Queries.

"The Ephitath of John Bonner.Heare lyeth in tomed John Bonner by name,Sonne of Bonner of Pebworth, from thence he came.The : 17 : of October he ended his daies,Pray God that wee leveing may follow his wayes.1618 by the yeare.Scarce are such Men to be found in this shere.Made and set up by his loveing frendEvens his kindesman and [so I] doe end.John Bonner, Senior. Thomas Evens, Junior.1618."

"The Ephitath of John Bonner.

Heare lyeth in tomed John Bonner by name,

Sonne of Bonner of Pebworth, from thence he came.

The : 17 : of October he ended his daies,

Pray God that wee leveing may follow his wayes.

1618 by the yeare.

Scarce are such Men to be found in this shere.

Made and set up by his loveing frend

Evens his kindesman and [so I] doe end.

John Bonner, Senior. Thomas Evens, Junior.

1618."

The words in brackets are conjectural, the stone at that point being much corroded.

Balliolensis.

Charade attributed to Sheridan.—You have given a place to enigmas in "N. & Q.," and therefore the following, which has been attributed to R. B. Sheridan, may be acceptable. Was he the author?

"There is a spot, say, Traveller, where it lies,And mark the clime, the limits, and the size,Where grows no grass, nor springs the yellow grain,Nor hill nor dale diversify the plain;Perpetual green, without the farmer's toil,Through all the seasons clothes the favor'd soil,Fair pools, in which the finny race abound,By human art prepar'd, enrich the ground.Not India's lands produce a richer store,Pearl, ivory, gold and silver ore.Yet, Britons, envy not these boasted climes,Incessant war distracts, and endless crimesPollute the soil:—Pale Avarice triumphs there,Hate, Envy, Rage, and heart-corroding Care,With Fraud and Fear, and comfortless Despair.There government not long remains the same,Nor they, like us, revere a monarch's name.Britons, beware! Let avarice tempt no more;Spite of the wealth, avoid the tempting shore;The daily bread which Providence has given,Eat with content, and leave the rest to heaven."

"There is a spot, say, Traveller, where it lies,

And mark the clime, the limits, and the size,

Where grows no grass, nor springs the yellow grain,

Nor hill nor dale diversify the plain;

Perpetual green, without the farmer's toil,

Through all the seasons clothes the favor'd soil,

Fair pools, in which the finny race abound,

By human art prepar'd, enrich the ground.

Not India's lands produce a richer store,

Pearl, ivory, gold and silver ore.

Yet, Britons, envy not these boasted climes,

Incessant war distracts, and endless crimes

Pollute the soil:—Pale Avarice triumphs there,

Hate, Envy, Rage, and heart-corroding Care,

With Fraud and Fear, and comfortless Despair.

There government not long remains the same,

Nor they, like us, revere a monarch's name.

Britons, beware! Let avarice tempt no more;

Spite of the wealth, avoid the tempting shore;

The daily bread which Providence has given,

Eat with content, and leave the rest to heaven."

Balliolensis.

Suggested Reprint of Hearne.—It has often occurred to me to inquire whether an association might not be formed for the republication of the works edited by Tom Hearne? An attempt was made some years ago by a bookseller; and, as only Robert of Gloucester and Peter Langtoft appeared, "Printed for Samuel Bagster, in the Strand, 1810," we must infer that the spirited publisher was too far in advance of the age, and that the attempt did not pay. Probably it never wouldas a bookseller's speculation. But might not a society like the Camden be formed for the purpose with some probability, in these altered times and by such an improved method of proceeding, of placing these curious and valuable volumes once more within reach of men of ordinary means? At present the works edited by Hearne are rarely to be met with in catalogues, and when they do occur, the prices are almost fabulous, quite on the scale of those affixed to ancient MSS.

Balliolensis.

Suggestions of Books worthy of being reprinted.—Fabricius,Bibliotheca Latina Mediæ et Infimæ Ætatis, 6 vols. 8vo. (Recommended inThe Guardiannewspaper.)

J. M.

Epigram all the way from Belgium.—Should you think the following epigram, written in the travellers' book at Hans-sur-Lesse, in Belgium, worth preserving, it is at your service:

"Old Euclid may go to the wall,For we've solved what he never could guess,How the fish in the river aresmall,But the river they live in isLesse."

"Old Euclid may go to the wall,

For we've solved what he never could guess,

How the fish in the river aresmall,

But the river they live in isLesse."

H. A. B.

Derivation of "Canada."—I send you a cutting from an old newspaper, on the derivation of this word:

"The name of Canada, according to Sir John Barrow, originated in the following circumstances. When the Portuguese, under Gasper Cortcreal, in the year 1500, first ascended the great river St. Lawrence, they believed it was the strait of which they were in search, and through which a passage might be discovered into the Indian Sea. But on arriving at the point whence they could clearly ascertain it was not a strait but a river, they, with all the emphasis of disappointed hopes, exclaimed repeatedly 'Canada!'—Here nothing; words which were remembered and repeated by the natives on seeing Europeans arrive in 1534, who naturally conjectured that the word they heard employed so often must denote the name of the country."

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Railway Signals.—An effective communication from the guard to the engineman, for the prevention of railway accidents, seems to be an important desideratum, which has hitherto baffled the ingenuity of philosophers. The only proposed plan likely to be adopted, is that of a cord passing below the foot-boards, and placing the valve of the steam whistle under the control of the guard. The trouble attending this scheme, and the liability to neglect and disarrangement, render its success doubtful. What I humbly suggest is, that the guard should be provided with an independent instrument which would produce a sound sufficiently loud to catch the ear of the engineman. Suppose, for instance, that the mouth-piece of a clarionet, or the windpipe of a duck, or a metallic imitation, were affixed to the muzzle of an air-gun, and the condensed air discharged through the confined aperture; a shrill sound would be emitted. Surely, then, a small instrument might be contrived upon this principle, powerful enough to arrest the attention of the engineer, if not equal to the familiar shriek of the present whistle.

It is hoped that this hint will be followed up; that your publication will sustain its character by thus providing a medium of intercommunication for these worthies, who can respectively lay claim to the titles of men of science and men ofletters, and that some experimenter "when found will make anote"—a stunning one.

T. C.

A Centenarian Trading Vessel.—There is a small smack now trading in the Bristol Channel, in excellent condition and repair, and likely to last for many years, called the "Fanny," which was built in 1753. This vessel belongs to Porlock, in the port of Bridgewater, and was originally built at Aberthaw in South Wales. Can any of your readers refer to any othertradingvessel so old as this?

Anon.

At what place, and by what bishop, was he ordained, in 1661? His ordination probably took place in the diocese of Oxford, London, Winchester, or Worcester. The discovery of it has hitherto baffled much research.

