1See the notes to the historical sketch.↑2Barton, Benj. S., New Views on the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America, p. xlv, passim; Phila., 1797; Gallatin, Albert, Synopsis of Indian Tribes, Trans. American Antiquarian Society,ii, p. 91; Cambridge, 1836; Hewitt, J. N. B., The Cherokee an Iroquoian Language, Washington, 1887 (MS in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology).↑3Heckewelder, John, Indian Nations of Pennsylvania, pp. 47–49, ed. 1876.↑4Brinton, D. G., Walam Olum, p. 231; Phila., 1885.↑5Schoolcraft, H. R., Notes on the Iroquois, p. 162; Albany, 1847.↑6Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 47, ed. 1876.↑7Haywood, John, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 225–226; Nashville, 1823.↑8Jefferson, Thomas, Notes on Virginia, pp. 136–137; ed. Boston, 1802.↑9Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois, p. 163, 1847.↑10Haywood, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 233, 236, 269, 1823.↑11Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 226, 234, 1823.↑12Bartram, Wm., Travels, p. 365; reprint, London, 1792.↑13Haywood, op. cit., pp. 234–237.↑14Barton, New Views, p. xliv, 1797.↑15Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 166, 234–235, 287–289, 1823.↑16See story, “The Great Leech of Tlanusi′yĭ,” p. 328.↑17Garcilaso de la Vega, La Florida del Inca, pp. 129, 133–134; Madrid, 1723.↑18Gentleman of Elvas, Publications of the Hakluyt Society,ix, pp. 52, 58, 64; London, 1851.↑19Ibid., p. 60.↑20Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 136, ed. 1723.↑21Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia General y Natural de las Indias, i, p. 562; Madrid, 1851.↑22Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p.137, 1723.↑23See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑24Ranjel, op. cit.,I, p. 562.↑25Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 61, 1851.↑26Garcilaso, op. cit., p. 139.↑27Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia,I, p. 563, 1861.↑28Elvas, Biedma, and Ranjel all make special reference to the dogs given them at this place; they seem to have been of the same small breed (“perrillos”) which Ranjel says the Indians used for food.↑29Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 139, 1723.↑30See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑31See Elvas, Hakluyt Society,ix, p. 61, 1851; and Ranjel, op. cit., p. 563.↑32See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑33Elvas, op. cit., p.64.↑34Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 66, 1851.↑35Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 141, ed. 1723.↑36Shea, J. G., in Winsor, Justin, Narrative and Critical History of America,II, pp. 260, 278; Boston, 1886.↑37Narrative of Pardo’s expedition by Martinez, about 1568, Brooks manuscripts.↑38Vandera narrative, 1569, in French, B. F., Hist. Colls. of La., new series, pp. 289–292; New York, 1875.↑39Shea, J. G., Catholic Missions, p. 72; New York, 1855.↑40See Brooks manuscripts, in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology.↑41Burk, John, History of Virginia,II, pp. 104–107; Petersburg, 1805.↑42Ramsey, J. G. M., Annals of Tennessee, p. 37; Charleston, 1853 (quoting Martin, North Carolina,I, p. 115, 1853).↑43Lederer, John, Discoveries, pp. 15, 26, 27, 29, 33, and map; reprint, Charleston, 1891; Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East (Bulletinof Bureau of Ethnology), pp. 53–54,1894.↑44Mooney, op. cit., pp. 34–35.↑45Document of 1699, quoted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 209; Charleston, 1857.↑46Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, p. 233, 1823.↑47Noted in Cherokee Advocate, Tahlequah, Indian Territory, January 30, 1845.↑48Document of 1691, South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 126.↑49Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 127, 1778.↑50Documents of 1705, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 904; Raleigh, 1886.↑51Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Tenn., p. 237, 1823; with the usual idea that Indians live to extreme old age, Haywood makes her 110 years old at her death, putting back the introduction of firearms to 1677.↑52Letter of 1708, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 238, 1856.↑53Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 140, 1888; Hewat, op. cit., p. 216 et passim.↑54Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 216 et passim, 1778.↑55See Journal of Colonel George Chicken, 1715–16, with notes, in Charleston Yearbook, pp. 313–354, 1894.↑56Journal of South Carolina Assembly, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, pp. 225–227, 1886.↑57For notice, see theglossary.↑58Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, pp. 297–298, 1778; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 144 and map, 1888.↑59Royce, op. cit., p. 142.↑60Document of 1724, in Fernow, Berthold, Ohio Valley in Colonial Days, pp. 273–275; Albany, 1890.↑61Report of Board of Trade, 1721, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑62Adair, James, American Indians, p. 227; London, 1775.↑63Board of Trade report, 1721, North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑64Pickett, H. A., History of Alabama, pp. 234, 280, 288; reprint, Sheffield, 1896.↑65For notice, see theglossary.↑66Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,II, pp. 3–11, 1779; treaty documents of 1730, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 128–133, 1886; Jenkinson, Collection of Treaties,II, pp. 315–318; Drake, S.G., Early History of Georgia: Cuming’s Embassy; Boston, 1872; letter of Governor Johnson, December 27, 1730, noted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 246, 1867.↑67Documents of 1731 and 1732, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 153, 202, 345, 369, 393, 1886.↑68Adair, American Indians, pp. 232–234, 1775.↑69Meadows(?), State of the Province of Georgia, p. 7, 1742, in Force Tracts,I, 1836.↑70Jones, C.C., History of Georgia,I, pp.327, 328; Boston, 1883.↑71Adair, American Indians, pp. 240–243, 1775; Stevens, W. B., History of Georgia,I, pp. 104–107; Phila., 1847.↑72Anonymous writer in Carroll, Hist. Colls. of South Carolina,II, pp. 97–98, 517, 1836.↑73Buckle, Journal, 1757, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 57, 1856.↑74Barcia, A.G., Ensayo Chronologico para la Historia General de la Florida, pp. 335, 336. Madrid, 1723.↑75For more in regard to these intertribal wars see the historical traditions.↑76Walker, Thomas, Journal of an Exploration, etc., pp. 8, 35–37; Boston, 1888; Monette (Valley of the Miss.I, p. 317; New York, 1848) erroneously makes the second date 1758.↑77Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1755, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, pp. 320, 321, 1887.↑78Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 50–52, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑79Timberlake, Henry, Memoirs, pp. 73, 74; London, 1765.↑80Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 51, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Kept. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑81For notice see Ătă′-gûl′ʻkălû′, in theglossary.↑82Ramsey, op. cit., p. 50.↑83Letters of Major Andrew Lewis and Governor Dinwiddie, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial RecordsV, pp. 585, 612–614, 635, 637, 1887; Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 51, 52.↑84Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. 604, 1887.↑85Dinwiddie letter, 1757, ibid., p. 765.↑86Adair, American Indians, 245–246, 1775; North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. xlviii, 1887; Hewat, quoted in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 54, 1853.↑87For notices see theglossary.↑88Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 65, 1765.↑89Catawba reference from Milligan, 1763, in Carroll, South Carolina Historical Collections,II, p. 519, 1836.↑90Figures from Adair, American Indians, p. 227, 1775. When not otherwise noted this sketch of the Cherokee war of 1760–61 is compiled chiefly from the contemporary dispatches in the Gentleman’s Magazine, supplemented from Hewat’s Historical account of South Carolina and Georgia, 1778; with additional details from Adair, American Indians; Ramsey, Tennessee; Royce, Cherokee Nation; North Carolina Colonial Records, v, documents and introduction; etc.↑91Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 9 et passim, 1765.↑92Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 26–29, 1859.↑93Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 65–70, 1853.↑94Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, pp. 146–149, 1888.↑95Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., p. 149; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 71, 1853.↑96Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 93–122; Royce, op. cit. pp. 146–149.↑97Ramsey, op. cit., pp, 109–122; Royce, op. cit. p. 146 et passim.↑98Bartram, Travels, pp. 366–372, 1792.↑99Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 143–150, 1853; Monette, Valley of the Mississippi,I, pp. 400, 401, 431, 432, andII, pp. 33, 34, 1846; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 276–281, andII, pp. 1–6, 1889.