a tie vote in, arranged to force Van Buren to vote,277;passes sub-treasury bill,337;votes against a bank,340;debate in, on second sub-treasury bill,346;resolves to recognize Texas,358.Sergeant, John, nominated for vice-president,246.Seward, William H., his position in Senate compared with Van Buren's,118-123;connected with Anti-Masonic party,167,245;approves distribution of surplus,301;elected governor of New York,363;publicly refuses to accept invitation to reception to Van Buren in New York,369;prefers Taylor to Van Buren,431;wishes to defy South,437.Seymour, Horatio, member of Albany Regency,112.Singleton, Miss, marries Van Buren's son,395.Skinner, Roger, member of Albany Regency,111.Slavery, not a political issue in 1821,91;mild popular attitude towards,91,92;attitude of abolitionists towards,270;attacked by Van Buren's supporter, Leggett,271;debated in connection with Texas,359;not in general politics,359,403;enters politics with Texas question,403,414;impossibility of attempts to exclude from politics,422,423.Smith, Gerrit, on Van Buren's nomination,428.Smith, Samuel, votes for Panama congress,131.South, attitude towards slavery,91;opposes tariff of 1828,143;condemns abolitionist petitions,271;accuses Van Buren of abolitionism,271,272;prohibits circulation of abolition literature,275;upheld by Kendall,275;justified in its action,277;large defection from Van Buren in,278,279;distrusts Van Buren in 1840,380,387,403;Van Buren charged with subserviency toward,403;desires to annex Texas,404;wins victory in defeating Van Buren's nomination,410;effect of slavery upon,423;considered a bully by Seward and Benton,437;attitude of "doughfaces" toward, justified by events,437,438;secures Kansas-Nebraska bill,440;continues to loathe Van Buren,444.South Carolina, votes for Floyd in 1832,248;supports White in 1836,260.Southwick, Solomon, Anti-Masonic candidate in New York,166.Spain, Panama congress a defiance of,124.Spencer, Ambrose, attorney-general of New York,23;member of Clintonian faction,44;in council of appointment of 1801, represents Livingstonians,48;introduces spoils system,49,50;promoted to higher offices,51;in New York constitutional convention,77;his judicial pride described by Butler,84.Spencer, John G., Clintonian candidate for Senate in 1819,69;appointed by Van Buren to prosecute Morgan murderers,174;reasons for his appointment,175;nominated for election by Anti-Masons,246.Spoils system, established in New York,46;attitude of Washington towards,46;its origin in struggles of Hamilton and Clinton,46,47;beginnings of removals for political reasons,47;attitude of Jefferson toward,48;established in 1801 by De Witt Clinton,48-50;developed in years 1807-1813,51,52;becomes part of unwritten law,52,53;not to be wholly condemned at this time,54;valuable in destroying English idea of property in office,55;does not damage public service at first,56,57;popular with voters,56,57,214;share of Van Buren in,57,58;defense of, by Thurlow Weed,67,68;Van Buren not responsible for its introduction into federal politics,207;demand for, by Jacksonian office-seekers,208-211;does not secure a clean sweep under Jackson,211,212;justification of removals under,212,213;policy of, defended by Jackson,213;much worse under Lincoln,215;used as reproach against Van Buren,232;advocated by Marcy,232;denounced by Whigs,246;defense of, by Kendall, in 1836,261,262;does not damage Van Buren in 1840,387;Polk's use of, against Van Buren, legitimate,420.Squatter sovereignty, proclaimed by Dickinson and Cass,422.Stevens, Thaddeus, ignores slavery in organizing Territories in 1861,438.Stevenson, Andrew, defends system of national conventions in 1835,258.Story, Joseph, legal fame of,19;on Van Buren's hospitality,395.Suffrage, basis of, debate on, in New York constitutional convention,77-80.Sumner, Charles, his leadership in Senate compared with Van Buren's,118;position as anti-slavery leader,273;supports Van Buren in 1848,432;in 1861, abandons Wilmot Proviso,438.Supreme Court, jealous attitude of Van Buren toward,134-137;Jackson's refusal to support, in Cherokee case, justified,203,204;its opinion in Dred Scott case,440,441.Swartwout, Colonel John, his duel with De Witt Clinton,51.Swartwout, Samuel, his letter to Hoyt describes craze for office under Jackson,208;his career as collector of customs,208;his defalcation while collector of New York discovered,364.Sylvester, Francis, studies of Van Buren in his office,16;defeated by Van Buren in lawsuit,17;a Federalist in politics,43.Talcott, Samuel A., attorney-general of New York,23;in Eden will case,30;member of Albany Regency,101.Talleyrand, Marquis de, his position in 1832,227;compared by Chevalier to Van Buren,451.Tallmadge, Nathaniel