Jon Ken, an elder brother of the Bishop, was Treasurer of the East India Company in 1683. Where can anything be learned of him? Is there any mention of him in the books of the East India Company? Was he the Ken mentioned in Roger North'sLives of the Norths, as one of the court-rakes? When did he die, and where was he buried? This Jon Ken married Rose, the daughter of Sir Thomas Vernon, of Coleman Street, and by her is said (by Hawkins) to have had a daughter, married to the Honorable Christopher Frederick Kreienberg, Hanoverian Resident in London. Did M. Kreienberg die in this country, or can anything be ascertained of him or his wife?

The Bishop wrote to James II. a letter of intercession on behalf of the rebels in 1685. Can this letter be found in the State-Paper Office, or elsewhere?

In answer to a sermon preached by Bishop Ken, on 5th May, 1687, one F. I. R., designating himself "a most loyal Irish subject of theCompany of Jesuits," wrote some "Animadversions." Could this be the "fath. Jo. Reed," aBenedictine, mentioned in the Life of A. Wood, under date of July 21, 1671? Father Reed was author ofVotiva Tabula. Can any one throw any light on this?

J. J. J.

Canute's Reproof to his Courtiers.—Opposite the Southampton Docks, in the Canute Road, is the Canute Hotel, with this inscription in front: "Near this spot,A.D.1028, Canute reproved his courtiers." The building is of very recent date.

Query, Is there any and what authority for the statement?

Salopian.

The Sign of the Cross in the Greek Church.—The members of the Greek Church sign themselves with the sign of the cross in a different manner from those of the Western Church. What is the difference?

J. C. B.

Reverend Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale, temp. Eliz.—Dr. T. D. Whitaker mentions, in a note in hisLife of Sir George Radcliffe, Knt., p. 4., 4to. 1810, that at an obscure inn in North Wales he once met with a very interesting account of Midgley in a collection of lives of pious persons,made about the time of Charles I.; but adds, that he had forgotten the title, and had never since been able to obtain the book. Can any reader of "N. & Q." identify this "collection," or furnish any particulars of Midgley not recorded by Brook, Calamy, or Hunter?

F. R. R.

Huet's Navigations of Solomon.—Can you or any of your readers inform me if the treatise referred to in the accompanying extract was ever published? and, if so, what was the result as to the assertions there made?

The History of the Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients. Written in French by Monsieur Huet, Bishop of Avranches. Made English from the Paris Edition. London: Printed for B. Lintot, between the Temple Gates, in Fleet Street, and Mears, at the Lamb, without Temple Bar.1717.

"2dly. It is here we must lay down the most important remark, in point of commerce; and I shall undeniably establish the truth of it in a treatise which I have begun concerning the navigations of Solomon, that the Cape of Good Hope was known, often frequented, and doubled in Solomon's time, and so it was likewise for many years after; and that the Portuguese, to whom the glory of this discovery has been attributed, were not the first that found out this place, but mere secondary discoverers."—P. 20.

Edina.

Edinburgh.

Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1781.—Will any one of your correspondents inform me who was sheriff of Worcestershire in the year 1781*, and give his arms, stating the source of his knowledge on these points, to much oblige

[* John Darke of Breedon, Esq. See Nash'sWorcestershire, Supplement, p. 102.—Ed.]

Tree of the Thousand Images.—Father Huc, in his journey to Thibet, gives an account of a singular tree, bearing this title, and of which the peculiarity is that its leaves and bark are covered with well-defined characters of the Thibetian alphabet. The tree seen by MM. Huc and Gabet appeared to them to be of great age, and is said by the inhabitants to be the only one of its kind known in the country. According to the account given by these travellers, the letters would appear to be formed by the veins of the leaves; the resemblance to Thibetian characters was such as to strike them with astonishment, and they were inclined at first to suspect fraud, but, after repeated observations, arrived at the conclusion that none existed. Do botanists know or conjecture anything about this tree?

C. W. G.

De Burgh Family.—I shall feel much obliged for references to the early seals of the English branch of the family of De Burgh, descended from Harlowen De Burgh, and Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror, especially of that English branch whose armorial bearings were—Or a cross gules: also for information whether the practice, in reference to the spelling of names, was such as to renderBarow, of the latter part of the fifteenth century, Aborough some fifty years afterwards.

E. D. B.

Witchcraft Sermons at Huntingdon.—In an article on Witchcraft in theRetrospective Review(vol. v. p. 121.), it is stated that, in 1593—

"An old man, his wife and daughter, were accused of bewitching the five children of a Mr. Throgmorton, several servants, the lady of Sir Samuel Cromwell, and other persons.... They were executed, and their goods, which were of the value of forty pounds, being escheated to Sir S. Cromwell, as lord of the manor, he gave the amount to the mayor and aldermen of Huntingdon, for a rent-charge of forty shillings yearly, to be paid out of their town lands, for an annual lecture upon the subject of witchcraft, to be preached at their town every Lady-Day, by a doctor or bachelor of divinity, of Queen's College, Cambridge."

Is this sum yet paid, and the sermon still preached, or has it fallen into disuse now that it is unpopular to believe in witchcraft and diabolic possession? Have any of the sermons been published?

Edward Peacock, Junior.

Bottesford, Kirton in Lindsey.

Consort.—A former correspondent applied for a notice of Mons. Consort, said to have been a mystical impostor similar to the famous Cagliostro. I beg to renew the same inquiry.

A. N.

Creole.—This word is variously represented in my Lexicons. Bailey says, "The descendant of an European, born in America," and with him agree the rest, with the exception of theMetropolitana; that Encyclopædia gives the meaning, "The descendant of an European and an American Indian." A friend advocating the first meaning derives the word from the Spanish. Another friend, in favour of the second meaning, derives it originally fromκεραννυμι,to mix; which word is fetched, perhaps far-fetched, fromκερας, the horn in which liquors aremixed. Light on this word would be acceptable.

Gilbert N. Smith.

Shearman Family.—Is there a family namedShearmanorShermanin Yorkshire, or in the city of York? What are their arms? Is there any record of any of that family settling in Ireland, in the county or city of Kilkenny, about the middle of the seventeenth century, or at an earlier period in Cork? Are there any genealogical records of them? Was Robert Shearman, warden of the hospital of St. Cross in Winchester, of that family? Was Roger Shearman, who signed the Declarationof American Independence, a member of same? Is there any record of three brothers, Robert, Oliver, and Francis Shearman, coming to England in the army of William the Conqueror?

John F. Shearman.

Kilkenny.

Traitors' Ford.—There is a place called Traitors' Ford on the borders of Warwickshire and Oxfordshire, near the source of the little river Stour, about two miles from the village of Whichford, in the former county. What is the origin of the name? There is no notice of it in Dugdale'sWarwickshire, nor is it mentioned in the older maps of the county of Warwick. The vicinity to the field of Edge-Hill would lead one to suppose it may be connected with some event of the period of the Civil Wars.

Spes.

