Chapter 54

The Cherokee language has the continental vowel soundsa,e,i, andu, but lackso, which is replaced by a deepâ. The obscure or shortûis frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial ism, which occurs in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in whichwtakes its place. The characteristiclof the Upper and Middle dialects becomesrin the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds. There is also an aspiratedl;kandthave the ordinary sounds of these letters, butganddare medials, approximating the sounds ofkandt, respectively. A frequent double consonant ists, commonly renderedchby the old traders (see p.188, “Dialects”).aas in far.ăas in what, or obscure as in showman.âas in law, all.dmedial (semisonant), approximating t.eas in they.ĕas in net.gmedial (semisonant), approximating k.has in hat.ias in pique.ĭas in pick.kas in kick.las in lull.ʻlsurd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.mas in man.nas in not.rtakes place of l in Lower dialect.sas in sin.tas in top.uas in rule.ûas in cut.ûñû nasalized.was in wit.yas in you.ʻa slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission of a vowel.A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced into the glossary, and these, together with corrupted Cherokee forms, are indicated by small capitals.adâ′lănûñ′stĭ—a staff or cane.adan′ta—soul.ada′wehĭ—a magician or supernatural being.ada′wehi′yu—a very great magician; intensive form ofada′wehĭ.â′gănă—groundhog.Â′gănstâ′ta—“Groundhog-sausage,” fromâ′gănă, groundhog, andtsistâ′û, “I am pounding it,” understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the Revolution; known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.Â′găn-uni′tsĭ—“Groundhogs’-mother,” fromâ′gănăanduni′tsĭ, their mother, plural ofutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′,agitĭ′, my mother). The Cherokee name of a Shawano captive, who, according to tradition, killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulûñsû′tĭ.Agawe′la—“Old Woman,” a formulistic name for corn or the spirit of corn.agăyûñ′li—foragăyûñ′lige, old, ancient.agidâ′tă—seeedâ′tă.agidu′tŭ—seeedu′tŭ.Agiʻlĭ—“He is rising,” possibly a contraction of an old personal name,Agin′-agiʻlĭ, “Rising-fawn.” Major George Lowrey, cousin of Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly makes it “Keeth-la, or Dog” (forgiʻlĭ′.)agini′sĭ—seeeni′sĭ.agi′sĭ—female, applied usually to quadrupeds.Agis′-e′gwa—“Great Female,” possibly “Great Doe.” A being, probably an animal god, invoked in the sacred formulas.agitsĭ′—see etsĭ′.Agitstaʻti′yĭ—“Where they stayed up all night,” fromtsigitsûñ′tihû′, “I stay up all night.” A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.Aguaquiri—seeGuaquili.Ăhălu′na—“Ambush,”Ăhălunûñ′yĭ, “Ambush place,” orUni′hălu′na, “Where they ambushed,” fromăkălu′ga, “I am watching”. Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, North Carolina (seenumber 122). The name is also applied to a lookout station for deer hunters.ahănu′lăhĭ—“he is bearded,” fromahănu′lăhû, a beard.Ahu′lude′gĭ—“He throws away the drum” (habitual), fromahu′lĭ, drum, andakwăde′gû, “I am throwing it away” (round object). The Cherokee name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston, about 1800.ahyeli′skĭ—a mocker or mimic.aktă′—eye; plural,diktă′.akta′tĭ—a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, fromaktă′, eye.akwandu′li—a song form forakwidu′li(-hû, “I want it.”Akwanʻkĭ—seeAnakwanʻkĭ.Akwĕʻti′yĭ—a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost. Seenumber 122.Alarka—seeYalâgĭ.âligă′—the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).Alkinĭ′—the last woman known to be of Natchez descent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent meaning.ămă′—water; in the Lower dialect,ăwă′; cf.a′mă, salt.amăyĕ′hĭ—“dwelling in the water,” fromămă′(ămă′yĭ, “in the water”) andĕhû′, “I dwell,” “I live.”Ămăyeʻl-e′gwa—“Great island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island (fromămă′, water, andayeʻlĭ, “in the middle”) ande′gwa, great. A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tennessee. Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded with Long-island town below Chattanooga.Ămăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta—“Long island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island, andgûnahi′ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites as Long Island town, at the Long island in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ).amă′yĭnĕ′hi—“dwellers in the water,” plural ofamăyĕ′hĭ.Anăda′dûñtăskĭ—“Roasters,” i. e., Cannibals; fromgûñ′tăskû′, “I am putting it (round) into the fire to roast.” The regular word for cannibals isYûñ′wini′giskĭ, q. v. Seenumber 3.anagâhûñ′ûñskû′—the Green-corn dance; literally, “they are having a Green-corn dance”;anagâhûñ′ûñsgûñ′yĭ, “where they are having the Green-corn dance”; the popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.Anakwanʻkĭ—the Delaware Indians; singularAkwanʻkĭ, a Cherokee attempt atWapanaqkĭ, “Easterners,” the Algonquian name by which, in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western tribes.Anantooeah—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ.aʻne′tsâ, or aʻnetsâ′gĭ—the ballplay.aʻnetsâ′ûñskĭ—a ballplayer; literally, “a lover of the ballplay.”ani′—a tribal and animate prefix.ani′da′wehĭ—plural ofada′wehĭ.a′niganti′skĭ—seedăganʻtû.Ani′-Gatăge′wĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; the name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered “Blind savanna,” from an incorrect idea that it is derived fromigâ′tĭ, a swamp or savanna, anddige′wĭ, blind.Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ—“Long-haired people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular,Agilâ′hĭ. The word comes fromagilâ′hĭ(perhaps connected withagiʻlge-nĭ, “the back of (his) neck”), an archaic term denoting wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying more particularly to a woman.Ani′-Gilĭ′—a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. See page381. The name is not connected withgiʻlĭ, dog.Ani′-Gusă—seeAni′-Ku′să.a′nigwa—soon after;dine′tlănă a′nigwa, “soon after the creation.”Ani′-Hyûñ′tĭkwălâ′skĭ—“The Thunderers,” i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound; cf.tĭkwăle′lu, a wheel, hence a wagon;ămă′-tĭkwălelûñyĭ, “rolling water place,” applied to a cascade where the water falls along the surface of the rock;ahyûñ′tĭkwălâ′stihû′, “it is thundering,” applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.Ani′-Kawĭ′—“Deer people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer isaʻwĭ′.Ani′-Kawi′tă—The Lower Creeks, from Kawi′tă or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus, Georgia; the UpperCreeks on the head streams of Alabama river were distinguished asAni′-Ku′să(q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina, is now known as Coweeta creek.Ani′-Kĭtu′hwagĭ—“Kĭtu′hwă people,” fromKĭtu′hwă(q. v.), an ancient Cherokee settlement; for explanation see page182.Ani′-Ku′să or Ani′-Gu′să,—The Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular,A-Ku′să, from Kusa or Coosa (Spanish, Coça, Cossa) their principal ancient town.Ani′-Kuta′nĭ (alsoAni′-Kwăta′-nĭ, or, incorrectly,Nicotani)—a traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan, exterminated in a popular uprising. Seenumber 108.aninâ′hilidâhĭ—“creatures that fly about,” fromtsĭnai′lĭ, “I am flying,”tsĭnâ′iladâ′hû, “I am flying about.” The generic term for birds and flying insects.Ani′-Naʻtsĭ—abbreviatedAnintsĭ, singularA-Naʻtsĭ. The Natchez Indians; from coincidence withnaʻtsĭ, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered “Pine Indians,” whereas it is really a Cherokee plural of the proper name of the Natchez.Anin′tsĭ—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Ani′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ—singular,Nûn′dăwe′gĭ; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, fromNûndawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known asAni′-Sĕ′nikă.Ani′-Sahâ′nĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic form for “Blue people,” fromsaʻka′ni,saʻka′nige′ĭ, blue.Ani′-Sa′nĭ, Ani′-Sawahâ′nĭ—seeAni′-Sawănu′gĭ.Ani′-Sawănu′gĭ (singularSawănu′gi)—the Shawano Indians.Ani′-Sa′nĭandAni′-Sawahâ′nĭ(see page380) may be the same.Ani′-Sĕ′nikă.—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.anisga′ya—plural ofasga′ya, man.Anisga′ya Tsunsdi′(-ga)—“The Little Men”; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology. Seenumbers 3and8.Ani′sgaya′yĭ—“Men town” (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.anisgi′na—plural ofasgi′na, q. v.Ani′-Skălâ′lĭ—the Tuscarora Indians; singular,Skalâ′lĭorA-Skălâ′ĭ.Ani′skwa′nĭ—Spaniards; singular,Askwa′nĭ.Ani′-Suwa′lĭ, or Ani-′Suwa′la—the Suala, Sara, or Cheraw Indians, formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the later Pardo narrative.Ani′ta′gwă—the Catawba Indians; singular,Ata′gwă, orTagwă.Ani′-Tsâ′gûhĭ—a traditional Cherokee clan, transformed to bears (seenumber 75). Swimmer’s daughter bears the nameTsâgûhĭ, which is not recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.Ani′-Tsa′lăgi′—the Cherokee. See “Tribal Synonymy,” page182.Ani′-Tsaʻta—the Choctaw Indians; singular,Tsaʻta.Ani′-Tsĭ′ksû—the Chickasaw Indians; singular,Tsĭ′ksû.Ani′-Tsi′skwa—“Bird people;” one of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′tsu′tsă—“The Boys,” fromatsu′tsă, boy; the Pleiades. Seenumber 10.Ani′-Wâ′dĭ—“Paint people”; one of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′-Wâdihĭ′—“Place of the Paint people or clan”; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from theAni′-Wâ′dĭor Paint clan.ani′wani′skĭ—the bugle weed,Lycopus virginicus; literally, “they talk” or “talkers,” fromtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking,”awani′skĭ, “he talks habitually.” Seenumber 26.Ani′-Wasa′sĭ—the Osage Indians; singular,Wasa′sĭ.Ani′-Wa′ʻya—“Wolf people”; the most important of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′-Yu′tsĭ—the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singularYu′tsĭ.Ani′-Yûñ′wiyă′—Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally “principal or real people,” fromyûñwĭ, person,yă, a suffix implying principal or real, andani′, the tribal prefix. See pages5and182.Annie Ax—seeSadayĭ′.Aquone—a post-office on Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption ofegwânĭ, river.Arch, John—seeAtsĭ.asâ′gwălihû′—a pack or burden;asâ′gwălʻlû′orasâ′gwĭʻlĭ, “there is a pack on him.” Cfsâ′gwălĭ′.asĕhĭ′—surely.Asĕ′nikă—singular ofAni′-Sĕ′nikă. SeeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.asga′ya—man.Asga′ya Gi′găgeĭ—the “Red Man”; the Lightning spirit.asgi′na—a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered “devil.”Asheville—seeKâsdu′yĭandUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.âsĭ—the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low-built structure of logs covered with earth, and from its closeness and the fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the “hot house.”â′siyu′ (abbreviatedsiyu′)—good; the common Cherokee salute;gâ′siyu′, “I am good”;hâ′siyu′, “thou art good”;â′siyu, “he (it) is good”;âstû, “very good” (intensive).Askwa′nĭ—a Spaniard. SeeAni′skwa′nĭ.âstû′—very good;âstû tsĭkĭ′, very good, best of all. Cfâ′siyu′.Astu′gatâ′ga—A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service, killed in 1862. See page170. The name may be rendered, “Standing in the doorway” but implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first person;gatâ′ga, “he is standing”;stuʻtĭ, a door or shutter;stuhû′, a closed door or passage;stugi′stĭ, a key, i. e. something with which to open a door.asûñ′tlĭ, asûñtlûñ′yĭ—a footlog or bridge; literally, “log lying across,” fromasi′ta, log.ătă′—wood;ata′yă, “principal wood,” i. e. oak; cf. Muscogeeiti, wood.Atagâ′hĭ—“Gall place,” fromă′tăgû′, gall, andhĭ, locative; a mythic lake in the Great Smoky mountains. Seenumber 69. The name is also applied to that part of the Great Smoky range centering about Thunderhead mountain and Miry ridge, near the boundary between Swain county, North Carolina, and Blount county, Tennessee.ă′tăgû′—gall.Ătă′-gûlʻkălû′—a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British government as the head chief or “emperor” of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered “Leaning-wood,” fromătă′, “wood” andgûlʻkălû, a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as “a man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior abilities.”Ata′gwa—a Catawba Indian. SeeAni′la′gwă.Aʻtâhi′ta—abbreviated fromAʻtâhitûñ′yĭ, “Place where they shouted,” fromgatâ′hiû′, “I shout,” andyĭ, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of Franklin,Macon county, North. Carolina. Seenumber 13. The map name is probably from the Cherokeewaʻya, wolf.Ata-kullakulla—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû′.â′tălĭ—mountain; in the Lower dialectâ′tărĭ, whence the “Ottare” or Upper Cherokee of Adair. The formâ′tălĭis used only in composition; a mountain in situ isâtălûñyĭorgatu′sĭ.â′tălĭ-gûlĭ′—“it climbs the mountain,” i. e., “mountain-climber”; the ginseng plant,Ginseng quinquefolium; fromâ′tălĭ, mountain, andgûlĭ′, “it climbs” (habitually);tsĭlăhĭ′ortsĭlĭ′, “I am climbing.” Also called in the sacred formulas,Yûñ′wĭ Usdi′, “Little Man.” Seenumber 126.a′tălulû—unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whenceutalu′lĭ, “it is not yet time.”Ata′lûñti′skĭ—a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from a precipice. Seenumber 100for instance.â′tărĭ—seeâ′tălĭ.ătăsĭ′ (orătăsû′, in a dialectic form)—a war club.atatsûñ′skĭ—stinging; literally, “he stings” (habitually).Aʻtlă′nuwă′—“Tlă′nuwă hole”; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee, (seeTsatănu′gĭ) originally applied to a bluff on the south side of the Tennessee river at the foot of the present Market street. Seenumber 124.A′tsĭ—the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at the English name Arch.atsi′la—fire; in the Lower dialect,atsi′ra.Atsil′-dihye′gĭ—“Fire Carrier”; apparently the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. See page335. As is usually the case in Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (“it carries fires”); the singular form isahye′gĭ.atsil′-sûñʻtĭ (abbreviatedtsil′-sûñʻtĭ)—fleabane (Erigeron canadense); the name signifies “material with which to make fire,” fromatsi′la, fire, andgasûñʻtĭ, (gatsûñʻtĭorgatlûñʻtĭ), material with which to make something; fromgasûñ′skû(orgatlûñ′skû), “I make it.” The plant is also calledihyâ′ga. Seenumber 126.Atsil′-tlûñtû′tsĭ—“Fire panther.” A meteor or comet. See notes tonumber 9.Atsi′la-wa′ĭ—“Fire ——”; a mountain, sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.a′tsĭnă′—cedar; cf. Muscogee,achenaorauchenau.A′tsĭnă′-kʻta′ûñ—“Hanging cedar place”; froma′tsină′, cedar, andkʻtaûñ, “where it (long) hangs down”; a Cherokee name for the old Taskigi town on Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 105.atsi′ra—seeatsi′la.Atsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ (abbreviatedAtsûñ′stăʻti′)—“Fire-light place,” (cf.atsil-sûñ′ʻtĭ), referring to the “fire-hunting” method of killing deer in the river at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Georgia.Attakullakulla—seeĂtă-gûlʻkălû′.ăwă′—seeămă′.awâ′hĭlĭ—eagle; particularlyAquila chrysætus, distinguished as the “pretty-feathered eagle.”aʻwĭ′—deer; also sometimes written and pronounced,ăhăwĭ′; the name is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the “flying stag” of early writers.aʻwĭ′-ahănu′lăhĭ—goat; literally, “bearded deer.”aʻwĭ′-aktă′—“deer eye”; theRudbeckiaor black-eyed Susan.aʻwĭ′-ahyeli′skĭ—“deer mocker”; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.aʻwĭ′-e′gwă (abbreviatedaʻw-e′gwă)—the elk, literally “great deer.”aʻwĭ′-unăde′na—sheep; literally “woolly deer.”Aʻwĭ′ Usdi′—“Little Deer”; the mythic chief of the Deer tribe. Seenumber 15.Ax, Annie—seeSadayĭ′.Ax, John—seeItăgû′năhĭ.Ayâ′sta—“The Spoiler,” fromtsiyâ′stihû, “I spoil it”; cf.uyâ′ĭ, bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.ayeʻlĭ—half, middle, in the middle.Ayrate—seee′lădĭ′.Ayuhwa′sĭ—the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished asAyuhwa′sĭ Egwâ′hĭor Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tennessee. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Lanman writes it Owassa.Aʻyûñ′inĭ—“Swimmer”; literally, “he is swimming,” fromgayûñinĭ′, “I am swimming.” A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee, died in 1899.Ayûlsû′—seeDayûlsûñ′yĭ.Beaverdam—seeUyʼgilâ′gĭ.Big-island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Big-cove—seeKâ′lanûñ′yĭ.Big-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.Big-witch—seeTskĭl-e′gwa.Bird-town—seeTsiskwâ′hĭ.Bloody-fellow—seeIskagua.Blythe—seeDiskwaʻnĭ.Black-fox—seeInâ′lĭ.Boudinot, Elias—seeGălăgi′na.Bowl, The;Bowles, Colonel—seeDiwaʻlĭ.Brass—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.Brasstown—seeItse′yĭ.Breath, The—seeÛñli′ta.Briertown—seeKănu′găʻlâ′yĭ.Buffalo(creek)—seeYûnsâ′ĭ.Bull-head—seeUskwăle′na.Butler, John—seeTsan′uga′sĭtă.Cade’s Cove—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Canacaught—“Canacaught, the great Conjurer,” mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possiblykanegwâ′tĭ, the water-moccasin snake. See page31.Canaly—seehi′gĭna′liĭ.Canasagua—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Cannastion,Cannostee—seeKăna′sta.Canuga—seeKănu′ga.Cartoogaja—seeGatu′gitse′yĭ.Cataluchee—seeGadalu′tsĭ.Cauchi—a place, apparently in the Cherokee country,visitedby Pardo in 1567 (see page29). The name may possibly have some connection with Nacoochee orNaguʻtsĭ′, q. v.Caunasaita—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly forKanûñsi′ta, “dogwood” (Cornus florida). See page31.Chalaque—seeTsă′lăgĭunder “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Chattanooga—seeTsatănu′gĭ.Chattooga,Chatuga—seeTsatu′gĭ.Cheeowhee—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Cheerake—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Cheowa—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Cheowa Maximum—seeSehwate′yĭ.Cheraqui—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Cheraw—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Cherokee—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182; alsoElăwâ′diyĭ.Chestatee—seeAtsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ.Chestua—seeTsistu′yĭ.Cheucunsene—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Cheulah—mentioned by Timberlake as the chief of Settacoo (Sĭ′tikû) in 1762. The name may be intended forTsuʻlă, “Fox.”Chickamauga—seeTsĭ′kăma′gĭ.Chilhowee—seeTsûʻlûñ′we.Chimney Tops—seeDuni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ.Chisca—mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection withTsi′skwa, “bird,” possiblyTsiskwâ′hĭ, “Bird place.”Choastea—seeTsistu′yĭ.Chopped Oak—seeDigălu′yătûñ′yĭ.Choquata—seeItsâ′tĭ.Chota,Chotte—seeItsâ′tĭ.Citico—seeSĭ′tikû′.Clear-sky—seeIskagua.Clennuse—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Cleveland—seeTsistetsi′yĭ.Coça—seeAni′-Ku′sa.Coco—seeKukû′.Cohutta—seeGahû′tĭ.Colanneh,Colona—seeKâ′lănû.Conasauga—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Conneross—seeKăwân′-urâ′sûñyĭ.Cooweescoowee—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.Coosa—seeAni′-Ku′saandKusă′.Coosawatee—seeKu′săweti′yĭ.Corani—seeKâ′lănû.Cossa—seeAni′-Ku′sa,Kusa.Cowee′—seeKawi′yĭ.Coweeta,Coweta—seeAni′-Kawi′tă.Coyatee(variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)—A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee. The correct form and etymology are uncertain.Creek-path—seeKu′să-nûñnâ′hĭ.Crow-town—seeKâgûñ′yĭ.Cuhtahlatah—a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form may have some connection withgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp.”Cullasagee—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.Cullowhee,Currahee—seeGûlâhi′yĭ.Cuttawa—seeKĭtu′hwă.dăganʻtû—“he makes it rain”; fromaga′skă, “it is raining,”aga′nă, “it has begun to rain”; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to presage rain. It is also calleda′niganti′skĭ, “they make it rain” (plural form), or “rain-maker.” Seenumber 59.dagûlʻkû—the American white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons gambeli). The name may be an onomatope. Seenumber 6.dăgû′nă—the fresh water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.Dăgûnâ′hĭ—“Mussel place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel, andhĭ, locative. The Muscle shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simplyTsuʻstănalûñ′yĭ, “Shoals place.” Cf.Uʻstăna′lĭ.Dăgû′năwe′lâhĭ—“Mussel-liver place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel,uwe′la, liver, andhĭ, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tennessee. No reason can now be given for the name.Dahlonega—A town in Lumpkin County, Georgia, near which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is from the Cherokeedală′nige′i, yellow, whenceate′lă-dalâ′nige′i, “yellow money,” i. e., gold.daksăwa′ihû—“he is shedding tears.”dăkwă′—a mythic great fish; also the whale. Seenumber 68.Dăkwă′ĭ—“Dăkwă place,” from a tradition of adăkwă′in the river at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 68. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.dakwa′nitlastestĭ—“I shall have them on my legs for garters”; fromanitla′stĭ(pluraldinitla′stĭ), garter;d-, initial plural;akwă, first person particle; andestĭ, future suffix. Seenumber 77.da′lĭkstă′—“vomiter,” fromdagik′stihû′, “I am vomiting,”dalikstă′, “he vomits” (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder (Heterodon), also sometimes calledkwandăya′hû, a word of uncertain etymology.Da′ʻnăgâstă—forDa′ʻnăwă-gâsta′yă, “Sharp-war,” i.e. “Eager-warrior”; a Cherokee woman’s name.Da′ʻnawa-(a)saʻtsûñ′yĭ “War ford,” fromda′ʻnawa, war, andasaʻtsûñ′yĭ, a crossing-place or ford. A ford on Cheowa river about three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Danda′gănû′—“Two looking at each other,” fromdetsi′gănû′, “I am looking at him.” A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton, Dade county, Georgia. One of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭ′kăma′gi), so called on account of the appearance of the mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.Da′siʻgiya′gĭ—an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders “Shoe-boots,” possibly referring to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da′siʻgiya′gĭ and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of the name Lloyd.Da′skwĭtûñ′yĭ—“Rafters place,” fromdaskwitûñ′ĭ, “rafters,” andyĭ, locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina.dasûñ′tălĭ—ant;dasûñ′tălĭ atatsûñ′skĭ, “stinging ant,” the large red cow-ant (Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case,nûñ′yunu′wĭ, “stone-clad,” after the fabulous monster. Seenumber 67.Datle′yăsta′ĭ—“Where they fell down,” a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122.dâtsĭ—a traditional water monster. Seenumber 122.Dâtsi′yĭ—“Dâtsĭ place”; a place on Little Tennessee river, near the junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Datsu′nălâsgûñ′yĭ—“where there are tracks or footprints,” fromulâ′sinûñ′yĭorulâsgûñ′yĭ, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes calledDe′găyelûñ′hă, “place of branded marks”; (digăletănûñ′hĭ, branded, or printed). Seenumber 125.dâ′yĭ—beaver.Dayûlsûñ′yĭ—“Place where they cried,” a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so called from an old tradition. Seenumber 80.dâ′yuni′sĭ—“beaver’s grandchild,” fromdâ′yĭ, beaver, anduni′sĭ, son’s child, of either sex (daughter’s child, either sex,uli′sĭ). The water beetle or mellow bug (Dineutes discolor).Degalʻgûñ′yĭ—a cairn, literally “Where they are piled up”; a series of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.De′gătâ′gă—The Cherokee name of General Stand Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The word is derived fromtsitâ′gă, “I am standing,”daʻnitâ′gă, “they are standing together,” and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human body.De′găyelûñ′hă—seeDatsu′nalâsgûñ′yĭ.detsănûñ′lĭ—an inclosure or piece of level ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the Green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but can not be certainly analyzed.De′tsătă—a Cherokee sprite. Seenumber 78.detsinu′lăhûñgû′—“I tried, but failed.”Didaʻlâski′yĭ—“Showering place.” In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean “The place where it rains fire.” It signifies literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something animate, and has no definite reference to fire (atsi′la) or rain (agăskă, “it is raining”);degaʻlâskû′, “they are showering down and lodging upon him.”Dida′skasti′yĭ—“Where they were afraid of each other.” A spot on Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.diga′gwănĭ′—the mud-hen or didapper (Gallinula galeata). The name is a plural form and implies “lame,” or “crippled in the legs” (cf.detsi′nigwă′nă, “I am kneeling”), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in the water. It is also the name of a dance.Diga′kati′yĭ—seeGakati′yĭ.di′gălûñgûñ′yĭ—“where it rises, or comes up”; the east. The sacred term isNûñdâ′yĭ, q. v.digălûñ′lătiyûñ—a height, one of a series, fromgalûn′lătĭ, “above.” Seenumber 1.Digălu′yătûñ′yĭ—“Where it is gashed (with hatchets)”; fromtsilu′yû, “I am cutting (with a chopping stroke),”di, plural prefix, andyĭ, locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Georgia. Seenumber 125.Digăne′skĭ—“He picks them up” (habitually), fromtsĭne′û, “I am picking it up.” A Cherokee Union soldier in the civil war. See page171.digi′găge′ĭ—the plural ofgi′găge′ĭ, red.digû′lanăhi′ta—fordigû′lĭ-anăhi′ta, “having long ears,” “long-eared”; fromgûlĕ, “ear” andgûnahi′ta, “long.”Dihyûñ′dulă′—“Sheaths,” or “Scabbards”; singularahyûñ′dulă′, “a gun sheath,” or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a name which appears in Revolutionary documents as “Untoola, or Gun Rod.”diktă′—plural ofaktă′, eye.dĭlă′—skunk.dilsta′yaʻtĭ—“scissors”; the water-spider (Dolomedes).dinda′skwate′skĭ—the violet; the name signifies, “they pull each other’s heads off.”dine′tlănă—the creation.diʻnûskĭ—“the breeder”; a variety of smilax brier. Seenumber 126.Disgâ′gisti′yĭ—“Where they gnaw”; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.diskwaʻnĭ—“chestnut bread,” i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.distai′yĭ—“they are strong,” plural ofastai′yĭ, “strong, or tough.” TheTephrosiaor devil’s-shoestring. Seenumber 126.dista′stĭ—a mill (generic).dita′stayeskĭ—“a barber,” literally “one who cuts things” (as with a scissors), fromtsista′yû, “I cut,” (as with a scissors). The cricket (tăla′tŭ) is sometimes so called. Seenumber 59.Diwa′ʻlĭ—“Bowl,” a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned on page 100 may have been another of the same name.diyâ′hălĭ (orduyâ′hălĭ)—the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulalus). Seenumber 59.Diyâ′hăli′yĭ—“Lizard place,” fromdiyâ′hălĭ, lizard, andyĭ, locative. Joanna bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river, on the line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122; alsonumber 59.Double-head—seeTăl-tsu′skă′.Dragging-canoe—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Dudûñ′leksûñ′yĭ—“Where its legs were broken off”; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Dugilu′yĭ (abbreviatedDugilu′, and commonly written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)—a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river, so called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham county, Georgia. The word is of uncertain etymology, but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.Dûksa′ĭ, Dûkwʻsa′ĭ—The correct form of the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in South Carolina, and the creek upon which it stood, an extreme head-stream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean “Place of shedding tears.” Seenumber 123.Dulastûñ′yĭ—“Potsherd place.” A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.dule′tsĭ—“kernels,” a goitrous swelling upon the throat.dulu′sĭ—a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river. Seenumber 125.Duniyaʻtaʻlûñ′yĭ—“Where there are shelves, or flat places,” fromayaʻte′nĭ, flat, whenceda′yaʻtanaʻlûñ′ĭ′, a shelf, andyĭ′, the locative. A gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman’s dome, Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.Dunidû′lalûñ′yĭ—“Where they made arrows”; a place on Straight creek, a head-stream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Duni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ—the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in the Great Smoky mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. On the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a “forked antler,” fromuskwaʻlgû, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.Du′stăyalûñ′yĭ—“Where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,” apparently referring to a lightning stroke (detsistăya′hihû, “I make a shooting, or thundering, noise,” might be a first person form used by the personified Thunder-god); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina. A former settlement along the creek bore the same name. Seenumber 79.du′stu′—a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope.Itis the correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as “Tooantuh or Spring Frog.”Dutch—seeTătsĭ′.duwĕʻgă—the spring lizard. Seenumber 59.Eagle dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ′ Ûlsgi′stĭ.Eastinaulee—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Echoee—seeItse′yĭ.Echota—seeItsâ′tĭ.Edâ′hĭ—“He goes about” (habitually); a masculine name.Echota, New—seeGănsâ′gĭ.edâ′tă—my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidâ′tă.edu′tŭ—my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidu′tŭ; cf.eni′sĭ.e′gwa—great; cf.u′tănû.egwâ′nĭ—river.Egwânulʻtĭ—“By the river,” fromegwâ′nĭ, river, andnu′lătĭornulʻtĭ, near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing through the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina. The Cherokee town, “Oconalufte,” mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a considerable mound.elă—earth, ground.e′lădĭ′—low, below; in the Lower dialecte′rădĭ′, whence the Ayrate or Lower Cherokee of Adair as distinguished from the Ottare (â′tărĭ,â′tălĭ) or Upper Cherokee.elanti—a song form fore′lădĭ, q. v.Elătse′yĭ (abbreviatedElătse′)—possibly “Green (Verdant) earth,” fromelă, earth, anditse′yĭ, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in South Carolina; another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer county, Georgia; and still another was on Ellejoy creek of Little river near the present Maryville, in Blount county, Tennessee.Elăwâ′diyĭ (abbreviatedElăwâ′di)—“Red-earth place” fromelă, earth,wâdi, brown-red or red paint, andyĭ, the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of Yellow-hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee, the postoffice and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river in Swain county, North Carolina. 2. A former council ground, known in history as Red Clay, at the site of the present village of that name in Whitfield county, Georgia, adjoining the Tennessee line.Ellijay—seeElătse′yĭ.eni′sĭ—my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagini′sĭ. Cf.edu′tŭ.Eskaqua—seeIskagua.Estanaula,Estinaula—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Ĕtăwa′hă-tsistatla′skĭ—“Deadwood-lighter,” a traditional Cherokee conjurer. Seenumber 100.eʻtĭ, or etĭ—old, long ago.Etowah—seeI′tăwă′.Etsaiyĭ′—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.etsĭ′—my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagitsĭ′.Euharlee—seeYuha′lĭ′.Feather dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ,Ûlsgi′stĭ.Fighting-town—seeWalâs′-unûlsli′yĭ.Flax-toter—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.Flying-squirrel—seeKâ′lahû′.French Broad—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.Frogtown—seeWalâsi′yĭ.Gadalu′lŭ—the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as Yonah (fromyânû, “bear”), or upper Chattahoochee river, in White county, Georgia. The name has no connection with Tallulah (seeTălulŭ′), and can not be translated.Gadalu′tsĭ—in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, in North Carolina, and of a creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of the ridge only and seems to refer to a “fringe standing erect,” apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; fromwadălu′yătă, fringe,gadû′tă, “standing up in a row or series.”găhăwi′sita—parched corn; improperly spelledwissactawby Hawkins. See note undernumber 83.Gahûtĭ (Gahû′tăandGwahû′tĭin dialectic forms)—Cohutta mountain, in Murray county, Georgia. The name comes fromgahûtâ′yĭ, “a shed roof supported on poles,” and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.Gakăti′yĭ—“Place of setting free”; sometimes spoken in the plural form,Diga′kăti′yĭ, “Place of setting them free.” A point on Tuckasegee river about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.gaktûñ′ta—an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu.Tsigaʻte′gû, “I am observing an injunction, or tabu”;adakte′gĭ, “he is under tabu regulations.”Gălăgi′na—a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes tityus?). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor. See page111.găli′sgisidâ′hû—I am dancing about; fromgăli′sgiă′, “I am dancing,” andedâhû′, “I am going about.”gălûñkw′ti′yu—honored, sacred; used in the bible to mean holy, hallowed.gălûñ′lătĭ—above, on high.găne′ga—skin.ganidawâ′skĭ—the campion, catchfly or “rattlesnake’s master” (Silene stellata); the name signifies “it disjoints itself,” fromganidawâskû′, “it is unjointing itself,” on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.Gănsâ′gĭ (orGănsâgiyĭ)—the name of several former settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One town of this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek, in McMinn county, Tennessee; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterward was located the Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordoncounty, Georgia; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain, Georgia (see page197).Gănsaʻti′yĭ—“Robbing place,” fromtsina′sahûñskû′, “I am robbing him.” Vengeance creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name Vengeance was originally a white man’s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal. Seenumber 122.Gănsĕʻtĭ—a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from a gourd the masculine name, Gănsĕʻtĭ, is usually rendered by the whites, “Rattling-gourd.”gatayûstĭ—the wheel and stick game of the southern tribes, incorrectly callednettecawawby Timberlake. See note undernumber 3.Gâtegwâ′—forGâtegwâ′hĭ, possibly a contraction ofIgât(ĭ)-egwâ′hĭ, “Great-swamp (-thicket)place.” A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain. Seenumber 75.ga′tsû—seehatlû′.Gatu′gitse′yĭ (abbreviatedGatu′gitse′)—“New-settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭorsgatu′gĭ, town, settlement,itse′hĭ, new, especially applied to new vegetation, andyĭ, the locative. A former settlement on Cartoogaja creek of Little Tennessee river, above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.Gatuti′yĭ—“Town-building place,” or “Settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭ, a settlement, andyĭ, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Gatûñ′lti′yĭ—“Hemp place,” fromgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp” (Apocynum cannabinum), andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.Gatûñ′waʻlĭ—a noted western Cherokee about 1842, known to the whites as “Hard-mush” or “Big-mush.”Gatûñ′waʻlĭ, fromga′tŭ′, “bread,” andûñwa′ʻlĭ, “made into balls or lumps,” is a sort of mush of parched corn meal, made very thick, so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.ge′ĭ—down stream, down the road, with the current;tsâ′gĭ, up stream.gese′ĭ—was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the formhi′gese′ĭit usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.Geʻyăgu′ga (forAge′hyă-guga?)—a formulistic name for the moon (nûñ′dă′); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the wordage′hyă, “woman.” See alsonûñ′dă′.gigă—blood; cf.gi′găge′ĭ, red.gi′gă-danegi′skĭ—“blood taker,” fromgigă, blood, andada′negi′skĭ, “one who takes liquids,” fromtsi′negiă′, “I am taking it” (liquid). Another name for thetsâne′nĭor scorpion lizard. Seenumber 59.gi′găge′ĭ—red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished aswâ′dige′ĭ.gi′gă-tsuha′ʻlĭ—“bloody-mouth,” literally, “having blood on the corners of his mouth”; fromgigă, blood, andtsuhănûñsi′yĭ, the corners of the mouth (ăha′lĭ, his mouth). A large lizard, probably thePleistodon. Seenumber 59.giʻlĭ′—dog; in the Lower dialect,giʻrĭ′.Giʻlĭ′-dinĕhûñ′yĭ—“Where the dogs live,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog,dinĕhû′, “they dwell” (ĕhû, “I dwell”), andyĭ, locative. A place on Oconaluftee river, a short distance above Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Giʻlĭ′-utsûñ′stănuñ′yĭ—“Where the dog ran,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog, andutsûñ′stănûñ′yĭ, “footprints made by an animal running”; the Milky Way. Seenumber 11.

