gradually increased as the years have gone on and has become one of the profitable commercial interests of southeastern Washington.

In September, 1901, Mr. Barnhart was united in marriage to Miss Bessie A. Wright, of Starbuck, and they have become parents of two daughters, Grace M. and Blanche L. Mr. Barnhart is a loyal representative of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Tucanon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of which he is now worshipful master. He is also identified with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and has served as chief engineer in the order. In politics he is a stalwart republican and is now mayor of Starbuck. He had previously served for several years as a member of the town council and his fitness for further and more responsible public duties led to his election as chief executive. His wife and two daughters are members of the Episcopal church and Mr. Barnhart is serving on its board of trustees. His aid and influence are always given on the side of progress and improvement as related to the material upbuilding and also the social, intellectual and moral advancement of the community. Those who know him, and he has a wide acquaintance, esteem him as a man of genuine worth who well merits the success that has crowned his efforts since he started out in business life empty-handed.

IRA D. BRUNTON.

Among the native sons of Walla Walla county who have elected to continue residents thereof is Ira D. Brunton, who is engaged in farming on section 30, township 8 north, range 36 east. He was born in that township, May 11, 1876, and is a son of W. H. H. and Sarah A. (Lewis) Brunton, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work. He was reared upon the home farm, and his boyhood and youth were spent in the acquirement of a district school education and in helping his father. He further pursued his studies in Whitman College and at the old Empire Business College at Walla Walla, thus fitting himself for his later life.

After his marriage Mr. Brunton began farming for himself, operating a part of the homestead in partnership with his father, this relation being continued until his father's death, after which Mr. Brunton of this review and his brother Frank managed the entire estate of seven hundred acres for five years. At the end of that time Ira D. Brunton took over the operation of four hundred acres and his brother Garfield became responsible for the cultivation of the remaining three hundred acres. In 1903 our subject purchased one hundred and sixty acres adjoining the home farm and he now operates both places and also four hundred acres of rented land, or nine hundred and sixty acres in all. It is thus evident that his interests are extensive and make heavy demands upon his time and energies, but he is industrious, progressive and systematic in his work and his affairs are kept well in hand.

Mr. Brunton was married October 10, 1897, to Miss Bessie L. Ramseur, a daughter of David W. Ramseur, who removed to Walla Walla county from North Carolina in 1892. To Mr. and Mrs. Brunton have been born five children: Elsie M., the wife of Clyde Garland, of Walla Walla; and Reese R., Lucille B., and Miles and Melvin, twins, all of whom are at home.

Mr. Brunton's political views are in accord with the principles of the democratic party and he supports its candidates at the polls. In 1908 he was his party's nominee for sheriff and polled a large vote. Fraternally he is connected with Mountain Gem Lodge, No. 136, K. P., and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is held in high esteem as a citizen and as a man, and his success as a farmer entitles him to rank among the leaders in the agricultural development of the county.

JOSEPH CLARK FAIR.

Joseph Clark Fair, an independent grain buyer and one of Dayton's foremost business men and representative citizens, was born in Benton county, Arkansas, February 26, 1874, a son of Joseph A. and Martha Ann (Russell) Fair, the former born in Sullivan county, Tennessee, and the latter in Barry county, Missouri. The parents were taken by their respective parents to Benton county, Arkansas, and there grew to manhood and womanhood. They continued to reside there following their marriage, with the exception of four years spent in Texas, up to the time of the mother's death, which occurred in June, 1899. The father devoted his active life to farming but is now a resident of Centerton, Benton county, Arkansas, where he is living retired. He is a local Methodist minister and was often importuned to join the conference but refused, saying he knew he could make a living farming but did not know whether he could as a minister or not. His parents, Ellis and Nancy Hamilton (Easly) Fair, were representatives of old families of Tennessee. Mr. Fair was killed by Indians at the time of the Civil war. The parents of Mrs. Martha Ann (Russell) Fair were Elijah and Louisa (Bell) Russell, natives respectively of Missouri and Tennessee. Mr. Russell went to the California gold mines in 1849, crossing the plains with ox team, and returned to the east in 1852 by sailing vessel. At the time of the Civil war he was killed by bushwackers.

Joseph Clark Fair was reared at home, and in the acquirement of his education attended the common schools of Arkansas and the Elm Springs Academy, in Washington county, that state. For two terms he engaged in teaching in Benton county, Arkansas, but because of the low salary paid teachers gave up the profession. In 1898 he decided to try his fortune in the far west and located at Condon, Gilliam county, Oregon, where he was connected with lumber interests. He remained there for five years and during the last year helped to build the courthouse. During that time he acquired title to seven hundred and twenty acres of land, which he has since sold at a profit. In 1903 he became a resident of Dayton, Washington, where he has ever since remained, and he is well known throughout Columbia county as a grain-buyer. He is expert in judging wheat and keeps in the closest touch with the grain markets and has been very successful in his business affairs.