"Your most obedient humble Servant."—In Beloe'sAnecdotes of Literature, vol. ii. p. 93., mention is made of a poem entitledThe Historie of Edward the Second, surnamed Carnarvon. The author, Sir Francis Hubert, in 1629, when closing the dedication of this poem to his brother, Mr. Richard Hubert, thus remarks:

"And so, humbly desiring the Almighty to blesse you both in soule, body, and estate, I rest not yourservant, according to thenew, and fine, but false phrase of the time, but in honest old English, your loving brother and true friend for ever."

Query, At what time, and with whom did this very common and most unmeaning term in English correspondence have its origin?

W. W.

Malta.

Version of a Proverb.—What, and where to be found, is the true version of "Qui facit per alium, facit per se?"

P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.

Ellis Walker.—Can any reader of "N. & Q." give any information as to Ellis Walker, who made aPoetical Paraphrase of the Enchiridion of Epictetus? He dedicates it to "his honoured uncle, Mr. Samuel Walker of York," and speaks of having taken Epictetus for his companion when he fled from the "present troubles in Ireland." My edition is printed in London, 1716, but of what edition is not mentioned; but I presume the work to have been of earlier date, probably in 1690-1, as indeed I find it to have been, by inserted addresses to the author, of date in the latter year. Any information as to the translator will oblige.

A. B. R.

Belmont.

"The Northerne Castle."—Pepys, in hisDiary, 14th September, 1667, says, "To the King's playhouse, to seeThe Northerne Castle, which I think I never did see before." Is anything known of this play and its authorship? or was itThe Northern Lass, by Richard Brome, first published in 1632? Perhaps Pepys has quoted the second title of some play.

J. Y.

Prayer-Book in French.—Can any of your readers give some satisfactory information respecting the earliest translations of the English Prayer-Book into French? By whom, when, for whom, were they first made? Does any copy still exist of one (which I have seen somewhere alluded to) published before Dean Durel's editions? By what authority have they been put forth? Is there any information to be found collected by any writer on this subject?

O. W. J.

"Navita Erythræum," &c.—Running the risk of being smiled at for my ignorance, I wish to have a reference to the following lines:

"Navita Erythræum pavidus qui navigat æquor,In proræ et puppis summo resonantia pendetTintinnabula; eo sonitu prægrandia Cete,Balenas, et monstra marina a navibus arcet."

"Navita Erythræum pavidus qui navigat æquor,

In proræ et puppis summo resonantia pendet

Tintinnabula; eo sonitu prægrandia Cete,

Balenas, et monstra marina a navibus arcet."

H. T. Ellacombe.

Edmund Burke.—Can any of your correspondents tell me when and where he was married?

B. E. B.

Plan of London.—Is there any good plan of London, showing its present extent? The answer is, None. What is more, there never was a decent plan of this vast metropolis. There is published occasionally, on a small sheet of paper, a wretched and disgraceful pretence to one, bedaubed with paint. Can you explain the cause of this? Every other capital in Europe has handsome plans, easy to be obtained: nay more, almost every provincial town, whether in this country or on the Continent, possesses better engraved and more accurate plans than this great capital can pretend to. Try and use your influence to get this defect supplied.

L. S. W.

Minchin.—Could any of your Irish correspondents give me any information with regard to the sons of Col. Thomas Walcot (c. 1683), or the families of Minchin and Fitzgerald, co. Tipperary, he would much oblige

Leapor's "Unhappy Father."—Can you tell me where the scene of this play, a tragedy by Mary Leapor, is laid, and the names of thedramatis personæ? It is to be found in the second volume ofPoems, by Mary Leapor, 8vo. 1751. This authoress was the daughter of a gardener in Northamptonshire, and the only education she received consisted in being taught reading and writing. She was born in 1722, and died in 1746, at the early age of twenty-four. Her poeticalmerit is commemorated in the Rev. John Duncombe's poem of theFeminead.

A. Z.

[The scene, a gentleman's country house. Thedramatis personæ: Dycarbas, the unhappy father; Lycander and Polonius, sons of Dycarbas, in love with Terentia; Eustathius, nephew of Dycarbas, and husband of Emilia; Leonardo, cousin of Eustathius; Paulus, servant of Dycarbas; Plynus, servant to Eustathius; Timnus, servant to Polonius; Emilia, daughter of Dycarbas; Terentia, a young lady under the guardianship of Dycarbas; Claudia, servant to Terentia.]

Meaning of "The Litten" or "Litton."—This name is given to a small piece of land, now pasture, inclosed within the moat of the ancient manor of Marwell, formerly Merewelle, in Hants, once the property of the see of Winchester. It does not appear to have been ever covered by buildings. What is the meaning or derivation of the term? Does the name exist in any other place, as applied to a piece of land situated as the above-described piece? I have spelt it as pronounced by the bailiff of the farm.

W. H. G.

Winchester.

[Junius and Ray derive it from the Anglo-Saxon lictun,cœmiterium, a burying-place. Our correspondent, however, will find its etymology discussed in theGentleman's Magazine, vol. lxxviii. pp. 216. 303. and 319.]

St. James' Market House.—In a biography of Richard Baxter, the Nonconformist divine, about 1671:

"Mr. Baxter came up to London, and was one of the Tuesday lecturers at Pinner's Hall, and a Friday lecturer at Fetter Lane; but on Sundays he for some time preached only occasionally, and afterwards more statedly in St. James's Market House."

Where was the Market House situate?

P. T.

[Cunningham, in hisHandbook of London, under the head of St. James' Market, Jermyn Street, St. James', tells us that "here, in a room over the Market House, preached Richard Baxter, the celebrated Nonconformist. On the occasion of his first Sermon, the main beam of the building cracked beneath the weight of the congregation." We recollect the old market and Market House, which must have stood on the ground now occupied by Waterloo Place.]

(Vol. vii., pp. 108. 268.)

Reginensishas been referred by F. R. A. to Drake'sEssaysfor an account of this journal. Drake's account is, however, very incorrect. TheGrub Street Journaldid not terminate, as he states, on the 24th August, 1732, but was continued in the original folio size to the 29th Dec., 1737; the last No. being 418., instead of 138., as he incorrectly gives it. He appears to have supposed that the 12mo. abridgment in two volumes contained all the essays in the paper; whereas it did not comprise more than a third of them. He mentions as the principal writers Dr. Richard Russel and Dr. John Martyn. Budgell, however, inThe Bee(February, 1733) says, "The person thought to be at the head of the paper is Mr. R—l (Russel), a nonjuring clergyman, Mr. P—e (Pope), and some other gentlemen." Whether Pope wrote in it or not, it seems to have been used as a vehicle by his friends for their attacks upon his foes, and the war against the Dunces is carried on with great wit and spirit in its pages. It is by far the most entertaining of the old newspapers, and throws no small light upon the literary history of the time. I have a complete series of the journal in folio, as well as of the continuation, in a large 4to. form, under the title ofThe Literary Courier of Grub Street, which commenced January 5, 1738, and appears to have terminated at the 30th No., on the 27th July, 1738. I never saw another complete copy.The Grub Street Journalwould afford materials for many curious and amusing extracts. One very entertaining part of it is the "Domestic News," under which head it gives the various and often contradictory accounts of the daily newspapers, with a most humorous running commentary.