The Cherokee language has the continental vowel soundsa,e,i, andu, but lackso, which is replaced by a deepâ. The obscure or shortûis frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial ism, which occurs in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in whichwtakes its place. The characteristiclof the Upper and Middle dialects becomesrin the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds. There is also an aspiratedl;kandthave the ordinary sounds of these letters, butganddare medials, approximating the sounds ofkandt, respectively. A frequent double consonant ists, commonly renderedchby the old traders (see p.188, “Dialects”).aas in far.ăas in what, or obscure as in showman.âas in law, all.dmedial (semisonant), approximating t.eas in they.ĕas in net.gmedial (semisonant), approximating k.has in hat.ias in pique.ĭas in pick.kas in kick.las in lull.ʻlsurd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.mas in man.nas in not.rtakes place of l in Lower dialect.sas in sin.tas in top.uas in rule.ûas in cut.ûñû nasalized.was in wit.yas in you.ʻa slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission of a vowel.A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced into the glossary, and these, together with corrupted Cherokee forms, are indicated by small capitals.adâ′lănûñ′stĭ—a staff or cane.adan′ta—soul.ada′wehĭ—a magician or supernatural being.ada′wehi′yu—a very great magician; intensive form ofada′wehĭ.â′gănă—groundhog.Â′gănstâ′ta—“Groundhog-sausage,” fromâ′gănă, groundhog, andtsistâ′û, “I am pounding it,” understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the Revolution; known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.Â′găn-uni′tsĭ—“Groundhogs’-mother,” fromâ′gănăanduni′tsĭ, their mother, plural ofutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′,agitĭ′, my mother). The Cherokee name of a Shawano captive, who, according to tradition, killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulûñsû′tĭ.Agawe′la—“Old Woman,” a formulistic name for corn or the spirit of corn.agăyûñ′li—foragăyûñ′lige, old, ancient.agidâ′tă—seeedâ′tă.agidu′tŭ—seeedu′tŭ.Agiʻlĭ—“He is rising,” possibly a contraction of an old personal name,Agin′-agiʻlĭ, “Rising-fawn.” Major George Lowrey, cousin of Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly makes it “Keeth-la, or Dog” (forgiʻlĭ′.)agini′sĭ—seeeni′sĭ.agi′sĭ—female, applied usually to quadrupeds.Agis′-e′gwa—“Great Female,” possibly “Great Doe.” A being, probably an animal god, invoked in the sacred formulas.agitsĭ′—see etsĭ′.Agitstaʻti′yĭ—“Where they stayed up all night,” fromtsigitsûñ′tihû′, “I stay up all night.” A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.Aguaquiri—seeGuaquili.Ăhălu′na—“Ambush,”Ăhălunûñ′yĭ, “Ambush place,” orUni′hălu′na, “Where they ambushed,” fromăkălu′ga, “I am watching”. Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, North Carolina (seenumber 122). The name is also applied to a lookout station for deer hunters.ahănu′lăhĭ—“he is bearded,” fromahănu′lăhû, a beard.Ahu′lude′gĭ—“He throws away the drum” (habitual), fromahu′lĭ, drum, andakwăde′gû, “I am throwing it away” (round object). The Cherokee name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston, about 1800.ahyeli′skĭ—a mocker or mimic.aktă′—eye; plural,diktă′.akta′tĭ—a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, fromaktă′, eye.akwandu′li—a song form forakwidu′li(-hû, “I want it.”Akwanʻkĭ—seeAnakwanʻkĭ.Akwĕʻti′yĭ—a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost. Seenumber 122.Alarka—seeYalâgĭ.âligă′—the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).Alkinĭ′—the last woman known to be of Natchez descent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent meaning.ămă′—water; in the Lower dialect,ăwă′; cf.a′mă, salt.amăyĕ′hĭ—“dwelling in the water,” fromămă′(ămă′yĭ, “in the water”) andĕhû′, “I dwell,” “I live.”Ămăyeʻl-e′gwa—“Great island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island (fromămă′, water, andayeʻlĭ, “in the middle”) ande′gwa, great. A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tennessee. Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded with Long-island town below Chattanooga.Ămăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta—“Long island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island, andgûnahi′ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites as Long Island town, at the Long island in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ).amă′yĭnĕ′hi—“dwellers in the water,” plural ofamăyĕ′hĭ.Anăda′dûñtăskĭ—“Roasters,” i. e., Cannibals; fromgûñ′tăskû′, “I am putting it (round) into the fire to roast.” The regular word for cannibals isYûñ′wini′giskĭ, q. v. Seenumber 3.anagâhûñ′ûñskû′—the Green-corn dance; literally, “they are having a Green-corn dance”;anagâhûñ′ûñsgûñ′yĭ, “where they are having the Green-corn dance”; the popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.Anakwanʻkĭ—the Delaware Indians; singularAkwanʻkĭ, a Cherokee attempt atWapanaqkĭ, “Easterners,” the Algonquian name by which, in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western tribes.Anantooeah—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ.aʻne′tsâ, or aʻnetsâ′gĭ—the ballplay.aʻnetsâ′ûñskĭ—a ballplayer; literally, “a lover of the ballplay.”ani′—a tribal and animate prefix.ani′da′wehĭ—plural ofada′wehĭ.a′niganti′skĭ—seedăganʻtû.Ani′-Gatăge′wĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; the name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered “Blind savanna,” from an incorrect idea that it is derived fromigâ′tĭ, a swamp or savanna, anddige′wĭ, blind.Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ—“Long-haired people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular,Agilâ′hĭ. The word comes fromagilâ′hĭ(perhaps connected withagiʻlge-nĭ, “the back of (his) neck”), an archaic term denoting wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying more particularly to a woman.Ani′-Gilĭ′—a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. See page381. The name is not connected withgiʻlĭ, dog.Ani′-Gusă—seeAni′-Ku′să.a′nigwa—soon after;dine′tlănă a′nigwa, “soon after the creation.”Ani′-Hyûñ′tĭkwălâ′skĭ—“The Thunderers,” i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound; cf.tĭkwăle′lu, a wheel, hence a wagon;ămă′-tĭkwălelûñyĭ, “rolling water place,” applied to a cascade where the water falls along the surface of the rock;ahyûñ′tĭkwălâ′stihû′, “it is thundering,” applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.Ani′-Kawĭ′—“Deer people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer isaʻwĭ′.Ani′-Kawi′tă—The Lower Creeks, from Kawi′tă or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus, Georgia; the UpperCreeks on the head streams of Alabama river were distinguished asAni′-Ku′să(q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina, is now known as Coweeta creek.Ani′-Kĭtu′hwagĭ—“Kĭtu′hwă people,” fromKĭtu′hwă(q. v.), an ancient Cherokee settlement; for explanation see page182.Ani′-Ku′să or Ani′-Gu′să,—The Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular,A-Ku′să, from Kusa or Coosa (Spanish, Coça, Cossa) their principal ancient town.Ani′-Kuta′nĭ (alsoAni′-Kwăta′-nĭ, or, incorrectly,Nicotani)—a traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan, exterminated in a popular uprising. Seenumber 108.aninâ′hilidâhĭ—“creatures that fly about,” fromtsĭnai′lĭ, “I am flying,”tsĭnâ′iladâ′hû, “I am flying about.” The generic term for birds and flying insects.Ani′-Naʻtsĭ—abbreviatedAnintsĭ, singularA-Naʻtsĭ. The Natchez Indians; from coincidence withnaʻtsĭ, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered “Pine Indians,” whereas it is really a Cherokee plural of the proper name of the Natchez.Anin′tsĭ—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Ani′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ—singular,Nûn′dăwe′gĭ; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, fromNûndawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known asAni′-Sĕ′nikă.Ani′-Sahâ′nĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic form for “Blue people,” fromsaʻka′ni,saʻka′nige′ĭ, blue.Ani′-Sa′nĭ, Ani′-Sawahâ′nĭ—seeAni′-Sawănu′gĭ.Ani′-Sawănu′gĭ (singularSawănu′gi)—the Shawano Indians.Ani′-Sa′nĭandAni′-Sawahâ′nĭ(see page380) may be the same.Ani′-Sĕ′nikă.—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.anisga′ya—plural ofasga′ya, man.Anisga′ya Tsunsdi′(-ga)—“The Little Men”; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology. Seenumbers 3and8.Ani′sgaya′yĭ—“Men town” (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.anisgi′na—plural ofasgi′na, q. v.Ani′-Skălâ′lĭ—the Tuscarora Indians; singular,Skalâ′lĭorA-Skălâ′ĭ.Ani′skwa′nĭ—Spaniards; singular,Askwa′nĭ.Ani′-Suwa′lĭ, or Ani-′Suwa′la—the Suala, Sara, or Cheraw Indians, formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the later Pardo narrative.Ani′ta′gwă—the Catawba Indians; singular,Ata′gwă, orTagwă.Ani′-Tsâ′gûhĭ—a traditional Cherokee clan, transformed to bears (seenumber 75). Swimmer’s daughter bears the nameTsâgûhĭ, which is not recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.Ani′-Tsa′lăgi′—the Cherokee. See “Tribal Synonymy,” page182.Ani′-Tsaʻta—the Choctaw Indians; singular,Tsaʻta.Ani′-Tsĭ′ksû—the Chickasaw Indians; singular,Tsĭ′ksû.Ani′-Tsi′skwa—“Bird people;” one of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′tsu′tsă—“The Boys,” fromatsu′tsă, boy; the Pleiades. Seenumber 10.Ani′-Wâ′dĭ—“Paint people”; one of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′-Wâdihĭ′—“Place of the Paint people or clan”; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from theAni′-Wâ′dĭor Paint clan.ani′wani′skĭ—the bugle weed,Lycopus virginicus; literally, “they talk” or “talkers,” fromtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking,”awani′skĭ, “he talks habitually.” Seenumber 26.Ani′-Wasa′sĭ—the Osage Indians; singular,Wasa′sĭ.Ani′-Wa′ʻya—“Wolf people”; the most important of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′-Yu′tsĭ—the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singularYu′tsĭ.Ani′-Yûñ′wiyă′—Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally “principal or real people,” fromyûñwĭ, person,yă, a suffix implying principal or real, andani′, the tribal prefix. See pages5and182.Annie Ax—seeSadayĭ′.Aquone—a post-office on Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption ofegwânĭ, river.Arch, John—seeAtsĭ.asâ′gwălihû′—a pack or burden;asâ′gwălʻlû′orasâ′gwĭʻlĭ, “there is a pack on him.” Cfsâ′gwălĭ′.asĕhĭ′—surely.Asĕ′nikă—singular ofAni′-Sĕ′nikă. SeeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.asga′ya—man.Asga′ya Gi′găgeĭ—the “Red Man”; the Lightning spirit.asgi′na—a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered “devil.”Asheville—seeKâsdu′yĭandUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.âsĭ—the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low-built structure of logs covered with earth, and from its closeness and the fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the “hot house.”â′siyu′ (abbreviatedsiyu′)—good; the common Cherokee salute;gâ′siyu′, “I am good”;hâ′siyu′, “thou art good”;â′siyu, “he (it) is good”;âstû, “very good” (intensive).Askwa′nĭ—a Spaniard. SeeAni′skwa′nĭ.âstû′—very good;âstû tsĭkĭ′, very good, best of all. Cfâ′siyu′.Astu′gatâ′ga—A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service, killed in 1862. See page170. The name may be rendered, “Standing in the doorway” but implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first person;gatâ′ga, “he is standing”;stuʻtĭ, a door or shutter;stuhû′, a closed door or passage;stugi′stĭ, a key, i. e. something with which to open a door.asûñ′tlĭ, asûñtlûñ′yĭ—a footlog or bridge; literally, “log lying across,” fromasi′ta, log.ătă′—wood;ata′yă, “principal wood,” i. e. oak; cf. Muscogeeiti, wood.Atagâ′hĭ—“Gall place,” fromă′tăgû′, gall, andhĭ, locative; a mythic lake in the Great Smoky mountains. Seenumber 69. The name is also applied to that part of the Great Smoky range centering about Thunderhead mountain and Miry ridge, near the boundary between Swain county, North Carolina, and Blount county, Tennessee.ă′tăgû′—gall.Ătă′-gûlʻkălû′—a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British government as the head chief or “emperor” of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered “Leaning-wood,” fromătă′, “wood” andgûlʻkălû, a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as “a man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior abilities.”Ata′gwa—a Catawba Indian. SeeAni′la′gwă.Aʻtâhi′ta—abbreviated fromAʻtâhitûñ′yĭ, “Place where they shouted,” fromgatâ′hiû′, “I shout,” andyĭ, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of Franklin,Macon county, North. Carolina. Seenumber 13. The map name is probably from the Cherokeewaʻya, wolf.Ata-kullakulla—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû′.â′tălĭ—mountain; in the Lower dialectâ′tărĭ, whence the “Ottare” or Upper Cherokee of Adair. The formâ′tălĭis used only in composition; a mountain in situ isâtălûñyĭorgatu′sĭ.â′tălĭ-gûlĭ′—“it climbs the mountain,” i. e., “mountain-climber”; the ginseng plant,Ginseng quinquefolium; fromâ′tălĭ, mountain, andgûlĭ′, “it climbs” (habitually);tsĭlăhĭ′ortsĭlĭ′, “I am climbing.” Also called in the sacred formulas,Yûñ′wĭ Usdi′, “Little Man.” Seenumber 126.a′tălulû—unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whenceutalu′lĭ, “it is not yet time.”Ata′lûñti′skĭ—a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from a precipice. Seenumber 100for instance.â′tărĭ—seeâ′tălĭ.ătăsĭ′ (orătăsû′, in a dialectic form)—a war club.atatsûñ′skĭ—stinging; literally, “he stings” (habitually).Aʻtlă′nuwă′—“Tlă′nuwă hole”; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee, (seeTsatănu′gĭ) originally applied to a bluff on the south side of the Tennessee river at the foot of the present Market street. Seenumber 124.A′tsĭ—the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at the English name Arch.atsi′la—fire; in the Lower dialect,atsi′ra.Atsil′-dihye′gĭ—“Fire Carrier”; apparently the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. See page335. As is usually the case in Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (“it carries fires”); the singular form isahye′gĭ.atsil′-sûñʻtĭ (abbreviatedtsil′-sûñʻtĭ)—fleabane (Erigeron canadense); the name signifies “material with which to make fire,” fromatsi′la, fire, andgasûñʻtĭ, (gatsûñʻtĭorgatlûñʻtĭ), material with which to make something; fromgasûñ′skû(orgatlûñ′skû), “I make it.” The plant is also calledihyâ′ga. Seenumber 126.Atsil′-tlûñtû′tsĭ—“Fire panther.” A meteor or comet. See notes tonumber 9.Atsi′la-wa′ĭ—“Fire ——”; a mountain, sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.a′tsĭnă′—cedar; cf. Muscogee,achenaorauchenau.A′tsĭnă′-kʻta′ûñ—“Hanging cedar place”; froma′tsină′, cedar, andkʻtaûñ, “where it (long) hangs down”; a Cherokee name for the old Taskigi town on Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 105.atsi′ra—seeatsi′la.Atsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ (abbreviatedAtsûñ′stăʻti′)—“Fire-light place,” (cf.atsil-sûñ′ʻtĭ), referring to the “fire-hunting” method of killing deer in the river at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Georgia.Attakullakulla—seeĂtă-gûlʻkălû′.ăwă′—seeămă′.awâ′hĭlĭ—eagle; particularlyAquila chrysætus, distinguished as the “pretty-feathered eagle.”aʻwĭ′—deer; also sometimes written and pronounced,ăhăwĭ′; the name is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the “flying stag” of early writers.aʻwĭ′-ahănu′lăhĭ—goat; literally, “bearded deer.”aʻwĭ′-aktă′—“deer eye”; theRudbeckiaor black-eyed Susan.aʻwĭ′-ahyeli′skĭ—“deer mocker”; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.aʻwĭ′-e′gwă (abbreviatedaʻw-e′gwă)—the elk, literally “great deer.”aʻwĭ′-unăde′na—sheep; literally “woolly deer.”Aʻwĭ′ Usdi′—“Little Deer”; the mythic chief of the Deer tribe. Seenumber 15.Ax, Annie—seeSadayĭ′.Ax, John—seeItăgû′năhĭ.Ayâ′sta—“The Spoiler,” fromtsiyâ′stihû, “I spoil it”; cf.uyâ′ĭ, bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.ayeʻlĭ—half, middle, in the middle.Ayrate—seee′lădĭ′.Ayuhwa′sĭ—the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished asAyuhwa′sĭ Egwâ′hĭor Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tennessee. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Lanman writes it Owassa.Aʻyûñ′inĭ—“Swimmer”; literally, “he is swimming,” fromgayûñinĭ′, “I am swimming.” A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee, died in 1899.Ayûlsû′—seeDayûlsûñ′yĭ.Beaverdam—seeUyʼgilâ′gĭ.Big-island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Big-cove—seeKâ′lanûñ′yĭ.Big-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.Big-witch—seeTskĭl-e′gwa.Bird-town—seeTsiskwâ′hĭ.Bloody-fellow—seeIskagua.Blythe—seeDiskwaʻnĭ.Black-fox—seeInâ′lĭ.Boudinot, Elias—seeGălăgi′na.Bowl, The;Bowles, Colonel—seeDiwaʻlĭ.Brass—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.Brasstown—seeItse′yĭ.Breath, The—seeÛñli′ta.Briertown—seeKănu′găʻlâ′yĭ.Buffalo(creek)—seeYûnsâ′ĭ.Bull-head—seeUskwăle′na.Butler, John—seeTsan′uga′sĭtă.Cade’s Cove—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Canacaught—“Canacaught, the great Conjurer,” mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possiblykanegwâ′tĭ, the water-moccasin snake. See page31.Canaly—seehi′gĭna′liĭ.Canasagua—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Cannastion,Cannostee—seeKăna′sta.Canuga—seeKănu′ga.Cartoogaja—seeGatu′gitse′yĭ.Cataluchee—seeGadalu′tsĭ.Cauchi—a place, apparently in the Cherokee country,visitedby Pardo in 1567 (see page29). The name may possibly have some connection with Nacoochee orNaguʻtsĭ′, q. v.Caunasaita—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly forKanûñsi′ta, “dogwood” (Cornus florida). See page31.Chalaque—seeTsă′lăgĭunder “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Chattanooga—seeTsatănu′gĭ.Chattooga,Chatuga—seeTsatu′gĭ.Cheeowhee—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Cheerake—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Cheowa—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Cheowa Maximum—seeSehwate′yĭ.Cheraqui—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Cheraw—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Cherokee—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182; alsoElăwâ′diyĭ.Chestatee—seeAtsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ.Chestua—seeTsistu′yĭ.Cheucunsene—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Cheulah—mentioned by Timberlake as the chief of Settacoo (Sĭ′tikû) in 1762. The name may be intended forTsuʻlă, “Fox.”Chickamauga—seeTsĭ′kăma′gĭ.Chilhowee—seeTsûʻlûñ′we.Chimney Tops—seeDuni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ.Chisca—mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection withTsi′skwa, “bird,” possiblyTsiskwâ′hĭ, “Bird place.”Choastea—seeTsistu′yĭ.Chopped Oak—seeDigălu′yătûñ′yĭ.Choquata—seeItsâ′tĭ.Chota,Chotte—seeItsâ′tĭ.Citico—seeSĭ′tikû′.Clear-sky—seeIskagua.Clennuse—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Cleveland—seeTsistetsi′yĭ.Coça—seeAni′-Ku′sa.Coco—seeKukû′.Cohutta—seeGahû′tĭ.Colanneh,Colona—seeKâ′lănû.Conasauga—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Conneross—seeKăwân′-urâ′sûñyĭ.Cooweescoowee—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.Coosa—seeAni′-Ku′saandKusă′.Coosawatee—seeKu′săweti′yĭ.Corani—seeKâ′lănû.Cossa—seeAni′-Ku′sa,Kusa.Cowee′—seeKawi′yĭ.Coweeta,Coweta—seeAni′-Kawi′tă.Coyatee(variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)—A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee. The correct form and etymology are uncertain.Creek-path—seeKu′să-nûñnâ′hĭ.Crow-town—seeKâgûñ′yĭ.Cuhtahlatah—a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form may have some connection withgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp.”Cullasagee—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.Cullowhee,Currahee—seeGûlâhi′yĭ.Cuttawa—seeKĭtu′hwă.dăganʻtû—“he makes it rain”; fromaga′skă, “it is raining,”aga′nă, “it has begun to rain”; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to presage rain. It is also calleda′niganti′skĭ, “they make it rain” (plural form), or “rain-maker.” Seenumber 59.dagûlʻkû—the American white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons gambeli). The name may be an onomatope. Seenumber 6.dăgû′nă—the fresh water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.Dăgûnâ′hĭ—“Mussel place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel, andhĭ, locative. The Muscle shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simplyTsuʻstănalûñ′yĭ, “Shoals place.” Cf.Uʻstăna′lĭ.Dăgû′năwe′lâhĭ—“Mussel-liver place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel,uwe′la, liver, andhĭ, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tennessee. No reason can now be given for the name.Dahlonega—A town in Lumpkin County, Georgia, near which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is from the Cherokeedală′nige′i, yellow, whenceate′lă-dalâ′nige′i, “yellow money,” i. e., gold.daksăwa′ihû—“he is shedding tears.”dăkwă′—a mythic great fish; also the whale. Seenumber 68.Dăkwă′ĭ—“Dăkwă place,” from a tradition of adăkwă′in the river at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 68. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.dakwa′nitlastestĭ—“I shall have them on my legs for garters”; fromanitla′stĭ(pluraldinitla′stĭ), garter;d-, initial plural;akwă, first person particle; andestĭ, future suffix. Seenumber 77.da′lĭkstă′—“vomiter,” fromdagik′stihû′, “I am vomiting,”dalikstă′, “he vomits” (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder (Heterodon), also sometimes calledkwandăya′hû, a word of uncertain etymology.Da′ʻnăgâstă—forDa′ʻnăwă-gâsta′yă, “Sharp-war,” i.e. “Eager-warrior”; a Cherokee woman’s name.Da′ʻnawa-(a)saʻtsûñ′yĭ “War ford,” fromda′ʻnawa, war, andasaʻtsûñ′yĭ, a crossing-place or ford. A ford on Cheowa river about three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Danda′gănû′—“Two looking at each other,” fromdetsi′gănû′, “I am looking at him.” A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton, Dade county, Georgia. One of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭ′kăma′gi), so called on account of the appearance of the mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.Da′siʻgiya′gĭ—an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders “Shoe-boots,” possibly referring to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da′siʻgiya′gĭ and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of the name Lloyd.Da′skwĭtûñ′yĭ—“Rafters place,” fromdaskwitûñ′ĭ, “rafters,” andyĭ, locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina.dasûñ′tălĭ—ant;dasûñ′tălĭ atatsûñ′skĭ, “stinging ant,” the large red cow-ant (Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case,nûñ′yunu′wĭ, “stone-clad,” after the fabulous monster. Seenumber 67.Datle′yăsta′ĭ—“Where they fell down,” a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122.dâtsĭ—a traditional water monster. Seenumber 122.Dâtsi′yĭ—“Dâtsĭ place”; a place on Little Tennessee river, near the junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Datsu′nălâsgûñ′yĭ—“where there are tracks or footprints,” fromulâ′sinûñ′yĭorulâsgûñ′yĭ, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes calledDe′găyelûñ′hă, “place of branded marks”; (digăletănûñ′hĭ, branded, or printed). Seenumber 125.dâ′yĭ—beaver.Dayûlsûñ′yĭ—“Place where they cried,” a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so called from an old tradition. Seenumber 80.dâ′yuni′sĭ—“beaver’s grandchild,” fromdâ′yĭ, beaver, anduni′sĭ, son’s child, of either sex (daughter’s child, either sex,uli′sĭ). The water beetle or mellow bug (Dineutes discolor).Degalʻgûñ′yĭ—a cairn, literally “Where they are piled up”; a series of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.De′gătâ′gă—The Cherokee name of General Stand Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The word is derived fromtsitâ′gă, “I am standing,”daʻnitâ′gă, “they are standing together,” and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human body.De′găyelûñ′hă—seeDatsu′nalâsgûñ′yĭ.detsănûñ′lĭ—an inclosure or piece of level ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the Green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but can not be certainly analyzed.De′tsătă—a Cherokee sprite. Seenumber 78.detsinu′lăhûñgû′—“I tried, but failed.”Didaʻlâski′yĭ—“Showering place.” In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean “The place where it rains fire.” It signifies literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something animate, and has no definite reference to fire (atsi′la) or rain (agăskă, “it is raining”);degaʻlâskû′, “they are showering down and lodging upon him.”Dida′skasti′yĭ—“Where they were afraid of each other.” A spot on Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.diga′gwănĭ′—the mud-hen or didapper (Gallinula galeata). The name is a plural form and implies “lame,” or “crippled in the legs” (cf.detsi′nigwă′nă, “I am kneeling”), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in the water. It is also the name of a dance.Diga′kati′yĭ—seeGakati′yĭ.di′gălûñgûñ′yĭ—“where it rises, or comes up”; the east. The sacred term isNûñdâ′yĭ, q. v.digălûñ′lătiyûñ—a height, one of a series, fromgalûn′lătĭ, “above.” Seenumber 1.Digălu′yătûñ′yĭ—“Where it is gashed (with hatchets)”; fromtsilu′yû, “I am cutting (with a chopping stroke),”di, plural prefix, andyĭ, locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Georgia. Seenumber 125.Digăne′skĭ—“He picks them up” (habitually), fromtsĭne′û, “I am picking it up.” A Cherokee Union soldier in the civil war. See page171.digi′găge′ĭ—the plural ofgi′găge′ĭ, red.digû′lanăhi′ta—fordigû′lĭ-anăhi′ta, “having long ears,” “long-eared”; fromgûlĕ, “ear” andgûnahi′ta, “long.”Dihyûñ′dulă′—“Sheaths,” or “Scabbards”; singularahyûñ′dulă′, “a gun sheath,” or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a name which appears in Revolutionary documents as “Untoola, or Gun Rod.”diktă′—plural ofaktă′, eye.dĭlă′—skunk.dilsta′yaʻtĭ—“scissors”; the water-spider (Dolomedes).dinda′skwate′skĭ—the violet; the name signifies, “they pull each other’s heads off.”dine′tlănă—the creation.diʻnûskĭ—“the breeder”; a variety of smilax brier. Seenumber 126.Disgâ′gisti′yĭ—“Where they gnaw”; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.diskwaʻnĭ—“chestnut bread,” i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.distai′yĭ—“they are strong,” plural ofastai′yĭ, “strong, or tough.” TheTephrosiaor devil’s-shoestring. Seenumber 126.dista′stĭ—a mill (generic).dita′stayeskĭ—“a barber,” literally “one who cuts things” (as with a scissors), fromtsista′yû, “I cut,” (as with a scissors). The cricket (tăla′tŭ) is sometimes so called. Seenumber 59.Diwa′ʻlĭ—“Bowl,” a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned on page 100 may have been another of the same name.diyâ′hălĭ (orduyâ′hălĭ)—the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulalus). Seenumber 59.Diyâ′hăli′yĭ—“Lizard place,” fromdiyâ′hălĭ, lizard, andyĭ, locative. Joanna bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river, on the line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122; alsonumber 59.Double-head—seeTăl-tsu′skă′.Dragging-canoe—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Dudûñ′leksûñ′yĭ—“Where its legs were broken off”; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Dugilu′yĭ (abbreviatedDugilu′, and commonly written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)—a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river, so called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham county, Georgia. The word is of uncertain etymology, but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.Dûksa′ĭ, Dûkwʻsa′ĭ—The correct form of the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in South Carolina, and the creek upon which it stood, an extreme head-stream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean “Place of shedding tears.” Seenumber 123.Dulastûñ′yĭ—“Potsherd place.” A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.dule′tsĭ—“kernels,” a goitrous swelling upon the throat.dulu′sĭ—a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river. Seenumber 125.Duniyaʻtaʻlûñ′yĭ—“Where there are shelves, or flat places,” fromayaʻte′nĭ, flat, whenceda′yaʻtanaʻlûñ′ĭ′, a shelf, andyĭ′, the locative. A gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman’s dome, Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.Dunidû′lalûñ′yĭ—“Where they made arrows”; a place on Straight creek, a head-stream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Duni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ—the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in the Great Smoky mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. On the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a “forked antler,” fromuskwaʻlgû, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.Du′stăyalûñ′yĭ—“Where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,” apparently referring to a lightning stroke (detsistăya′hihû, “I make a shooting, or thundering, noise,” might be a first person form used by the personified Thunder-god); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina. A former settlement along the creek bore the same name. Seenumber 79.du′stu′—a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope.Itis the correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as “Tooantuh or Spring Frog.”Dutch—seeTătsĭ′.duwĕʻgă—the spring lizard. Seenumber 59.Eagle dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ′ Ûlsgi′stĭ.Eastinaulee—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Echoee—seeItse′yĭ.Echota—seeItsâ′tĭ.Edâ′hĭ—“He goes about” (habitually); a masculine name.Echota, New—seeGănsâ′gĭ.edâ′tă—my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidâ′tă.edu′tŭ—my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidu′tŭ; cf.eni′sĭ.e′gwa—great; cf.u′tănû.egwâ′nĭ—river.Egwânulʻtĭ—“By the river,” fromegwâ′nĭ, river, andnu′lătĭornulʻtĭ, near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing through the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina. The Cherokee town, “Oconalufte,” mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a considerable mound.elă—earth, ground.e′lădĭ′—low, below; in the Lower dialecte′rădĭ′, whence the Ayrate or Lower Cherokee of Adair as distinguished from the Ottare (â′tărĭ,â′tălĭ) or Upper Cherokee.elanti—a song form fore′lădĭ, q. v.Elătse′yĭ (abbreviatedElătse′)—possibly “Green (Verdant) earth,” fromelă, earth, anditse′yĭ, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in South Carolina; another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer county, Georgia; and still another was on Ellejoy creek of Little river near the present Maryville, in Blount county, Tennessee.Elăwâ′diyĭ (abbreviatedElăwâ′di)—“Red-earth place” fromelă, earth,wâdi, brown-red or red paint, andyĭ, the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of Yellow-hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee, the postoffice and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river in Swain county, North Carolina. 2. A former council ground, known in history as Red Clay, at the site of the present village of that name in Whitfield county, Georgia, adjoining the Tennessee line.Ellijay—seeElătse′yĭ.eni′sĭ—my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagini′sĭ. Cf.edu′tŭ.Eskaqua—seeIskagua.Estanaula,Estinaula—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Ĕtăwa′hă-tsistatla′skĭ—“Deadwood-lighter,” a traditional Cherokee conjurer. Seenumber 100.eʻtĭ, or etĭ—old, long ago.Etowah—seeI′tăwă′.Etsaiyĭ′—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.etsĭ′—my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagitsĭ′.Euharlee—seeYuha′lĭ′.Feather dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ,Ûlsgi′stĭ.Fighting-town—seeWalâs′-unûlsli′yĭ.Flax-toter—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.Flying-squirrel—seeKâ′lahû′.French Broad—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.Frogtown—seeWalâsi′yĭ.Gadalu′lŭ—the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as Yonah (fromyânû, “bear”), or upper Chattahoochee river, in White county, Georgia. The name has no connection with Tallulah (seeTălulŭ′), and can not be translated.Gadalu′tsĭ—in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, in North Carolina, and of a creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of the ridge only and seems to refer to a “fringe standing erect,” apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; fromwadălu′yătă, fringe,gadû′tă, “standing up in a row or series.”găhăwi′sita—parched corn; improperly spelledwissactawby Hawkins. See note undernumber 83.Gahûtĭ (Gahû′tăandGwahû′tĭin dialectic forms)—Cohutta mountain, in Murray county, Georgia. The name comes fromgahûtâ′yĭ, “a shed roof supported on poles,” and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.Gakăti′yĭ—“Place of setting free”; sometimes spoken in the plural form,Diga′kăti′yĭ, “Place of setting them free.” A point on Tuckasegee river about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.gaktûñ′ta—an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu.Tsigaʻte′gû, “I am observing an injunction, or tabu”;adakte′gĭ, “he is under tabu regulations.”Gălăgi′na—a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes tityus?). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor. See page111.găli′sgisidâ′hû—I am dancing about; fromgăli′sgiă′, “I am dancing,” andedâhû′, “I am going about.”gălûñkw′ti′yu—honored, sacred; used in the bible to mean holy, hallowed.gălûñ′lătĭ—above, on high.găne′ga—skin.ganidawâ′skĭ—the campion, catchfly or “rattlesnake’s master” (Silene stellata); the name signifies “it disjoints itself,” fromganidawâskû′, “it is unjointing itself,” on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.Gănsâ′gĭ (orGănsâgiyĭ)—the name of several former settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One town of this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek, in McMinn county, Tennessee; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterward was located the Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordoncounty, Georgia; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain, Georgia (see page197).Gănsaʻti′yĭ—“Robbing place,” fromtsina′sahûñskû′, “I am robbing him.” Vengeance creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name Vengeance was originally a white man’s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal. Seenumber 122.Gănsĕʻtĭ—a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from a gourd the masculine name, Gănsĕʻtĭ, is usually rendered by the whites, “Rattling-gourd.”gatayûstĭ—the wheel and stick game of the southern tribes, incorrectly callednettecawawby Timberlake. See note undernumber 3.Gâtegwâ′—forGâtegwâ′hĭ, possibly a contraction ofIgât(ĭ)-egwâ′hĭ, “Great-swamp (-thicket)place.” A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain. Seenumber 75.ga′tsû—seehatlû′.Gatu′gitse′yĭ (abbreviatedGatu′gitse′)—“New-settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭorsgatu′gĭ, town, settlement,itse′hĭ, new, especially applied to new vegetation, andyĭ, the locative. A former settlement on Cartoogaja creek of Little Tennessee river, above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.Gatuti′yĭ—“Town-building place,” or “Settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭ, a settlement, andyĭ, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Gatûñ′lti′yĭ—“Hemp place,” fromgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp” (Apocynum cannabinum), andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.Gatûñ′waʻlĭ—a noted western Cherokee about 1842, known to the whites as “Hard-mush” or “Big-mush.”Gatûñ′waʻlĭ, fromga′tŭ′, “bread,” andûñwa′ʻlĭ, “made into balls or lumps,” is a sort of mush of parched corn meal, made very thick, so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.ge′ĭ—down stream, down the road, with the current;tsâ′gĭ, up stream.gese′ĭ—was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the formhi′gese′ĭit usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.Geʻyăgu′ga (forAge′hyă-guga?)—a formulistic name for the moon (nûñ′dă′); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the wordage′hyă, “woman.” See alsonûñ′dă′.gigă—blood; cf.gi′găge′ĭ, red.gi′gă-danegi′skĭ—“blood taker,” fromgigă, blood, andada′negi′skĭ, “one who takes liquids,” fromtsi′negiă′, “I am taking it” (liquid). Another name for thetsâne′nĭor scorpion lizard. Seenumber 59.gi′găge′ĭ—red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished aswâ′dige′ĭ.gi′gă-tsuha′ʻlĭ—“bloody-mouth,” literally, “having blood on the corners of his mouth”; fromgigă, blood, andtsuhănûñsi′yĭ, the corners of the mouth (ăha′lĭ, his mouth). A large lizard, probably thePleistodon. Seenumber 59.giʻlĭ′—dog; in the Lower dialect,giʻrĭ′.Giʻlĭ′-dinĕhûñ′yĭ—“Where the dogs live,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog,dinĕhû′, “they dwell” (ĕhû, “I dwell”), andyĭ, locative. A place on Oconaluftee river, a short distance above Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Giʻlĭ′-utsûñ′stănuñ′yĭ—“Where the dog ran,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog, andutsûñ′stănûñ′yĭ, “footprints made by an animal running”; the Milky Way. Seenumber 11.