P., denounces Van Buren's financial policy,347.Tammany Society, nucleus of Bucktail faction,67;offers Irving nomination for mayor,361.Taney, Roger B., attorney-general,199;transferred to Treasury Department,255;his decision in Dred Scott case reviewed by Van Buren,446,447.Tappan, Lewis, on powers of Congress over slavery,272.Tariff, of 1824, called "American System,"99;how passed,99;aided by fear of Holy Alliance,99,100;arguments against,100,101;not a party question,103,104;of 1828, called a "tariff of abomination,"142;its character, sectional vote for,143,144;Jackson's views on,204,205;discussion of, in 1842,240;not mentioned in Democratic platform,240;not an issue in 1832,247.Taylor, John W., opposed by Bucktail congressmen as a supporter of Clinton,76.Taylor, Zachary, refusal of Van Buren to support,426;nominated by Whigs,430;sounded by Free-soilers,430;preferred by anti-slavery Whigs to Van Buren,431;elected in 1848,431;one of the mediocrities of the White House,463.Tazewell, Littleton W., suggested by Calhoun for State Department,180."Telegraph," its attack on Jackson,191.Tennessee, appealed to by Jackson in behalf of Van Buren,262;presents Polk as candidate for vice-presidency,412.Texas, its war of independence,358;recognition refused by Van Buren,358;offers annexation and is refused,358;opposition to, raises slavery question,359;refuge of bankrupts,370;annexation of, favored by Tyler,402;becomes a party question before Democratic convention in 1844,404,409;admitted to Union in 1845,413.Thompson, Smith, Republican and Livingstonian leader in New York,42;both politician and judge,44;defeated by Van Buren for governor of New York,166.Tilden, Samuel J., inherits political ideas from Jefferson through Van Buren,12;member of Albany Regency,112;error of Democrats in discarding in 1880,412;leader of Barnburners,416;one of authors of Barnburner address of 1848,424;writes address calling Utica Convention,425.Tillotson, Thomas, brother-in-law of R. R. Livingston, secretary of state in New York,49;removed from office by Clintonians,51.Timberlake, ——, first husband of Mrs. Eaton, commits suicide,181.Tompkins, Daniel D., as judge, continues party politician,44;nominated for governor and elected by Clintonians,45;supports Madison in 1814,60;reëlected governor,60;removes De Witt Clinton from mayoralty of New York,64;resigns governorship to be vice-president,66;his pecuniary difficulties with State,68;defended by Van Buren in Senate,68;reëlected vice-president,72;defeated for governor in 1820,73;candidacy for president in 1816,74;inferior in prestige to Van Buren in 1821,76;in New York constitutional convention,77;comments of Van Buren on,173.Tyler, John, nominated for vice-president in 1832,260;nominated for vice-president by Whigs,377;succeeds Harrison, his character,402;his career,402;his Texas treaty rejected,413;an accidental president,463.United States, political character of, formed by Jefferson,5,6;becomes Democratic,7-9;gains individuality,7;its vulgarity and crudeness,10;not understood by foreigners,10,11;its real development into national strength,14,17;prominence of lawyers in,32,33,35;early political importance of land-holding class,33,34;later position of wealth in,34;favors rotation in office as democratic,57;prosperity of, in 1821,88;believes itself happy,89;unpopularity of coalitions in,116,164;considers panic of 1837 due to Jackson,287;suffers from depression after war of 1812,287;enjoys economic prosperity until Jackson's administration,288;optimism of,288;expansion of population,288,289;land speculation in,289-294;enthusiasm over public works,290;people of, homogeneous and optimistic,290-292;luxury in, during speculative era,309,310;depression in, during 1839,377.University of the State of New York, connection of Van Buren with,65.Van Alen, James J., law partner of Van Buren,18;succeeded by him as surrogate,22;elected to Congress as Federalist,43.Van Buren, Abraham, his farm,14;keeps a tavern,15.Van Buren, Abraham, serves as his father's secretary,395;marries Miss Singleton,395.Van Buren, John, his appearance,1;relations with his father in 1860,1,2;his political attitude,2;accompanies his father to England,224;leads Barnburners,415;at Herkimer convention,419;at Utica convention of 1847,423;in part, author of Barnburner address,424;at Utica convention of 1848,425;continues rigidly anti-slavery until 1850,435;justifies submission to compromise of 1850,439;his election bets,453 n.Van Buren, Lawrence, joins bolting Barnburners,419.Van Buren, Martin, relations with his son in old age,1;appearance,1;his political position in 1860,2,3;resemblance to Jefferson,3;lack of friends in later life,3;type of early statesmen of republic,4;influenced