James Crossley.

(Vol. v., p. 122.)

Sir James Emerson Tennent, in his learned and curious Note on stone worship in Ireland, desires information as to the present existence of worship of stone pillars in Orkney. When he says it continued till a late period, I suppose he must allude to the standing stone at Stenness, perforated by a hole, with the sanctity attached to promises confirmed by the junction of hands through the hole, called the promise of Odin. Dr. Daniel Wilson enters into this fully inPræhistoric Annals of Scotland, pp. 99, 100, 101. It has been told myself that if a lad and lass promised marriage with joined hands through the hole, the promise was held to be binding. Whence the sanctity attached to such a promise I could not ascertain to be known, and I did not hear of any other superstition connected with this stone, which was destroyed in 1814. In the remote island of North Ronaldshay is another standing stone, perforated by a hole, but there is no superstition of this nature attached to it. At the Yule time the inhabitants danced about it, and when there were yule dancings in neighbouring houses, they began the dancing at the stone, and danced from the stone all the road to what was called tome the dancing-house. The sword dance, with a great deal of intricate crossing, and its peculiar simple tune, still exists in Orkney, but is not danced with swords, though I heard of clubs or sticks having been substituted. There are found in these islands the two circles of stones at Stenness, and single standing stones. One of these, at Swannay in Birsay, is said by tradition to have been raised to mark the spot where the procession rested when carrying the body of St. Magnus after his murder in Egilshay in 1110, from that island to Christ's Kirk in Birsay, where it was first interred. Here is a date and a purpose. The single standing stones, in accordance withSir James'sopinion, and to use nearly his expressions, are said to mark the burial-places of distinguished men, to commemorate battles and great events, and to denote boundaries; and these, and still more the circles, are objects of respect as belonging to ages gone by, but principally with the educated classes, and there is no superstition remaining with any. Such a thing as the swathing stone of South Inchkea is not known to have existed. The stones in the two circles, and the single standing stones, are all plain; but there was found lately a stone of the sculptured symbolical class, inserted to form the base of a window in St. Peter's Kirk, South Ronaldshay, and another of the same class in the island of Bressay, in Zetland. The first is now in the Museum of Scottish Antiquaries in Edinburgh; and the Zetland stone, understood to be very curious, is either there or in Newcastle, and both are forming the subject of antiquarian inquiry.

W. H. F.

(Continued fromVol. vii., p. 255.)

The following are probably trifling, but may be considered worth recording. Facing the title-page toThe Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, London, W. Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, &c., 1717, 8vo., no date at end of preface, is in (no doubt) his own hand:

"To the Right Honorable the Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, from his ever-oblig'd, most faithfull, and affectionate servant,Alex. Pope."

Cranmer'sBible, title gone, but at end, Maye 1541:

"This Bible was given to me by my ffather Coke when I went to keepe Christmas with him at Holckam, anno Domini 1658.Will. Cobbe."

Sir William Cobbe of Beverley, York, knight, married Winifred, sixth daughter of John (fourth son of the chief justice), who was born 9th May, 1589.

This copy has, before Joshua and Psalms, a page of engravings, being the "seconde" and "thyrde parte;" also before the New Testament, the well-known one of Henry VIII. giving the Bible, but the space for Cromwell's arms is left blank or white. Cromwell was executed July 1540; but do his arms appear in the 1540 impressions?

Cranmer's quarterings are, 1 and 4, Cranmer; 2, six lions r.; 3, fusils of Aslacton. In theGent. Mag., vol. lxii. pp. 976. 991., is an engraving of a stone of Cranmer's father, with the fusils on his right, and Cranmer on his left. The note at p. 991. calls the birds cranes, but states that Glover's Yorkshire and other pedigrees have pelicans; and Southey (Book of the Church, ii. p. 97.) states that Henry VIII. altered the cranes to pelicans, telling him that he, like them, should be ready to shed his blood. The engraving, however, clearly represents drops of blood falling, and those in the Bible appear to be pelicans also.

This Bible has the days of the month in MS. against the proper psalms, and where a leaf has been repaired, "A.D.1608, per me Davidem Winsdon curate."

A. C.

(Vol. vii., pp. 107. 307.)

I think I can supply I. E. with another example of the application of this name to a place. A few miles east or south-east of Exeter, on the borders of a waste tract of down extending from Woodbury towards the sea, there is a village which is spelt on the ordnance map, and is commonly called,Greendale. In strictness there are, I believe, two Greendales, an upper and a lower Greendale. A small stream, tributary to the Clyst river, flows past them.

Now this place formerly belonged to the family of Aumerle, or Alba Marla, as part of the manor of Woodbury. From that family it passed to William Briwere, the founder of Tor Abbey, and was by him made part of the endowment of that monastery in the reign of Richard I. In the two cartularies of that house, of which abstracts will be found in Oliver'sMonasticon, there are many instruments relating to this place, which is there called Grendel, Grindel, and Gryndell. In none of them does the name of Greendale occur, which appears to be a very recent form. Even Lysons, in hisDevonshire, does not seem to be aware of this mode of spelling it, but always adopts one of the old ways of writing the word.

I have not seen the spot very lately, but, according to the best of my recollection, it has not now any feature in keeping with the mythological character of the fiend of the moor and fen. The neighbouring district of down and common land would not be an inappropriate habitat for such a personage. It has few trees of any pretension toage, and is still covered in great part with a dark and scanty vegetation, which is sufficiently dreary except at those seasons when the brilliant colours of the blooming heath and dwarf furze give it an aspect of remarkable beauty.

Whether the present name of Greendale be a mere corruption of the earliest name, or be not, in fact, a restoration of it to its original meaning, is a matter which I am not prepared to discuss. As a general rule, a sound etymologist will not hastily desert an obvious and trite explanation to go in search of a more recondite import. He will not have recourse to the devil for the solution of anodus, till he has exhausted more legitimate sources of assistance.

The "N. & Q." have readers nearer to the spot in question than I am, who may, perhaps, be able to throw some light on the subject, and inform us whether Greendale still possesses the trace of any of those natural features which would justify the demoniacal derivation proposed by I. E. It must not, however, be forgotten that three centuries and a half of laborious culture bestowed upon the property by the monks of Tor, must have gone far to exorcise and reclaim it.

E. S.

Some years ago I asked the meaning ofGrindleorGrundle, as applied to a deep, narrow watercourse at Wattisfield in Suffolk. The Grundle lies between the high road and the "Croft," adjoining a mansion which once belonged to the Abbots of Bury. The clear and rapid water was almost hidden by brambles and underwood; and the roots of a row of fine trees standing in the Croft were washed bare by its winter fury. The bank on that side was high and broken; the bed of the Grundle I observed to lie above the surface of the road, on the opposite side of which the ground rises rapidly to the table land of clay. My fancy instantly suggested a river flowing through this hollow, and the idea was strengthened by the appearance of the landscape. The village stands on irregular ground, descending by steep slopes into narrow valleys and contracted meadows. I can well imagine that water was an enemy or "fiend" to the first settlers, and I was told that in winter the Grundle is still a roaring brook.

