Table I (d)STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)CityCubic Yards of Street Sweeping Removed per WeekNumber of Weeks in Cleaning SeasonAverage Number of Cleanings per WeekHand SweepingMachine SweepingSweeping and FlushingSmoothRoughMacadamTotal Smooth, Rough and MacadamSmooth and RoughSmoothTotal Smooth, Rough and MacadamSmooth and RoughTotal Smooth, Rough and MacadamSmooth and RoughTotalBuffalo35 to 40 for hand sweeping, machine sweeping, and hand and machine sweeping. 25 for flushing. This is for all kinds of pavement.6 for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement, 2 for machine sweeping all kinds of pavement, and one for sweeping and flushing all kinds of pavement.Beacon35 weeks in cleaning season.6 times.Binghamton27 for hand sweeping, smooth and rough, 29 for machine sweeping, smooth and rough, and 32 for sweeping and flushing, smooth and rough.6 for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement, 6 for machine sweeping smooth and rough, and sweeping and flushing, smooth and rough.Cincinnati2,49652 weeks.Business daily, residential one to two times a week.Cambridge50050052 for hand sweeping smooth pavement, 10 for machine sweeping smooth pavement.Six for hand sweeping smooth pavement, 2 to 3 times a year for hand sweeping rough and macadam.Chicago9,3295,4281,55828836 for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement.Six for hand sweeping smooth and rough, and three for hand sweeping macadam.Camden14,871[8]Columbus10,586[8]27,348[8]12,284[2][8]ClevelandCortland32 weeks.Six for hand sweeping smooth, and one for hand sweeping macadam.Dunkirk6 times.Denver58,214[8]52 weeks.Elmira40 weeks.Seven for hand sweeping smooth, and 2 for flushing rough, and one for flushing macadam.Fall River52 weeks.Nine for hand sweeping smooth and rough.Grand RapidsHudsonSix for hand sweeping rough, and 3 or 4 times a year for machine sweeping smooth.Jamestown9027 weeks.4½ times.Kansas City52 weeks for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement, and 6 times a month for sweeping and flushing all kinds of pavement.Business section 35, semi-business 7, and residential section one.KingstonLos Angeles1,50052 for hand sweeping and for flushing all kinds of pavement.5 times daily for congested and once daily for residential hand sweeping all kinds of pavement. 3 times daily for congested, and one and one-half times daily for residential flushing all kinds of pavement.Louisville52 weeks.Lowell52 weeks.Lynn52 weeks.Business section twice a day; residential section once a week.Lackawanna32 weeks.Little Falls32 weeks.Six for hand sweeping all kinds of pavement.Milwaukee75,423[11]Varies.From one to six, depending upon districts.Middletown32 weeks.41,300 S. Y. daily; balance twice a week.MechanicvilleFrom 30 to 35.6 times for hand sweeping smooth.New York City15,62552 for hand sweeping, machine sweeping, hand and machine sweeping, and sweeping and flushing smooth and rough pavements.Nineteen for hand sweeping smooth and rough, 27 for eight months for machine sweeping smooth and rough; number for hand and machine sweeping and sweeping and flushing smooth and rough depends on weather.New Orleans52 weeks.Six, excluding rainy days.New Bedford42 for hand and machine sweeping smooth and rough.Newark2,0011,50038852 for hand sweeping all kinds.2 for hand sweeping all kinds.Norwich25 weeks.Once a week.New Rochelle7252 weeks.Six times a week.Niagara Falls15030 weeks.Sweeping and flushing smooth once.Newburgh4834 weeks.Twelve times for hand sweeping smooth and rough.Oakland31,276[8]170288All cleaning continuous with reduced force on rainy days and irregular force on macadam