issue of treasury notes,338,339;beneficent results of these measures,339,340;preparations for resumption of specie payment,342;defeat of second independent treasury bill,346;practical existence of an independent treasury,346;final passage of sub-treasury bill,347,348;revival of business,348;resumption of payments by New York banks,348,349;others follow,349;return of confidence,349;continued depression in South,370;brief revival of land speculation,371;renewed collapse of Western and Southern banks,371;final passage of sub-treasury bill,377.Findlay, William, votes against Panama congress,131.Flagg, Azariah C., member of Albany Regency,111;leads Barnburners,415;his friendship for Van Buren,456.Florida, acquired in 1819,88;vote of Van Buren to exclude slave trade in,93,94.Floyd, John, receives South Carolina's electoral vote in 1832,248.Forman, Joshua, proposes safety fund for New York banks,170.Forrest, Edwin, declines a nomination to Congress,361.Forsyth, John, quotes Crawford's account of Calhoun's proposal in Monroe's cabinet to punish Jackson,185;refers Jackson to Crawford as authority,186;secretary of state,255;retained by Van Buren,283.Fox, Charles James, compared to W. B. Giles,154.France, urged by Jackson, agrees to pay spoliation claims,216.Franklin, Benjamin, his share in effort for Union,4.Free-soil party, loses faith in Van Buren,3;organized at Buffalo convention,427;its platform,428;nominates Van Buren over Hale,428;analysis of its vote in 1848,431,432;later relations of Van Buren with,435;supports Hale in 1852,439.Fremont, John C., Van Buren's opinion of,441;defeated in election,445."Gag" rule, approved by Van Buren,380;his policy justified by executive position,381.Gallatin, Albert, nominated for vice-president, withdraws,114;fails to settle West India trade question with England,219;agrees with Van Buren's position,231.Garland, Hugh A., as clerk of the House refuses to decide status of New Jersey congressmen,375;justification of his action,375,376;denounced by Adams,376;reëlected clerk,376.Garrison, William Lloyd, on powers of Congress over slavery,272;his position in American history,273.Georgia, nominates Van Buren for vice-presidency,108;"Clarkite" faction in, abuses Van Buren,108;its conduct in Cherokee case rightly upheld by Jackson,203,204.Giddings, Joshua R., anti-slavery leader,273;at Buffalo convention,427.Giles, William B., his character,154.Gilpin, Henry D., attorney-general under Van Buren,393.Gladstone, William Ewart, his shrewdness as parliamentarian,123;compared to Van Buren,158andn.,457;fails to see any principle involved in Canadian question of 1837,351,352."Globe," defends Jackson,191;not established by Van Buren,194;supports hard money, loses House printing,338.Goschen, George Joachim, his career shows danger of coalitions,164.Gouverneur, ——, postmaster in New York city, refuses to forward anti-slavery papers to Charleston, South Carolina,276.Granger, Francis, supported for governor of New York by Whigs and Anti-Masons,245;nominated for vice-president,260.Grant, Ulysses S., his renomination in 1872,118.Greeley, Horace, prefers Taylor to Van Buren in 1848,431.Green, Duff, editor of "The Telegraph," plans attack of Calhoun papers on Van Buren,191.Grosvenor, Thomas P., member of Columbia County bar,20.Grundy, Felix, attorney-general under Van Buren,393.Gwin, Samuel, letter of Van Buren to, on slavery in the States,272.Hale, Daniel, removed from office by New York Republicans,50.Hale, John P., defeated for nomination at Buffalo convention,428;withdraws from Liberty nomination,431;Free-soil candidate in 1852,439.Hamilton, Alexander, his aristocratic schemes defeated in Federal convention,5;his opinion in Medcef Eden case,28;killed by Burr,29;advises Federalists not to support Burr for governor,43;secures appointment of Clinton's opponents to federal offices in New York,46;compared as party-builder to Van Buren,465.Hamilton, James A., joins "Bucktails" in New York,73;acts as temporary secretary of state,177;on Calhoun's attempt to prevent Van Buren's appointment,181;visits Crawford in 1828,185;receives letter from Forsyth describing Calhoun's attitude toward Jackson in Monroe's cabinet,185;refuses to give letter to Jackson,186;letter of Van Buren to, on Jackson's principles,200;aids Jackson in composing messages,205;on Jackson's demand for subservience in associates,206;letter of Van Buren to, on removals,209.Hamilton, John C., joins Bucktail Republicans,73.Hamlin, Hannibal, at Democratic convention of 1840,379.Hammond, Jabez D., quoted,65,68,78,168;on Van Buren's trickery,175.Harrison, William Henry, nominated by Whigs in 1832,260;his answers to Williams's questions,264;vote for, in election,279,280;renominated for president,377;denounced as a Federalist by Democrats,379;denies charge of abolitionism,381,382;opposes abolition in District of Columbia,381;character of his speeches in the campaign,386;vote for, in 1840,390,391;welcomed to White