The Cherokee language has the continental vowel soundsa,e,i, andu, but lackso, which is replaced by a deepâ. The obscure or shortûis frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial ism, which occurs in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in whichwtakes its place. The characteristiclof the Upper and Middle dialects becomesrin the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds. There is also an aspiratedl;kandthave the ordinary sounds of these letters, butganddare medials, approximating the sounds ofkandt, respectively. A frequent double consonant ists, commonly renderedchby the old traders (see p.188, “Dialects”).aas in far.ăas in what, or obscure as in showman.âas in law, all.dmedial (semisonant), approximating t.eas in they.ĕas in net.gmedial (semisonant), approximating k.has in hat.ias in pique.ĭas in pick.kas in kick.las in lull.ʻlsurd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.mas in man.nas in not.rtakes place of l in Lower dialect.sas in sin.tas in top.uas in rule.ûas in cut.ûñû nasalized.was in wit.yas in you.ʻa slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission of a vowel.A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced into the glossary, and these, together with corrupted Cherokee forms, are indicated by small capitals.adâ′lănûñ′stĭ—a staff or cane.adan′ta—soul.ada′wehĭ—a magician or supernatural being.ada′wehi′yu—a very great magician; intensive form ofada′wehĭ.â′gănă—groundhog.Â′gănstâ′ta—“Groundhog-sausage,” fromâ′gănă, groundhog, andtsistâ′û, “I am pounding it,” understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the Revolution; known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.Â′găn-uni′tsĭ—“Groundhogs’-mother,” fromâ′gănăanduni′tsĭ, their mother, plural ofutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′,agitĭ′, my mother). The Cherokee name of a Shawano captive, who, according to tradition, killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulûñsû′tĭ.Agawe′la—“Old Woman,” a formulistic name for corn or the spirit of corn.agăyûñ′li—foragăyûñ′lige, old, ancient.agidâ′tă—seeedâ′tă.agidu′tŭ—seeedu′tŭ.Agiʻlĭ—“He is rising,” possibly a contraction of an old personal name,Agin′-agiʻlĭ, “Rising-fawn.” Major George Lowrey, cousin of Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly makes it “Keeth-la, or Dog” (forgiʻlĭ′.)agini′sĭ—seeeni′sĭ.agi′sĭ—female, applied usually to quadrupeds.Agis′-e′gwa—“Great Female,” possibly “Great Doe.” A being, probably an animal god, invoked in the sacred formulas.agitsĭ′—see etsĭ′.Agitstaʻti′yĭ—“Where they stayed up all night,” fromtsigitsûñ′tihû′, “I stay up all night.” A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.Aguaquiri—seeGuaquili.Ăhălu′na—“Ambush,”Ăhălunûñ′yĭ, “Ambush place,” orUni′hălu′na, “Where they ambushed,” fromăkălu′ga, “I am watching”. Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, North Carolina (seenumber 122). The name is also applied to a lookout station for deer hunters.ahănu′lăhĭ—“he is bearded,” fromahănu′lăhû, a beard.Ahu′lude′gĭ—“He throws away the drum” (habitual), fromahu′lĭ, drum, andakwăde′gû, “I am throwing it away” (round object). The Cherokee name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston, about 1800.ahyeli′skĭ—a mocker or mimic.aktă′—eye; plural,diktă′.akta′tĭ—a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, fromaktă′, eye.akwandu′li—a song form forakwidu′li(-hû, “I want it.”Akwanʻkĭ—seeAnakwanʻkĭ.Akwĕʻti′yĭ—a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost. Seenumber 122.Alarka—seeYalâgĭ.âligă′—the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).Alkinĭ′—the last woman known to be of Natchez descent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent meaning.ămă′—water; in the Lower dialect,ăwă′; cf.a′mă, salt.amăyĕ′hĭ—“dwelling in the water,” fromămă′(ămă′yĭ, “in the water”) andĕhû′, “I dwell,” “I live.”Ămăyeʻl-e′gwa—“Great island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island (fromămă′, water, andayeʻlĭ, “in the middle”) ande′gwa, great. A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tennessee. Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded with Long-island town below Chattanooga.Ămăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta—“Long island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island, andgûnahi′ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites as Long Island town, at the Long island in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ).amă′yĭnĕ′hi—“dwellers in the water,” plural ofamăyĕ′hĭ.Anăda′dûñtăskĭ—“Roasters,” i. e., Cannibals; fromgûñ′tăskû′, “I am putting it (round) into the fire to roast.” The regular word for cannibals isYûñ′wini′giskĭ, q. v. Seenumber 3.anagâhûñ′ûñskû′—the Green-corn dance; literally, “they are having a Green-corn dance”;anagâhûñ′ûñsgûñ′yĭ, “where they are having the Green-corn dance”; the popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.Anakwanʻkĭ—the Delaware Indians; singularAkwanʻkĭ, a Cherokee attempt atWapanaqkĭ, “Easterners,” the Algonquian name by which, in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western tribes.Anantooeah—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ.aʻne′tsâ, or aʻnetsâ′gĭ—the ballplay.aʻnetsâ′ûñskĭ—a ballplayer; literally, “a lover of the ballplay.”ani′—a tribal and animate prefix.ani′da′wehĭ—plural ofada′wehĭ.a′niganti′skĭ—seedăganʻtû.Ani′-Gatăge′wĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; the name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered “Blind savanna,” from an incorrect idea that it is derived fromigâ′tĭ, a swamp or savanna, anddige′wĭ, blind.Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ—“Long-haired people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular,Agilâ′hĭ. The word comes fromagilâ′hĭ(perhaps connected withagiʻlge-nĭ, “the back of (his) neck”), an archaic term denoting wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying more particularly to a woman.Ani′-Gilĭ′—a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. See page381. The name is not connected withgiʻlĭ, dog.Ani′-Gusă—seeAni′-Ku′să.a′nigwa—soon after;dine′tlănă a′nigwa, “soon after the creation.”Ani′-Hyûñ′tĭkwălâ′skĭ—“The Thunderers,” i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound; cf.tĭkwăle′lu, a wheel, hence a wagon;ămă′-tĭkwălelûñyĭ, “rolling water place,” applied to a cascade where the water falls along the surface of the rock;ahyûñ′tĭkwălâ′stihû′, “it is thundering,” applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.Ani′-Kawĭ′—“Deer people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer isaʻwĭ′.Ani′-Kawi′tă—The Lower Creeks, from Kawi′tă or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus, Georgia; the UpperCreeks on the head streams of Alabama river were distinguished asAni′-Ku′să(q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina, is now known as Coweeta creek.Ani′-Kĭtu′hwagĭ—“Kĭtu′hwă people,” fromKĭtu′hwă(q. v.), an ancient Cherokee settlement; for explanation see page182.Ani′-Ku′să or Ani′-Gu′să,—The Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular,A-Ku′să, from Kusa or Coosa (Spanish, Coça, Cossa) their principal ancient town.Ani′-Kuta′nĭ (alsoAni′-Kwăta′-nĭ, or, incorrectly,Nicotani)—a traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan, exterminated in a popular uprising. Seenumber 108.aninâ′hilidâhĭ—“creatures that fly about,” fromtsĭnai′lĭ, “I am flying,”tsĭnâ′iladâ′hû, “I am flying about.” The generic term for birds and flying insects.Ani′-Naʻtsĭ—abbreviatedAnintsĭ, singularA-Naʻtsĭ. The Natchez Indians; from coincidence withnaʻtsĭ, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered “Pine Indians,” whereas it is really a Cherokee plural of the proper name of the Natchez.Anin′tsĭ—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.Ani′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ—singular,Nûn′dăwe′gĭ; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, fromNûndawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known asAni′-Sĕ′nikă.Ani′-Sahâ′nĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic form for “Blue people,” fromsaʻka′ni,saʻka′nige′ĭ, blue.Ani′-Sa′nĭ, Ani′-Sawahâ′nĭ—seeAni′-Sawănu′gĭ.Ani′-Sawănu′gĭ (singularSawănu′gi)—the Shawano Indians.Ani′-Sa′nĭandAni′-Sawahâ′nĭ(see page380) may be the same.Ani′-Sĕ′nikă.—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.anisga′ya—plural ofasga′ya, man.Anisga′ya Tsunsdi′(-ga)—“The Little Men”; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology. Seenumbers 3and8.Ani′sgaya′yĭ—“Men town” (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.anisgi′na—plural ofasgi′na, q. v.Ani′-Skălâ′lĭ—the Tuscarora Indians; singular,Skalâ′lĭorA-Skălâ′ĭ.Ani′skwa′nĭ—Spaniards; singular,Askwa′nĭ.Ani′-Suwa′lĭ, or Ani-′Suwa′la—the Suala, Sara, or Cheraw Indians, formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the later Pardo narrative.Ani′ta′gwă—the Catawba Indians; singular,Ata′gwă, orTagwă.Ani′-Tsâ′gûhĭ—a traditional Cherokee clan, transformed to bears (seenumber 75). Swimmer’s daughter bears the nameTsâgûhĭ, which is not recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.Ani′-Tsa′lăgi′—the Cherokee. See “Tribal Synonymy,” page182.Ani′-Tsaʻta—the Choctaw Indians; singular,Tsaʻta.Ani′-Tsĭ′ksû—the Chickasaw Indians; singular,Tsĭ′ksû.Ani′-Tsi′skwa—“Bird people;” one of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′tsu′tsă—“The Boys,” fromatsu′tsă, boy; the Pleiades. Seenumber 10.Ani′-Wâ′dĭ—“Paint people”; one of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′-Wâdihĭ′—“Place of the Paint people or clan”; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from theAni′-Wâ′dĭor Paint clan.ani′wani′skĭ—the bugle weed,Lycopus virginicus; literally, “they talk” or “talkers,” fromtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking,”awani′skĭ, “he talks habitually.” Seenumber 26.Ani′-Wasa′sĭ—the Osage Indians; singular,Wasa′sĭ.Ani′-Wa′ʻya—“Wolf people”; the most important of the seven Cherokee clans.Ani′-Yu′tsĭ—the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singularYu′tsĭ.Ani′-Yûñ′wiyă′—Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally “principal or real people,” fromyûñwĭ, person,yă, a suffix implying principal or real, andani′, the tribal prefix. See pages5and182.Annie Ax—seeSadayĭ′.Aquone—a post-office on Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption ofegwânĭ, river.Arch, John—seeAtsĭ.asâ′gwălihû′—a pack or burden;asâ′gwălʻlû′orasâ′gwĭʻlĭ, “there is a pack on him.” Cfsâ′gwălĭ′.asĕhĭ′—surely.Asĕ′nikă—singular ofAni′-Sĕ′nikă. SeeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.asga′ya—man.Asga′ya Gi′găgeĭ—the “Red Man”; the Lightning spirit.asgi′na—a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered “devil.”Asheville—seeKâsdu′yĭandUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.âsĭ—the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low-built structure of logs covered with earth, and from its closeness and the fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the “hot house.”â′siyu′ (abbreviatedsiyu′)—good; the common Cherokee salute;gâ′siyu′, “I am good”;hâ′siyu′, “thou art good”;â′siyu, “he (it) is good”;âstû, “very good” (intensive).Askwa′nĭ—a Spaniard. SeeAni′skwa′nĭ.âstû′—very good;âstû tsĭkĭ′, very good, best of all. Cfâ′siyu′.Astu′gatâ′ga—A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service, killed in 1862. See page170. The name may be rendered, “Standing in the doorway” but implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first person;gatâ′ga, “he is standing”;stuʻtĭ, a door or shutter;stuhû′, a closed door or passage;stugi′stĭ, a key, i. e. something with which to open a door.asûñ′tlĭ, asûñtlûñ′yĭ—a footlog or bridge; literally, “log lying across,” fromasi′ta, log.ătă′—wood;ata′yă, “principal wood,” i. e. oak; cf. Muscogeeiti, wood.Atagâ′hĭ—“Gall place,” fromă′tăgû′, gall, andhĭ, locative; a mythic lake in the Great Smoky mountains. Seenumber 69. The name is also applied to that part of the Great Smoky range centering about Thunderhead mountain and Miry ridge, near the boundary between Swain county, North Carolina, and Blount county, Tennessee.ă′tăgû′—gall.Ătă′-gûlʻkălû′—a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British government as the head chief or “emperor” of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered “Leaning-wood,” fromătă′, “wood” andgûlʻkălû, a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as “a man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior abilities.”Ata′gwa—a Catawba Indian. SeeAni′la′gwă.Aʻtâhi′ta—abbreviated fromAʻtâhitûñ′yĭ, “Place where they shouted,” fromgatâ′hiû′, “I shout,” andyĭ, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of Franklin,Macon county, North. Carolina. Seenumber 13. The map name is probably from the Cherokeewaʻya, wolf.Ata-kullakulla—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû′.â′tălĭ—mountain; in the Lower dialectâ′tărĭ, whence the “Ottare” or Upper Cherokee of Adair. The formâ′tălĭis used only in composition; a mountain in situ isâtălûñyĭorgatu′sĭ.â′tălĭ-gûlĭ′—“it climbs the mountain,” i. e., “mountain-climber”; the ginseng plant,Ginseng quinquefolium; fromâ′tălĭ, mountain, andgûlĭ′, “it climbs” (habitually);tsĭlăhĭ′ortsĭlĭ′, “I am climbing.” Also called in the sacred formulas,Yûñ′wĭ Usdi′, “Little Man.” Seenumber 126.a′tălulû—unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whenceutalu′lĭ, “it is not yet time.”Ata′lûñti′skĭ—a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from a precipice. Seenumber 100for instance.â′tărĭ—seeâ′tălĭ.ătăsĭ′ (orătăsû′, in a dialectic form)—a war club.atatsûñ′skĭ—stinging; literally, “he stings” (habitually).Aʻtlă′nuwă′—“Tlă′nuwă hole”; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee, (seeTsatănu′gĭ) originally applied to a bluff on the south side of the Tennessee river at the foot of the present Market street. Seenumber 124.A′tsĭ—the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at the English name Arch.atsi′la—fire; in the Lower dialect,atsi′ra.Atsil′-dihye′gĭ—“Fire Carrier”; apparently the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. See page335. As is usually the case in Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (“it carries fires”); the singular form isahye′gĭ.atsil′-sûñʻtĭ (abbreviatedtsil′-sûñʻtĭ)—fleabane (Erigeron canadense); the name signifies “material with which to make fire,” fromatsi′la, fire, andgasûñʻtĭ, (gatsûñʻtĭorgatlûñʻtĭ), material with which to make something; fromgasûñ′skû(orgatlûñ′skû), “I make it.” The plant is also calledihyâ′ga. Seenumber 126.Atsil′-tlûñtû′tsĭ—“Fire panther.” A meteor or comet. See notes tonumber 9.Atsi′la-wa′ĭ—“Fire ——”; a mountain, sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.a′tsĭnă′—cedar; cf. Muscogee,achenaorauchenau.A′tsĭnă′-kʻta′ûñ—“Hanging cedar place”; froma′tsină′, cedar, andkʻtaûñ, “where it (long) hangs down”; a Cherokee name for the old Taskigi town on Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 105.atsi′ra—seeatsi′la.Atsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ (abbreviatedAtsûñ′stăʻti′)—“Fire-light place,” (cf.atsil-sûñ′ʻtĭ), referring to the “fire-hunting” method of killing deer in the river at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Georgia.Attakullakulla—seeĂtă-gûlʻkălû′.ăwă′—seeămă′.awâ′hĭlĭ—eagle; particularlyAquila chrysætus, distinguished as the “pretty-feathered eagle.”aʻwĭ′—deer; also sometimes written and pronounced,ăhăwĭ′; the name is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the “flying stag” of early writers.aʻwĭ′-ahănu′lăhĭ—goat; literally, “bearded deer.”aʻwĭ′-aktă′—“deer eye”; theRudbeckiaor black-eyed Susan.aʻwĭ′-ahyeli′skĭ—“deer mocker”; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.aʻwĭ′-e′gwă (abbreviatedaʻw-e′gwă)—the elk, literally “great deer.”aʻwĭ′-unăde′na—sheep; literally “woolly deer.”Aʻwĭ′ Usdi′—“Little Deer”; the mythic chief of the Deer tribe. Seenumber 15.Ax, Annie—seeSadayĭ′.Ax, John—seeItăgû′năhĭ.Ayâ′sta—“The Spoiler,” fromtsiyâ′stihû, “I spoil it”; cf.uyâ′ĭ, bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.ayeʻlĭ—half, middle, in the middle.Ayrate—seee′lădĭ′.Ayuhwa′sĭ—the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished asAyuhwa′sĭ Egwâ′hĭor Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tennessee. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Lanman writes it Owassa.Aʻyûñ′inĭ—“Swimmer”; literally, “he is swimming,” fromgayûñinĭ′, “I am swimming.” A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee, died in 1899.Ayûlsû′—seeDayûlsûñ′yĭ.Beaverdam—seeUyʼgilâ′gĭ.Big-island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.Big-cove—seeKâ′lanûñ′yĭ.Big-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.Big-witch—seeTskĭl-e′gwa.Bird-town—seeTsiskwâ′hĭ.Bloody-fellow—seeIskagua.Blythe—seeDiskwaʻnĭ.Black-fox—seeInâ′lĭ.Boudinot, Elias—seeGălăgi′na.Bowl, The;Bowles, Colonel—seeDiwaʻlĭ.Brass—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.Brasstown—seeItse′yĭ.Breath, The—seeÛñli′ta.Briertown—seeKănu′găʻlâ′yĭ.Buffalo(creek)—seeYûnsâ′ĭ.Bull-head—seeUskwăle′na.Butler, John—seeTsan′uga′sĭtă.Cade’s Cove—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Canacaught—“Canacaught, the great Conjurer,” mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possiblykanegwâ′tĭ, the water-moccasin snake. See page31.Canaly—seehi′gĭna′liĭ.Canasagua—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Cannastion,Cannostee—seeKăna′sta.Canuga—seeKănu′ga.Cartoogaja—seeGatu′gitse′yĭ.Cataluchee—seeGadalu′tsĭ.Cauchi—a place, apparently in the Cherokee country,visitedby Pardo in 1567 (see page29). The name may possibly have some connection with Nacoochee orNaguʻtsĭ′, q. v.Caunasaita—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly forKanûñsi′ta, “dogwood” (Cornus florida). See page31.Chalaque—seeTsă′lăgĭunder “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Chattanooga—seeTsatănu′gĭ.Chattooga,Chatuga—seeTsatu′gĭ.Cheeowhee—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Cheerake—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Cheowa—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.Cheowa Maximum—seeSehwate′yĭ.Cheraqui—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.Cheraw—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.Cherokee—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182; alsoElăwâ′diyĭ.Chestatee—seeAtsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ.Chestua—seeTsistu′yĭ.Cheucunsene—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Cheulah—mentioned by Timberlake as the chief of Settacoo (Sĭ′tikû) in 1762. The name may be intended forTsuʻlă, “Fox.”Chickamauga—seeTsĭ′kăma′gĭ.Chilhowee—seeTsûʻlûñ′we.Chimney Tops—seeDuni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ.Chisca—mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection withTsi′skwa, “bird,” possiblyTsiskwâ′hĭ, “Bird place.”Choastea—seeTsistu′yĭ.Chopped Oak—seeDigălu′yătûñ′yĭ.Choquata—seeItsâ′tĭ.Chota,Chotte—seeItsâ′tĭ.Citico—seeSĭ′tikû′.Clear-sky—seeIskagua.Clennuse—seeTlanusi′yĭ.Cleveland—seeTsistetsi′yĭ.Coça—seeAni′-Ku′sa.Coco—seeKukû′.Cohutta—seeGahû′tĭ.Colanneh,Colona—seeKâ′lănû.Conasauga—seeGănsâ′gĭ.Conneross—seeKăwân′-urâ′sûñyĭ.Cooweescoowee—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.Coosa—seeAni′-Ku′saandKusă′.Coosawatee—seeKu′săweti′yĭ.Corani—seeKâ′lănû.Cossa—seeAni′-Ku′sa,Kusa.Cowee′—seeKawi′yĭ.Coweeta,Coweta—seeAni′-Kawi′tă.Coyatee(variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)—A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee. The correct form and etymology are uncertain.Creek-path—seeKu′să-nûñnâ′hĭ.Crow-town—seeKâgûñ′yĭ.Cuhtahlatah—a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form may have some connection withgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp.”Cullasagee—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.Cullowhee,Currahee—seeGûlâhi′yĭ.Cuttawa—seeKĭtu′hwă.dăganʻtû—“he makes it rain”; fromaga′skă, “it is raining,”aga′nă, “it has begun to rain”; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to presage rain. It is also calleda′niganti′skĭ, “they make it rain” (plural form), or “rain-maker.” Seenumber 59.dagûlʻkû—the American white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons gambeli). The name may be an onomatope. Seenumber 6.dăgû′nă—the fresh water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.Dăgûnâ′hĭ—“Mussel place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel, andhĭ, locative. The Muscle shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simplyTsuʻstănalûñ′yĭ, “Shoals place.” Cf.Uʻstăna′lĭ.Dăgû′năwe′lâhĭ—“Mussel-liver place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel,uwe′la, liver, andhĭ, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tennessee. No reason can now be given for the name.Dahlonega—A town in Lumpkin County, Georgia, near which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is from the Cherokeedală′nige′i, yellow, whenceate′lă-dalâ′nige′i, “yellow money,” i. e., gold.daksăwa′ihû—“he is shedding tears.”dăkwă′—a mythic great fish; also the whale. Seenumber 68.Dăkwă′ĭ—“Dăkwă place,” from a tradition of adăkwă′in the river at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 68. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.dakwa′nitlastestĭ—“I shall have them on my legs for garters”; fromanitla′stĭ(pluraldinitla′stĭ), garter;d-, initial plural;akwă, first person particle; andestĭ, future suffix. Seenumber 77.da′lĭkstă′—“vomiter,” fromdagik′stihû′, “I am vomiting,”dalikstă′, “he vomits” (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder (Heterodon), also sometimes calledkwandăya′hû, a word of uncertain etymology.Da′ʻnăgâstă—forDa′ʻnăwă-gâsta′yă, “Sharp-war,” i.e. “Eager-warrior”; a Cherokee woman’s name.Da′ʻnawa-(a)saʻtsûñ′yĭ “War ford,” fromda′ʻnawa, war, andasaʻtsûñ′yĭ, a crossing-place or ford. A ford on Cheowa river about three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Danda′gănû′—“Two looking at each other,” fromdetsi′gănû′, “I am looking at him.” A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton, Dade county, Georgia. One of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭ′kăma′gi), so called on account of the appearance of the mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.Da′siʻgiya′gĭ—an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders “Shoe-boots,” possibly referring to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da′siʻgiya′gĭ and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of the name Lloyd.Da′skwĭtûñ′yĭ—“Rafters place,” fromdaskwitûñ′ĭ, “rafters,” andyĭ, locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina.dasûñ′tălĭ—ant;dasûñ′tălĭ atatsûñ′skĭ, “stinging ant,” the large red cow-ant (Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case,nûñ′yunu′wĭ, “stone-clad,” after the fabulous monster. Seenumber 67.Datle′yăsta′ĭ—“Where they fell down,” a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122.dâtsĭ—a traditional water monster. Seenumber 122.Dâtsi′yĭ—“Dâtsĭ place”; a place on Little Tennessee river, near the junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Datsu′nălâsgûñ′yĭ—“where there are tracks or footprints,” fromulâ′sinûñ′yĭorulâsgûñ′yĭ, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes calledDe′găyelûñ′hă, “place of branded marks”; (digăletănûñ′hĭ, branded, or printed). Seenumber 125.dâ′yĭ—beaver.Dayûlsûñ′yĭ—“Place where they cried,” a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so called from an old tradition. Seenumber 80.dâ′yuni′sĭ—“beaver’s grandchild,” fromdâ′yĭ, beaver, anduni′sĭ, son’s child, of either sex (daughter’s child, either sex,uli′sĭ). The water beetle or mellow bug (Dineutes discolor).Degalʻgûñ′yĭ—a cairn, literally “Where they are piled up”; a series of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.De′gătâ′gă—The Cherokee name of General Stand Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The word is derived fromtsitâ′gă, “I am standing,”daʻnitâ′gă, “they are standing together,” and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human body.De′găyelûñ′hă—seeDatsu′nalâsgûñ′yĭ.detsănûñ′lĭ—an inclosure or piece of level ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the Green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but can not be certainly analyzed.De′tsătă—a Cherokee sprite. Seenumber 78.detsinu′lăhûñgû′—“I tried, but failed.”Didaʻlâski′yĭ—“Showering place.” In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean “The place where it rains fire.” It signifies literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something animate, and has no definite reference to fire (atsi′la) or rain (agăskă, “it is raining”);degaʻlâskû′, “they are showering down and lodging upon him.”Dida′skasti′yĭ—“Where they were afraid of each other.” A spot on Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.diga′gwănĭ′—the mud-hen or didapper (Gallinula galeata). The name is a plural form and implies “lame,” or “crippled in the legs” (cf.detsi′nigwă′nă, “I am kneeling”), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in the water. It is also the name of a dance.Diga′kati′yĭ—seeGakati′yĭ.di′gălûñgûñ′yĭ—“where it rises, or comes up”; the east. The sacred term isNûñdâ′yĭ, q. v.digălûñ′lătiyûñ—a height, one of a series, fromgalûn′lătĭ, “above.” Seenumber 1.Digălu′yătûñ′yĭ—“Where it is gashed (with hatchets)”; fromtsilu′yû, “I am cutting (with a chopping stroke),”di, plural prefix, andyĭ, locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Georgia. Seenumber 125.Digăne′skĭ—“He picks them up” (habitually), fromtsĭne′û, “I am picking it up.” A Cherokee Union soldier in the civil war. See page171.digi′găge′ĭ—the plural ofgi′găge′ĭ, red.digû′lanăhi′ta—fordigû′lĭ-anăhi′ta, “having long ears,” “long-eared”; fromgûlĕ, “ear” andgûnahi′ta, “long.”Dihyûñ′dulă′—“Sheaths,” or “Scabbards”; singularahyûñ′dulă′, “a gun sheath,” or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a name which appears in Revolutionary documents as “Untoola, or Gun Rod.”diktă′—plural ofaktă′, eye.dĭlă′—skunk.dilsta′yaʻtĭ—“scissors”; the water-spider (Dolomedes).dinda′skwate′skĭ—the violet; the name signifies, “they pull each other’s heads off.”dine′tlănă—the creation.diʻnûskĭ—“the breeder”; a variety of smilax brier. Seenumber 126.Disgâ′gisti′yĭ—“Where they gnaw”; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.diskwaʻnĭ—“chestnut bread,” i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.distai′yĭ—“they are strong,” plural ofastai′yĭ, “strong, or tough.” TheTephrosiaor devil’s-shoestring. Seenumber 126.dista′stĭ—a mill (generic).dita′stayeskĭ—“a barber,” literally “one who cuts things” (as with a scissors), fromtsista′yû, “I cut,” (as with a scissors). The cricket (tăla′tŭ) is sometimes so called. Seenumber 59.Diwa′ʻlĭ—“Bowl,” a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned on page 100 may have been another of the same name.diyâ′hălĭ (orduyâ′hălĭ)—the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulalus). Seenumber 59.Diyâ′hăli′yĭ—“Lizard place,” fromdiyâ′hălĭ, lizard, andyĭ, locative. Joanna bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river, on the line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122; alsonumber 59.Double-head—seeTăl-tsu′skă′.Dragging-canoe—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.Dudûñ′leksûñ′yĭ—“Where its legs were broken off”; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Dugilu′yĭ (abbreviatedDugilu′, and commonly written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)—a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river, so called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham county, Georgia. The word is of uncertain etymology, but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.Dûksa′ĭ, Dûkwʻsa′ĭ—The correct form of the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in South Carolina, and the creek upon which it stood, an extreme head-stream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean “Place of shedding tears.” Seenumber 123.Dulastûñ′yĭ—“Potsherd place.” A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.dule′tsĭ—“kernels,” a goitrous swelling upon the throat.dulu′sĭ—a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river. Seenumber 125.Duniyaʻtaʻlûñ′yĭ—“Where there are shelves, or flat places,” fromayaʻte′nĭ, flat, whenceda′yaʻtanaʻlûñ′ĭ′, a shelf, andyĭ′, the locative. A gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman’s dome, Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.Dunidû′lalûñ′yĭ—“Where they made arrows”; a place on Straight creek, a head-stream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Duni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ—the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in the Great Smoky mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. On the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a “forked antler,” fromuskwaʻlgû, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.Du′stăyalûñ′yĭ—“Where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,” apparently referring to a lightning stroke (detsistăya′hihû, “I make a shooting, or thundering, noise,” might be a first person form used by the personified Thunder-god); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina. A former settlement along the creek bore the same name. Seenumber 79.du′stu′—a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope.Itis the correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as “Tooantuh or Spring Frog.”Dutch—seeTătsĭ′.duwĕʻgă—the spring lizard. Seenumber 59.Eagle dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ′ Ûlsgi′stĭ.Eastinaulee—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Echoee—seeItse′yĭ.Echota—seeItsâ′tĭ.Edâ′hĭ—“He goes about” (habitually); a masculine name.Echota, New—seeGănsâ′gĭ.edâ′tă—my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidâ′tă.edu′tŭ—my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidu′tŭ; cf.eni′sĭ.e′gwa—great; cf.u′tănû.egwâ′nĭ—river.Egwânulʻtĭ—“By the river,” fromegwâ′nĭ, river, andnu′lătĭornulʻtĭ, near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing through the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina. The Cherokee town, “Oconalufte,” mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a considerable mound.elă—earth, ground.e′lădĭ′—low, below; in the Lower dialecte′rădĭ′, whence the Ayrate or Lower Cherokee of Adair as distinguished from the Ottare (â′tărĭ,â′tălĭ) or Upper Cherokee.elanti—a song form fore′lădĭ, q. v.Elătse′yĭ (abbreviatedElătse′)—possibly “Green (Verdant) earth,” fromelă, earth, anditse′yĭ, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in South Carolina; another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer county, Georgia; and still another was on Ellejoy creek of Little river near the present Maryville, in Blount county, Tennessee.Elăwâ′diyĭ (abbreviatedElăwâ′di)—“Red-earth place” fromelă, earth,wâdi, brown-red or red paint, andyĭ, the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of Yellow-hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee, the postoffice and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river in Swain county, North Carolina. 2. A former council ground, known in history as Red Clay, at the site of the present village of that name in Whitfield county, Georgia, adjoining the Tennessee line.Ellijay—seeElătse′yĭ.eni′sĭ—my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagini′sĭ. Cf.edu′tŭ.Eskaqua—seeIskagua.Estanaula,Estinaula—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.Ĕtăwa′hă-tsistatla′skĭ—“Deadwood-lighter,” a traditional Cherokee conjurer. Seenumber 100.eʻtĭ, or etĭ—old, long ago.Etowah—seeI′tăwă′.Etsaiyĭ′—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.etsĭ′—my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagitsĭ′.Euharlee—seeYuha′lĭ′.Feather dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ,Ûlsgi′stĭ.Fighting-town—seeWalâs′-unûlsli′yĭ.Flax-toter—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.Flying-squirrel—seeKâ′lahû′.French Broad—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.Frogtown—seeWalâsi′yĭ.Gadalu′lŭ—the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as Yonah (fromyânû, “bear”), or upper Chattahoochee river, in White county, Georgia. The name has no connection with Tallulah (seeTălulŭ′), and can not be translated.Gadalu′tsĭ—in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, in North Carolina, and of a creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of the ridge only and seems to refer to a “fringe standing erect,” apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; fromwadălu′yătă, fringe,gadû′tă, “standing up in a row or series.”găhăwi′sita—parched corn; improperly spelledwissactawby Hawkins. See note undernumber 83.Gahûtĭ (Gahû′tăandGwahû′tĭin dialectic forms)—Cohutta mountain, in Murray county, Georgia. The name comes fromgahûtâ′yĭ, “a shed roof supported on poles,” and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.Gakăti′yĭ—“Place of setting free”; sometimes spoken in the plural form,Diga′kăti′yĭ, “Place of setting them free.” A point on Tuckasegee river about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.gaktûñ′ta—an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu.Tsigaʻte′gû, “I am observing an injunction, or tabu”;adakte′gĭ, “he is under tabu regulations.”Gălăgi′na—a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes tityus?). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor. See page111.găli′sgisidâ′hû—I am dancing about; fromgăli′sgiă′, “I am dancing,” andedâhû′, “I am going about.”gălûñkw′ti′yu—honored, sacred; used in the bible to mean holy, hallowed.gălûñ′lătĭ—above, on high.găne′ga—skin.ganidawâ′skĭ—the campion, catchfly or “rattlesnake’s master” (Silene stellata); the name signifies “it disjoints itself,” fromganidawâskû′, “it is unjointing itself,” on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.Gănsâ′gĭ (orGănsâgiyĭ)—the name of several former settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One town of this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek, in McMinn county, Tennessee; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterward was located the Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordoncounty, Georgia; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain, Georgia (see page197).Gănsaʻti′yĭ—“Robbing place,” fromtsina′sahûñskû′, “I am robbing him.” Vengeance creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name Vengeance was originally a white man’s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal. Seenumber 122.Gănsĕʻtĭ—a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from a gourd the masculine name, Gănsĕʻtĭ, is usually rendered by the whites, “Rattling-gourd.”gatayûstĭ—the wheel and stick game of the southern tribes, incorrectly callednettecawawby Timberlake. See note undernumber 3.Gâtegwâ′—forGâtegwâ′hĭ, possibly a contraction ofIgât(ĭ)-egwâ′hĭ, “Great-swamp (-thicket)place.” A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain. Seenumber 75.ga′tsû—seehatlû′.Gatu′gitse′yĭ (abbreviatedGatu′gitse′)—“New-settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭorsgatu′gĭ, town, settlement,itse′hĭ, new, especially applied to new vegetation, andyĭ, the locative. A former settlement on Cartoogaja creek of Little Tennessee river, above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.Gatuti′yĭ—“Town-building place,” or “Settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭ, a settlement, andyĭ, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Gatûñ′lti′yĭ—“Hemp place,” fromgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp” (Apocynum cannabinum), andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.Gatûñ′waʻlĭ—a noted western Cherokee about 1842, known to the whites as “Hard-mush” or “Big-mush.”Gatûñ′waʻlĭ, fromga′tŭ′, “bread,” andûñwa′ʻlĭ, “made into balls or lumps,” is a sort of mush of parched corn meal, made very thick, so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.ge′ĭ—down stream, down the road, with the current;tsâ′gĭ, up stream.gese′ĭ—was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the formhi′gese′ĭit usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.Geʻyăgu′ga (forAge′hyă-guga?)—a formulistic name for the moon (nûñ′dă′); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the wordage′hyă, “woman.” See alsonûñ′dă′.gigă—blood; cf.gi′găge′ĭ, red.gi′gă-danegi′skĭ—“blood taker,” fromgigă, blood, andada′negi′skĭ, “one who takes liquids,” fromtsi′negiă′, “I am taking it” (liquid). Another name for thetsâne′nĭor scorpion lizard. Seenumber 59.gi′găge′ĭ—red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished aswâ′dige′ĭ.gi′gă-tsuha′ʻlĭ—“bloody-mouth,” literally, “having blood on the corners of his mouth”; fromgigă, blood, andtsuhănûñsi′yĭ, the corners of the mouth (ăha′lĭ, his mouth). A large lizard, probably thePleistodon. Seenumber 59.giʻlĭ′—dog; in the Lower dialect,giʻrĭ′.Giʻlĭ′-dinĕhûñ′yĭ—“Where the dogs live,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog,dinĕhû′, “they dwell” (ĕhû, “I dwell”), andyĭ, locative. A place on Oconaluftee river, a short distance above Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.Giʻlĭ′-utsûñ′stănuñ′yĭ—“Where the dog ran,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog, andutsûñ′stănûñ′yĭ, “footprints made by an animal running”; the Milky Way. Seenumber 11.