↑100Ramsey, op. cit., p. 143.↑101Quoted from Stedman, in Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑102Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑103Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 150–159, 1853.↑104Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 293–297, 1889.↑105See no. 110, “Incidents of Personal Heroism.” For Rutherford’s expedition, see Moore, Rutherford’s Expedition, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, ibid., May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 294–302, 1889, etc.↑106For Williamson’s expedition, see Ross Journal, with Rockwell’s notes, in Historical Magazine, October, 1876; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, in North Carolina University Magazine for May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Jones, Georgia, II, p. 246 et passim, 1883; Ramsey, Tennessee, 163–164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 296–303, 1889.↑107Jones, op. cit., p. 246; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 163; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 295.↑108For the Virginia-Tennessee expedition see Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 303–305, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 165–170, 1853.↑109Ross Journal, in Historical Magazine, October, 1867.↑110Swain, Sketch of the Indian War of 1776, in Historical Magazine, November, 1867.↑111Moore’s narrative, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888.↑112Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 285, 290, 303, 1889.↑113About five hundred sought refuge with Stuart, the British Indian superintendent in Florida, where they were fed for some time at the expense of the British government (Jones, Georgia,II, p. 246, 1883).↑114Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 150 and map, 1888; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 172–174, 1853; Stevens, Georgia,II, p. 144, 1859; Roosevelt, “Winning of the West,I, p. 306, 1889.↑115Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 171–177, 185–186, 610 et passim; Royce, op. cit., p. 150; Campbell letter, 1782, and other documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 271, 571, 599, 1883, andIV, pp. 118, 286, 1884; Blount letter, January 14, 1793, American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, p. 431, 1832. Campbell says they abandoned their first location on account of the invasion from Tennessee. Governor Blount says they left on account of witches.↑116Hawkins, manuscript journal, 1796, with Georgia Historical Society.↑117Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 174–178, 1853.↑118Campbell letter, 1782, Virginia State Papers,III, p. 271, 1883.↑119Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 186–188; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 236–238, 1889. Ramsey’s statements, chiefly on Haywood’s authority, of the strength of the expedition, the number of warriors killed, etc., are so evidently overdrawn that they are here omitted.↑120Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 827, reprint of 1876.↑121Donelson’s Journal, etc., in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 197–208, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 324–340, 1889.↑122Ibid.,II, p. 337.↑123Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 241–294, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 208–249, 1853.↑124Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 256.↑125Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 298–300, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 261–264, 1853. There is great discrepancy in the various accounts of this fight, from the attempts of interested historians to magnify the size of the victory. One writer gives the Indians 1,000 warriors. Here, as elsewhere, Roosevelt is a more reliable guide, his statements being usually from official documents.↑126Roosevelt, op. cit., pp. 300–304; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 265–268; Campbell, report, January 15, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 436. Haywood and others after him make the expedition go as far as Chickamauga and Coosa river, but Campbell’s report expressly denies this.↑127Ramsey, op. cit., p. 266.↑128Roosevelt, op. cit, p. 302.↑129Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875; Martin, letter, March 31, 1781, ibid., p. 613; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 268, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 305–307, 1889.↑130Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875.↑131Ramsey, op. cit., p. 269.↑132Ibid.; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 307.↑133Ibid.; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 267, 268. The latter authority seems to make it 1782, which is evidently a mistake.↑134Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 282–285, 1859; Jones, Georgia,II, p. 503, 1883.↑135Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 811, 1889.↑136Old Tassel’s talk, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 271, 1853, and in Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 315.↑137Ramsey, op. cit., p. 272; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 317 et passim.↑138Stevens, op. cit., pp. 411–415.↑139Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 151, 1888.↑140See documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 234, 398, 527, 1883.↑141Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 280, 1853.↑142Ibid., p. 276.↑143See Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., pp. 151, 152; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 299 et passim.↑144Indian Treaties, p. 8 et passim, 1837. For a full discussion of the Hopewell treaty, from official documents, see Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 152–158, 1888, with map; Treaty Journal, etc., American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, pp. 38–44, 1832; also Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 417–429, 1859; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 336, 337, 1853; see also the map accompanying this work.↑145Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 459–461; Agent Martin and Hopewell commissioners, ibid., pp. 318–336; Bledsoe and Robertson letter, ibid., p. 465; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 368, 1899.↑146Roosevelt, Winning of the West, ii, p. 353, 1889.↑147Ibid., p. 355, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 452–454, 1853.↑148Ibid., pp. 358–366, 1889.↑149Ibid., p. 341, 1853.↑150Martin letter of May 11, 1786, ibid., p. 342.↑151Reports of Tennessee commissioners and replies by Cherokee chiefs, etc., 1786, in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 343–346, 1853.↑152Martin (?) letter of March 25, 1787, ibid., p. 359.↑153Ibid., p. 370.↑154Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 393–399, 1853.↑155Ibid., pp. 417–423, 1853.↑156Ibid., pp. 517–519, and Brown’s narrative, ibid., p. 515.↑157Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 515, 519.↑158Brown’s narrative, etc., ibid., pp. 508–516.↑159Ibid., pp. 459, 489.↑160Bledsoe and Robertson letter of June 12, 1787, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 465, 1853.↑161Ibid., with Robertson letter, pp. 465–476.↑162Ibid., pp. 479–486.↑163Monette, Valley of the Mississippi, I, p. 505, 1846.↑164Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 522, 541, 561, 1853.↑165Washington to the Senate, August 11, 1790, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 83, 1832.↑166Secretary Knox to President Washington, July 7, 1789, ibid., p. 53.↑167Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 550, 551.↑168Indian Treaties, pp. 34–38, 1837; Secretary of War, report, January 5, 1798, in American State Papers, I, pp. 628–631, 1832; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 554–560, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 158–170, with full discussion and map, 1888.↑169Indian Treaties, pp. 37, 38, 1837.↑170Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 557, 1853.↑171Abel deposition, April 16, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 274, 1832.↑172Henry Knox, Secretary of War, Instructions to Leonard Shaw, temporary agent to the Cherokee Nation of Indians, February 17, 1792, in American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, 247, 1832; also Knox, letters to Governor Blount, January 31 and February 16, 1792, ibid., pp. 245, 246.↑173Estanaula conference report, June 26, 1792, ibid., p. 271; Deraque, deposition, September 15, 1792, ibid., p. 292; Pickens, letter, September 12, 1792, ibid., p. 317.↑174See letters of Shaw, Casey, Pickens, and Blount, 1792–93, ibid., pp. 277, 278, 317, 436, 437, 440.↑175Knox, instructions to Shaw, February 17, 1792, ibid., p. 247; Blount, letter, March 20, 1792, ibid., p. 263; Knox, letters, October 9, 1792, ibid., pp. 261, 262.↑176Governor Telfair’s letters of November 14 and December 5, with inclosure, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, pp. 332, 336, 337, 1832.↑177Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 562–663, 598, 1853.↑