by Jefferson's ideals,12;ancestry,14,15;birth and early schooling,15,16.Legal Career.Enters law office,16;his education,16;becomes successful lawyer,17;enters office of Van Ness in New York,17;intercourse with Burr,17,18;practises law at Kinderhook,18;his successful career,18-36;leads Republican lawyers,20;his contests with Williams,20;contrasted with Williams by Butler,20,21;skill in argument and persuasion,21;marriage,21;holds office of surrogate,22;removes to Hudson,22;reading habits,22;continues to prosper in law,22;later as state senator becomes member of court of errors,23;becomes attorney-general,23;later removed for political reasons,24;moves to Albany,24;partnership with Butler,24;his opinion criticising Kent,25;in court of errors reverses Kent's opinion in a debt case,26;condemns practice of imprisoning for debt,27;in Medcef Eden case,29;his argument,30;secures a money competence,30;his Oswego estate,30;gains political lessons during law practice,31,32;not an orator,31;his legal and political careers not strictly separable,36;loses wife,36;upright private life,37.Republican Leader in New York.Early enthusiasm for Jefferson,39,40;not won by Burr faction in 1803,43;supports Lewis for governor,44;supports Clintonian faction in 1807,45;appointed surrogate by Clintonian council of appointment,45;not the founder of spoils system,50,53;removed from office by Livingstonian faction,52;nominated for state senator,53;elected over Edward Livingston,53;finds spoils system established,53;becomes a master in use of offices,57,58;reëlected senator,58;votes for Clintonian electors against Madison,58;later condemned for this action,58;an advocate of embargo and of war of 1812,59;places state party before national,59;dissolves relations with Clinton,59;in Senate defends war against Clinton's attack,60;supports Tompkins for governor,60,61;supports war measures,61;becomes leader,61;drafts classification act to prepare militia,62;on victory at Plattsburg,62;drafts resolution of thanks to Jackson,63;becomes attorney-general,63;in "Peter Allen" election case,64;chosen regent of University of State of New York,65;leaves party ranks to vote for canal bill,65;thanked by Clinton,66;reluctant to allow Clinton's election in 1817,66;leads faction of "Bucktails,"67;removed from office of attorney-general,67;his efforts in behalf of Tompkins's claims,68;writes pamphlet advocating reëlection of King to Senate,69-71;skill of his plea,70,71;urges his choice in private,71,72;friendly relations with King,72;declares King's election uninfluenced by Missouri question,73;calls meeting at Albany to protest against slavery extension,74;votes in Senate for instructions to United States senators to oppose admission of a slave State,74;present at congressional caucus in 1816 to nominate a president,74;votes as elector for Monroe and Tompkins,75;urges removal of unfriendly postmasters in New York,75;not harmed by publication of this request,75,76;as leader of party in State, chosen United States senator,76.Member of Constitutional Convention.Elected from Otsego County,77;his share in debate on extending franchise,78;not non-committal as charged,79;his argument for universal suffrage,79,80;wishes it granted gradually,80;opposes restriction of suffrage to whites,80;favors property qualification for blacks,80,81;reports on appointments to office,81,82;recommends that militia elect all but highest officers,81;his recommendations as to civil office,81,82;opposes election of judges,82;his objection to council of revision,83;unwilling to say a good word for it,83;votes against turning judges out of office,85;wisdom of his course in the convention,86;prevents his party from making radical changes,86,87;shows courage, independence, and patriotism,87.United States Senator.Dislikes slavery in 1821,93;votes to restrict admission of slaves to Florida,93;his friends and associates in Senate,94;supports Crawford for succession to Monroe as "regular" candidate,95;votes for Cumberland road bill,95;later apologizes for vote,96;proposes a constitutional amendment to authorize internal improvements,97;probably impressed by Erie Canal,98;speech in favor of abolishing imprisonment for debt,98;votes for tariff of 1824,99;his protectionist views,99;his votes upon different sections,102;influenced by New York sentiment,102;later averse to high protection,103;but never considers tariff of supreme importance,103;urges constitutional amendment to leave election of president with electors in case of failure on first trial,104;defends system of caucus nominations,105;prestige as leader of New York in election of 1824,106;at first inclined to Adams,107;Adams's opinion of,107;abused by Crawford's enemies,108;