Abyss, moksché; iro-moksché, steep cliff.Air, ta-djä̍ (jFrench).All(all together), brogä̍; the whole mass (or multitude), akiwoasan (woalikevoiin French;anFrench).Alone, asch-nå (schlikejFrench).I myself alone, mij-nå (jFrench here and below).You (thou) alone, dij-nå.He alone, ij-nå.We alone, guj-nå.You alone, dij-nå.Always, eiiåhma (eitogether).American(an), Måhi-hónn-ie (ieshort;eaudible); i.e., Long Knife.Another, i-tan-dö (anFrench).Answer(v), i-hä̍.Anxiety(fear), nongguä̍ (guashort).Approach stealthily(v; stalk), sridje-monnä̍ (jFrench).Arm, asché.Arrow, mi̍to.Ashes, må-chudjé (chguttural).Awake(v, intr), uatá-nayé (run together).Awake(v, tr), ih-ki-reh.Axe, i̍suä (suashort).Back(adverb), hatá.Back(n), nåh-kan (anFrench).Bad(malicious), tsichogä̍ (chguttural).Bald, nantó-rusch-ra (anFrench).Ball(bullet), måh-seh-måh; same word as for lead.Bathe(v), ni-uah (uahnasal).Beard, ndä-hi (nonly a fore-tone).Beautiful, ocompih (French).Before(ahead), på-gran (anFrench).Behind(behind us), a-rúcha-gä (chguttural).Belly, ni-cha (chguttural).Beside(near), oh-kang-äh.Best, pi-tånra, (anFrench).Bird, wåe-ing-ä (ebarely audible; the whole together).Bite(v), rochtagä.Bitter, sehko-schkunä̍; i.e., not sweet, they do not have a direct expression.Black, seuä̍ (eanduseparated).Bladder, nächä̍ (chguttural).Blind, ich-tåch-hidje (jFrench; finaleshort).Blood, wåpågä̍-oyú.Bloom(v), pahüson (onFrench).Blow(v; blow out), a-bi-chä (chguttural).Blue, tóh.Blush(v), schudjö (jFrench).Boil(v; cook), oh-hon (onFrench).Bone(bones), uah-hi̍ (uahnasal).Bough, nå-ing-ä (run together).Bow, måndehi̍ (anFrench).Break(v), to-ié.Break open(v; force open), wå-gre-ue.Breast(female), påsä (sashort).Breast(the whole breast), mong-ä.Breath, hi̍; same word as for mouth and tooth.Bridge, ohä̍.Broad, brå-ské (final syllable short).Brook, nischna-ing-ä (run together).Brother, song-ä̍; my brother, mi-song-ä̍.Brown, chudje (chguttural;edistinctly pronounced); i.e., dark, smoky, they have no word for brown.Burn(v), todjé (jFrench).Bury(v; inter), ochä (chguttural).Buy(v), wå-ru-mäh; same word means to trade.Calm(n), oh-bra-gä̍.Canoe, på-djé (jFrench).Carrion(a dead animal), uå-hu-mä̍ (uashort and together).Catch(v; capture), rusä̍.Caught(v; captured), ua-ni-hih (uandaseparated).Cave, i̍ro-chrogä̍; i.e., a hollow rock.Chew(v), same word as for meal, or to eat.Child, tchitching-ä (chliketgi, with the point of the tongue).Choke(v; press to death, smother), o-nong-ä̍.Clear(bright), o-haun-uäh (nFrench;uahnasal).Clear(water), ni-bréjé (French); they give this name to the Mississippi.Cloud(masses of cloud), moͣch-pih (chguttural).Coal, åchudjeh (achguttural).Coals(glowing), pedjé-sih (jFrench).Cold(adj), sni̍h.Comb(n), härusäh, i.e., louse-catcher; from hä, louse, and rusäh, catch.Community(company, many men), manksché-gerohan (anFrench;geGerman).Compel(v; force), a-u-scheh-geh (run together).Convenient(comfortable), pi̍; same word as for good.Cough(v), hogh-pä̍.Count(v; number), uårauä (autogether).Cowardly, same word as for lazy, or rotten.Crooked, rutan-schkunäh (anFrench).Crow(way of dressing hair), nantó (anFrench).Cure(v; heal), ginih.Curly(hair), påhi̍-riberin (innasal, like i̍).Cut(v), gron-tschéh (onFrench).Cut down(v; fell), gron-tsché (onFrench).Cut down(v; fell), grontsché (onFrench).Cut into(v; incise, carve), grontsché (onFrench).Dance(n), woͣtschí.Dark, ohånsä̍ (anFrench).Daughter, ih-wung-ä.Day, han-uä (anFrench, the whole short and run together).Dead, tsä̍h.Deaf, nå-cho-dje-ning-e (jFrench;chguttural;eshort).Dear(costly), tschä-chäh (chguttural).Deceive(v; cheat), gistoncha (chguttural).Decoy(v; decoy an animal), tah-sching-ä-on (schingandapronounced together;onFrench).Devastate(v), schéh-na.Devil(evil spirit), wåhkondapisch-kunnä̍h.Die(v), tsä̍h.Dirty, måh-chrih (chwith the point of the tongue).Dirty(v), måchré (chguttural).Dive(v), ni̍h-rotata. [MS. note in Library of Congress copy by J. O. Dorsey, says that this is not a verb but ni, water, and rótata, under.