his character, nominated for president against Madison,58;breaks relations with Van Buren,63,64;removed from mayoralty of New York,64;secures passage of law establishing Erie Canal,65;supported in this by Van Buren,65;thanks Van Buren,66;elected governor,66;reëlected in 1820,73;accuses Monroe's administration of interfering in state election,75;supports Jackson,109,156;complimented by Jackson,109;his position in New York politics as canal commissioner,109;removed by enemies in legislature,110;regains popularity, elected governor,110;his death, his character,147;eulogy of Van Buren upon,148.Clinton, George, his separatist attitude toward Constitution,5;leads Republican party in New York,40;his career as governor of New York,40;declines nomination in 1795,41;reëlected in 1801,41;later aspirations,41;supplants Burr in vice-presidency,43;attacked by Van Ness,43;leads faction of Republicans,44;his friends excluded by Hamilton from federal offices,46;presides over council of appointment of 1801,48,49;protests against proscription of Federalists,50.Clintonians, faction of New York Democrats,40,41;quarrel with Livingstonians,44;control regular party caucus,45;gain control of council of appointment,45;remove Livingstonians from office,51;lose and regain offices,52;nominate and cast New York electoral vote for De Witt Clinton,58;favor Erie Canal,65;opposed by Bucktail faction,67;joined by majority of Federalists,73;defeated in election of 1820,73;oppose election of Van Buren to Senate,76;join Bucktails in Democratic party,158.Cobb, Thomas W., laments absence of principles in campaign of 1824,108.Coddington, ——, refusal of Van Buren to appoint to office,173.Coleman, William, friend of Hamilton, removed from office by Republicans,50.Comet case, urged by Van Buren in England,229.Compromise of 1850, its effect on Northern Democrats,435;its futility,435;defended by John Van Buren,439,440.Constitution, federal, circumstances preceding its formation,4;its development by Federalists,4,5;and internal improvements,96,132,201;proposal of Van Buren to amend in this respect,97,98;and protection,101;proposal of Van Buren to amend in election of president by electors,104-106,133,134;attitude of Adams concerning, causes division of parties,121,122;in relation to Panama congress,126;the bank,145,203;distribution of surplus,265;its relation to slavery in the States,272;to slavery in Territories,426,444;in Dred Scott case,441.Constitutional convention of New York, its membership,77;its work,77;debate on necessity of a landed suffrage,77-80;on appointments to office,81,82;abolishes council of revision,82,84;removes judges from office,85.Crawford, William H., supported by New York Republicans against Monroe in 1816,75;the "regular" candidate of party in 1824,94,95;supported by Van Buren,95;opposes tariff of 1824,103;his caucus nomination denounced by King,105;reasons for his popularity, his career,106,107;nominated by caucus,114;his connection with four-year-term act,139;leaves public life,157;his followers join Jackson's,157;visited by Van Buren,157;willing to support Jackson, but not Calhoun,157;supports Jackson against Calhoun in Monroe's cabinet,185;describes Calhoun's attitude to Jackson,186.Crockett, Davy, his scurrilous life of Van Buren,256;his defense of the Alamo,358.Croswell, Edwin, member of Albany Regency,111.Cumberland road, Monroe's veto of bill to erect toll-gates upon,95;further debates upon,96,132.Cushing, Caleb, denounces Van Buren'spolicy in 1837,336.Dade, Major Francis, massacred by Seminoles,366.Dallas, George M., nominated for vice-president,411.Debt, imprisonment for, attempts to abolish,26,27,98,116,142.Democratic party, its relations with Van Buren,2;in recent years loses Jeffersonian ideals,12;share of Van Buren in forming,118,119;its opposition to Adams justifiable,119;caused by Adams's loose constitutional policy,121,122;its policy not factious,123;created in debate on Panama congress,130,131;drilled by Van Buren in opposing internal improvements,131,132,142;its principles stated by Van Buren,145,153;does not yet clearly hold them,154;united by Jackson's personality,155;different elements in, harmonized by Van Buren,157;its opposition to Adams and Clay not causeless, but praiseworthy,159-161;significance of its victory,162;erroneous descriptions of its administration,177,178;discussion in, over succession to Jackson,185;break in, between Calhoun and Van Buren,191;Van Buren's resignation from State Department in order not to hurt,195;demands offices,208-212;enraged at rejection of Van Buren's nomination,234;rejects desire of New York to elect him governor,236;meets in national convention of 1832,237;not