I find I have a Note that "in Charters, places bearing the name Grendel are always connected with water."

F. C. B.

Diss.

(Vol. vii., p. 332.)

Mr. Ellacombewill find some account of this personage, who was Prior of Kilmainham, and for several years served the office of Lord Justice of Ireland, in Holinshed'sChronicles of Ireland, sub anno 1325,et seq.: also in "The Annals of Ireland," in the second volume of Gibson'sCamden, 3rd edition, sub eod. anno. He was nearly related to the lady Alice Kettle, and her son William Utlawe, al. Outlaw; against whom that singular charge of sorcery was brought by Richard Lederede, Bishop of Ossory. The account of this charge is so curious that, for the benefit of those readers of "N. & Q." who may not have the means of referring to the books above cited, I am tempted to extract it from Holinshed:

"In these daies lived, in the Diocese of Ossorie, the Ladie Alice Kettle, whome the Bishop ascited to purge hir selfe of the fame of inchantment and witchcraft imposed unto hir, and to one Petronill and Basill, hir complices. She was charged to have nightlie conference with a spirit called Robin Artisson, to whome she sacrificed in the high waie nine red cocks, and nine peacocks' eies. Also, that she swept the streets of Kilkennie betweene compleine and twilight, raking all the filth towards the doores of hir sonne William Outlaw, murmuring and muttering secretlie with hir selfe these words:"'To the house of William my sonneHie all the wealth of Kilkennie towne.'"At the first conviction, they abjured and did penance; but shortlie after, they were found in relapse, and then was Petronill burnt at Kilkennie: the other twaine might not be heard of. She, at the hour of hir death, accused the said William as privie to their sorceries, whome the bishop held in durance nine weeks; forbidding his keepers to eat or to drinke with him, or to speake to him more than once in the daie. But at length, thorough the sute and instance of Arnold le Powre, then seneschall of Kilkennie, he was delivered, and after corrupted with bribes the seneschall to persecute the bishop: so that he thrust him into prison for three moneths. In rifling the closet of the ladie, they found a wafer of sacramentall bread, having the divel's name stamped thereon insteed of Jesus Christ's; and a pipe of ointment, wherewith she greased a staffe, upon which she ambled and gallopped thorough thicke and thin when and in what maner she listed. This businesse about these witches troubled all the state of Ireland the more; for that the ladie was supported by certeine of the nobilitie, and lastlie conveied over into England; since which time it could never be understood what became of hir."

"'To the house of William my sonneHie all the wealth of Kilkennie towne.'

"'To the house of William my sonne

Hie all the wealth of Kilkennie towne.'

"At the first conviction, they abjured and did penance; but shortlie after, they were found in relapse, and then was Petronill burnt at Kilkennie: the other twaine might not be heard of. She, at the hour of hir death, accused the said William as privie to their sorceries, whome the bishop held in durance nine weeks; forbidding his keepers to eat or to drinke with him, or to speake to him more than once in the daie. But at length, thorough the sute and instance of Arnold le Powre, then seneschall of Kilkennie, he was delivered, and after corrupted with bribes the seneschall to persecute the bishop: so that he thrust him into prison for three moneths. In rifling the closet of the ladie, they found a wafer of sacramentall bread, having the divel's name stamped thereon insteed of Jesus Christ's; and a pipe of ointment, wherewith she greased a staffe, upon which she ambled and gallopped thorough thicke and thin when and in what maner she listed. This businesse about these witches troubled all the state of Ireland the more; for that the ladie was supported by certeine of the nobilitie, and lastlie conveied over into England; since which time it could never be understood what became of hir."

Roger Outlawe, the Prior of Kilmainham, was made Lord Justice for the first time in 1327. The Bishop of Ossory was then seeking his revenge on Arnold le Powre, for he had given information against him as being—

"Convented and convicted in his consistorie of certeine hereticall opinions; but because the beginning of Powres accusation concerned the justice's kinsman, and the bishop was mistrusted to prosecute his owne wrong, and the person of the man, rather than the fault, a daie was limited for the justifieing of the bill, the partie being apprehended and respited thereunto. This dealing the bishop (who durst not stirre out ofKilkennie to prosecute his accusation) was reputed parciall: and when by meanes hereof the matter hanged in suspense, he infamed the said prior as an abettor and favourer of Arnold's heresie. The Prior submitted himselfe to the trial."

Proclamation was made, "That it should be lawful for anie man ... to accuse, &c. the Lord Justice; but none came." In the end, six inquisitors were appointed to examine the bishops and other persons, and they—

"All with universal consent deposed for the Prior, affirming that (to their judgements) he was a zelous and a faithfull child of the Catholike Church. In the meane time, Arnold le Powre, the prisoner, deceased in the castell; and because he stood unpurged, long he laie unburied."

In 1332, William Outlawe is said to have been Prior of Kilmainham, and lieutenant of John Lord Darcie, Lord Justice.

This Bishop of Ossorie, Richard Lederede, was a minorite of London: he had a troubled episcopate, and was long in banishment in England. I have met with his name in the Register of Adam de Orlton, Bishop of Winchester, where he is recorded as assisting that prelate in some of his duties,A.D.1336. He died however peaceably in his see, and was a benefactor to his cathedral. (See Ware'sHistory of Ireland.)

W. H. G.

Winchester.

[It may be added, that much information respecting both Roger Outlawe and the trial of Alice Kyteler would be found in the interesting volume published by the Camden society in 1842, under the editorship of Mr. Wright, entitledProceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler, prosecuted for Sorcery in 1324.]

Your correspondentH. T. Ellacombeasks who this Roger Outlawe was, and expresses his surprise that a prior of a religious house should "sit aslocum tenensof a judge in a law court."

But the words"tenens locum Johannis Darcy le cosyn justiciarii Hiberniæ"do not imply that Outlawe sat aslocum tenensof a judge in a law court. For this Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord Lieutenant (as we would now say), of Ireland, and Roger Outlawe was hislocum tenens.

Nothing, however, was more common at that period than for ecclesiastics to be judges in law courts; and it happens that this very Roger was Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1321 to 1325, and again, 1326—1330: again, 1333: again (a fourth time), 1335: and a fifth time in 1339: for even then, as now, we were cursed in Ireland by perpetual changes of administration and of law officers, so that we have scarcely had any uniform practice, and our respect for law has been proportionally small.

Sir John Darcy was Lord Justice, or Lord Lieutenant, in 1322, in 1324, in 1328 (in which year Roger Outlawe was hislocum tenensduring his absence), in 1322, and on to 1340.