—Trans.]Divide(v; share), ikirutan (anFrench).Door, tschi-okä̍ (run together).Double, nouä̍; same word as for two.Drag(v; drag a load), påhi̍-on-reh (onFrench).Draw(v; draw water), nih-ru-seh.Dream(v), ombrä̍; ira-ombrá, you dreamed (plural).Drink(v), ratan (anFrench).Dry(adj), buh-sä.Dumb, i-tiä-ru-scha-gä.Dung, ming-grä.Dust, månschuh-schudje (anFrench; likewisej;eshort).Dwelling place(hunting stand), irappä (finalabetweeneandaumlaut).Ear, nan-toa (French).Ear-ornament, uåhnon-pin (nonFrench;pinnasal, likepi).Early, heruh-tach-tsché (achguttural); early in the day.Empty(adj), chroschkä (chguttural).Enclose(v; shut up), uå-nåssé.Enemy, okitsché.Englishman, Sanganasch.Enough, kahä̍na (nashort).Entertain(v), nontutan (onandanFrench).Even(equal, flat), bra-ské, or bras-ké; same word as for broad, or great.Evening, pi̍-kuiä̍, or pi̍kuiä̍; from pi, sun, and kuiä̍, low.Everywhere, mayon-brughä (onFrench); i.e., over the whole land.Expectorate(v), grä-uä.Eye, ichtá (ichGerman and not guttural; nearly the same as with the Dacota, Omahas, Osages, and Puncas).Eyelid, ichtá-hi.Face(sight), indéh.Fall(v), o-chua-nä (chguttural).Far(distant), ha-rä.Far(distant), hah-reh.Fat, uå-schi.Father, ing-koh.Feast, same as meal, or eat; they say, give to eat; also gi-ko.Feather, manschon (onFrench).Female(of animals), ming-eh.Festival, så-gä.Fever, okisché-gétachran (chguttural;anFrench).Find(v), ikiré.Finger, nau-ue (ueshort).Fire, pedjé (firstedistinctly pronounced;jFrench).Fish(n), hó.Fish(v), ho-rusä̍.Fish(v; catch fish), same word as for fish-hook.Fish-hook, horusé.Fist, nauä̍-sogä.Flame(n), pedjé-takan (jandanFrench).Flat(level), braskä̍.Flee(v; escape), hå-sä.Flesh, tåh.Flint, ju-tsché-ogran (anFrench).Flood(v; overflow), nih-ton (onFrench).Flow(v), kahi̍ra (rashort).Fog, schuschudjä (jFrench).Foot, si̍.Foot-path, nong-ä̍.Forehead, pä̍h.Forest, chrå-uäh (chguttural).Forget(v), giksuh-schkúnnä.Freeze(v; chill), o-snih.Freeze(v; congeal), nih-tåh.Frenchman, Måsongkä-okannä (aumlaut, also pronounced likee).Friend, ntará.Full, oh-yuh.Fully(of cooking, done), ni-djä̍ (jFrench).Gall(bile), grä-ue-sih.Gay-colored(variegated), gréjé (jFrench).Go(v), monnih.God(creator), wåhkonda.Good, pi̍h.Grandson, intaqúa.Grape-vine, hå-seh-hih.Grave, óh-chä (chguttural).Gray, cho-djé (jFrench;chguttural).Gray-haired, pahi-son (French).Great(tall), grón-rä (nFrench).Green, tohch-djä̍ (chguttural;jFrench).Ground(earth), måhå.Gun, jútschä (tschashort); rifle, jútschä-ki̍h-berúh-berúh (the whole short, and run together).Gut(intestines), schiuä̍.Gut(v; gut an animal), nicha-gi-na-sché (chguttural).Hair, på-hi̍.Half, oskisserä (eshort); så-ning-ä̍, the second part.Hand, nau-uä.Hard, sågeh.Hate(v), hasch-ing-äh.Head, på.Headache, nan-soh-nih-djä (anFrench;djalikewise).Healthy, ogischegä-schkúnnä (eshort).Hear(v), nåkon (onFrench).Heart, mon-tchä (onFrench;chwith the point of the tongue).Heat(v; inflame), tåcherang (chguttural); i.e., warm; they also say monschtiö (onFrench).Heavy(difficult), tscháh-tan (anFrench).Hide(v), nåh-chron (chguttural;onFrench).High, mock-scheh.Hole, chro-gä̍ (chguttural).Hollow(adj), chro-gä̍ (chwith the point of the tongue).Horn, hä̍h.Horns(antlers), häh.Horse(young horse), schangtóing-ä.Hot, moschtä.House(lodge), tschi̍h.Hunger, chråni̍ (chguttural).Hunt(n), kinángra.Hunt(v), kinángra.Hunter, kinángra-uarupeh.Hurricane(storm), tåh-såggä-uayhäh-häh (the whole run together).I, mi̍h.Ice, nóchä (chguttural;ashort).Incurable, ginih-schkúnnä.Indistinct, tahi̍-schkúnnä.Internal(within), róhtata.Intoxicate(v), tå-ningé (ningenasal).Iron, mǻ-sä (first syllable longer; firstaalmost likeanFrench).Island, rú-mi-tschi̍ (rumitschi, orrumaetschi).Jar(vessel), däh-chä (chguttural).Joy(enjoyment, mirth), gi̍ro (German throughout).Knife, måh-hi.Know(v), ju̍a-hamg-äh.Know(v; be acquainted with), hah-pang-äh.Lame, uåh-hi̍ragä.Lance(spear; sword-lance), uåh-yaueh (letters inyauehare separated).Land, mayón (French).Laugh(v, or n), ick-scháh.Lay(v; lay down), jan (anFrench).Leader(chief), uong-gé-gi-hi (first syllable almost likewong;gguttural).Leaf(of a tree), nǻchpä (nachlong).Left(direction), aratscheh.Leg, rägä.Lie(v; deceive), tohshäh.Light(v; illuminate), hån-ue-on-re (anandonFrench;uenasal, likewisehan).Light(v; kindle), ohan-ue (anFrench;uandeseparated).Lightning, wáhkonda-gron (gronFrench).Like(v; be fond of), ooch-thá (chguttural).Lip, ih-hå.Little, tscho-kerá.Long, sreh-djeh (jFrench).Loose(of clothes), grån-reh (anFrench).Maiden, tschichmi-ing-ä (ichguttural).Maize, wå-dud-djé (jFrench).Man, uong-gä, or uong-äh; same word as for human being.Man(human being), uong-äh.Marry(v; of a man), grong-äh.Marry(v; of a woman), uåruchä̍.Meal(or to eat?), uåårudjé (jFrench).Messenger, ikomónne (neshort).Milk(n), teh-på-seh-nih (run together).Mirror, måse-angitan (eshort;anFrench).Money, må-ses-kå (all syllables even); i.e., white metal.Moon, pi̍h: they add a limiting word; the words for sun and moon are the same, but they believe the two to be distinct.Morning, hån-uä.Mother, ináh.Mountain, hämokschä̍.Mouth, hi̍.Much(many), roh-han (anFrench).Murder(v; kill), tsä̍h.Music, uå-yanuäh (yanFrench).My, mih-te-uäh.Nail(on the feet), si̍ha-schágä.Nail(on fingers), naue-ue-schágä.Nail(on the hands), nombä-schágä (nomFrench).Naked, tåh-huh.Name(n), rahjä (jGerman).Narrow, broͣskäsch-schkúnä (nashort).Necklace(neck ornament), wånon-peh (onFrench).Needle, måh-sickan (anFrench).Negro, mååk-schi-säuäh.Night, haǻn-hä.Noon, pi̍oh-cons-ská (consFrench).Nose, påso.Not(no), niäkóh.Old, isch-ágä.Old man, uánscha (anFrench).Old woman, inahak-schingä (German throughout).Oldest, inó.On the other side(of a river), ni̍agreck.Once, jóng-kä.Over, mok-schüátta (attashort).Over(above), mååk-schäh.Pain(n), nih-djé (jFrench).Paint(v), okompé (French throughout).Palate, räsä̍.Pale(v; grow pale, fade), indéhska; i.e., white or pale face.Peace, mayon-pi̍h (onFrench).Pipe(tobacco), rå-no-uä̍.Plant(v), o-yú (together); i.e., put something in the earth.Play(v). schkåh-djé (jFrench).Pluck(v; feathers), hi-snudjä (jFrench).Pointed, påh-hi.Pond(pool), same word as for swamp.Pouch(sack), osché (esomewhat likeaumlaut).Powder(gun-powder), åh-chudjäh (chguttural;jFrench).Pray(v; to the lord of life), wahkonda-åchagä (chguttural).Pregnant, nichta-chontjä (chguttural;jFrench).Press(v), bri̍chä-onongä.Press out(v; express?), sagéonang-ä (the whole run together;geGerman, as ingeben).Pretty, oh-com-pih (French).Prick(v; sting), wå-yah-uä (uashort).Prisoner, same word as for caught, or captured.Proud(haughty), tan-ra-gon-da (anandonFrench).Pulse, ahk-kan (firstabarely audible;anFrench).Punish(v; whip), utschi̍.Push(v; thrust), nih-djé (jFrench).Quick, ho-che-rä (chguttural).Rain(n), ni-o-iu (run together).Reconcile(v; appease), mayonpih (onFrench).Red, schu-djä̍ (jFrench).Resistance(self-defence), ankirragä̍ (anFrench).Rib, roh-toh.Ripe(of fruits), si̍h-da (dashort).River, nisch-nong-ä.Rock(cliff), i̍ro.Rot(v), obrån-pesch-kunä̍ (anFrench).Rotten(lazy?), chritagä̍ (chguttural).Round, schnåh-schnåh.Run(v), nong-ä.Salt down(v; pickle, corn), nischko-oiú.Scalp, nantó (anFrench).Sea, nih-chonn-djé (djeFrench);the Ayowas say, nih-chon-je (jeGerman).Secret, nå-chron (chpalatal;onFrench).See(v), uatah (uandafollow closely).Sexual organs(female), uieh (useparated).Sexual organs(male), reh.Shade(shadow), oh-uan-seh (anFrench).Shallow(water), nichä-uäh (chguttural).Sharp(pointed), på-hih.Shave(v), chru-scherá (chguttural).Shoot(v; with an arrow), måhkudjeh.Shoot(v; with a gun), jutjehkudjeh (jFrench).Shore(bank), nih-må-åh.Short, süït-tscheh.Shout(v; call), sih-uan (uanshort, likewannasal;anFrench).Shout(v; give the warhoop), graah (rwith the point of the tongue).Sick, okischegä.Side, såh-ning-ä.Sing(v), yan-uah (anFrench).Sister, tång-äh.Sit(v), ah-mi-nåh.Skin(hide), hå.Sleep(v), iyán (iandyslightly separated;anFrench).Sleepy, yon-gondah (onFrench).Slowly, srih-djeh (jFrench).Small, ing-äh.Smell(v; sniff at, scent), obran (anFrench); smell (something), obranré.Smoke(n), scho-djä (jFrench).Smoke(v; tobacco), rah-nehi.Snow(n), påh; same word as for head and nose.Sole(of the foot), si-ro-ta-tá (sirotata).Son, hih-ing-äh.Speak(v), id-djé (jFrench).Spirits(distilled), pedjé-ni (jFrench); i.e., fire-water.Spot(v; stain), måchré (chguttural).Spring(source), nih-hong-ä.Spring(the season), päh-käh.Spring(v; leap, jump), attåunuah (nasal;aunnasal;nFrench).Spy(v; listen), ånoch-ron-no-kron (onFrench).Star, piká.Start(v; start an animal), hå-sé.Stick, nan-ing-ä (anFrench).Still(silent), echan-schkunäh (chguttural;anFrench).Stinginess, (greediness), gi-tschächä (chapalatal).Stomach, mong-ä (ashort).Stone, i̍ro, or i̍h-roh.Stop(v; hold fast, arrest), o-nongä (run together).Storm(thunder-storm), tájä-soggä̍ (jFrench).Straight(direct), ruh-tan (anFrench).Strangle(v), gi-to-dje (jFrench).Strike(v; beat), uh-tschin (tschinnasal;inlikei).Strong, brih-chäh (rwith the point of the tongue;chguttural).Stump, påhi̍-schkunäh.Stupid, bréjé-schkunä̍ (jFrench).Summer, tohk-äh.Sun, pi̍h.Sunrise, pi̍h-gri̍h.Sunset, pi̍h-hi̍h.Swamp, tschérauä (uashort).Sweet, skóh.Swelling(boil), ouä̍ (short and together).Swim(v), nih-uan (anFrench).Tail(of an animal), sinn-djä (jFrench).Teach(v), wå-kon-seh (onFrench).Tear out(v; pull out), gi-na-sché.Tears(n), ischtá-ni̍h; i.e. eye-water.Teeth, ihi̍.There(of place), tschekä̍, or kö̍ta.Thick(large), chonje chonje (jFrench).Thin, brékä.Thumb, nau-uä-chonje (chshort); i.e., thick, or big finger.Thunder(n), gron-gron (onFrench); wahkonda-gron-gron.Tie(v; bind, fasten), ru-ski-djä (jFrench).Tinder-box, pedjé-on (jandonFrench).Tobacco, rah-nih.Toe, sihasch-schángä.Tomahawk, i-sua-ing-ä (run together).To-morrow, härúh-tata.Tongue, redseh.Toothache, ihi̍-nidjeh (jFrench).Trace(track of an animal), sih-grä̍ (last syllable short).Trade, uå-ru-ma.Trader, same word as for buy.Trap(snare), månse-råch-tagä (achguttural).Tree, grå-uéh (grguttural).True, mikä̍.Ugly, püsch-schkunnä.Undress(v; strip), unaie-gistrüdje (jFrench).Unmarried, ming-grong-äschkunnä; of a woman, uåruch-äschkunnä.Unripe, sidah-schkúnnä.Until(unto), ätchån (chguttural;anFrench).Urine, däjä̍ (jFrench).Vein(artery), kán (French).War, mayón-peschkuni̍h (onFrench); literally, bad land.War-club(with the iron point), uehrutschin (tschinnasal;nFrench).Warm, mosch-tschä̍.Warmth(of weather, or water), tåh-chran (chguttural).Warrior(brave man), wå-schúscheh.Wash(v), uå-ruh-jäh.Water, ni̍h.Wax, uagriska-minggräh.Weep(v), cha-gä (chguttural;gashort).Wet(adj), tohkä.What? how?tå-ku-rä̍.Whistle(v; pipe), suh-dä̍.White, skáh.White man, må-song-kä; i.e., he works in iron.Whole(very), brughä̍ (ghguttural).Widow, aegran-ning-ä (anFrench).Wind(n), tad-djé (jFrench).Wing, ahú.Winter, påh-nih.Within(come in), gúh.Woman(wife), ina-hakä (finalabarely audible).Wood, nä̍h.Work(v), uå-on (onFrench).Wound(v), òh.Wound(v; shoot), òh.Wrap up(v), ruberin (inlikeinasal).Year(winter), páhni (nishort).Yellow, si̍h.Yes, hontiö̍ (anFrench).Young(not old or little), schiniä̍ (nianasal).
Abyss, moksché; iro-moksché, steep cliff.
Air, ta-djä̍ (jFrench).
All(all together), brogä̍; the whole mass (or multitude), akiwoasan (woalikevoiin French;anFrench).
Alone, asch-nå (schlikejFrench).
Always, eiiåhma (eitogether).
American(an), Måhi-hónn-ie (ieshort;eaudible); i.e., Long Knife.
Another, i-tan-dö (anFrench).
Answer(v), i-hä̍.
Anxiety(fear), nongguä̍ (guashort).
Approach stealthily(v; stalk), sridje-monnä̍ (jFrench).
Arm, asché.
Arrow, mi̍to.
Ashes, må-chudjé (chguttural).
Awake(v, intr), uatá-nayé (run together).
Awake(v, tr), ih-ki-reh.
Axe, i̍suä (suashort).
Back(adverb), hatá.
Back(n), nåh-kan (anFrench).
Bad(malicious), tsichogä̍ (chguttural).
Bald, nantó-rusch-ra (anFrench).
Ball(bullet), måh-seh-måh; same word as for lead.
Bathe(v), ni-uah (uahnasal).
Beard, ndä-hi (nonly a fore-tone).
Beautiful, ocompih (French).
Before(ahead), på-gran (anFrench).
Behind(behind us), a-rúcha-gä (chguttural).
Belly, ni-cha (chguttural).
Beside(near), oh-kang-äh.
Best, pi-tånra, (anFrench).
Bird, wåe-ing-ä (ebarely audible; the whole together).
Bite(v), rochtagä.
Bitter, sehko-schkunä̍; i.e., not sweet, they do not have a direct expression.
Black, seuä̍ (eanduseparated).
Bladder, nächä̍ (chguttural).
Blind, ich-tåch-hidje (jFrench; finaleshort).
Blood, wåpågä̍-oyú.
Bloom(v), pahüson (onFrench).
Blow(v; blow out), a-bi-chä (chguttural).
Blue, tóh.
Blush(v), schudjö (jFrench).
Boil(v; cook), oh-hon (onFrench).
Bone(bones), uah-hi̍ (uahnasal).
Bough, nå-ing-ä (run together).
Bow, måndehi̍ (anFrench).
Break(v), to-ié.
Break open(v; force open), wå-gre-ue.
Breast(female), påsä (sashort).
Breast(the whole breast), mong-ä.
Breath, hi̍; same word as for mouth and tooth.
Bridge, ohä̍.
Broad, brå-ské (final syllable short).