House by Van Buren,394;his death,401;one of the mediocrities of White House,463.Harvard College, confers on Jackson degree of Doctor of Laws,255.Hayne, Robert Y., on "era of good feeling,"88;against tariff of 1824,99,100;his arguments,101,102;votes to reject Clay's nomination to State Department,123;on Clay's Panama scheme,127;protests against tariff of 1828,144;a leader of Senate until 1828,148;his debate with Webster,188;opposes confirmation of Van Buren as minister to England,230.Head, Sir Francis B., on Mackenzie as a liar,326 n.;as governor, refuses to placate disaffected Canadians,352,353;leaves Canada,355.Henry, John V., New York Federalist, removed from office by Republicans,50.Henry, Matthew, on "sober second thought of people,"458 n.Henry, Patrick, his separatist attitude,5.Hill, Isaac, in kitchen cabinet,193;letter of Lewis to, proposing a national convention,237.Hoes, Hannah, marries Van Buren,21;her death,36.Holmes, John, votes against Panama congress,131.House of Representatives, defeats independent treasury bill,337,338;rejects renewal of a bank,340;defeats second treasury bill,346;finally passes it,348;struggle for control of, in 1839,374-377;case of the five New Jersey congressmen,374,375;refusal of clerk to call names of contestants,374,375;organization of, by Adams and Rhett,376,377.Houston, Samuel, defeats Mexicans,358.Hoxie, Joe, in campaign of 1840,390.Hoyt, Jesse, letter of Butler to, on Van Buren,31;letter of Butler to, on judicial arrogance,84;letters of Van Buren to, on appointments to state office,173,174;on Jackson,190;on necessity of a newspaper organ,192;writes insolent letter, urging Van Buren to dismiss office-holders,210;succeeds Swartwout as collector at New York,364;his character,364,365;his election bets,453 n.Hoyt, Lorenzo, complains of Van Buren's slowness to remove opponents from office,209.Hunkers, origin of, their leaders,415;struggle with Barnburners in New York,417;aided by Polk,417;gain control of party,418.Hunter, Robert M. T., elected speaker of House in 1839,376;his later career,376.Ingham, Samuel D., secretary of treasury,179;describes rush of office-seekers,210.Inman, Henry, his portrait of Van Buren,449.Internal improvements, debates on, in Senate,95-98,117,142;opposition becomes part of Democratic policy,98;advocated by Adams,121;bill for, vetoed by Jackson,201,202;not mentioned by Democrats in platform of 1832,240;demand for, caused by expansion of West,290.Irving, Washington, appointed secretary of legation at London by Van Buren,224;his popularity in England,225;wishes to resign, but remains with Van Buren,225;his friendship for Van Buren,225;travels through England with Van Buren,226;on Van Buren's career in London,228;declines offers of Democratic nominations,361;declines offer of Navy Department,361,362;lives at Kinderhook,398.Jackson, Andrew, Van Buren a representative of, in 1860,2;his connection with Burr,18;on "rotation in office,"54;his victory at New Orleans,63;thanked by New York legislature,63;urges Monroe to appoint Federalists to office,89;elected to Senate,94;relations with Benton,94;his attitude on internal improvements,98;on the tariff,104;does not vote on proposed amendment of electoral procedure,106;votes for internal improvements,117;votes for occupation of Oregon,117;his popularity utilized by Van Buren to form a party,118;retires from Senate,119;slowness of Van Buren to support,119;votes to reject Clay's nomination to State Department,123;aids his own candidacy,131;defends Van Buren from charge of non-committalism,151;his congressional record inconsistent with nominal Jacksonian creed,155;his career as strict constructionist,155;not a mere tool, but a real party manager,155,156;and a real national statesman,156;management of his candidacy in New York,158;slandered in campaign of 1828,162,163;offers Van Buren State Department,167;opposed by Anti-Masons,167;erroneous popular view of his first term,177,178;its real significance,178;his cabinet, reasons for appointments,179;unmoved by Calhoun's objections to Van Buren's appointment,180,181;anger at Mrs. Eaton's defamers,181,182;quarrels with wives of cabinet secretaries,182;his condemnation by Calhoun in Monroe's cabinet for Seminole affair,185;ignorant of Calhoun's attitude,185;told by Lewis and Crawford,186;demands an explanation from Calhoun,186;his reply to Calhoun,187;sends Calhoun's letter to Van Buren,187;his toast for the Union,188;declares for Van Buren as his successor,189,190;friendly feelings of Van Buren for,190;attack upon, prepared by Green,191;absurdity of story of his control by kitchen cabinet,193;accepts Van Buren's resignation and approves his candidacy,197;his answer to invitation to visit Charleston,198;appoints Livingston secretary of state,199;reorganizes cabinet,199,200;doubts of Van Buren as to his Jeffersonian creed,200;his inaugural colorless,201;vetoes Maysville road, his arguments,201,202;begins opposition to bank,202,203;defends