1See the notes to the historical sketch.↑2Barton, Benj. S., New Views on the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America, p. xlv, passim; Phila., 1797; Gallatin, Albert, Synopsis of Indian Tribes, Trans. American Antiquarian Society,ii, p. 91; Cambridge, 1836; Hewitt, J. N. B., The Cherokee an Iroquoian Language, Washington, 1887 (MS in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology).↑3Heckewelder, John, Indian Nations of Pennsylvania, pp. 47–49, ed. 1876.↑4Brinton, D. G., Walam Olum, p. 231; Phila., 1885.↑5Schoolcraft, H. R., Notes on the Iroquois, p. 162; Albany, 1847.↑6Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 47, ed. 1876.↑7Haywood, John, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 225–226; Nashville, 1823.↑8Jefferson, Thomas, Notes on Virginia, pp. 136–137; ed. Boston, 1802.↑9Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois, p. 163, 1847.↑10Haywood, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 233, 236, 269, 1823.↑11Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 226, 234, 1823.↑12Bartram, Wm., Travels, p. 365; reprint, London, 1792.↑13Haywood, op. cit., pp. 234–237.↑14Barton, New Views, p. xliv, 1797.↑15Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 166, 234–235, 287–289, 1823.↑16See story, “The Great Leech of Tlanusi′yĭ,” p. 328.↑17Garcilaso de la Vega, La Florida del Inca, pp. 129, 133–134; Madrid, 1723.↑18Gentleman of Elvas, Publications of the Hakluyt Society,ix, pp. 52, 58, 64; London, 1851.↑19Ibid., p. 60.↑20Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 136, ed. 1723.↑21Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia General y Natural de las Indias, i, p. 562; Madrid, 1851.↑22Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p.137, 1723.↑23See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑24Ranjel, op. cit.,I, p. 562.↑25Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 61, 1851.↑26Garcilaso, op. cit., p. 139.↑27Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia,I, p. 563, 1861.↑28Elvas, Biedma, and Ranjel all make special reference to the dogs given them at this place; they seem to have been of the same small breed (“perrillos”) which Ranjel says the Indians used for food.↑29Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 139, 1723.↑30See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑31See Elvas, Hakluyt Society,ix, p. 61, 1851; and Ranjel, op. cit., p. 563.↑32See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑33Elvas, op. cit., p.64.↑34Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 66, 1851.↑35Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 141, ed. 1723.↑36Shea, J. G., in Winsor, Justin, Narrative and Critical History of America,II, pp. 260, 278; Boston, 1886.↑37Narrative of Pardo’s expedition by Martinez, about 1568, Brooks manuscripts.↑38Vandera narrative, 1569, in French, B. F., Hist. Colls. of La., new series, pp. 289–292; New York, 1875.↑39Shea, J. G., Catholic Missions, p. 72; New York, 1855.↑40See Brooks manuscripts, in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology.↑41Burk, John, History of Virginia,II, pp. 104–107; Petersburg, 1805.↑42Ramsey, J. G. M., Annals of Tennessee, p. 37; Charleston, 1853 (quoting Martin, North Carolina,I, p. 115, 1853).↑43Lederer, John, Discoveries, pp. 15, 26, 27, 29, 33, and map; reprint, Charleston, 1891; Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East (Bulletinof Bureau of Ethnology), pp. 53–54,1894.↑44Mooney, op. cit., pp. 34–35.↑45Document of 1699, quoted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 209; Charleston, 1857.↑46Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, p. 233, 1823.↑47Noted in Cherokee Advocate, Tahlequah, Indian Territory, January 30, 1845.↑48Document of 1691, South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 126.↑49Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 127, 1778.↑50Documents of 1705, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 904; Raleigh, 1886.↑51Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Tenn., p. 237, 1823; with the usual idea that Indians live to extreme old age, Haywood makes her 110 years old at her death, putting back the introduction of firearms to 1677.↑52Letter of 1708, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 238, 1856.↑53Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 140, 1888; Hewat, op. cit., p. 216 et passim.↑54Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 216 et passim, 1778.↑55See Journal of Colonel George Chicken, 1715–16, with notes, in Charleston Yearbook, pp. 313–354, 1894.↑56Journal of South Carolina Assembly, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, pp. 225–227, 1886.↑57For notice, see theglossary.↑58Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, pp. 297–298, 1778; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 144 and map, 1888.↑59Royce, op. cit., p. 142.↑60Document of 1724, in Fernow, Berthold, Ohio Valley in Colonial Days, pp. 273–275; Albany, 1890.↑61Report of Board of Trade, 1721, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑62Adair, James, American Indians, p. 227; London, 1775.↑63Board of Trade report, 1721, North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑64Pickett, H. A., History of Alabama, pp. 234, 280, 288; reprint, Sheffield, 1896.↑65For notice, see theglossary.↑66Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,II, pp. 3–11, 1779; treaty documents of 1730, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 128–133, 1886; Jenkinson, Collection of Treaties,II, pp. 315–318; Drake, S.G., Early History of Georgia: Cuming’s Embassy; Boston, 1872; letter of Governor Johnson, December 27, 1730, noted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 246, 1867.↑67Documents of 1731 and 1732, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 153, 202, 345, 369, 393, 1886.↑68Adair, American Indians, pp. 232–234, 1775.↑69Meadows(?), State of the Province of Georgia, p. 7, 1742, in Force Tracts,I, 1836.↑70Jones, C.C., History of Georgia,I, pp.327, 328; Boston, 1883.↑71Adair, American Indians, pp. 240–243, 1775; Stevens, W. B., History of Georgia,I, pp. 104–107; Phila., 1847.↑72Anonymous writer in Carroll, Hist. Colls. of South Carolina,II, pp. 97–98, 517, 1836.↑73Buckle, Journal, 1757, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 57, 1856.↑74Barcia, A.G., Ensayo Chronologico para la Historia General de la Florida, pp. 335, 336. Madrid, 1723.↑75For more in regard to these intertribal wars see the historical traditions.↑76Walker, Thomas, Journal of an Exploration, etc., pp. 8, 35–37; Boston, 1888; Monette (Valley of the Miss.I, p. 317; New York, 1848) erroneously makes the second date 1758.↑77Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1755, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, pp. 320, 321, 1887.↑78Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 50–52, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑79Timberlake, Henry, Memoirs, pp. 73, 74; London, 1765.↑80Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 51, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Kept. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑81For notice see Ătă′-gûl′ʻkălû′, in theglossary.↑82Ramsey, op. cit., p. 50.↑83Letters of Major Andrew Lewis and Governor Dinwiddie, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial RecordsV, pp. 585, 612–614, 635, 637, 1887; Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 51, 52.↑84Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. 604, 1887.↑85Dinwiddie letter, 1757, ibid., p. 765.↑86Adair, American Indians, 245–246, 1775; North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. xlviii, 1887; Hewat, quoted in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 54, 1853.↑87For notices see theglossary.↑88Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 65, 1765.↑89Catawba reference from Milligan, 1763, in Carroll, South Carolina Historical Collections,II, p. 519, 1836.↑90Figures from Adair, American Indians, p. 227, 1775. When not otherwise noted this sketch of the Cherokee war of 1760–61 is compiled chiefly from the contemporary dispatches in the Gentleman’s Magazine, supplemented from Hewat’s Historical account of South Carolina and Georgia, 1778; with additional details from Adair, American Indians; Ramsey, Tennessee; Royce, Cherokee Nation; North Carolina Colonial Records, v, documents and introduction; etc.↑91Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 9 et passim, 1765.↑92Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 26–29, 1859.↑93Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 65–70, 1853.↑94Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, pp. 146–149, 1888.↑95Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., p. 149; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 71, 1853.↑96Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 93–122; Royce, op. cit. pp. 146–149.↑97Ramsey, op. cit., pp, 109–122; Royce, op. cit. p. 146 et passim.↑98Bartram, Travels, pp. 366–372, 1792.