Brook, nischna-ing-ä (run together).
Brother, song-ä̍; my brother, mi-song-ä̍.
Brown, chudje (chguttural;edistinctly pronounced); i.e., dark, smoky, they have no word for brown.
Burn(v), todjé (jFrench).
Bury(v; inter), ochä (chguttural).
Buy(v), wå-ru-mäh; same word means to trade.
Calm(n), oh-bra-gä̍.
Canoe, på-djé (jFrench).
Carrion(a dead animal), uå-hu-mä̍ (uashort and together).
Catch(v; capture), rusä̍.
Caught(v; captured), ua-ni-hih (uandaseparated).
Cave, i̍ro-chrogä̍; i.e., a hollow rock.
Chew(v), same word as for meal, or to eat.
Child, tchitching-ä (chliketgi, with the point of the tongue).
Choke(v; press to death, smother), o-nong-ä̍.
Clear(bright), o-haun-uäh (nFrench;uahnasal).
Clear(water), ni-bréjé (French); they give this name to the Mississippi.
Cloud(masses of cloud), moͣch-pih (chguttural).
Coal, åchudjeh (achguttural).
Coals(glowing), pedjé-sih (jFrench).
Cold(adj), sni̍h.
Comb(n), härusäh, i.e., louse-catcher; from hä, louse, and rusäh, catch.
Community(company, many men), manksché-gerohan (anFrench;geGerman).
Compel(v; force), a-u-scheh-geh (run together).
Convenient(comfortable), pi̍; same word as for good.
Cough(v), hogh-pä̍.
Count(v; number), uårauä (autogether).
Cowardly, same word as for lazy, or rotten.
Crooked, rutan-schkunäh (anFrench).
Crow(way of dressing hair), nantó (anFrench).
Cure(v; heal), ginih.
Curly(hair), påhi̍-riberin (innasal, like i̍).
Cut(v), gron-tschéh (onFrench).
Cut down(v; fell), gron-tsché (onFrench).
Cut down(v; fell), grontsché (onFrench).
Cut into(v; incise, carve), grontsché (onFrench).
Dance(n), woͣtschí.
Dark, ohånsä̍ (anFrench).
Daughter, ih-wung-ä.
Day, han-uä (anFrench, the whole short and run together).
Dead, tsä̍h.
Deaf, nå-cho-dje-ning-e (jFrench;chguttural;eshort).
Dear(costly), tschä-chäh (chguttural).
Deceive(v; cheat), gistoncha (chguttural).
Decoy(v; decoy an animal), tah-sching-ä-on (schingandapronounced together;onFrench).
Devastate(v), schéh-na.
Devil(evil spirit), wåhkondapisch-kunnä̍h.
Die(v), tsä̍h.
Dirty, måh-chrih (chwith the point of the tongue).
Dirty(v), måchré (chguttural).
Dive(v), ni̍h-rotata. [MS. note in Library of Congress copy by J. O. Dorsey, says that this is not a verb but ni, water, and rótata, under.—Trans.]
Divide(v; share), ikirutan (anFrench).
Door, tschi-okä̍ (run together).
Double, nouä̍; same word as for two.
Drag(v; drag a load), påhi̍-on-reh (onFrench).
Draw(v; draw water), nih-ru-seh.
Dream(v), ombrä̍; ira-ombrá, you dreamed (plural).
Drink(v), ratan (anFrench).
Dry(adj), buh-sä.
Dumb, i-tiä-ru-scha-gä.
Dung, ming-grä.
Dust, månschuh-schudje (anFrench; likewisej;eshort).
Dwelling place(hunting stand), irappä (finalabetweeneandaumlaut).
Ear, nan-toa (French).
Ear-ornament, uåhnon-pin (nonFrench;pinnasal, likepi).
Early, heruh-tach-tsché (achguttural); early in the day.
Empty(adj), chroschkä (chguttural).
Enclose(v; shut up), uå-nåssé.
Enemy, okitsché.
Englishman, Sanganasch.
Enough, kahä̍na (nashort).
Entertain(v), nontutan (onandanFrench).
Even(equal, flat), bra-ské, or bras-ké; same word as for broad, or great.
Evening, pi̍-kuiä̍, or pi̍kuiä̍; from pi, sun, and kuiä̍, low.
Everywhere, mayon-brughä (onFrench); i.e., over the whole land.
Expectorate(v), grä-uä.
Eye, ichtá (ichGerman and not guttural; nearly the same as with the Dacota, Omahas, Osages, and Puncas).
Eyelid, ichtá-hi.
Face(sight), indéh.
Fall(v), o-chua-nä (chguttural).
Far(distant), ha-rä.
Far(distant), hah-reh.
Fat, uå-schi.
Father, ing-koh.
Feast, same as meal, or eat; they say, give to eat; also gi-ko.
Feather, manschon (onFrench).
Female(of animals), ming-eh.
Festival, så-gä.
Fever, okisché-gétachran (chguttural;anFrench).
Find(v), ikiré.
Finger, nau-ue (ueshort).
Fire, pedjé (firstedistinctly pronounced;jFrench).
Fish(n), hó.
Fish(v), ho-rusä̍.
Fish(v; catch fish), same word as for fish-hook.
Fish-hook, horusé.
Fist, nauä̍-sogä.
Flame(n), pedjé-takan (jandanFrench).
Flat(level), braskä̍.
Flee(v; escape), hå-sä.
Flesh, tåh.
Flint, ju-tsché-ogran (anFrench).
Flood(v; overflow), nih-ton (onFrench).
Flow(v), kahi̍ra (rashort).
Fog, schuschudjä (jFrench).
Foot, si̍.
Foot-path, nong-ä̍.
Forehead, pä̍h.
Forest, chrå-uäh (chguttural).
Forget(v), giksuh-schkúnnä.
Freeze(v; chill), o-snih.
Freeze(v; congeal), nih-tåh.