Roger Outlawe was Lord Justice, either in his own right or aslocum tenensfor others, in 1328, 1330, and 1340, in which last year he died in office. His death is thus recorded in Clyn'sAnnals(edited by Dean Butler for the Irish Archæological Society), p. 29.:

"Item die Martis, in crastino beatæ Agathæ virginis, obiit frater Rogerus Outlawe, prior hospitalis in Hibernia, apud Any, tunc locum justiciarii tenens: et etiam Cancellarius Domini Regis, trium simul functus officio. Vir prudens et graciosus, qui multas possessiones, ecclesias, et redditus ordini suo adquisivit sua industria, et regis Angliæ gratia speciali et licentia."

To this day, in the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,Lords Justicesare appointed.

J. H. Todd.

Trin. Coll., Dublin.

(Vol. v., pp. 25. 65.; Vol. vii., p. 341.)

I am obliged toDr. Rimbaultfor noticing, what had escaped me, that this Prospectus has been reprinted in theCensura Literaria, vol. vi. p. 352. With respect to my ground for attributing it to Johnson, it will, I think, be obvious enough to any one who reads my remarks, that it was on the internal evidence alone, on which, as every one is aware, many additions have been made to his acknowledged compositions. Your correspondent C., with whom I always regret to differ, is so far at variance with me as to state it as his opinion that "nothing can be less like Johnson's peculiar style," and refers me to a note, with which I was perfectly familiar, to show—but which I must say I cannot see that it does in the slightest degree—"that it is impossible that Johnson could have written this Prospectus." Another correspondent, whose communication I am unable immediately to refer to, likewise recorded his dissent from my conclusion. Next followsDr. Rimbault, whom I understand to differ from me also, and who says (but where is the authority for the statement?) "Haslewood believed it to have been the production of Messrs. Cibber and Shields." I have every respect for Haslewood as a diligent antiquary, but I confess I do not attach much weight to his opinion on a question of critical taste or nice discrimination of style. I had, as I have observed, assigned the Prospectus to Dr. Johnson on the internal evidence alone; but since it appeared in "N. & Q." I have become aware of an important corroboration of my opinion in a copy of Cibber'sLiveswhich formerly belonged to Isaac Reed, and which I have recently purchased. At the beginning of the first volume he has pasted in the Prospectus, and under it is the following note in hishandwriting: "The above advertisement was written or revised by Dr. Johnson.—J. R." Reed's general correctness and capacity of judging in literary matters are too well known to render it necessary for me to enlarge upon them; and with this support I am quite content to leave the point in issue between your correspondents and myself to the decision of that part of your readers who take an interest in similar literary questions.

It will be observed that I have confined myself in my remarks to the Prospectus exclusively. The authorship of theLivesthemselves is another question, and a very curious one, and not, by any means, as your correspondent C. appears to think, "settled." Perhaps I may, on a future occasion, trouble you with some remarks upon theLivesin detail, endeavouring to assign the respective portions to the several contributors.

James Crossley.

(Vol. vii., p. 23.)

As I consider that the true origin ofpic-nicremains yet to be discovered, permit me to try and trace the word through France into Italy, and to endeavour to show that the land with the "fatal gift of beauty" was its birthplace; and that when the Medici married into France, the august ladies probably imported, together with fans, gloves, and poisons, a pastime which, under the name ofpique-nique, became, as Leroux says in hisDictionnaire Comique,"un divertissement fort à la mode à Paris."

I will not occupy space by quoting the article "at length" from Leroux, but the substance is this:—Persons of quality, of both sexes, who wished to enjoy themselves, and feast together, either in the open air or in the house of one of the number, imposed upon each one the task of bringing some particular article, or doing some particular duty in connexion with the feast. And to show how stringent was the expressionpique-niquein imposing a specific task, Leroux quotes"considérant que chacun avait besoin de ses pièces, prononça unarrêtde pique-nique."(Rec. de Pièc. Com.)

Thus, I think Leroux and also Cotgrave show that the wordpique-niqueinvolves the idea of a task, or particular office, undertaken by each individual for the general benefit.

Let us now go to Italian, and look at the wordnicchia. Both from Alberti and from Baretti we find it to bear the meaning of "a charge, a duty, or an employment;" and if before this word we place the adjectivepiccola, we havepiccola nicchia, "a small task, or trifling service to be performed." Now I think no one can fail to see the identity of themeaningsof the expressionspiccola nicchiaandpique-nique; but it remains to show how the words themselves may be identical. Those who have been in the habit of reading much of the older Italian authors (subsequent to Boccacio) will bear me out in my statement of the frequency of contraction of words in familiar use: the plays, particularly, show it, from the dialogues in Machiavelli or Goldoni to the libretto of a modern opera; so much as to render it very probable thatpiccola nicchiamight stand aspicc' nicc', just as we ourselves have been in the habit of degradingscandalum magnatumintoscan. mag.It only remains now to carry thispicc' nicc'into France, and, according to what is usual in Gallicising Italian words, to change thecorchintoque, to have what I started with, viz. thedivertissementconcerning which Leroux enlarges, and in which, I am afraid, it may be said I have followed his example.

However, I consider theDecameronof Boccacio as a probable period where the temporary queen of the day would impose thearrêtofpique-niqueupon her subjects; and when I look over the engravings of the manners and customs of the Italians of the Middle Ages, all indicating the frequency of theal frescobanquets, and find that subsequently Watteau and Lancret revel in similar amusements in France, where the personages of thefêtemanifestly wear Italian-fashioned garments; and when we are taught that such parties of pleasure were calledpique-niques, I think it is fair to infer that the expression is a Gallicised one from an Italian phrase of the same signification.

I do not know if it will be conceded that I have proved my casepositively, but I might go so farnegativelyas to show that in no other European language can I find any word or words which, having a similar sound, will bear an analysis of adaptation; and though there is every probability that the custom ofpic-nicing obtained in preference in the sunny south, there are few, I think, that would rush for an explanation into the Eastern languages, on the plea that the Crusaders, being in the habit ofal frescobanquetting, might have brought home the expressionpic-nic.

John Anthony, M.D.

Washwood, Birmingham.

This word would seem to be derived from the French. Wailly, in hisNouveau Vocabulaire, describes it as"repas où chacun paye son écot,"a feast towards which each guest contributes a portion of the expense. Its etymology is thus explained by Girault-Duvivier, in hisGrammaire des Grammaires:

"Pique-nique, plur. despique-nique: des repas où ceux quipiquent, quimangent, font signe de la tête qu'ils paieront."Les Allemands, dit M. Lemare, ont aussi leurpicknick, qui a le même sens que le nôtre.Pickensignifiepiquer,becqueter, etnickensignifiefaire signe de la tête.Pique-niqueest donc, commepasse-passe, un composé de deux verbes; Il est dans l'analogie de cette phrase, 'Qui touche, mouille.'"

"Pique-nique, plur. despique-nique: des repas où ceux quipiquent, quimangent, font signe de la tête qu'ils paieront.