↑99Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 143–150, 1853; Monette, Valley of the Mississippi,I, pp. 400, 401, 431, 432, andII, pp. 33, 34, 1846; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 276–281, andII, pp. 1–6, 1889.↑100Ramsey, op. cit., p. 143.↑101Quoted from Stedman, in Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑102Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑103Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 150–159, 1853.↑104Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 293–297, 1889.↑105See no. 110, “Incidents of Personal Heroism.” For Rutherford’s expedition, see Moore, Rutherford’s Expedition, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, ibid., May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 294–302, 1889, etc.↑106For Williamson’s expedition, see Ross Journal, with Rockwell’s notes, in Historical Magazine, October, 1876; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, in North Carolina University Magazine for May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Jones, Georgia, II, p. 246 et passim, 1883; Ramsey, Tennessee, 163–164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 296–303, 1889.↑107Jones, op. cit., p. 246; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 163; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 295.↑108For the Virginia-Tennessee expedition see Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 303–305, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 165–170, 1853.↑109Ross Journal, in Historical Magazine, October, 1867.↑110Swain, Sketch of the Indian War of 1776, in Historical Magazine, November, 1867.↑111Moore’s narrative, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888.↑112Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 285, 290, 303, 1889.↑113About five hundred sought refuge with Stuart, the British Indian superintendent in Florida, where they were fed for some time at the expense of the British government (Jones, Georgia,II, p. 246, 1883).↑114Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 150 and map, 1888; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 172–174, 1853; Stevens, Georgia,II, p. 144, 1859; Roosevelt, “Winning of the West,I, p. 306, 1889.↑115Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 171–177, 185–186, 610 et passim; Royce, op. cit., p. 150; Campbell letter, 1782, and other documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 271, 571, 599, 1883, andIV, pp. 118, 286, 1884; Blount letter, January 14, 1793, American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, p. 431, 1832. Campbell says they abandoned their first location on account of the invasion from Tennessee. Governor Blount says they left on account of witches.↑116Hawkins, manuscript journal, 1796, with Georgia Historical Society.↑117Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 174–178, 1853.↑118Campbell letter, 1782, Virginia State Papers,III, p. 271, 1883.↑119Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 186–188; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 236–238, 1889. Ramsey’s statements, chiefly on Haywood’s authority, of the strength of the expedition, the number of warriors killed, etc., are so evidently overdrawn that they are here omitted.↑120Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 827, reprint of 1876.↑121Donelson’s Journal, etc., in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 197–208, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 324–340, 1889.↑122Ibid.,II, p. 337.↑123Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 241–294, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 208–249, 1853.↑124Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 256.↑125Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 298–300, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 261–264, 1853. There is great discrepancy in the various accounts of this fight, from the attempts of interested historians to magnify the size of the victory. One writer gives the Indians 1,000 warriors. Here, as elsewhere, Roosevelt is a more reliable guide, his statements being usually from official documents.↑126Roosevelt, op. cit., pp. 300–304; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 265–268; Campbell, report, January 15, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 436. Haywood and others after him make the expedition go as far as Chickamauga and Coosa river, but Campbell’s report expressly denies this.↑127Ramsey, op. cit., p. 266.↑128Roosevelt, op. cit, p. 302.↑129Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875; Martin, letter, March 31, 1781, ibid., p. 613; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 268, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 305–307, 1889.↑130Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875.↑131Ramsey, op. cit., p. 269.↑132Ibid.; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 307.↑133Ibid.; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 267, 268. The latter authority seems to make it 1782, which is evidently a mistake.↑134Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 282–285, 1859; Jones, Georgia,II, p. 503, 1883.↑135Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 811, 1889.↑136Old Tassel’s talk, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 271, 1853, and in Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 315.↑137Ramsey, op. cit., p. 272; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 317 et passim.↑138Stevens, op. cit., pp. 411–415.↑139Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 151, 1888.↑140See documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 234, 398, 527, 1883.↑141Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 280, 1853.↑142Ibid., p. 276.↑143See Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., pp. 151, 152; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 299 et passim.↑144Indian Treaties, p. 8 et passim, 1837. For a full discussion of the Hopewell treaty, from official documents, see Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 152–158, 1888, with map; Treaty Journal, etc., American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, pp. 38–44, 1832; also Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 417–429, 1859; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 336, 337, 1853; see also the map accompanying this work.↑145Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 459–461; Agent Martin and Hopewell commissioners, ibid., pp. 318–336; Bledsoe and Robertson letter, ibid., p. 465; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 368, 1899.↑146Roosevelt, Winning of the West, ii, p. 353, 1889.↑147Ibid., p. 355, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 452–454, 1853.↑148Ibid., pp. 358–366, 1889.↑149Ibid., p. 341, 1853.↑150Martin letter of May 11, 1786, ibid., p. 342.↑151Reports of Tennessee commissioners and replies by Cherokee chiefs, etc., 1786, in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 343–346, 1853.↑152Martin (?) letter of March 25, 1787, ibid., p. 359.↑153Ibid., p. 370.↑154Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 393–399, 1853.↑155Ibid., pp. 417–423, 1853.↑156Ibid., pp. 517–519, and Brown’s narrative, ibid., p. 515.↑157Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 515, 519.↑158Brown’s narrative, etc., ibid., pp. 508–516.↑159Ibid., pp. 459, 489.↑160Bledsoe and Robertson letter of June 12, 1787, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 465, 1853.↑161Ibid., with Robertson letter, pp. 465–476.↑162Ibid., pp. 479–486.↑163Monette, Valley of the Mississippi, I, p. 505, 1846.↑164Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 522, 541, 561, 1853.↑165Washington to the Senate, August 11, 1790, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 83, 1832.↑166Secretary Knox to President Washington, July 7, 1789, ibid., p. 53.↑167Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 550, 551.↑168Indian Treaties, pp. 34–38, 1837; Secretary of War, report, January 5, 1798, in American State Papers, I, pp. 628–631, 1832; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 554–560, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 158–170, with full discussion and map, 1888.↑169Indian Treaties, pp. 37, 38, 1837.↑170Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 557, 1853.↑171Abel deposition, April 16, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 274, 1832.↑172Henry Knox, Secretary of War, Instructions to Leonard Shaw, temporary agent to the Cherokee Nation of Indians, February 17, 1792, in American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, 247, 1832; also Knox, letters to Governor Blount, January 31 and February 16, 1792, ibid., pp. 245, 246.↑173Estanaula conference report, June 26, 1792, ibid., p. 271; Deraque, deposition, September 15, 1792, ibid., p. 292; Pickens, letter, September 12, 1792, ibid., p. 317.↑174See letters of Shaw, Casey, Pickens, and Blount, 1792–93, ibid., pp. 277, 278, 317, 436, 437, 440.↑175Knox, instructions to Shaw, February 17, 1792, ibid., p. 247; Blount, letter, March 20, 1792, ibid., p. 263; Knox, letters, October 9, 1792, ibid., pp. 261, 262.↑176Governor Telfair’s letters of November 14 and December 5, with inclosure, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, pp. 332, 336, 337, 1832.↑177Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 562–663, 598, 1853.↑