removal of Cherokees from Georgia,203;refuses to follow Supreme Court,203;begins to doubt wisdom of high tariff,204,205;gains much development of ideas from Van Buren and others,205,206;not jealous of Van Buren's ability,206;adopts Van Buren's theories,206;not largely influenced by kitchen cabinet,207;angered at opposition in government officials,212;defends system of removals from office,213;his action less blameworthy than Lincoln's,215;urges France to pay spoliation claims,216;boasts of his success,216,217;adopts peaceful tone toward England,219;his connection with West India trade,222;escorts Van Buren from Washington,224;complimented by William IV.,229,230;sends Van Buren's nomination to Senate,230;replying to New York Democrats, justifies Van Buren,235;does not desire, by national convention, to throttle the party,238;his policy renders a party platform unnecessary,240;significance of his election,247;issues nullification proclamation,248;adopts strict constructionist views,249;orders removal of deposits from Bank of United States,249,250;refuses to postpone,251;fears to leave deposits in bank,252;considers distress fictitious,253;cordial relations with Van Buren as vice-president,254;his journey in New England,255;denounced by friends of White for preferring Van Buren,256;urges Tennessee to support Van Buren,262;attacked by Clay,263;signs bill to distribute surplus,266;condemns circulation of abolitionist matter in the mails,276;with Van Buren at inauguration,282;the last president to leave office with popularity,282;his departure from Washington,283;tribute of Van Buren to, in inaugural address,285;rejoices in high wages,290;and in sales of public lands,294;finally understands it to mean speculation,294,303;aids speculation by his pet banks,295;reluctantly approves distribution of surplus,301;issues specie circular,304;his prudent attitude as president toward Texas,358;urges claims upon Mexico,359;dealings with Van Buren regarding Swartwout's appointment,364;writes letter supporting Van Buren in 1840,387;character of life in White House under,395;visited by Van Buren in 1842,400;writes letter in favor of Texas annexation,404;tries to minimize Van Buren's attitude on Texas,407,408;his death weakens Van Buren politically,416;query of Van Buren concerning his family prayers,453;his firm affection for Van Buren,454,455;inferior to Van Buren in statesmanship,463.Jay, John, leader of New York Federalists,39;removals from office under,47;controversy with council over appointments,49.Jefferson, Joseph, his play of "Rip Van Winkle,"7.Jefferson, Thomas, Van Buren's discipleship of,2,3,12;popular feeling at time of his election,4;creates American politics,5,6;ill-treated by historians,6,10;implants democracy in American tradition,6,7,9;bitterly hated by opponents,9,10;his position as Sage of Monticello,12,13;member of land-holding class,33;policy toward Europe opposed by Federalists,39;relations with Livingston family,41;refuses to proscribe Federalist office-holders,48;his attitude toward slavery,91;condemns constitutional doctrines of J. Q. Adams,154;retains popularity to end of term,282;sends Van Buren a sketch of his relations with Hamilton,460;his policy steadily followed by Van Buren,460;one of greatest presidents,464;compared as party-builder to Van Buren,465.Jessup, General Thomas S., seizes Osceola,366.Johns, Rev. Dr., at Democratic convention of 1844,408.Johnson, Richard M., leads agitation for abolition of imprisonment for debt by federal courts,27,142;on interest of Holy Alliance in United States,100;votes for Panama congress,131;candidate for vice-presidency,239;nominated for vice-presidency in 1835,259;refusal of Virginia to support,260;chosen vice-president by Senate,281.Johnston, Josiah S., votes for Panama congress,131.Jones, Samuel, in Medcef Eden case,30.Kane, Elias K., votes against Panama congress,131;supports tariff of 1828,143.Kansas-Nebraska bill, passed, its effect,440,441;Van Buren's opinion of,442-444.Kendall, Amos, helps Blair to establish Jacksonian paper,191;in kitchen cabinet,193;on Van Buren's non-connection with the "Globe,"194;postmaster-general,199;on good terms with Van Buren,207;describes regret at dismissing old government officials,208,209;defends propriety of removals under Jackson,211;letter of Lewis to, on a national convention,237;describes how he convinced Van Buren on bank question,250;asks state banks to accept deposits,250;willing to postpone action,251;his avowed moderation as to appointments to office,261,262;his letter on abolition matter in the mails,275,276;continues in office under Van Buren,283;resigns from Van Buren's cabinet, his reasons,393,394.Kent, James, his legal fame,19;dislike of Van Buren for,25;his decision in debtors' case reversed,26;attacked by Van Buren in Medcef Eden case,30;his political partisanship,44;in New York constitutional convention,77;opposes vigorously proposal to broaden suffrage,77,78;