cleaning. No machine sweeping on rainy days, which are equal to five to ten weeks a year.Six times for hand sweeping smooth and rough, from one to four times per year for hand sweeping macadam, four times for machine sweeping smooth and rough.Oswego36 times for hand sweeping all kinds of pavements; 36 times for machine sweeping smooth pavement, and 30 times for sweeping and flushing rough pavement.OgdensburgStreets not paved 2 cleanings a year; sections most traveled cleaned with sweeper twice during summer season also. Patrol system in business section also flushed twice a week.Philadelphia51,961[8]377,345[8]52 for hand sweeping and 45 for machine sweeping all kinds of pavements.One for hand sweeping macadam, from two to six for machine sweeping smooth and rough, and sweeping and flushing all kinds of pavement.Providence52 times for hand sweeping smooth, 8 times a month for hand sweeping macadam and machine sweeping rough.Six times for hand sweeping smooth; 6 times a year for hand sweeping macadam, and once for machine sweeping rough.RochesterRough swept by hand 3 to 6 times a week; macadam swept by hand once a week; rough machine swept from once to three times a week. Smooth swept and flushed 3 to 6 times a week.Rensselaer27 weeks.From once to twice a week.ReadingTwice a week.RichmondSt. Louis1,000 a day.52 weeks.Business daily, residential once a week.San Francisco[12]52 weeks.Once.Salt Lake City24 a day.10 a month hand sweeping smooth, 3 times a year hand sweeping macadam.SpringfieldSeattle52 weeks.Business six, semi-business 3, residential from one to two.ScrantonTroy33 for machine sweeping macadam, and 33 for hand and machine sweeping smooth; 33 for sweeping and flushing rough.Two for machine sweeping macadam and rough; 6 for flushing smooth.Utica32 weeks.From 3 to 6.Washington8,60263,24229,08952 for hand sweeping, machine sweeping and flushing and sweeping all kinds of pavement.Six for hand sweeping smooth and rough; ⅗ for hand sweeping macadam, 3 for machine sweeping smooth and rough, and 2 for sweeping and flushing smooth and rough.
Table I (e)STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)ForceMethods of Cleaning UsedCityNumber of Foremen and InspectorsWage and Hours Daily[14]Number of Mechanics and Skilled LaborersWages and Hours Daily[14]Number of TeamsCost and Hours Daily[14]Number of Unskilled EmployeesWage and Hours DailyAll Others EmployedSweepingFlushingSqueegeeingMachineHandHoseMachineBuffalo22$2.50–3.0019$2.50–4.00100$4.00139$2.00Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, cobble, asphalt, block, bituminous.Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, concrete, bitulithic, asphaltic concrete, macadam, cobble, asphalt block and bituminous.Asphalt, rough block, brick.No.No.Beacon131.75Binghamton13.0074.50182.00Brick, concrete, bitulithic.Brick, concrete, bitulithic, macadam.Brick, concrete, bitulithic.Cincinnati820.00 Wk.103.50–5.00602.192612.25–2.756Macadam and cobble.Macadam and cobble.Sheet, rough block, brick, wood block, bitulithic, bituminous.Cambridge22.758City teams.402.50Smooth pavements frequently.Smooth pavements frequently.Smooth pavements occasionally during summer.Chicago1122.60–2.851656.001,8002.35None.All.None except sidewalks.Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, concrete, smooth block.Sheet asphalt.Camden193.32 Mo.1220Yes.Yes.Yes.ColumbusYes.Yes.Yes.ClevelandYes.Yes.Cortland11.753 single.2.5041.75Yes.DunkirkBrick, asphalt and concrete.Denver475.00 Mo.32.50405.00702.50Elmira12.505 double 1 single.4.00 double 3.00 single.121.75Asphalt and brick.Asphalt, rough block, brick and wood block.Fall River13.5043.75572.40Yes.Rough block.Grand RapidsYes.HudsonBrick and macadam.Jamestown25.5082.00Brick, wood block, bitulithic asphalt block, bituminous.Yes.Kansas City2475.00 Mo.33.00–3.50305.002252.2518All.All.All.KingstonYes.Yes.Los Angeles1100.00–125.00 Mo.23.00–3.50895.003332.50All.All hills.All except hills.Louisville252.00–3.00 9 hrs.664.00 9 hrs.1.75Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.Lowell7.502.25Smooth block.Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, concrete, bitulithic, macadam, smooth block, bituminous.Lynn13.2025.38262.50All.Lackawanna102.50–3.00102.75–3.2544.75351.853Brick and macadam.Brick and Macadam.Little Falls12.0014.5071.75All.Milwaukee271,000.00–1,900.00 Yr..45¢. hr.5.002.00Sheet asphalt, brick, concrete, bitulithic, asphaltic concrete, macadam.Same as machine.None.Sheet asphalt, rough block, wood block.Sheet asphalt, bitulithic, asphaltic concrete.Middletown12.2513.5042.00Yes.Yes.Mechanicville12.254.00551.602Concrete, brick, bituminous.New York City1341,212.00–1,380.00 Yr.3.00–3.505.002.50Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block, smooth block, cobble, asphalt block, bituminous, iron slag.Same as machine.Same as sweeping.Same as sweeping except cobble.Sheet asphalt, wood block, smooth block, asphalt block.New Orleans2775.00 Mo. 9 hrs.93City teams.3402.00None.Sheet asphalt, wood block, concrete, bitulithic.Rough block, cobble.Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, concrete, bitulithic.None.New Bedford13.502652.25Sheet asphalt.Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block.Same as hand sweeping.Newark153.8335 double 34 single.4.80 double 3.20 single.30010.00 Wk.All.Will start soon.Norwich2–65.004–61.60Yes.No.Yes.No.No.New Rochelle5.50All.Niagara Falls63.00305.00502.00Yes.Yes.Yes.Newburgh180.00 Mo.1 single 1 double 3 hrs. day.2.75 single 75¢. hr. double.182.00Yes.Yes.Yes.Oakland2110.00 Mo.26.00372.50[13]Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, asphaltic concrete, smooth block.Sheet asphalt, macadam, smooth block, bituminous.Sheet asphalt occasionally.Oswego4–64.00–5.601.60–2.00Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block.Sheet asphalt, wood block, macadam, bituminous.Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick.Ogdensburg22.00–2.5022.504.001.75Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.No.Philadelphia802.50 9–10 hrs.2295.50 9–10 hrs.1,020–1,1401.75 9–10 hrs.Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, smooth block, cobble, asphaltic block, miscellaneous.Bitulithic, asphaltic concrete, macadam, bituminous.Concrete.Rough block, brick, smooth block.Sheet asphalt, wood block.Providence5473.00 9 hrs.2002.00 9 hrs.Rough block.Sheet asphalt, brick, wood block, bitulithic, macadam, smooth block, bituminous.Rochester20–252.0015–184.804001.75–2.00Rough block, brick, cobble.Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, wood block, bitulithic, macadam, cobble, bituminous.Sheet asphalt, rough block, brick, bitulithic, bituminous.Same as hose.None.Rensselaer232.007Yes.ReadingYes.Richmond62.62½ 9 hrs.32.75 9 hrs.1802.25 9 hrs.3St. Louis5075.00 Mo.1774.006751.5012San Francisco223.5033.75676.501633.0012Yes.Yes.Yes.Yes.Salt Lake City43.2014.00204.50242.2570Yes.Yes.Springfield14.00165.601052.40Yes.Yes.Yes.Seattle2090.00–115.00 Mo.3.00City teams.3.00Plank roads.All except plank roads.No.ScrantonYes.Yes.Yes.Troy22.0033.0083.4622.00Rough block, brick, macadam.Sheet asphalt, bitulithic, smooth block.Utica713027Yes.Yes.Yes.Washington19720–1,300704061.50–2.5011All except dirt.All.None.Rough, smooth and asphalt block, brick, cobble.Sheet asphalt, brick, asphaltic concrete, smooth and asphalt block.