1See the notes to the historical sketch.↑2Barton, Benj. S., New Views on the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America, p. xlv, passim; Phila., 1797; Gallatin, Albert, Synopsis of Indian Tribes, Trans. American Antiquarian Society,ii, p. 91; Cambridge, 1836; Hewitt, J. N. B., The Cherokee an Iroquoian Language, Washington, 1887 (MS in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology).↑3Heckewelder, John, Indian Nations of Pennsylvania, pp. 47–49, ed. 1876.↑4Brinton, D. G., Walam Olum, p. 231; Phila., 1885.↑5Schoolcraft, H. R., Notes on the Iroquois, p. 162; Albany, 1847.↑6Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 47, ed. 1876.↑7Haywood, John, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 225–226; Nashville, 1823.↑8Jefferson, Thomas, Notes on Virginia, pp. 136–137; ed. Boston, 1802.↑9Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois, p. 163, 1847.↑10Haywood, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 233, 236, 269, 1823.↑11Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 226, 234, 1823.↑12Bartram, Wm., Travels, p. 365; reprint, London, 1792.↑13Haywood, op. cit., pp. 234–237.↑14Barton, New Views, p. xliv, 1797.↑15Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 166, 234–235, 287–289, 1823.↑16See story, “The Great Leech of Tlanusi′yĭ,” p. 328.↑17Garcilaso de la Vega, La Florida del Inca, pp. 129, 133–134; Madrid, 1723.↑18Gentleman of Elvas, Publications of the Hakluyt Society,ix, pp. 52, 58, 64; London, 1851.↑19Ibid., p. 60.↑20Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 136, ed. 1723.↑21Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia General y Natural de las Indias, i, p. 562; Madrid, 1851.↑22Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p.137, 1723.↑23See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑24Ranjel, op. cit.,I, p. 562.↑25Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 61, 1851.↑26Garcilaso, op. cit., p. 139.↑27Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia,I, p. 563, 1861.↑28Elvas, Biedma, and Ranjel all make special reference to the dogs given them at this place; they seem to have been of the same small breed (“perrillos”) which Ranjel says the Indians used for food.↑29Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 139, 1723.↑30See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑31See Elvas, Hakluyt Society,ix, p. 61, 1851; and Ranjel, op. cit., p. 563.↑32See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑33Elvas, op. cit., p.64.↑34Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 66, 1851.↑35Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 141, ed. 1723.↑36Shea, J. G., in Winsor, Justin, Narrative and Critical History of America,II, pp. 260, 278; Boston, 1886.↑37Narrative of Pardo’s expedition by Martinez, about 1568, Brooks manuscripts.↑38Vandera narrative, 1569, in French, B. F., Hist. Colls. of La., new series, pp. 289–292; New York, 1875.↑39Shea, J. G., Catholic Missions, p. 72; New York, 1855.↑40See Brooks manuscripts, in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology.↑41Burk, John, History of Virginia,II, pp. 104–107; Petersburg, 1805.↑42Ramsey, J. G. M., Annals of Tennessee, p. 37; Charleston, 1853 (quoting Martin, North Carolina,I, p. 115, 1853).↑43Lederer, John, Discoveries, pp. 15, 26, 27, 29, 33, and map; reprint, Charleston, 1891; Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East (Bulletinof Bureau of Ethnology), pp. 53–54,1894.↑44Mooney, op. cit., pp. 34–35.↑45Document of 1699, quoted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 209; Charleston, 1857.↑46Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, p. 233, 1823.↑47Noted in Cherokee Advocate, Tahlequah, Indian Territory, January 30, 1845.↑48Document of 1691, South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 126.↑49Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 127, 1778.↑50Documents of 1705, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 904; Raleigh, 1886.↑51Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Tenn., p. 237, 1823; with the usual idea that Indians live to extreme old age, Haywood makes her 110 years old at her death, putting back the introduction of firearms to 1677.↑52Letter of 1708, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 238, 1856.↑53Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 140, 1888; Hewat, op. cit., p. 216 et passim.↑54Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 216 et passim, 1778.↑55See Journal of Colonel George Chicken, 1715–16, with notes, in Charleston Yearbook, pp. 313–354, 1894.↑56Journal of South Carolina Assembly, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, pp. 225–227, 1886.↑57For notice, see theglossary.↑58Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, pp. 297–298, 1778; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 144 and map, 1888.↑59Royce, op. cit., p. 142.↑60Document of 1724, in Fernow, Berthold, Ohio Valley in Colonial Days, pp. 273–275; Albany, 1890.↑61Report of Board of Trade, 1721, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑62Adair, James, American Indians, p. 227; London, 1775.↑63Board of Trade report, 1721, North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑64Pickett, H. A., History of Alabama, pp. 234, 280, 288; reprint, Sheffield, 1896.↑65For notice, see theglossary.↑66Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,II, pp. 3–11, 1779; treaty documents of 1730, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 128–133, 1886; Jenkinson, Collection of Treaties,II, pp. 315–318; Drake, S.G., Early History of Georgia: Cuming’s Embassy; Boston, 1872; letter of Governor Johnson, December 27, 1730, noted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 246, 1867.↑67Documents of 1731 and 1732, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 153, 202, 345, 369, 393, 1886.↑68Adair, American Indians, pp. 232–234, 1775.↑69Meadows(?), State of the Province of Georgia, p. 7, 1742, in Force Tracts,I, 1836.↑70Jones, C.C., History of Georgia,I, pp.327, 328; Boston, 1883.↑71Adair, American Indians, pp. 240–243, 1775; Stevens, W. B., History of Georgia,I, pp. 104–107; Phila., 1847.↑72Anonymous writer in Carroll, Hist. Colls. of South Carolina,II, pp. 97–98, 517, 1836.↑73Buckle, Journal, 1757, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 57, 1856.↑74Barcia, A.G., Ensayo Chronologico para la Historia General de la Florida, pp. 335, 336. Madrid, 1723.↑75For more in regard to these intertribal wars see the historical traditions.↑76Walker, Thomas, Journal of an Exploration, etc., pp. 8, 35–37; Boston, 1888; Monette (Valley of the Miss.I, p. 317; New York, 1848) erroneously makes the second date 1758.↑77Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1755, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, pp. 320, 321, 1887.↑78Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 50–52, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑79Timberlake, Henry, Memoirs, pp. 73, 74; London, 1765.↑80Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 51, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Kept. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑81For notice see Ătă′-gûl′ʻkălû′, in theglossary.↑82Ramsey, op. cit., p. 50.↑83Letters of Major Andrew Lewis and Governor Dinwiddie, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial RecordsV, pp. 585, 612–614, 635, 637, 1887; Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 51, 52.↑84Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. 604, 1887.↑85Dinwiddie letter, 1757, ibid., p. 765.↑86Adair, American Indians, 245–246, 1775; North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. xlviii, 1887; Hewat, quoted in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 54, 1853.↑87For notices see theglossary.↑88Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 65, 1765.↑89Catawba reference from Milligan, 1763, in Carroll, South Carolina Historical Collections,II, p. 519, 1836.↑90Figures from Adair, American Indians, p. 227, 1775. When not otherwise noted this sketch of the Cherokee war of 1760–61 is compiled chiefly from the contemporary dispatches in the Gentleman’s Magazine, supplemented from Hewat’s Historical account of South Carolina and Georgia, 1778; with additional details from Adair, American Indians; Ramsey, Tennessee; Royce, Cherokee Nation; North Carolina Colonial Records, v, documents and introduction; etc.↑91Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 9 et passim, 1765.↑92Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 26–29, 1859.↑93Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 65–70, 1853.↑94Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, pp. 146–149, 1888.↑95Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., p. 149; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 71, 1853.↑96Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 93–122; Royce, op. cit. pp. 146–149.↑97Ramsey, op. cit., pp, 109–122; Royce, op. cit. p. 146 et passim.↑98Bartram, Travels, pp. 366–372, 1792.