The Cherokee language has the continental vowel soundsa,e,i, andu, but lackso, which is replaced by a deepâ. The obscure or shortûis frequently nasalized, but the nasal sound is seldom heard at the end of a word. The only labial ism, which occurs in probably not more than half a dozen words in the Upper and Middle dialects, and is entirely absent from the Lower dialect, in whichwtakes its place. The characteristiclof the Upper and Middle dialects becomesrin the Lower, but no dialect has both sounds. There is also an aspiratedl;kandthave the ordinary sounds of these letters, butganddare medials, approximating the sounds ofkandt, respectively. A frequent double consonant ists, commonly renderedchby the old traders (see p.188, “Dialects”).

aas in far.ăas in what, or obscure as in showman.âas in law, all.dmedial (semisonant), approximating t.eas in they.ĕas in net.gmedial (semisonant), approximating k.has in hat.ias in pique.ĭas in pick.kas in kick.las in lull.ʻlsurd l (sometimes written hl), nearly the Welsh ll.mas in man.nas in not.rtakes place of l in Lower dialect.sas in sin.tas in top.uas in rule.ûas in cut.ûñû nasalized.was in wit.yas in you.ʻa slight aspirate, sometimes indicating the omission of a vowel.

A number of English words, with cross references, have been introduced into the glossary, and these, together with corrupted Cherokee forms, are indicated by small capitals.

adâ′lănûñ′stĭ—a staff or cane.

adan′ta—soul.

ada′wehĭ—a magician or supernatural being.

ada′wehi′yu—a very great magician; intensive form ofada′wehĭ.

â′gănă—groundhog.

Â′gănstâ′ta—“Groundhog-sausage,” fromâ′gănă, groundhog, andtsistâ′û, “I am pounding it,” understood to refer to pounding meat, etc., in a mortar, after having first crisped it before the fire. A war chief noted in the Cherokee war of 1760, and prominent until about the close of the Revolution; known to the whites as Oconostota. Also the Cherokee name for Colonel Gideon Morgan of the war of 1812, for Washington Morgan, his son, of the Civil war, and now for a full-blood upon the reservation, known to the whites as Morgan Calhoun.

Â′găn-uni′tsĭ—“Groundhogs’-mother,” fromâ′gănăanduni′tsĭ, their mother, plural ofutsĭ′, his mother (etsĭ′,agitĭ′, my mother). The Cherokee name of a Shawano captive, who, according to tradition, killed the great Uktena serpent and procured the Ulûñsû′tĭ.

Agawe′la—“Old Woman,” a formulistic name for corn or the spirit of corn.

agăyûñ′li—foragăyûñ′lige, old, ancient.

agidâ′tă—seeedâ′tă.

agidu′tŭ—seeedu′tŭ.

Agiʻlĭ—“He is rising,” possibly a contraction of an old personal name,Agin′-agiʻlĭ, “Rising-fawn.” Major George Lowrey, cousin of Sequoya, and assistant chief of the Cherokee Nation about 1840. Stanley incorrectly makes it “Keeth-la, or Dog” (forgiʻlĭ′.)

agini′sĭ—seeeni′sĭ.

agi′sĭ—female, applied usually to quadrupeds.

Agis′-e′gwa—“Great Female,” possibly “Great Doe.” A being, probably an animal god, invoked in the sacred formulas.

agitsĭ′—see etsĭ′.

Agitstaʻti′yĭ—“Where they stayed up all night,” fromtsigitsûñ′tihû′, “I stay up all night.” A place in the Great Smoky range about the head of Noland creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.

Aguaquiri—seeGuaquili.

Ăhălu′na—“Ambush,”Ăhălunûñ′yĭ, “Ambush place,” orUni′hălu′na, “Where they ambushed,” fromăkălu′ga, “I am watching”. Soco gap, at the head of Soco creek, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, North Carolina (seenumber 122). The name is also applied to a lookout station for deer hunters.

ahănu′lăhĭ—“he is bearded,” fromahănu′lăhû, a beard.

Ahu′lude′gĭ—“He throws away the drum” (habitual), fromahu′lĭ, drum, andakwăde′gû, “I am throwing it away” (round object). The Cherokee name of John Jolly, a noted chief and adopted father of Samuel Houston, about 1800.

ahyeli′skĭ—a mocker or mimic.

aktă′—eye; plural,diktă′.

akta′tĭ—a telescope or field glass. The name denotes something with which to examine or look into closely, fromaktă′, eye.

akwandu′li—a song form forakwidu′li(-hû, “I want it.”

Akwanʻkĭ—seeAnakwanʻkĭ.

Akwĕʻti′yĭ—a location on Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; the meaning of the name is lost. Seenumber 122.

Alarka—seeYalâgĭ.

âligă′—the red-horse fish (Moxostoma).

Alkinĭ′—the last woman known to be of Natchez descent and peculiarity among the East Cherokee; died about 1890. The name has no apparent meaning.

ămă′—water; in the Lower dialect,ăwă′; cf.a′mă, salt.

amăyĕ′hĭ—“dwelling in the water,” fromămă′(ămă′yĭ, “in the water”) andĕhû′, “I dwell,” “I live.”

Ămăyeʻl-e′gwa—“Great island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island (fromămă′, water, andayeʻlĭ, “in the middle”) ande′gwa, great. A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, at Big island, a short distance below the mouth of Tellico, in Monroe county, Tennessee. Timberlake writes it Mialaquo, while Bartram spells it Nilaque. Not to be confounded with Long-island town below Chattanooga.

Ămăyeʻlĭ-gûnăhi′ta—“Long island,” fromămăyeʻlĭ, island, andgûnahi′ta, long. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the whites as Long Island town, at the Long island in Tennessee river, on the Tennessee-Georgia line. It was one of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭkăma′gĭ).

amă′yĭnĕ′hi—“dwellers in the water,” plural ofamăyĕ′hĭ.

Anăda′dûñtăskĭ—“Roasters,” i. e., Cannibals; fromgûñ′tăskû′, “I am putting it (round) into the fire to roast.” The regular word for cannibals isYûñ′wini′giskĭ, q. v. Seenumber 3.

anagâhûñ′ûñskû′—the Green-corn dance; literally, “they are having a Green-corn dance”;anagâhûñ′ûñsgûñ′yĭ, “where they are having the Green-corn dance”; the popular name is not a translation of the Cherokee word, which has no reference either to corn or dancing.

Anakwanʻkĭ—the Delaware Indians; singularAkwanʻkĭ, a Cherokee attempt atWapanaqkĭ, “Easterners,” the Algonquian name by which, in various corrupted forms, the Delawares are commonly known to the western tribes.

Anantooeah—seeAni′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ.

aʻne′tsâ, or aʻnetsâ′gĭ—the ballplay.

aʻnetsâ′ûñskĭ—a ballplayer; literally, “a lover of the ballplay.”

ani′—a tribal and animate prefix.

ani′da′wehĭ—plural ofada′wehĭ.

a′niganti′skĭ—seedăganʻtû.

Ani′-Gatăge′wĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; the name has now no meaning, but has been absurdly rendered “Blind savanna,” from an incorrect idea that it is derived fromigâ′tĭ, a swamp or savanna, anddige′wĭ, blind.

Ani′-Gilâ′hĭ—“Long-haired people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; singular,Agilâ′hĭ. The word comes fromagilâ′hĭ(perhaps connected withagiʻlge-nĭ, “the back of (his) neck”), an archaic term denoting wearing the hair long or flowing loosely, and usually recognized as applying more particularly to a woman.

Ani′-Gilĭ′—a problematic tribe, possibly the Congaree. See page381. The name is not connected withgiʻlĭ, dog.

Ani′-Gusă—seeAni′-Ku′să.

a′nigwa—soon after;dine′tlănă a′nigwa, “soon after the creation.”

Ani′-Hyûñ′tĭkwălâ′skĭ—“The Thunderers,” i. e., thunder, which in Cherokee belief, is controlled and caused by a family of supernaturals. The word has reference to making a rolling sound; cf.tĭkwăle′lu, a wheel, hence a wagon;ămă′-tĭkwălelûñyĭ, “rolling water place,” applied to a cascade where the water falls along the surface of the rock;ahyûñ′tĭkwălâ′stihû′, “it is thundering,” applied to the roar of a railroad train or waterfall.

Ani′-Kawĭ′—“Deer people,” one of the seven Cherokee clans; the regular form for deer isaʻwĭ′.

Ani′-Kawi′tă—The Lower Creeks, from Kawi′tă or Coweta, their former principal town on Chattahoochee river near the present Columbus, Georgia; the UpperCreeks on the head streams of Alabama river were distinguished asAni′-Ku′să(q. v.) A small creek of Little Tennessee river above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina, is now known as Coweeta creek.

Ani′-Kĭtu′hwagĭ—“Kĭtu′hwă people,” fromKĭtu′hwă(q. v.), an ancient Cherokee settlement; for explanation see page182.

Ani′-Ku′să or Ani′-Gu′să,—The Creek Indians, particularly the Upper Creeks on the waters of Alabama river; singular,A-Ku′să, from Kusa or Coosa (Spanish, Coça, Cossa) their principal ancient town.