forced to adopt Van Buren,237,238;requires two-thirds majority to nominate,238;nominates Van Buren for vice-presidency,239;avoids adopting a platform,239;fears to alienate believers in tariff and internal improvements,240;Van Buren's nomination the natural result of circumstances,240,241;successful in election of 1832,247,248;secession of Southwestern members from,256,257;holds its national convention in 1835,257;action of party in calling convention defended,258,259;adopts two-thirds rule,259;nominates Van Buren and Rives,259;Southwestern members of, nominate White and Tyler,260;elects Van Buren,279,280;members of, urge Jackson to approve distribution bill,302;upholds specie circular during panic,322,323;defeated in elections of 1837,337,342;members of, desert independent treasury bill,338;rejoined by Calhoun,340,341;faction of, joins Whigs in opposing Van Buren,347;regains ground in election of 1838,362,363;its national convention despondent,379;its principles,379;declares against abolitionists,379;its address to the people,379,380;cried down in election of 1840,386;badly defeated in 1840,390,391;significance of defeat,399;bound to continue support of Van Buren,399,401;its nomination desired by Tyler,402;its delegates to national convention instructed to nominate Van Buren,404;majority of, desires annexation of Texas,405;national convention of,408-411;debate in, between Southern and Northern members,408,409;adopts two-thirds rule,409;nominates Polk over Van Buren,410,411;successful in election,412,413;compliments Van Buren on honorable retirement,414;at national convention of 1848 wishes to include both New York factions,424;nominates Cass,424;its rage at Free-soil secession,429,430;defeated in election,432;impossibility of its pardoning Van Buren,434;nominates Pierce,439;nominates Buchanan,441.Democratic party, in New York, supports Jackson,158;nominates and elects Van Buren governor,166;sends address to Jackson on Van Buren's rejection by Senate as minister to England,234;proposes to elect Van Buren governor or send him to Senate,236;Loco-foco faction in,342-344;on reconciliation with Loco-focos, name transferred to whole party,344,345;offers Forrest nomination to Congress,361;favors literary men,361,362;loses ground in elections of 1838,363;welcomes Van Buren's visit,369;continues, in 1839, to regain ground,370;its action in convention of 1844,408-411;held in support of Polk by Van Buren and Wright,412,413;divides into Hunkers and Barnburners,415-425;reunited in 1849-1850,435.Denny, Thomas, with Henry Parrish and others, on committee of New York merchants to remonstrate against specie circular,317.Derby, Earl of, compared as parliamentarian to Van Buren,123.De Tocqueville, Alexis de, on lawyers in America,35.Dickerson, Mahlon, condemns too much diplomacy,129;votes against Panama congress,131;supports tariff of 1828,143;secretary of navy under Van Buren,283;resigns,360.Dickinson, Daniel S., at Democratic Convention of 1844,408,411;leads Hunkers,415;uses federal patronage against Barnburners,417;suggests idea of squatter sovereignty,422;supports compromise of 1850,437.Diplomatic history, conduct of State Department by Van Buren,215;negotiations leading to payment of French spoliation claims,216;payment of Danish spoliation claims,217;other commercial treaties,217;negotiations relative to British West India trade,217-222;Gallatin's mission to England,219;American claims abandoned by Van Buren,220;mutual concessions open trade,222;Van Buren's mission to England,224-228;rejection of Texas treaty,413.Disraeli, Benjamin, his Jingo policy compared to Clay's and Adams's,126.District of Columbia, question of abolition of slavery in, raised,272,273;general understanding that this was impossible,273,274;opinion of Van Buren concerning,274,275.Dix, John A., his desire to be one of Albany Regency,112;at Democratic convention of 1840,379;leads Barnburners,415;praised by Utica convention of 1847,423;accepts Free-soil nomination for governor,429;his friendship for Van Buren,456.Dix, Dr. Morgan, describes honesty of Albany Regency,112.Dodge, Henry, nominated by Barnburners for vice-presidency,427;declines to abandon Cass,427.Douglas, Stephen A., supports compromise of 1850,437.Dudley, Charles E., member of Albany Regency,111;offers to surrender seat in Senate to Van Buren,236.Duer, John, refusal of Van Buren to secure his removal from office,209.Duer, William, joins Bucktail Republicans,73.Durham, Earl of, sent to Canada, his character,355;his successful rule,355;recalled,356;declines invitation to visit Washington,356.Dutch, in New York, Americanized in eighteenth century,14.Eaton, John H., supports tariff of 