↑99Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 143–150, 1853; Monette, Valley of the Mississippi,I, pp. 400, 401, 431, 432, andII, pp. 33, 34, 1846; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 276–281, andII, pp. 1–6, 1889.↑100Ramsey, op. cit., p. 143.↑101Quoted from Stedman, in Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑102Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑103Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 150–159, 1853.↑104Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 293–297, 1889.↑105See no. 110, “Incidents of Personal Heroism.” For Rutherford’s expedition, see Moore, Rutherford’s Expedition, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, ibid., May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 294–302, 1889, etc.↑106For Williamson’s expedition, see Ross Journal, with Rockwell’s notes, in Historical Magazine, October, 1876; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, in North Carolina University Magazine for May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Jones, Georgia, II, p. 246 et passim, 1883; Ramsey, Tennessee, 163–164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 296–303, 1889.↑107Jones, op. cit., p. 246; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 163; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 295.↑108For the Virginia-Tennessee expedition see Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 303–305, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 165–170, 1853.↑109Ross Journal, in Historical Magazine, October, 1867.↑110Swain, Sketch of the Indian War of 1776, in Historical Magazine, November, 1867.↑111Moore’s narrative, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888.↑112Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 285, 290, 303, 1889.↑113About five hundred sought refuge with Stuart, the British Indian superintendent in Florida, where they were fed for some time at the expense of the British government (Jones, Georgia,II, p. 246, 1883).↑114Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 150 and map, 1888; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 172–174, 1853; Stevens, Georgia,II, p. 144, 1859; Roosevelt, “Winning of the West,I, p. 306, 1889.↑115Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 171–177, 185–186, 610 et passim; Royce, op. cit., p. 150; Campbell letter, 1782, and other documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 271, 571, 599, 1883, andIV, pp. 118, 286, 1884; Blount letter, January 14, 1793, American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, p. 431, 1832. Campbell says they abandoned their first location on account of the invasion from Tennessee. Governor Blount says they left on account of witches.↑116Hawkins, manuscript journal, 1796, with Georgia Historical Society.↑117Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 174–178, 1853.↑118Campbell letter, 1782, Virginia State Papers,III, p. 271, 1883.↑119Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 186–188; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 236–238, 1889. Ramsey’s statements, chiefly on Haywood’s authority, of the strength of the expedition, the number of warriors killed, etc., are so evidently overdrawn that they are here omitted.↑120Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 827, reprint of 1876.↑121Donelson’s Journal, etc., in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 197–208, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 324–340, 1889.↑122Ibid.,II, p. 337.↑123Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 241–294, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 208–249, 1853.↑124Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 256.↑125Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 298–300, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 261–264, 1853. There is great discrepancy in the various accounts of this fight, from the attempts of interested historians to magnify the size of the victory. One writer gives the Indians 1,000 warriors. Here, as elsewhere, Roosevelt is a more reliable guide, his statements being usually from official documents.↑126Roosevelt, op. cit., pp. 300–304; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 265–268; Campbell, report, January 15, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 436. Haywood and others after him make the expedition go as far as Chickamauga and Coosa river, but Campbell’s report expressly denies this.↑127Ramsey, op. cit., p. 266.↑128Roosevelt, op. cit, p. 302.↑129Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875; Martin, letter, March 31, 1781, ibid., p. 613; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 268, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 305–307, 1889.↑130Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875.↑131Ramsey, op. cit., p. 269.↑132Ibid.; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 307.↑133Ibid.; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 267, 268. The latter authority seems to make it 1782, which is evidently a mistake.↑134Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 282–285, 1859; Jones, Georgia,II, p. 503, 1883.↑135Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 811, 1889.↑136Old Tassel’s talk, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 271, 1853, and in Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 315.↑137Ramsey, op. cit., p. 272; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 317 et passim.↑138Stevens, op. cit., pp. 411–415.↑139Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 151, 1888.↑140See documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 234, 398, 527, 1883.↑141Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 280, 1853.↑142Ibid., p. 276.↑143See Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., pp. 151, 152; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 299 et passim.↑144Indian Treaties, p. 8 et passim, 1837. For a full discussion of the Hopewell treaty, from official documents, see Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 152–158, 1888, with map; Treaty Journal, etc., American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, pp. 38–44, 1832; also Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 417–429, 1859; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 336, 337, 1853; see also the map accompanying this work.↑145Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 459–461; Agent Martin and Hopewell commissioners, ibid., pp. 318–336; Bledsoe and Robertson letter, ibid., p. 465; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 368, 1899.↑146Roosevelt, Winning of the West, ii, p. 353, 1889.↑147Ibid., p. 355, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 452–454, 1853.↑148Ibid., pp. 358–366, 1889.↑149Ibid., p. 341, 1853.↑150Martin letter of May 11, 1786, ibid., p. 342.↑151Reports of Tennessee commissioners and replies by Cherokee chiefs, etc., 1786, in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 343–346, 1853.↑152Martin (?) letter of March 25, 1787, ibid., p. 359.↑153Ibid., p. 370.↑154Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 393–399, 1853.↑155Ibid., pp. 417–423, 1853.↑156Ibid., pp. 517–519, and Brown’s narrative, ibid., p. 515.↑157Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 515, 519.↑158Brown’s narrative, etc., ibid., pp. 508–516.↑159Ibid., pp. 459, 489.↑160Bledsoe and Robertson letter of June 12, 1787, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 465, 1853.↑161Ibid., with Robertson letter, pp. 465–476.↑162Ibid., pp. 479–486.↑163Monette, Valley of the Mississippi, I, p. 505, 1846.↑164Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 522, 541, 561, 1853.↑165Washington to the Senate, August 11, 1790, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 83, 1832.↑166Secretary Knox to President Washington, July 7, 1789, ibid., p. 53.↑167Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 550, 551.↑168Indian Treaties, pp. 34–38, 1837; Secretary of War, report, January 5, 1798, in American State Papers, I, pp. 628–631, 1832; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 554–560, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 158–170, with full discussion and map, 1888.↑169Indian Treaties, pp. 37, 38, 1837.↑170Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 557, 1853.↑171Abel deposition, April 16, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 274, 1832.↑172Henry Knox, Secretary of War, Instructions to Leonard Shaw, temporary agent to the Cherokee Nation of Indians, February 17, 1792, in American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, 247, 1832; also Knox, letters to Governor Blount, January 31 and February 16, 1792, ibid., pp. 245, 246.↑173Estanaula conference report, June 26, 1792, ibid., p. 271; Deraque, deposition, September 15, 1792, ibid., p. 292; Pickens, letter, September 12, 1792, ibid., p. 317.↑174See letters of Shaw, Casey, Pickens, and Blount, 1792–93, ibid., pp. 277, 278, 317, 436, 437, 440.↑175Knox, instructions to Shaw, February 17, 1792, ibid., p. 247; Blount, letter, March 20, 1792, ibid., p. 263; Knox, letters, October 9, 1792, ibid., pp. 261, 262.↑176Governor Telfair’s letters of November 14 and December 5, with inclosure, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, pp. 332, 336, 337, 1832.↑177Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 562–663, 598, 1853.↑