Frenchman, Måsongkä-okannä (aumlaut, also pronounced likee).
Friend, ntará.
Full, oh-yuh.
Fully(of cooking, done), ni-djä̍ (jFrench).
Gall(bile), grä-ue-sih.
Gay-colored(variegated), gréjé (jFrench).
Go(v), monnih.
God(creator), wåhkonda.
Good, pi̍h.
Grandson, intaqúa.
Grape-vine, hå-seh-hih.
Grave, óh-chä (chguttural).
Gray, cho-djé (jFrench;chguttural).
Gray-haired, pahi-son (French).
Great(tall), grón-rä (nFrench).
Green, tohch-djä̍ (chguttural;jFrench).
Ground(earth), måhå.
Gun, jútschä (tschashort); rifle, jútschä-ki̍h-berúh-berúh (the whole short, and run together).
Gut(intestines), schiuä̍.
Gut(v; gut an animal), nicha-gi-na-sché (chguttural).
Hair, på-hi̍.
Half, oskisserä (eshort); så-ning-ä̍, the second part.
Hand, nau-uä.
Hard, sågeh.
Hate(v), hasch-ing-äh.
Head, på.
Headache, nan-soh-nih-djä (anFrench;djalikewise).
Healthy, ogischegä-schkúnnä (eshort).
Hear(v), nåkon (onFrench).
Heart, mon-tchä (onFrench;chwith the point of the tongue).
Heat(v; inflame), tåcherang (chguttural); i.e., warm; they also say monschtiö (onFrench).
Heavy(difficult), tscháh-tan (anFrench).
Hide(v), nåh-chron (chguttural;onFrench).
High, mock-scheh.
Hole, chro-gä̍ (chguttural).
Hollow(adj), chro-gä̍ (chwith the point of the tongue).
Horn, hä̍h.
Horns(antlers), häh.
Horse(young horse), schangtóing-ä.
Hot, moschtä.
House(lodge), tschi̍h.
Hunger, chråni̍ (chguttural).
Hunt(n), kinángra.
Hunt(v), kinángra.
Hunter, kinángra-uarupeh.
Hurricane(storm), tåh-såggä-uayhäh-häh (the whole run together).
I, mi̍h.
Ice, nóchä (chguttural;ashort).
Incurable, ginih-schkúnnä.
Indistinct, tahi̍-schkúnnä.
Internal(within), róhtata.
Intoxicate(v), tå-ningé (ningenasal).
Iron, mǻ-sä (first syllable longer; firstaalmost likeanFrench).
Island, rú-mi-tschi̍ (rumitschi, orrumaetschi).
Jar(vessel), däh-chä (chguttural).
Joy(enjoyment, mirth), gi̍ro (German throughout).
Knife, måh-hi.
Know(v), ju̍a-hamg-äh.
Know(v; be acquainted with), hah-pang-äh.
Lame, uåh-hi̍ragä.
Lance(spear; sword-lance), uåh-yaueh (letters inyauehare separated).
Land, mayón (French).
Laugh(v, or n), ick-scháh.
Lay(v; lay down), jan (anFrench).
Leader(chief), uong-gé-gi-hi (first syllable almost likewong;gguttural).
Leaf(of a tree), nǻchpä (nachlong).
Left(direction), aratscheh.
Leg, rägä.
Lie(v; deceive), tohshäh.
Light(v; illuminate), hån-ue-on-re (anandonFrench;uenasal, likewisehan).
Light(v; kindle), ohan-ue (anFrench;uandeseparated).
Lightning, wáhkonda-gron (gronFrench).
Like(v; be fond of), ooch-thá (chguttural).
Lip, ih-hå.
Little, tscho-kerá.
Long, sreh-djeh (jFrench).
Loose(of clothes), grån-reh (anFrench).
Maiden, tschichmi-ing-ä (ichguttural).
Maize, wå-dud-djé (jFrench).
Man, uong-gä, or uong-äh; same word as for human being.
Man(human being), uong-äh.
Marry(v; of a man), grong-äh.
Marry(v; of a woman), uåruchä̍.
Meal(or to eat?), uåårudjé (jFrench).
Messenger, ikomónne (neshort).
Milk(n), teh-på-seh-nih (run together).
Mirror, måse-angitan (eshort;anFrench).
Money, må-ses-kå (all syllables even); i.e., white metal.
Moon, pi̍h: they add a limiting word; the words for sun and moon are the same, but they believe the two to be distinct.
Morning, hån-uä.
Mother, ináh.
Mountain, hämokschä̍.
Mouth, hi̍.
Much(many), roh-han (anFrench).
Murder(v; kill), tsä̍h.
Music, uå-yanuäh (yanFrench).
My, mih-te-uäh.
Nail(on the feet), si̍ha-schágä.
Nail(on fingers), naue-ue-schágä.
Nail(on the hands), nombä-schágä (nomFrench).
Naked, tåh-huh.
Name(n), rahjä (jGerman).
Narrow, broͣskäsch-schkúnä (nashort).
Necklace(neck ornament), wånon-peh (onFrench).
Needle, måh-sickan (anFrench).
Negro, mååk-schi-säuäh.
Night, haǻn-hä.
Noon, pi̍oh-cons-ská (consFrench).
Nose, påso.
Not(no), niäkóh.
Old, isch-ágä.
Old man, uánscha (anFrench).
Old woman, inahak-schingä (German throughout).
Oldest, inó.
On the other side(of a river), ni̍agreck.
Once, jóng-kä.
Over, mok-schüátta (attashort).
Over(above), mååk-schäh.
Pain(n), nih-djé (jFrench).
Paint(v), okompé (French throughout).
Palate, räsä̍.
Pale(v; grow pale, fade), indéhska; i.e., white or pale face.
Peace, mayon-pi̍h (onFrench).
Pipe(tobacco), rå-no-uä̍.