Ani′-Kuta′nĭ (alsoAni′-Kwăta′-nĭ, or, incorrectly,Nicotani)—a traditional Cherokee priestly society or clan, exterminated in a popular uprising. Seenumber 108.

aninâ′hilidâhĭ—“creatures that fly about,” fromtsĭnai′lĭ, “I am flying,”tsĭnâ′iladâ′hû, “I am flying about.” The generic term for birds and flying insects.

Ani′-Naʻtsĭ—abbreviatedAnintsĭ, singularA-Naʻtsĭ. The Natchez Indians; from coincidence withnaʻtsĭ, pine, the name has been incorrectly rendered “Pine Indians,” whereas it is really a Cherokee plural of the proper name of the Natchez.

Anin′tsĭ—seeAni′-Naʻtsĭ.

Ani′-Nûn′dăwe′gĭ—singular,Nûn′dăwe′gĭ; the Iroquois, more particularly the Seneca, fromNûndawao, the name by which the Seneca call themselves. Adair spells it Anantooeah. The tribe was also known asAni′-Sĕ′nikă.

Ani′-Sahâ′nĭ—one of the seven Cherokee clans; possibly an archaic form for “Blue people,” fromsaʻka′ni,saʻka′nige′ĭ, blue.

Ani′-Sa′nĭ, Ani′-Sawahâ′nĭ—seeAni′-Sawănu′gĭ.

Ani′-Sawănu′gĭ (singularSawănu′gi)—the Shawano Indians.Ani′-Sa′nĭandAni′-Sawahâ′nĭ(see page380) may be the same.

Ani′-Sĕ′nikă.—seeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.

anisga′ya—plural ofasga′ya, man.

Anisga′ya Tsunsdi′(-ga)—“The Little Men”; the Thunder Boys in Cherokee mythology. Seenumbers 3and8.

Ani′sgaya′yĭ—“Men town” (?), a traditional Cherokee settlement on Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina.

anisgi′na—plural ofasgi′na, q. v.

Ani′-Skălâ′lĭ—the Tuscarora Indians; singular,Skalâ′lĭorA-Skălâ′ĭ.

Ani′skwa′nĭ—Spaniards; singular,Askwa′nĭ.

Ani′-Suwa′lĭ, or Ani-′Suwa′la—the Suala, Sara, or Cheraw Indians, formerly about the headwaters of Broad river, North Carolina, the Xuala province of the De Soto chronicle, and Joara or Juada of the later Pardo narrative.

Ani′ta′gwă—the Catawba Indians; singular,Ata′gwă, orTagwă.

Ani′-Tsâ′gûhĭ—a traditional Cherokee clan, transformed to bears (seenumber 75). Swimmer’s daughter bears the nameTsâgûhĭ, which is not recognized as distinctively belonging to either sex.

Ani′-Tsa′lăgi′—the Cherokee. See “Tribal Synonymy,” page182.

Ani′-Tsaʻta—the Choctaw Indians; singular,Tsaʻta.

Ani′-Tsĭ′ksû—the Chickasaw Indians; singular,Tsĭ′ksû.

Ani′-Tsi′skwa—“Bird people;” one of the seven Cherokee clans.

Ani′tsu′tsă—“The Boys,” fromatsu′tsă, boy; the Pleiades. Seenumber 10.

Ani′-Wâ′dĭ—“Paint people”; one of the seven Cherokee clans.

Ani′-Wâdihĭ′—“Place of the Paint people or clan”; Paint town, a Cherokee settlement on lower Soco creek, within the reservation in Jackson and Swain counties, North Carolina. It takes its name from theAni′-Wâ′dĭor Paint clan.

ani′wani′skĭ—the bugle weed,Lycopus virginicus; literally, “they talk” or “talkers,” fromtsiwa′nihû, “I am talking,”awani′skĭ, “he talks habitually.” Seenumber 26.

Ani′-Wasa′sĭ—the Osage Indians; singular,Wasa′sĭ.

Ani′-Wa′ʻya—“Wolf people”; the most important of the seven Cherokee clans.

Ani′-Yu′tsĭ—the Yuchi or Uchee Indians; singularYu′tsĭ.

Ani′-Yûñ′wiyă′—Indians, particularly Cherokee Indians; literally “principal or real people,” fromyûñwĭ, person,yă, a suffix implying principal or real, andani′, the tribal prefix. See pages5and182.

Annie Ax—seeSadayĭ′.

Aquone—a post-office on Nantahala river, in Macon county, North Carolina, site of the former Fort Scott. Probably a corruption ofegwânĭ, river.

Arch, John—seeAtsĭ.

asâ′gwălihû′—a pack or burden;asâ′gwălʻlû′orasâ′gwĭʻlĭ, “there is a pack on him.” Cfsâ′gwălĭ′.

asĕhĭ′—surely.

Asĕ′nikă—singular ofAni′-Sĕ′nikă. SeeAni′-Nûndăwe′gĭ.

asga′ya—man.

Asga′ya Gi′găgeĭ—the “Red Man”; the Lightning spirit.

asgi′na—a ghost, either human or animal; from the fact that ghosts are commonly supposed to be malevolent, the name is frequently rendered “devil.”

Asheville—seeKâsdu′yĭandUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.

âsĭ—the sweat lodge and occasional winter sleeping apartment of the Cherokee and other southern tribes. It was a low-built structure of logs covered with earth, and from its closeness and the fire usually kept smoldering within was known to the old traders as the “hot house.”

â′siyu′ (abbreviatedsiyu′)—good; the common Cherokee salute;gâ′siyu′, “I am good”;hâ′siyu′, “thou art good”;â′siyu, “he (it) is good”;âstû, “very good” (intensive).

Askwa′nĭ—a Spaniard. SeeAni′skwa′nĭ.

âstû′—very good;âstû tsĭkĭ′, very good, best of all. Cfâ′siyu′.

Astu′gatâ′ga—A Cherokee lieutenant in the Confederate service, killed in 1862. See page170. The name may be rendered, “Standing in the doorway” but implies that the man himself is the door or shutter; it has no first person;gatâ′ga, “he is standing”;stuʻtĭ, a door or shutter;stuhû′, a closed door or passage;stugi′stĭ, a key, i. e. something with which to open a door.

asûñ′tlĭ, asûñtlûñ′yĭ—a footlog or bridge; literally, “log lying across,” fromasi′ta, log.

ătă′—wood;ata′yă, “principal wood,” i. e. oak; cf. Muscogeeiti, wood.

Atagâ′hĭ—“Gall place,” fromă′tăgû′, gall, andhĭ, locative; a mythic lake in the Great Smoky mountains. Seenumber 69. The name is also applied to that part of the Great Smoky range centering about Thunderhead mountain and Miry ridge, near the boundary between Swain county, North Carolina, and Blount county, Tennessee.

ă′tăgû′—gall.

Ătă′-gûlʻkălû′—a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British government as the head chief or “emperor” of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered “Leaning-wood,” fromătă′, “wood” andgûlʻkălû, a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as “a man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior abilities.”

Ata′gwa—a Catawba Indian. SeeAni′la′gwă.

Aʻtâhi′ta—abbreviated fromAʻtâhitûñ′yĭ, “Place where they shouted,” fromgatâ′hiû′, “I shout,” andyĭ, locative. Waya gap, on the ridge west of Franklin,Macon county, North. Carolina. Seenumber 13. The map name is probably from the Cherokeewaʻya, wolf.

Ata-kullakulla—seeĂtă′-gûlʻkălû′.

â′tălĭ—mountain; in the Lower dialectâ′tărĭ, whence the “Ottare” or Upper Cherokee of Adair. The formâ′tălĭis used only in composition; a mountain in situ isâtălûñyĭorgatu′sĭ.

â′tălĭ-gûlĭ′—“it climbs the mountain,” i. e., “mountain-climber”; the ginseng plant,Ginseng quinquefolium; fromâ′tălĭ, mountain, andgûlĭ′, “it climbs” (habitually);tsĭlăhĭ′ortsĭlĭ′, “I am climbing.” Also called in the sacred formulas,Yûñ′wĭ Usdi′, “Little Man.” Seenumber 126.

a′tălulû—unfinished, premature, unsuccessful; whenceutalu′lĭ, “it is not yet time.”

Ata′lûñti′skĭ—a chief of the Arkansas Cherokee about 1818, who had originally emigrated from Tennessee. The name, commonly spelled Tollunteeskee, Taluntiski, Tallotiskee, Tallotuskee, etc., denotes one who throws some living object from a place, as an enemy from a precipice. Seenumber 100for instance.

â′tărĭ—seeâ′tălĭ.

ătăsĭ′ (orătăsû′, in a dialectic form)—a war club.

atatsûñ′skĭ—stinging; literally, “he stings” (habitually).

Aʻtlă′nuwă′—“Tlă′nuwă hole”; the Cherokee name of Chattanooga, Tennessee, (seeTsatănu′gĭ) originally applied to a bluff on the south side of the Tennessee river at the foot of the present Market street. Seenumber 124.

A′tsĭ—the Cherokee name of John Arch, one of the earliest native writers in the Sequoya characters. The word is simply an attempt at the English name Arch.

atsi′la—fire; in the Lower dialect,atsi′ra.

Atsil′-dihye′gĭ—“Fire Carrier”; apparently the Cherokee name for the will-of-the-wisp. See page335. As is usually the case in Cherokee compounds, the verbal form is plural (“it carries fires”); the singular form isahye′gĭ.

atsil′-sûñʻtĭ (abbreviatedtsil′-sûñʻtĭ)—fleabane (Erigeron canadense); the name signifies “material with which to make fire,” fromatsi′la, fire, andgasûñʻtĭ, (gatsûñʻtĭorgatlûñʻtĭ), material with which to make something; fromgasûñ′skû(orgatlûñ′skû), “I make it.” The plant is also calledihyâ′ga. Seenumber 126.

Atsil′-tlûñtû′tsĭ—“Fire panther.” A meteor or comet. See notes tonumber 9.

Atsi′la-wa′ĭ—“Fire ——”; a mountain, sometimes known as Rattlesnake knob, about two miles northeast of Cherokee, Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

a′tsĭnă′—cedar; cf. Muscogee,achenaorauchenau.

A′tsĭnă′-kʻta′ûñ—“Hanging cedar place”; froma′tsină′, cedar, andkʻtaûñ, “where it (long) hangs down”; a Cherokee name for the old Taskigi town on Little Tennessee river in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 105.

atsi′ra—seeatsi′la.

Atsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ (abbreviatedAtsûñ′stăʻti′)—“Fire-light place,” (cf.atsil-sûñ′ʻtĭ), referring to the “fire-hunting” method of killing deer in the river at night. The proper form for Chestatee river, near Dahlonega, in Lumpkin county, Georgia.

Attakullakulla—seeĂtă-gûlʻkălû′.

ăwă′—seeămă′.

awâ′hĭlĭ—eagle; particularlyAquila chrysætus, distinguished as the “pretty-feathered eagle.”

aʻwĭ′—deer; also sometimes written and pronounced,ăhăwĭ′; the name is sometimes applied to the large horned beetle, the “flying stag” of early writers.

aʻwĭ′-ahănu′lăhĭ—goat; literally, “bearded deer.”

aʻwĭ′-aktă′—“deer eye”; theRudbeckiaor black-eyed Susan.

aʻwĭ′-ahyeli′skĭ—“deer mocker”; the deer bleat, a sort of whistle used by hunters to call the doe by imitating the cry of the fawn.

aʻwĭ′-e′gwă (abbreviatedaʻw-e′gwă)—the elk, literally “great deer.”

aʻwĭ′-unăde′na—sheep; literally “woolly deer.”

Aʻwĭ′ Usdi′—“Little Deer”; the mythic chief of the Deer tribe. Seenumber 15.

Ax, Annie—seeSadayĭ′.

Ax, John—seeItăgû′năhĭ.

Ayâ′sta—“The Spoiler,” fromtsiyâ′stihû, “I spoil it”; cf.uyâ′ĭ, bad. A prominent woman and informant on the East Cherokee reservation.

ayeʻlĭ—half, middle, in the middle.

Ayrate—seee′lădĭ′.

Ayuhwa′sĭ—the proper form of the name commonly written Hiwassee. It signifies a savanna or meadow and was applied to two (or more) former Cherokee settlements. The more important, commonly distinguished asAyuhwa′sĭ Egwâ′hĭor Great Hiwassee, was on the north bank of Hiwassee river at the present Savannah ford above Columbus, in Polk county, Tennessee. The other was farther up the same river, at the junction of Peachtree creek, above Murphy, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Lanman writes it Owassa.

Aʻyûñ′inĭ—“Swimmer”; literally, “he is swimming,” fromgayûñinĭ′, “I am swimming.” A principal priest and informant of the East Cherokee, died in 1899.

Ayûlsû′—seeDayûlsûñ′yĭ.

Beaverdam—seeUyʼgilâ′gĭ.

Big-island—seeĂmăyeʻl-e′gwa.

Big-cove—seeKâ′lanûñ′yĭ.

Big-mush—seeGatûñ′waʻlĭ.

Big-witch—seeTskĭl-e′gwa.

Bird-town—seeTsiskwâ′hĭ.

Bloody-fellow—seeIskagua.

Blythe—seeDiskwaʻnĭ.

Black-fox—seeInâ′lĭ.

Boudinot, Elias—seeGălăgi′na.

Bowl, The;Bowles, Colonel—seeDiwaʻlĭ.

Brass—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.

Brasstown—seeItse′yĭ.

Breath, The—seeÛñli′ta.

Briertown—seeKănu′găʻlâ′yĭ.

Buffalo(creek)—seeYûnsâ′ĭ.

Bull-head—seeUskwăle′na.

Butler, John—seeTsan′uga′sĭtă.

Cade’s Cove—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.

Canacaught—“Canacaught, the great Conjurer,” mentioned as a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possiblykanegwâ′tĭ, the water-moccasin snake. See page31.

Canaly—seehi′gĭna′liĭ.

Canasagua—seeGănsâ′gĭ.

Cannastion,Cannostee—seeKăna′sta.

Canuga—seeKănu′ga.

Cartoogaja—seeGatu′gitse′yĭ.

Cataluchee—seeGadalu′tsĭ.

Cauchi—a place, apparently in the Cherokee country,visitedby Pardo in 1567 (see page29). The name may possibly have some connection with Nacoochee orNaguʻtsĭ′, q. v.

Caunasaita—given as the name of a Lower Cherokee chief in 1684; possibly forKanûñsi′ta, “dogwood” (Cornus florida). See page31.

Chalaque—seeTsă′lăgĭunder “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.

Chattanooga—seeTsatănu′gĭ.

Chattooga,Chatuga—seeTsatu′gĭ.

Cheeowhee—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.

Cheerake—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.

Cheowa—seeTsiyâ′hĭ.

Cheowa Maximum—seeSehwate′yĭ.

Cheraqui—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182.

Cheraw—seeAni′-Suwa′lĭ.

Cherokee—seeTsă′lăgĭ, under “Tribal Synonymy,” page 182; alsoElăwâ′diyĭ.

Chestatee—seeAtsûñ′stăʻti′yĭ.

Chestua—seeTsistu′yĭ.

Cheucunsene—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.

Cheulah—mentioned by Timberlake as the chief of Settacoo (Sĭ′tikû) in 1762. The name may be intended forTsuʻlă, “Fox.”

Chickamauga—seeTsĭ′kăma′gĭ.

Chilhowee—seeTsûʻlûñ′we.

Chimney Tops—seeDuni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ.

Chisca—mentioned in the De Soto narratives as a mining region in the Cherokee country. The name may have a connection withTsi′skwa, “bird,” possiblyTsiskwâ′hĭ, “Bird place.”

Choastea—seeTsistu′yĭ.

Chopped Oak—seeDigălu′yătûñ′yĭ.

Choquata—seeItsâ′tĭ.

Chota,Chotte—seeItsâ′tĭ.

Citico—seeSĭ′tikû′.

Clear-sky—seeIskagua.

Clennuse—seeTlanusi′yĭ.

Cleveland—seeTsistetsi′yĭ.

Coça—seeAni′-Ku′sa.

Coco—seeKukû′.

Cohutta—seeGahû′tĭ.

Colanneh,Colona—seeKâ′lănû.

Conasauga—seeGănsâ′gĭ.

Conneross—seeKăwân′-urâ′sûñyĭ.

Cooweescoowee—seeGu′wisguwĭ′.

Coosa—seeAni′-Ku′saandKusă′.

Coosawatee—seeKu′săweti′yĭ.

Corani—seeKâ′lănû.

Cossa—seeAni′-Ku′sa,Kusa.

Cowee′—seeKawi′yĭ.

Coweeta,Coweta—seeAni′-Kawi′tă.

Coyatee(variously spelled Cawatie, Coiatee, Coytee, Coytoy, Kai-a-tee)—A former Cherokee settlement on Little Tennessee river, some ten miles below the junction of Tellico, about the present Coytee post-office in Loudon county, Tennessee. The correct form and etymology are uncertain.

Creek-path—seeKu′să-nûñnâ′hĭ.

Crow-town—seeKâgûñ′yĭ.

Cuhtahlatah—a Cherokee woman noted in the Wahnenauhi manuscript as having distinguished herself by bravery in battle. The proper form may have some connection withgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp.”

Cullasagee—seeKûlse′tsi′yĭ.

Cullowhee,Currahee—seeGûlâhi′yĭ.

Cuttawa—seeKĭtu′hwă.

dăganʻtû—“he makes it rain”; fromaga′skă, “it is raining,”aga′nă, “it has begun to rain”; a small variety of lizard whose cry is said to presage rain. It is also calleda′niganti′skĭ, “they make it rain” (plural form), or “rain-maker.” Seenumber 59.

dagûlʻkû—the American white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons gambeli). The name may be an onomatope. Seenumber 6.

dăgû′nă—the fresh water mussel; also a variety of face pimples.

Dăgûnâ′hĭ—“Mussel place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel, andhĭ, locative. The Muscle shoals on Tennessee river, in northwestern Alabama. It was sometimes called also simplyTsuʻstănalûñ′yĭ, “Shoals place.” Cf.Uʻstăna′lĭ.

Dăgû′năwe′lâhĭ—“Mussel-liver place,” fromdăgû′nă, mussel,uwe′la, liver, andhĭ, locative; the Cherokee name for the site of Nashville, Tennessee. No reason can now be given for the name.

Dahlonega—A town in Lumpkin County, Georgia, near which the first gold was mined. A mint was established there in 1838. The name is from the Cherokeedală′nige′i, yellow, whenceate′lă-dalâ′nige′i, “yellow money,” i. e., gold.

daksăwa′ihû—“he is shedding tears.”

dăkwă′—a mythic great fish; also the whale. Seenumber 68.

Dăkwă′ĭ—“Dăkwă place,” from a tradition of adăkwă′in the river at that point. A former Cherokee settlement, known to the traders as Toqua or Toco, on Little Tennessee river, about the mouth of Toco creek in Monroe county, Tennessee. Seenumber 68. A similar name and tradition attaches to a spot on the French Broad river, about six miles above the Warm springs, in Buncombe county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

dakwa′nitlastestĭ—“I shall have them on my legs for garters”; fromanitla′stĭ(pluraldinitla′stĭ), garter;d-, initial plural;akwă, first person particle; andestĭ, future suffix. Seenumber 77.

da′lĭkstă′—“vomiter,” fromdagik′stihû′, “I am vomiting,”dalikstă′, “he vomits” (habitually); the form is plural. The spreading adder (Heterodon), also sometimes calledkwandăya′hû, a word of uncertain etymology.

Da′ʻnăgâstă—forDa′ʻnăwă-gâsta′yă, “Sharp-war,” i.e. “Eager-warrior”; a Cherokee woman’s name.