1See the notes to the historical sketch.↑
2Barton, Benj. S., New Views on the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America, p. xlv, passim; Phila., 1797; Gallatin, Albert, Synopsis of Indian Tribes, Trans. American Antiquarian Society,ii, p. 91; Cambridge, 1836; Hewitt, J. N. B., The Cherokee an Iroquoian Language, Washington, 1887 (MS in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology).↑
3Heckewelder, John, Indian Nations of Pennsylvania, pp. 47–49, ed. 1876.↑
4Brinton, D. G., Walam Olum, p. 231; Phila., 1885.↑
5Schoolcraft, H. R., Notes on the Iroquois, p. 162; Albany, 1847.↑
6Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 47, ed. 1876.↑
7Haywood, John, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 225–226; Nashville, 1823.↑
8Jefferson, Thomas, Notes on Virginia, pp. 136–137; ed. Boston, 1802.↑
9Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois, p. 163, 1847.↑
10Haywood, Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, pp. 233, 236, 269, 1823.↑
11Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 226, 234, 1823.↑
12Bartram, Wm., Travels, p. 365; reprint, London, 1792.↑
13Haywood, op. cit., pp. 234–237.↑
14Barton, New Views, p. xliv, 1797.↑
15Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, pp. 166, 234–235, 287–289, 1823.↑
16See story, “The Great Leech of Tlanusi′yĭ,” p. 328.↑
17Garcilaso de la Vega, La Florida del Inca, pp. 129, 133–134; Madrid, 1723.↑
18Gentleman of Elvas, Publications of the Hakluyt Society,ix, pp. 52, 58, 64; London, 1851.↑
19Ibid., p. 60.↑
20Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 136, ed. 1723.↑
21Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia General y Natural de las Indias, i, p. 562; Madrid, 1851.↑
22Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p.137, 1723.↑
23See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑
24Ranjel, op. cit.,I, p. 562.↑
25Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 61, 1851.↑
26Garcilaso, op. cit., p. 139.↑
27Ranjel, in Oviedo, Historia,I, p. 563, 1861.↑
28Elvas, Biedma, and Ranjel all make special reference to the dogs given them at this place; they seem to have been of the same small breed (“perrillos”) which Ranjel says the Indians used for food.↑
29Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 139, 1723.↑
30See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑
31See Elvas, Hakluyt Society,ix, p. 61, 1851; and Ranjel, op. cit., p. 563.↑
32See note 8, De Soto’s route.↑
33Elvas, op. cit., p.64.↑
34Elvas, Hakluyt Society,IX, p. 66, 1851.↑
35Garcilaso, La Florida del Inca, p. 141, ed. 1723.↑
36Shea, J. G., in Winsor, Justin, Narrative and Critical History of America,II, pp. 260, 278; Boston, 1886.↑
37Narrative of Pardo’s expedition by Martinez, about 1568, Brooks manuscripts.↑
38Vandera narrative, 1569, in French, B. F., Hist. Colls. of La., new series, pp. 289–292; New York, 1875.↑
39Shea, J. G., Catholic Missions, p. 72; New York, 1855.↑
40See Brooks manuscripts, in the archives of the Bureau of American Ethnology.↑
41Burk, John, History of Virginia,II, pp. 104–107; Petersburg, 1805.↑
42Ramsey, J. G. M., Annals of Tennessee, p. 37; Charleston, 1853 (quoting Martin, North Carolina,I, p. 115, 1853).↑
43Lederer, John, Discoveries, pp. 15, 26, 27, 29, 33, and map; reprint, Charleston, 1891; Mooney, Siouan Tribes of the East (Bulletinof Bureau of Ethnology), pp. 53–54,1894.↑
44Mooney, op. cit., pp. 34–35.↑
45Document of 1699, quoted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 209; Charleston, 1857.↑
46Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Hist. Tennessee, p. 233, 1823.↑
47Noted in Cherokee Advocate, Tahlequah, Indian Territory, January 30, 1845.↑
48Document of 1691, South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 126.↑
49Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 127, 1778.↑
50Documents of 1705, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 904; Raleigh, 1886.↑
51Haywood, Nat. and Aborig. Tenn., p. 237, 1823; with the usual idea that Indians live to extreme old age, Haywood makes her 110 years old at her death, putting back the introduction of firearms to 1677.↑
52Letter of 1708, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 238, 1856.↑
53Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 140, 1888; Hewat, op. cit., p. 216 et passim.↑
54Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, p. 216 et passim, 1778.↑
55See Journal of Colonel George Chicken, 1715–16, with notes, in Charleston Yearbook, pp. 313–354, 1894.↑
56Journal of South Carolina Assembly, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, pp. 225–227, 1886.↑
57For notice, see theglossary.↑
58Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,I, pp. 297–298, 1778; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 144 and map, 1888.↑
59Royce, op. cit., p. 142.↑
60Document of 1724, in Fernow, Berthold, Ohio Valley in Colonial Days, pp. 273–275; Albany, 1890.↑
61Report of Board of Trade, 1721, in North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑
62Adair, James, American Indians, p. 227; London, 1775.↑
63Board of Trade report, 1721, North Carolina Colonial Records,II, p. 422, 1886.↑
64Pickett, H. A., History of Alabama, pp. 234, 280, 288; reprint, Sheffield, 1896.↑
65For notice, see theglossary.↑
66Hewat, South Carolina and Georgia,II, pp. 3–11, 1779; treaty documents of 1730, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 128–133, 1886; Jenkinson, Collection of Treaties,II, pp. 315–318; Drake, S.G., Early History of Georgia: Cuming’s Embassy; Boston, 1872; letter of Governor Johnson, December 27, 1730, noted in South Carolina Hist. Soc. Colls.,I, p. 246, 1867.↑
67Documents of 1731 and 1732, North Carolina Colonial Records,III, pp. 153, 202, 345, 369, 393, 1886.↑
68Adair, American Indians, pp. 232–234, 1775.↑
69Meadows(?), State of the Province of Georgia, p. 7, 1742, in Force Tracts,I, 1836.↑
70Jones, C.C., History of Georgia,I, pp.327, 328; Boston, 1883.↑
71Adair, American Indians, pp. 240–243, 1775; Stevens, W. B., History of Georgia,I, pp. 104–107; Phila., 1847.↑
72Anonymous writer in Carroll, Hist. Colls. of South Carolina,II, pp. 97–98, 517, 1836.↑
73Buckle, Journal, 1757, in Rivers, South Carolina, p. 57, 1856.↑
74Barcia, A.G., Ensayo Chronologico para la Historia General de la Florida, pp. 335, 336. Madrid, 1723.↑
75For more in regard to these intertribal wars see the historical traditions.↑
76Walker, Thomas, Journal of an Exploration, etc., pp. 8, 35–37; Boston, 1888; Monette (Valley of the Miss.I, p. 317; New York, 1848) erroneously makes the second date 1758.↑
77Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1755, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, pp. 320, 321, 1887.↑
78Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 50–52, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑
79Timberlake, Henry, Memoirs, pp. 73, 74; London, 1765.↑
80Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 51, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Kept. Bur. of Ethnology, p. 145, 1888.↑
81For notice see Ătă′-gûl′ʻkălû′, in theglossary.↑
82Ramsey, op. cit., p. 50.↑
83Letters of Major Andrew Lewis and Governor Dinwiddie, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial RecordsV, pp. 585, 612–614, 635, 637, 1887; Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 51, 52.↑
84Letter of Governor Dobbs, 1756, in North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. 604, 1887.↑
85Dinwiddie letter, 1757, ibid., p. 765.↑
86Adair, American Indians, 245–246, 1775; North Carolina Colonial Records,V, p. xlviii, 1887; Hewat, quoted in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 54, 1853.↑
87For notices see theglossary.↑
88Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 65, 1765.↑
89Catawba reference from Milligan, 1763, in Carroll, South Carolina Historical Collections,II, p. 519, 1836.↑
90Figures from Adair, American Indians, p. 227, 1775. When not otherwise noted this sketch of the Cherokee war of 1760–61 is compiled chiefly from the contemporary dispatches in the Gentleman’s Magazine, supplemented from Hewat’s Historical account of South Carolina and Georgia, 1778; with additional details from Adair, American Indians; Ramsey, Tennessee; Royce, Cherokee Nation; North Carolina Colonial Records, v, documents and introduction; etc.↑
91Timberlake, Memoirs, p. 9 et passim, 1765.↑
92Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 26–29, 1859.↑
93Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 65–70, 1853.↑
94Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bur. of Ethnology, pp. 146–149, 1888.↑
95Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., p. 149; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 71, 1853.↑
96Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 93–122; Royce, op. cit. pp. 146–149.↑
97Ramsey, op. cit., pp, 109–122; Royce, op. cit. p. 146 et passim.↑
98Bartram, Travels, pp. 366–372, 1792.↑
99Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 143–150, 1853; Monette, Valley of the Mississippi,I, pp. 400, 401, 431, 432, andII, pp. 33, 34, 1846; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 276–281, andII, pp. 1–6, 1889.↑
100Ramsey, op. cit., p. 143.↑
101Quoted from Stedman, in Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑
102Ramsey, op. cit., p. 162.↑
103Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 150–159, 1853.↑
104Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 293–297, 1889.↑
105See no. 110, “Incidents of Personal Heroism.” For Rutherford’s expedition, see Moore, Rutherford’s Expedition, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, ibid., May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 294–302, 1889, etc.↑
106For Williamson’s expedition, see Ross Journal, with Rockwell’s notes, in Historical Magazine, October, 1876; Swain, Sketch of the Indian War in 1776, in North Carolina University Magazine for May, 1852, reprinted in Historical Magazine, November, 1867; Jones, Georgia, II, p. 246 et passim, 1883; Ramsey, Tennessee, 163–164, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 296–303, 1889.↑
107Jones, op. cit., p. 246; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 163; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 295.↑
108For the Virginia-Tennessee expedition see Roosevelt, Winning of the West, I, pp. 303–305, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 165–170, 1853.↑
109Ross Journal, in Historical Magazine, October, 1867.↑
110Swain, Sketch of the Indian War of 1776, in Historical Magazine, November, 1867.↑
111Moore’s narrative, in North Carolina University Magazine, February, 1888.↑
112Roosevelt, Winning of the West,I, pp. 285, 290, 303, 1889.↑
113About five hundred sought refuge with Stuart, the British Indian superintendent in Florida, where they were fed for some time at the expense of the British government (Jones, Georgia,II, p. 246, 1883).↑
114Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 150 and map, 1888; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 172–174, 1853; Stevens, Georgia,II, p. 144, 1859; Roosevelt, “Winning of the West,I, p. 306, 1889.↑
115Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 171–177, 185–186, 610 et passim; Royce, op. cit., p. 150; Campbell letter, 1782, and other documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 271, 571, 599, 1883, andIV, pp. 118, 286, 1884; Blount letter, January 14, 1793, American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, p. 431, 1832. Campbell says they abandoned their first location on account of the invasion from Tennessee. Governor Blount says they left on account of witches.↑
116Hawkins, manuscript journal, 1796, with Georgia Historical Society.↑
117Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 174–178, 1853.↑
118Campbell letter, 1782, Virginia State Papers,III, p. 271, 1883.↑
119Ramsey, op. cit, pp. 186–188; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 236–238, 1889. Ramsey’s statements, chiefly on Haywood’s authority, of the strength of the expedition, the number of warriors killed, etc., are so evidently overdrawn that they are here omitted.↑
120Heckewelder, Indian Nations, p. 827, reprint of 1876.↑
121Donelson’s Journal, etc., in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 197–208, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 324–340, 1889.↑
122Ibid.,II, p. 337.↑
123Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 241–294, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 208–249, 1853.↑
124Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 256.↑
125Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 298–300, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 261–264, 1853. There is great discrepancy in the various accounts of this fight, from the attempts of interested historians to magnify the size of the victory. One writer gives the Indians 1,000 warriors. Here, as elsewhere, Roosevelt is a more reliable guide, his statements being usually from official documents.↑
126Roosevelt, op. cit., pp. 300–304; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 265–268; Campbell, report, January 15, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 436. Haywood and others after him make the expedition go as far as Chickamauga and Coosa river, but Campbell’s report expressly denies this.↑
127Ramsey, op. cit., p. 266.↑
128Roosevelt, op. cit, p. 302.↑
129Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875; Martin, letter, March 31, 1781, ibid., p. 613; Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 268, 1853; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, pp. 305–307, 1889.↑
130Campbell, letter, March 28, 1781, in Virginia State Papers,I, p. 602, 1875.↑
131Ramsey, op. cit., p. 269.↑
132Ibid.; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 307.↑
133Ibid.; Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 267, 268. The latter authority seems to make it 1782, which is evidently a mistake.↑
134Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 282–285, 1859; Jones, Georgia,II, p. 503, 1883.↑
135Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 811, 1889.↑
136Old Tassel’s talk, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 271, 1853, and in Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 315.↑
137Ramsey, op. cit., p. 272; Roosevelt, op. cit., p. 317 et passim.↑
138Stevens, op. cit., pp. 411–415.↑
139Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, p. 151, 1888.↑
140See documents in Virginia State Papers,III, pp. 234, 398, 527, 1883.↑
141Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 280, 1853.↑
142Ibid., p. 276.↑
143See Royce, Cherokee Nation, op. cit., pp. 151, 152; Ramsey, op. cit., p. 299 et passim.↑
144Indian Treaties, p. 8 et passim, 1837. For a full discussion of the Hopewell treaty, from official documents, see Royce, Cherokee Nation, in Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 152–158, 1888, with map; Treaty Journal, etc., American State Papers; Indian Affairs,I, pp. 38–44, 1832; also Stevens, Georgia,II, pp. 417–429, 1859; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 336, 337, 1853; see also the map accompanying this work.↑
145Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 459–461; Agent Martin and Hopewell commissioners, ibid., pp. 318–336; Bledsoe and Robertson letter, ibid., p. 465; Roosevelt, Winning of the West,II, p. 368, 1899.↑
146Roosevelt, Winning of the West, ii, p. 353, 1889.↑
147Ibid., p. 355, 1889; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 452–454, 1853.↑
148Ibid., pp. 358–366, 1889.↑
149Ibid., p. 341, 1853.↑
150Martin letter of May 11, 1786, ibid., p. 342.↑
151Reports of Tennessee commissioners and replies by Cherokee chiefs, etc., 1786, in Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 343–346, 1853.↑
152Martin (?) letter of March 25, 1787, ibid., p. 359.↑
153Ibid., p. 370.↑
154Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 393–399, 1853.↑
155Ibid., pp. 417–423, 1853.↑
156Ibid., pp. 517–519, and Brown’s narrative, ibid., p. 515.↑
157Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 515, 519.↑
158Brown’s narrative, etc., ibid., pp. 508–516.↑
159Ibid., pp. 459, 489.↑
160Bledsoe and Robertson letter of June 12, 1787, in Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 465, 1853.↑
161Ibid., with Robertson letter, pp. 465–476.↑
162Ibid., pp. 479–486.↑
163Monette, Valley of the Mississippi, I, p. 505, 1846.↑
164Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 522, 541, 561, 1853.↑
165Washington to the Senate, August 11, 1790, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 83, 1832.↑
166Secretary Knox to President Washington, July 7, 1789, ibid., p. 53.↑
167Ramsey, op. cit., pp. 550, 551.↑
168Indian Treaties, pp. 34–38, 1837; Secretary of War, report, January 5, 1798, in American State Papers, I, pp. 628–631, 1832; Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 554–560, 1853; Royce, Cherokee Nation, Fifth Ann. Rep. Bureau of Ethnology, pp. 158–170, with full discussion and map, 1888.↑
169Indian Treaties, pp. 37, 38, 1837.↑
170Ramsey, Tennessee, p. 557, 1853.↑
171Abel deposition, April 16, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, p. 274, 1832.↑
172Henry Knox, Secretary of War, Instructions to Leonard Shaw, temporary agent to the Cherokee Nation of Indians, February 17, 1792, in American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, 247, 1832; also Knox, letters to Governor Blount, January 31 and February 16, 1792, ibid., pp. 245, 246.↑
173Estanaula conference report, June 26, 1792, ibid., p. 271; Deraque, deposition, September 15, 1792, ibid., p. 292; Pickens, letter, September 12, 1792, ibid., p. 317.↑
174See letters of Shaw, Casey, Pickens, and Blount, 1792–93, ibid., pp. 277, 278, 317, 436, 437, 440.↑
175Knox, instructions to Shaw, February 17, 1792, ibid., p. 247; Blount, letter, March 20, 1792, ibid., p. 263; Knox, letters, October 9, 1792, ibid., pp. 261, 262.↑
176Governor Telfair’s letters of November 14 and December 5, with inclosure, 1792, American State Papers: Indian Affairs,I, pp. 332, 336, 337, 1832.↑
177Ramsey, Tennessee, pp. 562–663, 598, 1853.↑