Plant(v), o-yú (together); i.e., put something in the earth.
Play(v). schkåh-djé (jFrench).
Pluck(v; feathers), hi-snudjä (jFrench).
Pointed, påh-hi.
Pond(pool), same word as for swamp.
Pouch(sack), osché (esomewhat likeaumlaut).
Powder(gun-powder), åh-chudjäh (chguttural;jFrench).
Pray(v; to the lord of life), wahkonda-åchagä (chguttural).
Pregnant, nichta-chontjä (chguttural;jFrench).
Press(v), bri̍chä-onongä.
Press out(v; express?), sagéonang-ä (the whole run together;geGerman, as ingeben).
Pretty, oh-com-pih (French).
Prick(v; sting), wå-yah-uä (uashort).
Prisoner, same word as for caught, or captured.
Proud(haughty), tan-ra-gon-da (anandonFrench).
Pulse, ahk-kan (firstabarely audible;anFrench).
Punish(v; whip), utschi̍.
Push(v; thrust), nih-djé (jFrench).
Quick, ho-che-rä (chguttural).
Rain(n), ni-o-iu (run together).
Reconcile(v; appease), mayonpih (onFrench).
Red, schu-djä̍ (jFrench).
Resistance(self-defence), ankirragä̍ (anFrench).
Rib, roh-toh.
Ripe(of fruits), si̍h-da (dashort).
River, nisch-nong-ä.
Rock(cliff), i̍ro.
Rot(v), obrån-pesch-kunä̍ (anFrench).
Rotten(lazy?), chritagä̍ (chguttural).
Round, schnåh-schnåh.
Run(v), nong-ä.
Salt down(v; pickle, corn), nischko-oiú.
Scalp, nantó (anFrench).
Sea, nih-chonn-djé (djeFrench);the Ayowas say, nih-chon-je (jeGerman).
Secret, nå-chron (chpalatal;onFrench).
See(v), uatah (uandafollow closely).
Sexual organs(female), uieh (useparated).
Sexual organs(male), reh.
Shade(shadow), oh-uan-seh (anFrench).
Shallow(water), nichä-uäh (chguttural).
Sharp(pointed), på-hih.
Shave(v), chru-scherá (chguttural).
Shoot(v; with an arrow), måhkudjeh.
Shoot(v; with a gun), jutjehkudjeh (jFrench).
Shore(bank), nih-må-åh.
Short, süït-tscheh.
Shout(v; call), sih-uan (uanshort, likewannasal;anFrench).
Shout(v; give the warhoop), graah (rwith the point of the tongue).
Sick, okischegä.
Side, såh-ning-ä.
Sing(v), yan-uah (anFrench).
Sister, tång-äh.
Sit(v), ah-mi-nåh.
Skin(hide), hå.
Sleep(v), iyán (iandyslightly separated;anFrench).
Sleepy, yon-gondah (onFrench).
Slowly, srih-djeh (jFrench).
Small, ing-äh.
Smell(v; sniff at, scent), obran (anFrench); smell (something), obranré.
Smoke(n), scho-djä (jFrench).
Smoke(v; tobacco), rah-nehi.
Snow(n), påh; same word as for head and nose.
Sole(of the foot), si-ro-ta-tá (sirotata).
Son, hih-ing-äh.
Speak(v), id-djé (jFrench).
Spirits(distilled), pedjé-ni (jFrench); i.e., fire-water.
Spot(v; stain), måchré (chguttural).
Spring(source), nih-hong-ä.
Spring(the season), päh-käh.
Spring(v; leap, jump), attåunuah (nasal;aunnasal;nFrench).
Spy(v; listen), ånoch-ron-no-kron (onFrench).
Star, piká.
Start(v; start an animal), hå-sé.
Stick, nan-ing-ä (anFrench).
Still(silent), echan-schkunäh (chguttural;anFrench).
Stinginess, (greediness), gi-tschächä (chapalatal).
Stomach, mong-ä (ashort).
Stone, i̍ro, or i̍h-roh.
Stop(v; hold fast, arrest), o-nongä (run together).
Storm(thunder-storm), tájä-soggä̍ (jFrench).
Straight(direct), ruh-tan (anFrench).
Strangle(v), gi-to-dje (jFrench).
Strike(v; beat), uh-tschin (tschinnasal;inlikei).
Strong, brih-chäh (rwith the point of the tongue;chguttural).
Stump, påhi̍-schkunäh.
Stupid, bréjé-schkunä̍ (jFrench).
Summer, tohk-äh.
Sun, pi̍h.
Sunrise, pi̍h-gri̍h.
Sunset, pi̍h-hi̍h.
Swamp, tschérauä (uashort).
Sweet, skóh.
Swelling(boil), ouä̍ (short and together).
Swim(v), nih-uan (anFrench).
Tail(of an animal), sinn-djä (jFrench).
Teach(v), wå-kon-seh (onFrench).
Tear out(v; pull out), gi-na-sché.
Tears(n), ischtá-ni̍h; i.e. eye-water.
Teeth, ihi̍.
There(of place), tschekä̍, or kö̍ta.
Thick(large), chonje chonje (jFrench).
Thin, brékä.
Thumb, nau-uä-chonje (chshort); i.e., thick, or big finger.
Thunder(n), gron-gron (onFrench); wahkonda-gron-gron.
Tie(v; bind, fasten), ru-ski-djä (jFrench).
Tinder-box, pedjé-on (jandonFrench).
Tobacco, rah-nih.
Toe, sihasch-schángä.
Tomahawk, i-sua-ing-ä (run together).
To-morrow, härúh-tata.
Tongue, redseh.
Toothache, ihi̍-nidjeh (jFrench).
Trace(track of an animal), sih-grä̍ (last syllable short).
Trade, uå-ru-ma.
Trader, same word as for buy.