Da′ʻnawa-(a)saʻtsûñ′yĭ “War ford,” fromda′ʻnawa, war, andasaʻtsûñ′yĭ, a crossing-place or ford. A ford on Cheowa river about three miles below Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

Danda′gănû′—“Two looking at each other,” fromdetsi′gănû′, “I am looking at him.” A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Lookout Mountain town, on Lookout Mountain creek, near the present Trenton, Dade county, Georgia. One of the Chickamauga towns (seeTsĭ′kăma′gi), so called on account of the appearance of the mountains facing each other across the Tennessee river at Chattanooga.

Da′siʻgiya′gĭ—an old masculine personal name, of doubtful etymology, but commonly rendered by the traders “Shoe-boots,” possibly referring to some peculiar style of moccasin or leggin. A chief known to the whites as Shoe-boots is mentioned in the Revolutionary records. Chief Lloyd Welch, of the eastern band, was known in the tribe as Da′siʻgiya′gĭ and the same name is now used by the East Cherokee as the equivalent of the name Lloyd.

Da′skwĭtûñ′yĭ—“Rafters place,” fromdaskwitûñ′ĭ, “rafters,” andyĭ, locative. A former settlement on Tusquittee creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina.

dasûñ′tălĭ—ant;dasûñ′tălĭ atatsûñ′skĭ, “stinging ant,” the large red cow-ant (Myrmica?), also called sometimes, on account of its hard body-case,nûñ′yunu′wĭ, “stone-clad,” after the fabulous monster. Seenumber 67.

Datle′yăsta′ĭ—“Where they fell down,” a point on Tuckasegee river, a short distance above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122.

dâtsĭ—a traditional water monster. Seenumber 122.

Dâtsi′yĭ—“Dâtsĭ place”; a place on Little Tennessee river, near the junction of Eagle creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

Datsu′nălâsgûñ′yĭ—“where there are tracks or footprints,” fromulâ′sinûñ′yĭorulâsgûñ′yĭ, footprint. Track Rock gap, near Blairsville, Georgia. Also sometimes calledDe′găyelûñ′hă, “place of branded marks”; (digăletănûñ′hĭ, branded, or printed). Seenumber 125.

dâ′yĭ—beaver.

Dayûlsûñ′yĭ—“Place where they cried,” a spot on the ridge at the head of Tuckasegee river, in Jackson county, North Carolina; so called from an old tradition. Seenumber 80.

dâ′yuni′sĭ—“beaver’s grandchild,” fromdâ′yĭ, beaver, anduni′sĭ, son’s child, of either sex (daughter’s child, either sex,uli′sĭ). The water beetle or mellow bug (Dineutes discolor).

Degalʻgûñ′yĭ—a cairn, literally “Where they are piled up”; a series of cairns on the south side of Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

De′gătâ′gă—The Cherokee name of General Stand Watie and of a prominent early western chief known to the whites as Takatoka. The word is derived fromtsitâ′gă, “I am standing,”daʻnitâ′gă, “they are standing together,” and conveys the subtle meaning of two persons standing together and so closely united in sympathy as to form but one human body.

De′găyelûñ′hă—seeDatsu′nalâsgûñ′yĭ.

detsănûñ′lĭ—an inclosure or piece of level ground cleared for ceremonial purposes; applied more particularly to the Green-corn dance ground. The word has a plural form, but can not be certainly analyzed.

De′tsătă—a Cherokee sprite. Seenumber 78.

detsinu′lăhûñgû′—“I tried, but failed.”

Didaʻlâski′yĭ—“Showering place.” In the story (number 17) the name is understood to mean “The place where it rains fire.” It signifies literally, however, the place where it showers, or comes down, and lodges upon something animate, and has no definite reference to fire (atsi′la) or rain (agăskă, “it is raining”);degaʻlâskû′, “they are showering down and lodging upon him.”

Dida′skasti′yĭ—“Where they were afraid of each other.” A spot on Little Tennessee river, near the mouth of Alarka creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

diga′gwănĭ′—the mud-hen or didapper (Gallinula galeata). The name is a plural form and implies “lame,” or “crippled in the legs” (cf.detsi′nigwă′nă, “I am kneeling”), probably from the bouncing motion of the bird when in the water. It is also the name of a dance.

Diga′kati′yĭ—seeGakati′yĭ.

di′gălûñgûñ′yĭ—“where it rises, or comes up”; the east. The sacred term isNûñdâ′yĭ, q. v.

digălûñ′lătiyûñ—a height, one of a series, fromgalûn′lătĭ, “above.” Seenumber 1.

Digălu′yătûñ′yĭ—“Where it is gashed (with hatchets)”; fromtsilu′yû, “I am cutting (with a chopping stroke),”di, plural prefix, andyĭ, locative. The Chopped Oak, formerly east of Clarkesville, Georgia. Seenumber 125.

Digăne′skĭ—“He picks them up” (habitually), fromtsĭne′û, “I am picking it up.” A Cherokee Union soldier in the civil war. See page171.

digi′găge′ĭ—the plural ofgi′găge′ĭ, red.

digû′lanăhi′ta—fordigû′lĭ-anăhi′ta, “having long ears,” “long-eared”; fromgûlĕ, “ear” andgûnahi′ta, “long.”

Dihyûñ′dulă′—“Sheaths,” or “Scabbards”; singularahyûñ′dulă′, “a gun sheath,” or other scabbard. The probable correct form of a name which appears in Revolutionary documents as “Untoola, or Gun Rod.”

diktă′—plural ofaktă′, eye.

dĭlă′—skunk.

dilsta′yaʻtĭ—“scissors”; the water-spider (Dolomedes).

dinda′skwate′skĭ—the violet; the name signifies, “they pull each other’s heads off.”

dine′tlănă—the creation.

diʻnûskĭ—“the breeder”; a variety of smilax brier. Seenumber 126.

Disgâ′gisti′yĭ—“Where they gnaw”; a place on Cheowa river, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

diskwaʻnĭ—“chestnut bread,” i. e., a variety of bread having chestnuts mixed with it. The Cherokee name of James Blythe, interpreter and agency clerk.

distai′yĭ—“they are strong,” plural ofastai′yĭ, “strong, or tough.” TheTephrosiaor devil’s-shoestring. Seenumber 126.

dista′stĭ—a mill (generic).

dita′stayeskĭ—“a barber,” literally “one who cuts things” (as with a scissors), fromtsista′yû, “I cut,” (as with a scissors). The cricket (tăla′tŭ) is sometimes so called. Seenumber 59.

Diwa′ʻlĭ—“Bowl,” a prominent chief of the western Cherokee, known to the whites as The Bowl, or Colonel Bowles, killed by the Texans in 1839. The chief mentioned on page 100 may have been another of the same name.

diyâ′hălĭ (orduyâ′hălĭ)—the alligator lizard (Sceloporue undulalus). Seenumber 59.

Diyâ′hăli′yĭ—“Lizard place,” fromdiyâ′hălĭ, lizard, andyĭ, locative. Joanna bald, a mountain at the head of Valley river, on the line between Cherokee and Graham counties, North Carolina. For tradition seenumber 122; alsonumber 59.

Double-head—seeTăl-tsu′skă′.

Dragging-canoe—seeTsi′yu-gûnsi′nĭ.

Dudûñ′leksûñ′yĭ—“Where its legs were broken off”; a place on Tuckasegee river, a few miles above Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

Dugilu′yĭ (abbreviatedDugilu′, and commonly written Tugaloo, or sometimes Toogelah or Toogoola)—a name occurring in several places in the old Cherokee country, the best known being Tugaloo river, so called from a former Cherokee settlement of that name situated at the junction of Toccoa creek with the main stream, in Habersham county, Georgia. The word is of uncertain etymology, but seems to refer to a place at the forks of a stream.

Dûksa′ĭ, Dûkwʻsa′ĭ—The correct form of the name commonly written Toxaway, applied to a former Cherokee settlement in South Carolina, and the creek upon which it stood, an extreme head-stream of Keowee river having its source in Jackson county, North Carolina. The meaning of the name is lost, although it has been wrongly interpreted to mean “Place of shedding tears.” Seenumber 123.

Dulastûñ′yĭ—“Potsherd place.” A former Cherokee settlement on Nottely river in Cherokee county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

dule′tsĭ—“kernels,” a goitrous swelling upon the throat.

dulu′sĭ—a variety of frog found upon the headwaters of Savannah river. Seenumber 125.

Duniyaʻtaʻlûñ′yĭ—“Where there are shelves, or flat places,” fromayaʻte′nĭ, flat, whenceda′yaʻtanaʻlûñ′ĭ′, a shelf, andyĭ′, the locative. A gap on the Great Smoky range, near Clingman’s dome, Swain county, North Carolina. See notes tonumber 100.

Dunidû′lalûñ′yĭ—“Where they made arrows”; a place on Straight creek, a head-stream of Oconaluftee river, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

Duni′skwaʻlgûñ′ĭ—the double peak known as the Chimney Tops, in the Great Smoky mountains about the head of Deep creek, in Swain county, North Carolina. On the north side is the pass known as Indian gap. The name signifies a “forked antler,” fromuskwaʻlgû, antler, but indicates that the antler is attached in place, as though the deer itself were concealed below.

Du′stăyalûñ′yĭ—“Where it made a noise as of thunder or shooting,” apparently referring to a lightning stroke (detsistăya′hihû, “I make a shooting, or thundering, noise,” might be a first person form used by the personified Thunder-god); a spot on Hiwassee river, about the junction of Shooting creek, near Hayesville, in Clay county, North Carolina. A former settlement along the creek bore the same name. Seenumber 79.

du′stu′—a species of frog, appearing very early in spring; the name is intended for an onomatope.Itis the correct form of the name of the chief noted by McKenney and Hall as “Tooantuh or Spring Frog.”

Dutch—seeTătsĭ′.

duwĕʻgă—the spring lizard. Seenumber 59.

Eagle dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ′ Ûlsgi′stĭ.

Eastinaulee—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.

Echoee—seeItse′yĭ.

Echota—seeItsâ′tĭ.

Edâ′hĭ—“He goes about” (habitually); a masculine name.

Echota, New—seeGănsâ′gĭ.

edâ′tă—my father (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidâ′tă.

edu′tŭ—my maternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagidu′tŭ; cf.eni′sĭ.

e′gwa—great; cf.u′tănû.

egwâ′nĭ—river.

Egwânulʻtĭ—“By the river,” fromegwâ′nĭ, river, andnu′lătĭornulʻtĭ, near, beside. The proper form of Oconaluftee, the name of the river flowing through the East Cherokee reservation in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina. The Cherokee town, “Oconalufte,” mentioned by Bartram as existing about 1775, was probably on the lower course of the river at the present Birdtown, on the reservation, where was formerly a considerable mound.

elă—earth, ground.

e′lădĭ′—low, below; in the Lower dialecte′rădĭ′, whence the Ayrate or Lower Cherokee of Adair as distinguished from the Ottare (â′tărĭ,â′tălĭ) or Upper Cherokee.

elanti—a song form fore′lădĭ, q. v.

Elătse′yĭ (abbreviatedElătse′)—possibly “Green (Verdant) earth,” fromelă, earth, anditse′yĭ, green, from fresh-springing vegetation. The name of several former Cherokee settlements, commonly known to the whites as Ellijay, Elejoy or Allagae. One of these was upon the headwaters of Keowee river in South Carolina; another was on Ellijay creek of Little Tennessee river, near the present Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina; another was about the present Ellijay in Gilmer county, Georgia; and still another was on Ellejoy creek of Little river near the present Maryville, in Blount county, Tennessee.

Elăwâ′diyĭ (abbreviatedElăwâ′di)—“Red-earth place” fromelă, earth,wâdi, brown-red or red paint, andyĭ, the locative. 1. The Cherokee name of Yellow-hill settlement, now officially known as Cherokee, the postoffice and agency headquarters for the East Cherokee, on Oconaluftee river in Swain county, North Carolina. 2. A former council ground, known in history as Red Clay, at the site of the present village of that name in Whitfield county, Georgia, adjoining the Tennessee line.

Ellijay—seeElătse′yĭ.

eni′sĭ—my paternal grandfather (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagini′sĭ. Cf.edu′tŭ.

Eskaqua—seeIskagua.

Estanaula,Estinaula—seeUʻstăna′lĭ.

Ĕtăwa′hă-tsistatla′skĭ—“Deadwood-lighter,” a traditional Cherokee conjurer. Seenumber 100.

eʻtĭ, or etĭ—old, long ago.

Etowah—seeI′tăwă′.

Etsaiyĭ′—seeÛñtsaiyĭ′.

etsĭ′—my mother (Upper dialect); the Middle and Lower dialect form isagitsĭ′.

Euharlee—seeYuha′lĭ′.

Feather dance—seeTsugidûʻlĭ,Ûlsgi′stĭ.

Fighting-town—seeWalâs′-unûlsli′yĭ.

Flax-toter—seeTâle′danigi′skĭ.

Flying-squirrel—seeKâ′lahû′.

French Broad—seeUnta′kiyasti′yĭ.

Frogtown—seeWalâsi′yĭ.

Gadalu′lŭ—the proper name of the mountain known to the whites as Yonah (fromyânû, “bear”), or upper Chattahoochee river, in White county, Georgia. The name has no connection with Tallulah (seeTălulŭ′), and can not be translated.

Gadalu′tsĭ—in the corrupted form of Cataluchee this appears on the map as the name of a peak, or rather a ridge, on the line between Swain and Haywood counties, in North Carolina, and of a creek running down on the Haywood side into Big Pigeon river. It is properly the name of the ridge only and seems to refer to a “fringe standing erect,” apparently from the appearance of the timber growing in streaks along the side of the mountain; fromwadălu′yătă, fringe,gadû′tă, “standing up in a row or series.”

găhăwi′sita—parched corn; improperly spelledwissactawby Hawkins. See note undernumber 83.

Gahûtĭ (Gahû′tăandGwahû′tĭin dialectic forms)—Cohutta mountain, in Murray county, Georgia. The name comes fromgahûtâ′yĭ, “a shed roof supported on poles,” and refers to a fancied resemblance in the summit.

Gakăti′yĭ—“Place of setting free”; sometimes spoken in the plural form,Diga′kăti′yĭ, “Place of setting them free.” A point on Tuckasegee river about three miles above Bryson City, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

gaktûñ′ta—an injunction, command or rule, more particularly a prohibition or ceremonial tabu.Tsigaʻte′gû, “I am observing an injunction, or tabu”;adakte′gĭ, “he is under tabu regulations.”

Gălăgi′na—a male deer (buck) or turkey (gobbler); in the first sense the name is sometimes used also for the large horned beetle (Dynastes tityus?). The Indian name of Elias Boudinot, first Cherokee editor. See page111.

găli′sgisidâ′hû—I am dancing about; fromgăli′sgiă′, “I am dancing,” andedâhû′, “I am going about.”

gălûñkw′ti′yu—honored, sacred; used in the bible to mean holy, hallowed.

gălûñ′lătĭ—above, on high.

găne′ga—skin.

ganidawâ′skĭ—the campion, catchfly or “rattlesnake’s master” (Silene stellata); the name signifies “it disjoints itself,” fromganidawâskû′, “it is unjointing itself,” on account of the peculiar manner in which the dried stalk breaks off at the joints.

Gănsâ′gĭ (orGănsâgiyĭ)—the name of several former settlements in the old Cherokee country; it cannot be analyzed. One town of this name was upon Tuckasegee river, a short distance above the present Webster, in Jackson county, North Carolina; another was on the lower part of Canasauga creek, in McMinn county, Tennessee; a third was at the junction of Conasauga and Coosawatee rivers, where afterward was located the Cherokee capital, New Echota, in Gordoncounty, Georgia; a fourth, mentioned in the De Soto narratives as Canasoga or Canasagua, was located in 1540 on the upper Chattahoochee river, possibly in the neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain, Georgia (see page197).

Gănsaʻti′yĭ—“Robbing place,” fromtsina′sahûñskû′, “I am robbing him.” Vengeance creek of Valley river, in Cherokee county, North Carolina. The name Vengeance was originally a white man’s nickname for an old Cherokee woman, of forbidding aspect, who lived there before the Removal. Seenumber 122.

Gănsĕʻtĭ—a rattle; as the Cherokee dance rattle is made from a gourd the masculine name, Gănsĕʻtĭ, is usually rendered by the whites, “Rattling-gourd.”

gatayûstĭ—the wheel and stick game of the southern tribes, incorrectly callednettecawawby Timberlake. See note undernumber 3.

Gâtegwâ′—forGâtegwâ′hĭ, possibly a contraction ofIgât(ĭ)-egwâ′hĭ, “Great-swamp (-thicket)place.” A high peak southeast from Franklin, Macon county, North Carolina, and perhaps identical with Fodderstack mountain. Seenumber 75.

ga′tsû—seehatlû′.

Gatu′gitse′yĭ (abbreviatedGatu′gitse′)—“New-settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭorsgatu′gĭ, town, settlement,itse′hĭ, new, especially applied to new vegetation, andyĭ, the locative. A former settlement on Cartoogaja creek of Little Tennessee river, above Franklin, in Macon county, North Carolina.

Gatuti′yĭ—“Town-building place,” or “Settlement place,” fromgatu′gĭ, a settlement, andyĭ, locative. A place on Santeetla creek, near Robbinsville, in Graham county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

Gatûñ′lti′yĭ—“Hemp place,” fromgatûñ′lătĭ, “wild hemp” (Apocynum cannabinum), andyĭ, locative. A former Cherokee settlement, commonly known as Hemptown, on the creek of the same name, near Morganton, in Fannin county, Georgia.

Gatûñ′waʻlĭ—a noted western Cherokee about 1842, known to the whites as “Hard-mush” or “Big-mush.”Gatûñ′waʻlĭ, fromga′tŭ′, “bread,” andûñwa′ʻlĭ, “made into balls or lumps,” is a sort of mush of parched corn meal, made very thick, so that it can be dipped out in lumps almost of the consistency of bread.

ge′ĭ—down stream, down the road, with the current;tsâ′gĭ, up stream.

gese′ĭ—was; a separate word which, when used after the verb in the present tense, makes it past tense without change of form; in the formhi′gese′ĭit usually accompanies an emphatic repetition.

Geʻyăgu′ga (forAge′hyă-guga?)—a formulistic name for the moon (nûñ′dă′); it cannot be analyzed, but seems to contain the wordage′hyă, “woman.” See alsonûñ′dă′.

gigă—blood; cf.gi′găge′ĭ, red.

gi′gă-danegi′skĭ—“blood taker,” fromgigă, blood, andada′negi′skĭ, “one who takes liquids,” fromtsi′negiă′, “I am taking it” (liquid). Another name for thetsâne′nĭor scorpion lizard. Seenumber 59.

gi′găge′ĭ—red, bright red, scarlet; the brown-red of certain animals and clays is distinguished aswâ′dige′ĭ.

gi′gă-tsuha′ʻlĭ—“bloody-mouth,” literally, “having blood on the corners of his mouth”; fromgigă, blood, andtsuhănûñsi′yĭ, the corners of the mouth (ăha′lĭ, his mouth). A large lizard, probably thePleistodon. Seenumber 59.

giʻlĭ′—dog; in the Lower dialect,giʻrĭ′.

Giʻlĭ′-dinĕhûñ′yĭ—“Where the dogs live,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog,dinĕhû′, “they dwell” (ĕhû, “I dwell”), andyĭ, locative. A place on Oconaluftee river, a short distance above Cherokee, in Swain county, North Carolina. Seenumber 122.

Giʻlĭ′-utsûñ′stănuñ′yĭ—“Where the dog ran,” fromgiʻlĭ′, dog, andutsûñ′stănûñ′yĭ, “footprints made by an animal running”; the Milky Way. Seenumber 11.

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