"Les Allemands, dit M. Lemare, ont aussi leurpicknick, qui a le même sens que le nôtre.Pickensignifiepiquer,becqueter, etnickensignifiefaire signe de la tête.Pique-niqueest donc, commepasse-passe, un composé de deux verbes; Il est dans l'analogie de cette phrase, 'Qui touche, mouille.'"

Henry H. Breen.

(Vol. iii., p. 38.)

Your correspondent's inquiry with respect to the missing MSS. of Peter Sterry, which were intended to form a second volume of his posthumous works, published without printer's name in 1710, 4to., and of which MSS. a list is given in vol. i., does not seem to have led to any result. As I feel equal interest with himself in every production of Sterry, I am tempted again to repeat the Query, in the hope of some discovery being made of these valuable remains. I have no doubt the editor of the "Appearance of God to Man," and the other discourses printed in the first volume, was R. Roach, who edited Jeremiah White'sPersuasion to Moderation, Lond., 1708, 8vo.; and afterwards publishedThe Great Crisis, andThe Imperial Standard of Messiah Triumphant, 1727, 8vo.; and probably Sterry's MSS. may be found if Roach's papers can be traced. It is curious that a similar loss of MSS. seems to have occurred with regard to several of the works of Jeremiah White, who, like Sterry, was a chaplain of Cromwell (how well that great man knew how to select them!), and, like Sterry, was of that admirable Cambridge theological school which Whichcot, John Smith, and Cudworth have made so renowned. Neither of these distinguished men have yet, that I am aware of, found their way into any biographical dictionary. White is slightly noticed by Calamy (vol. ii. p. 57.; vol. iv. p. 85.). Sterry, it appears, died on Nov. 19, 1672. White survived him many years, and died in the seventy-eighth year of his age, 1707. Of the latter, there is an engraved portrait; of the former, none that I know of; nor am I aware of the burial-place of either. The works which I have met with of Sterry are his seven sermons preached before Parliament, &c., and published in different years; hisRise, Race, and Royalty of the Kingdom of God in the Soul of Man, 1683, 4to.; hisDiscourse of the Freedom of the Will(a title which does not by any means convey the character of the book), Lond., 1675, fol.; and the 4to. before mentioned, being vol. i. of hisRemains, published in 1710. Of White I only knew a Funeral Sermon on Mr. Francis Fuller; hisPersuasion to Moderation, above noticed, which is an enlargement of part of his preface to Sterry'sRise, &c.; and hisTreatise on the Restoration of all Things, 1712, 8vo., which has recently been republished by Dr. Thom. To hisPersuasionis appended an advertisement:

"There being a design of publishing the rest of Mr. White's works, any that have either Letters or other Manuscripts of his by them are desired to communicate them to Mr. John Tarrey, distiller, at the Golden Fleece, near Shadwick Dock."

This design, with the exception of the publication ofThe Restoration, seems to have proved abortive. White entertained many opinions in common with Sterry, which he advocates with great power. He does not however, like his fellow chaplain, soar into the pure empyrean of theology with unfailing pinions. Sterry has frequently sentences which Milton might not have been ashamed to own. HisDiscourse of the Freedom of the Willis a noble performance, and the preface will well bear a comparison with Cudworth's famous sermon on the same subject.

Jas. Crossley.

Colouring Collodion Portraits.—I shall be obliged if any brother photographer will kindly inform me, through the medium of "N. & Q.," the best method of colouring collodion portraits and views in a style similar to the hyalotypes shown at the Great Exhibition.

We country photographers are much indebted toDr. Diamondfor the valuable information we have obtained through his excellent papers in "N. & Q.," and perceiving he is shortly about to give us the benefit of his experience in a compact form, under the modest title ofPhotographic Notes, I suggest that, if one of his Notes should contain the best method of colouring collodion proofs, so as to render them applicable for dissolving views, &c., he will be conferring a benefit on many of your subscribers; and, as one of your oldest, allow me to subscribe myself

Photo.

On some Points in the Collodion Process.—In your impression of this day's date (Vol. vii., p. 363.), the Rev.J. L. Sissondesires the opinion of other photographers relative to lifting the plate with the film of collodion up and down several times in the bath of nit. silv. solution; and as my experience on this point is diametrically opposed to his own, I venture to state it with the view of eliciting a discussion.

Theevennessof the film is not at all dependent upon this practice; but its sensibility to light appears to be considerably increased.

The plate, after being plunged in, should be allowed to repose quietly from twenty to thirty minutes,and then rapidlyslid in and out several times, until the liquid flows off in one continuous and evensheetof liquid; and this also has a beneficial effect in washing off any little particles of collodion, dust, oxide, or any foreign matter which, if adherent, would form centres of chemical action, and cause spottiness in the negative.

I find that the plate is more sensitive also, if not exposed before all the exciting fluid that can bedrained offis got rid of; that is, while still quite moist, but without anyflowingliquid.

As to redipping the plate before development, it is, I believe,in generaluseless; but when the plate has gotverydry it may be dipped again, but should be thenwell drainedbefore the developing solution is applied.

Mr. F. Maxwell Lyte(p. 364.) quotes the price of the purest iodide of potassium at 1s.3d.per oz. I should be glad to know where it can be obtained, as I find the price constantly varies, and upon the last occasion I paid 4s.per oz., and I think never less than 1s.8d.

Mr. L. Merrittwill probably succeed in applying the cement for a glass bath thus:—Place the pieces of glass upon wood of any kind in an oven with the door open until he can only just handle them; then, with a roll of the cement, melting the end in the flame of a spirit-lamp, apply it as if for sealing a letter. This should be done as quickly as possible. The glasses may then be passed over the flame of the lamp (in contact with it), so as to raise the temperature, until the cement is quite soft and nearly boiling (this can be done without heating the parts near the fingers); and while hot the two separate pieces should be applied by putting one down on a piece of wood covered with flannel, and pressing the other with any wooden instrument: metal in contact would cause an instantaneous fracture.

Mr. Merritt's difficulty with the developing solutions depends most probably in the case of the pyrogallic acid mixture not having enough acetic acid. The protonitrate of iron, if made according toDr. Diamond's formula, doesnotrequire any acetic acid, and flows quite readily; but the protosulphate solution requires a bath, and the same solution may be used over and over again.

Geo. Shadbolt.

London, April 9, 1853.

Economical Iodizing Process.—Mr. Maxwell Lyteis probably as good a judge as myself, as to where any weak point or difficulty is found in iodizing paper with the carbonate of potass: if any chemical is likely to be the cause of unusual activity, it is the carbonic acid, and not the cyanide of potash. I still continue to use that formula, and have not iodized paper with any other: though I have made some variations which may perhaps be of use. I found that the nitrate of potash is almost the same in its effects as the carbonate. I would as soon use the one as the other; but the state I conceive to be the most effective, is the diluted liquor potassæ: that would be with iodine about the same state as the iodide of potash, but hitherto I have not tried it, though mean to do so.