Mr. Fair was married in 1908 to Miss Nellie Virginia Gregg, who was born in Washington county, Arkansas, but at the time of her marriage was county superintendent of schools of Columbia county. To them was born one child, who, however, is deceased. Mr. Fair is a stanch democrat in politics and has served with ability as a member of the town council. He is well known in fraternal circles, belonging to Alki Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F., of which he is past grand; Franklin Encampment, No. 13, I. O. O. F., of which he is past chief patriarch; Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M., of which he is now worshipful master; and Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P., of which he is past chancellor. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Congregational church, and in his business dealings, as well as in the private relations of life, his conduct measures up to high moral standards. He feels that his decision to come to the west was one of the wisest that he has ever made and he is confident that a greater future is in store for this section.

CHARLES CLAGUE.

Charles Clague, a prosperous farmer residing on section 2, township 9 north, range 36 east, Walla Walla county, was born on the Isle of Man in March, 1860, a son of Richard and Isabella (Quirk) Clague, also natives of that island, where their entire lives were passed. Our subject's education was received in the public schools and he remained in his native country until he attained his majority but in 1881 came to the United States. For six months he worked in a grocery store in Olean, New York, after which he decided to see the west. There for a month he worked in Colorado and then continued his journey, arriving in San Francisco on Christmas day, 1881. He only remained in that city for two days, however, and then came to Walla Walla county, Washington. He took up a homestead two miles south of Prescott and for twenty years lived upon that place, which he operated successfully. He also purchased other land, becoming the owner of seven hundred and eighty acres. In 1902, in partnership with T. F. Dice, he bought five hundred acres of land and later they purchased the old Samuel Erwin home farm, where both have since resided. Mr. Clague has sold his homestead and the land adjoining and has also disposed of the equity of thefive hundred acre tract but retains his interest in the farm of eighty acres, where he and Mr. Dice reside. He also is the owner of fifty-two acres of irrigated land near Patterson, Stanislaus county, California. He has gained financial independence and, having disposed of the greater part of his holdings, is now enjoying a period of comparative leisure.

Mr. Clague is a progressive republican in politics and has always been most loyal to the interests of his adopted country. He belongs to the Presbyterian church and in its teachings are found the principles which guide his life. For thirty-six years he has resided in Walla Walla county and has done his part in bringing about the wonderful development that has taken place during that time. He has a wide acquaintance and a large number of warm personal friends.

FRANK W. PAINE.

Frank W. Paine is a capitalist of Walla Walla whose name is inseparably interwoven with the history of city and state. Coming to the west in pioneer times, he is familiar with every phase of frontier life and with the processes of development which have brought the state from pioneer conditions to its present stage of progress and prosperity. His individual labors have contributed much to the results achieved, and no account of Walla Walla's development would be complete without extended reference to him.

Mr. Paine was born August 31, 1839, in Mercer, Somerset county, Maine, and has therefore passed the seventy-eighth milestone on life's journey. His father, William Paine, was born in Hingham, Massachusetts, September 5, 1801, and died December 4, 1883, while the mother, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Wentworth Pike, was born in Somersworth, New Hampshire, December 29, 1804, and passed away February 14, 1872. Both parents were of English Puritan stock. Among the early representatives of the Paine family were men of title who belonged to the nobility of England, and in New England representatives of the name loyally served their country in the struggle for independence and as statesmen aided in formulating the policy of the commonwealth with which they were connected. In religious faith the parents of Frank W. Paine were Congregationalists. In political faith William Paine was first a whig and afterwards a republican, and by occupation he was a farmer. To him and his wife were born six children, who were reared more in the fear than in the love of God, but for their day they were on the firing line, both in good works and exemplary lives.

Frank W. Paine began his education in a little unpainted schoolhouse of one room, which stood at the forks of the road on Beech Hill, in the town of Mercer, Somerset county, Maine. He at first had the opportunity of attending school for about eight weeks in the summer and ten weeks in the winter season until he was ten or eleven years of age, when he no longer found it possible to continue his studies through the summer but was enabled to attend school through the winter until his eighteenth year. He then began teaching in the country districts through the winter months, while the summer was devoted to farm work. On leaving the schoolroom, however, he did not consider his education complete, for his strong desire for learning has led him to read and study systematically and he always has near him good books on history, literature, science and poetry. Such books have also constituted a part of his continuous reading and thus he has obviated his lack of early training and become a most well informed man. Moreover, in the various positions of public trust which he has filled he has always found it to be of the greatest assistance to resort to the most reliable authorities treating on the matters in hand and in these ways he has been able to accomplish something of what a liberal education might have done for him. He has many times so keenly felt his deficiency in the lack of school and college training that upon an analysis of his educational shortcomings he determined that his most serious lack was a fuller understanding of history, literature and Latin, and he has wherever possible urged young men to prepare along those lines.

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