Trap(snare), månse-råch-tagä (achguttural).
Tree, grå-uéh (grguttural).
True, mikä̍.
Ugly, püsch-schkunnä.
Undress(v; strip), unaie-gistrüdje (jFrench).
Unmarried, ming-grong-äschkunnä; of a woman, uåruch-äschkunnä.
Unripe, sidah-schkúnnä.
Until(unto), ätchån (chguttural;anFrench).
Urine, däjä̍ (jFrench).
Vein(artery), kán (French).
War, mayón-peschkuni̍h (onFrench); literally, bad land.
War-club(with the iron point), uehrutschin (tschinnasal;nFrench).
Warm, mosch-tschä̍.
Warmth(of weather, or water), tåh-chran (chguttural).
Warrior(brave man), wå-schúscheh.
Wash(v), uå-ruh-jäh.
Water, ni̍h.
Wax, uagriska-minggräh.
Weep(v), cha-gä (chguttural;gashort).
Wet(adj), tohkä.
What? how?tå-ku-rä̍.
Whistle(v; pipe), suh-dä̍.
White, skáh.
White man, må-song-kä; i.e., he works in iron.
Whole(very), brughä̍ (ghguttural).
Widow, aegran-ning-ä (anFrench).
Wind(n), tad-djé (jFrench).
Wing, ahú.
Winter, påh-nih.
Within(come in), gúh.
Woman(wife), ina-hakä (finalabarely audible).
Wood, nä̍h.
Work(v), uå-on (onFrench).
Wound(v), òh.
Wound(v; shoot), òh.
Wrap up(v), ruberin (inlikeinasal).
Year(winter), páhni (nishort).
Yellow, si̍h.
Yes, hontiö̍ (anFrench).
Young(not old or little), schiniä̍ (nianasal).
One, jon-kä̍.Two, noh-uä.Three, tåh-ni.Four, toh-uä.Five, såh-tan (anFrench).Six, schåh-kuä (kuashort).Seven, schåh-cheman (secondchguttural;eshort;anFrench).Eight, kräh-råbbeneh (firsteshort).Nine, schonkä̍.Ten, kräh-bran (anFrench).Twenty, krän-bran-noh-uä.Thirty, kräh-bran-tåh-ni.Forty, kräh-bran-toh-uä.
One, jon-kä̍.
Two, noh-uä.
Three, tåh-ni.
Four, toh-uä.
Five, såh-tan (anFrench).
Six, schåh-kuä (kuashort).
Seven, schåh-cheman (secondchguttural;eshort;anFrench).
Eight, kräh-råbbeneh (firsteshort).
Nine, schonkä̍.
Ten, kräh-bran (anFrench).
Twenty, krän-bran-noh-uä.
Thirty, kräh-bran-tåh-ni.
Forty, kräh-bran-toh-uä.
Bear(black), montchä̍ (chaalmost liketia).Bear(grizzly), måntó (anFrench).Beaver, rauä̍ (aandusomewhat separated).Buffalo, tjä̍ (jFrench).Deer(common, or Virginian), tahg-tsche, or simply thá.Dog, schonk-okännäh.Duck, michä-iniä (chguttural).Elk(great deer), hóma (mashort).Fox(black), mischnäkä-sä-uä.Fox(gray), mischnäkä.Fox(red), mischnäkä-schudjä (jFrench).Hare, misch-tsching-gä̍ (run together).Horse, schong-äh.Mule, noͣn-tua-chonjä (chguttural).Opossum, ik-scha-mina (run together); i.e., the one which lies down, or sleeps with laughter.Otter, tohsch-nong-ä (all syllables even).Ox, tschehs-kah.Skunk, mong-äh.Snake, wå-kån (anFrench).Turkey(wild), wåe-ink-chontjeh (firstebarely audible;chguttural;jFrench).Turtle, keth-han (anFrench).Wolf(black), schanton-sä-uä.Wolf(gray), schanton-schkáh (antonFrench).Wolf(prairie), schah-monnikassi̍h.
Bear(black), montchä̍ (chaalmost liketia).
Bear(grizzly), måntó (anFrench).
Beaver, rauä̍ (aandusomewhat separated).
Buffalo, tjä̍ (jFrench).
Deer(common, or Virginian), tahg-tsche, or simply thá.
Dog, schonk-okännäh.
Duck, michä-iniä (chguttural).
Elk(great deer), hóma (mashort).
Fox(black), mischnäkä-sä-uä.
Fox(gray), mischnäkä.
Fox(red), mischnäkä-schudjä (jFrench).
Hare, misch-tsching-gä̍ (run together).
Horse, schong-äh.
Mule, noͣn-tua-chonjä (chguttural).
Opossum, ik-scha-mina (run together); i.e., the one which lies down, or sleeps with laughter.
Otter, tohsch-nong-ä (all syllables even).
Ox, tschehs-kah.
Skunk, mong-äh.
Snake, wå-kån (anFrench).
Turkey(wild), wåe-ink-chontjeh (firstebarely audible;chguttural;jFrench).
Turtle, keth-han (anFrench).
Wolf(black), schanton-sä-uä.
Wolf(gray), schanton-schkáh (antonFrench).
Wolf(prairie), schah-monnikassi̍h.
FOOTNOTES:[263]Written from the pronunciation of Major Dougherty, Indian agent for this nation, who understands the language thoroughly. This language, with only slight variations, is spoken by the Otos, Ayowäs, and Missouris.—Maximilian.
[263]Written from the pronunciation of Major Dougherty, Indian agent for this nation, who understands the language thoroughly. This language, with only slight variations, is spoken by the Otos, Ayowäs, and Missouris.—Maximilian.
[263]Written from the pronunciation of Major Dougherty, Indian agent for this nation, who understands the language thoroughly. This language, with only slight variations, is spoken by the Otos, Ayowäs, and Missouris.—Maximilian.