I am not quite certain as to whether, theoretically, this position is right; but I find in iodide of potash, and in the above formula, that the iodine is absorbed in greater quantities by the silver, than the alkaline potash by the nitric acid. Thus, by using a solution for some time, it will at last contain but very little iodine at all, and not enough for the purpose of the photographer; hence it requires renewing. And I have lately observed that paper is much more effective, in every way, if it is floated on free iodine twice before it is used in the camera, viz. once when it is made, and again when it is dry: the last time containing a little bromine water and glacial acetic acid. It appears to me that the paper will absorb its proper dose of iodine better when dry, and the glacial acetic acid will set free any small amount of alkaline potash there may be on the surface; so that it will not embrown on applying gallic acid. By using the ammonio-nitrate of silver in iodizing, and proceeding as above, I find it all I can wish as far as regards the power of my camera. With this paper I can use an aperture of half an inch diameter, and take anything in the shade and open air in five or six minutes, in the sun in less time. The yellow colour also comes off better in the hypo. sulph.

I thinkMr. Maxwell Lytehas made a mistake as to the price he quotes: about here I cannot get any iodide of potash under 2s.per ounce, and the five grains to the ounce added to the common dose of nitrate of silver is hardly worth speaking of; it would amount, in fact, to about fifteen grains in a quire of Whatman's paper,—no great hardship, because many use much higher doses of silver for iodizing; forty grains to the ounce is not uncommonly used, but I believe twenty-five grains quite enough.

I presume, inSir Wm. Newton's mode of treating positives, the acid of the alum decomposes the alkali of the hypo. sulph. And it would be, I suppose, better for the picture, if its state were entirely neutral when put away or framed; but if alum is added, acid must remain, sinceSir Wm.says it combines with the size. What I should imagine is, that the idea is good; but experience can only decide if the picture is better put away in an acid condition. I should think there are more available acids for the purpose, for alum has an injurious effect upon colour; and a positive is nothing but colour, the organic matter of the paper stained as it were by the silver: for, after all its washings and application of re-agents, no silver can possibly remain in the paper. The safest state therefore of putting away ought to be ascertained and decided upon; as it is no use doing them if they fade, or even lose their tones.

Weld Taylor.

N.B.—The iodized ammonio-nitrate paper will not bear exposure to the sun; it will keep anylength of time, but should be kept in a paper, and away from any considerable degree of light.

Bishop Juxon's Account of Vendible Books in England(Vol. vi., pp. 515. 592.).—The following note in Wilson'sHistory of the Merchant Taylors' School, p. 783., solves the Query respecting the authorship of this bibliographical work.

"The Catalogue of Books in England alphabetically digested, printed at London, 1658, 4to., is ascribed to Bishop Juxon in Osborne'sCataloguefor 1755, p. 40. But, as Mr. Watts, the judicious librarian of Sion College, has observed to me, this is no authority, the Epistle Dedicatory bearing internal evidence against it. The author's name wasWilliam London, whence arose the mistake!"

J. Yeowell.

Hoxton.

Dutensiana(Vol. vi., p. 376.; Vol. vii., p. 26.).—The following statement, extracted from Quérard'sFrance Littéraire,sub voceDutens, will account for the discrepancies mentioned by your correspondents with reference to the works of Louis Dutens.

Dutens published three volumes ofMemoirs, which he afterwards committed to the flames, out of consideration for certain living characters. He then published, in three volumes, hisMémoires d'un Voyageur qui se repose, the two first containing the author's life, and the third being theDutensiana.

Your correspondent W. (Vol. vi., p. 376.) says that Dutens published at Geneva, in six volumes 4to., with prefaces, the entire works of Leibnitz. This statement is thus qualified by theBiographie Universelle:

"L. Dutens est l'Editeur deLeibnitii opera omnia, mais c'est à tort que quelques bibliographes lui attribuent lesInstitutions Leibnitiennes. Cet ouvrage est de l'Abbé Sigorgne."

The same correspondent inquires whether Dutens was not also the author ofCorrespondence inteceptée: andSir W. C. Trevelyan(Vol. vii., p. 26.) says he had seen a presentation copy of it, although it is not included in the list of Dutens'Worksgiven by Lowndes.

This is explained by the fact that the work, originally published under the title ofCorrespondence interceptée, was afterwards embodied in theMémoires d'un Voyageur. Lowndes seems to have had no knowledge of it as a separate publication.

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Vicars-Apostolic(Vol. vii., pp. 309, 310.).—Allow me to correct an error or two in my list of the vicars-apostolic, which appeared in your 178th Number, p 309. The three archpriests wereappointedto their office, notconsecrated.

P. 309.—Northern District.Bishop Witham was consecrated 1703, not 1716. He wastranslatedfrom the Midland to the Northern District in 1716.

P. 310.—In the list of the present Roman Catholic prelates in England and Wales, the bishops—from Archbishop Wiseman to Bishop Hendren inclusive—weretranslatedin 1850, notconsecrated.

J. R. W.

Bristol.

Tombstone in Churchyard(Vol. vii., p. 331.).—In Ecclesfield churchyard is the following inscription, cut in bold capitals, and as legible as when the slab was first laid down:

"Here lieth the bodie of Richard Lord, late Vicar of Ecclesfield, 1600."

If, however, A. C.'s Query be not limited to slabs in the open air, he will probably be interested by the following, copied by me from the floors of the respective churches, which are all in this neighbourhood. The first is from the unused church of St. John at Laughton-le-Morthing, near Roche Abbey, and is, according to Mr. Hunter, one of the earliest specimens of a monumental inscription in the vernacular:

"Here lyeth Robt. Dinningto' and Alis his wyfe. Robert dyed ī yefest of San James Mmoccc iiijxxxiijmo. Alis dyed o' Tisday ī Pas. Woke, aoDn̅i Mocccmoxxxowhose saules God assoyl for is m'cy. Ame'."

The next three are partly pewed over; but the uncovered parts are perfectly legible. The first two are from Tankersley, the third from Wentworth:

"Hic jacet dn̅s Thomas Toykyl ... die mensis Aprilis anno dn̅i M. cccc. lxxxx. scd̅o...."" ... Mensis Octob. ano̅ dni Millim̅o cccc. xxx. quinto."" ... Ano̅ dn̅i Millesimo cccc. xxxx. vi. cuius aie̅ deus propitietur."

"Hic jacet dn̅s Thomas Toykyl ... die mensis Aprilis anno dn̅i M. cccc. lxxxx. scd̅o...."

" ... Mensis Octob. ano̅ dni Millim̅o cccc. xxx. quinto."

" ... Ano̅ dn̅i Millesimo cccc. xxxx. vi. cuius aie̅ deus propitietur."

Also in Ecclesfield Church is a slab bearing the dates 1571, and J. W. 1593; and the remains of two others, with dates "Mocccccoxixo," and "Mocccccoxxxovio."

J. Eastwood.

Ecclesfield Hall, Sheffield.

"Her face is like," &c.(Vol. vii., p. 305.).—

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