1828,143;secretary of war,179;marries Peggy Timberlake,181;repeats remarks about Calhoun to Jackson,186;resigns secretaryship,199;succeeds Barry as minister to Spain,199;opposes Van Buren in 1840,387.Eaton, Mrs. "Peggy," scandals concerning,181;upheld by Jackson,181,182;ostracized by Washington society,182;treated politely by Van Buren,183,184.Eden, Joseph, in suit for Medcef Eden's property,28.Eden, Medcef, suit concerning his will,28-30.Edmonds, John W., issues circular opposing Texas but supporting Polk,415.Election of 1824, nominations for, discussed in Senate,105;candidates for,106-109;lack of principles in,108;nomination of Crawford by caucus,114;action of Adams men in New York throws out Clay,115;discussion of outcome of vote in House,116;its result used in 1828 to condemn Adams,164.Election of 1828, a legitimate canvass,153;broad principles at stake in,153,154;propriety of opposition to Adams and Clay,159,160;founds principles of both parties until present day,161;saves country from dangers of centralization,162;slanderous character of,162,163;the cry of corrupt bargain,163;the "demos krateo" cry legitimate,165,166.Ellmaker, Amos, nominated for vice-president by anti-Masons,246.Ely, Rev. Dr. Ezra S., bitter letter of Jackson to, on clergy,181.Emmett, Thomas Addis, attorney-general of New York,23.England, lawyers not leaders in,33;political prejudice in, against lawyers,33;demands land-holding class as leaders,34;considers offices as property,55;unpopularity of political coalitions in,116,164;attempts to exclude Americans from trade with West Indies,217,218;offers trade upon conditions,218;on failure of United States to comply, prohibits trade,218;counter-claims of United States against,219;claims against, abandoned by Van Buren,219,222;agrees to reciprocal concessions,222;Van Buren minister to,224;popularity of Irving in,225;social life of Van Buren in,226-228;its indifference to colonial grievances,350;votes to tax Canada without reference to colonial legislatures,351;sends Durham to remedy grievances,356;recalls him,356;second money stringency in,371.Erie Canal, agitation for,65;favored by Van Buren,65,66.Federalist party, its influence on development of United States government,5;despises common people,38;only example of a destroyed party,38;deserves its fate,38,39;continues to struggle in New York,39;aids Burr against Republicans,43;supports Lewis against Clintonians,44;begins spoils system in New York,47;aids Livingstonians to turn out Clintonian officers,51,52;supports De Witt Clinton for president,59;controls New York Assembly,60;hinders war measures,61;struggles for control of New York legislature in 1816,64;defeated in elections,65;expires in 1820,72,88;divides between Clintonians and Bucktails,73;position under Monroe,89;its career used by Van Buren to discredit J. Q. Adams,128,145,146.Fellows, Henry, his election case in 1816,64.Fillmore, Millard, signs compromise bills,435,437;Whig candidate in 1856,445;an accidental president,463.Field, David Dudley, issues circular against Texas but supporting Polk,415;offers anti-slavery resolution in New York Democratic convention,418;reads Van Buren's letter to Utica convention,425.Financial history, removal of deposits from the bank,249-251;exaggerated results of the withdrawal,252-254;real unwisdom of "pet bank" policy,254;causes of panic of 1837,287-316;financial depression after war of 1812,287,288;land speculations,291-294;large foreign investments,293;discussion of "pet bank" policy,295;not in any sense the cause of the panic,295,296;rapid increase of government surplus,297;question of responsibility for speculation among politicians,298-302;refusal to reduce taxation,299;distribution of surplus,300-302;objections of Jackson to distribution,301,302;warnings of Marcy and Jackson disregarded,302,303;specie circular,304;demand for gold payments,304,305;nature of crisis of 1837 misunderstood,305;class affected by it small in numbers,306;great mass of people unaffected,307;over-estimation of new lands,308,309;increased luxury,309,310;high prices,310,311;discovery of over-valuation,311,312;collapse of nominal value,313;folly of attempt to conceal collapse,314;bread riots against high prices,315;disturbance caused by distribution of surplus,315,316;financial crisis begins in England,316;failures begin in New York,316;general collapse,317;specie circular held to be the cause,317-319;suspension of specie payments,319,320;general bankruptcy,320;use of token currency,323;Van Buren's message recommending independent treasury,327-333;proposed remedies of Whigs,333-337;defeat of first sub-treasury bill,337;postponement of fourth installment of surplus,338;