Queries.

"Julia, my wife, has grown quite rude,She has left me in a lonesome mood;She has left my board,She has took my bed,She has gave away my meat and bread,She has left me in spite of friends and church,She has carried with her all my shirts.Now ye who read this paper,Since she cut this reckless caper,I will not pay one single fractionFor any debts of her contraction.Levi Rockwell.East Windsor, Conn. Aug. 4, 1853."

"Julia, my wife, has grown quite rude,

She has left me in a lonesome mood;

She has left my board,

She has took my bed,

She has gave away my meat and bread,

She has left me in spite of friends and church,

She has carried with her all my shirts.

Now ye who read this paper,

Since she cut this reckless caper,

I will not pay one single fraction

For any debts of her contraction.

Levi Rockwell.

East Windsor, Conn. Aug. 4, 1853."

G. M. B.

Gravestone Inscription.—I send an inscription on a gravestone in Northill churchyard, Bedfordshire, which is now nearly obliterated, given me by the Rev. John Taddy:

"Life is a city full of crooked streets,Death is the market-place where all men meets.If life were merchandise which men could buy,The rich would only live, the poor would die."

"Life is a city full of crooked streets,

Death is the market-place where all men meets.

If life were merchandise which men could buy,

The rich would only live, the poor would die."

Julia R. Bockett.

Southcote Lodge.

Monumental Inscription.—

"Here lyeth the body of the most noble Elizabeth, daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, own sister to King Henry the Fourth, wife of John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter, after married to Sir John Cornwall, Knight of the Garter, and Lord Fanhope. She died the 4th year of Henry the Sixth, Anno Domini 1426."

The above is on a monument in Burford Church, in the county of Salop, and will perhaps be interesting to your correspondentMr. Hardy.

Burford Church, in which there are several other interesting monuments, is situated in the luxuriant valley of the Teme, about eight miles south-east of Ludlow.

A Salopian.

"A Discourse of Government, as examined by Reason, Scripture, and the Law of the Land. Written in 1678, small 8vo.: London, 1694.""Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., &c., 8vo.: London, 1702."

"A Discourse of Government, as examined by Reason, Scripture, and the Law of the Land. Written in 1678, small 8vo.: London, 1694."

"Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., &c., 8vo.: London, 1702."

To one or the other of these publications there was prefixed a preface which, as giving offence to the government, was suppressed. I agree with Mr. Bindley, who says (writing to Mr. Granger),

"The account you have given in your books of thesuppressed prefaceto Sir Philip Warwick'sMemoirs, is an anecdote too curious not to make one wish itauthenticated."—Letters to Mr. Granger, p. 389.

The statement of Granger is adopted also by the Edinburgh editor of theMemoirsin 1813 (query, Sir W. Scott?), who says in his preface,

"These Memoirs were first published by the learned Dr. Thomas Smith, a nonjuring divine, distinguished by oriental learning, and his writings concerning the Greek Church. The learned editor added a preface so much marked by his political principles, that he was compelled toalter and retrench it, for fear of a prosecution at the instance of the crown."—Preface, p. ix.

So far as concerns theMemoirs. But in a note prefixed to a copy of theDiscourse of Government, now in the Bodleian among Malone's books, and in his handwriting, it is stated,—

"This book was published by Dr. Thomas Smith, the learned writer concerning the Greek Church. The preface, not being agreeable to the Court at the time it was published (the 5th year of William III.), was suppressed by authority, but is found in this and a few other copies. Granger says (vol. iv. p. 60., vol. v. p. 267., new edit.) that this preface by Dr. Smith was prefixed to Sir P. W.'sMemoirs of Charles I.; but this is a mistake. Whether Smith was the editor of theMemoirsI know not.—Edmond Malone."

The obnoxious preface is assigned to theDiscourse of Governmentalso, by a writer in theGentleman's Magazinefor 1790, p. 509., where is a portrait of Warwick, and a notice of his life.

The Edinburgh editor of theMemoirsgives theoriginal prefaceof that work, which presents nothing at which exception could be taken. But as my copy of theDiscourseis one of the few which (according to Malone) retains the address of "the publisher to the reader," I transcribe the following passages, which perhaps will sufficiently explain the suppression in 1694:

"As to the disciples and followers of Buchanan, Hobbs and Milton, who have exceeded their masters in downright impudence, scurrility, and lying, and the new modellers of commonwealths, who, under a zealous pretence of securing the rights of afancied original contractagainst the encroachments of monarchs, are sowing the seeds of eternal disagreements, confusions,and bloody wars throughout the world (for the influence of evil principles hath no bounds, but, like infectious air, spreads everywhere), the peaceable, sober, truly Christian, and Church-of-England doctrine contained in this book, so directly contrary to their furious, mad, unchristian, and fanatical maxims, it cannot otherwise be expected but that they will soon be alarmed, and betake themselves to their usual arts of slander and reviling, and grow very fierce and clamorous upon it. Whatever shall happen," &c.

Subsequently the author is spoken of as

"A gentlemen of sincere piety, of strict morals, of a great and vast understanding, and of a very solid judgement; a true son of the Church of England, andconsequently a zealous asserter and defender of the truly Christian and apostolical doctrine of non-resistance; always loyal and faithful to the king his master in the worst of times," &c.

After these specimens, there will be little difficulty, I think, in determining that Granger was mistaken in describing the preface to theMemoirsas that which was suppressed, and that it was the publisher's "address to the reader" of theDiscoursewhich incurred that sentence. Dr. Thomas Smith appears to have edited both works; and in the same address informs us of other works of Warwick in

"Divinity, philosophy, history, especially that of England, practical devotion, and the like. This I now publish [theDiscourse] was written in the year 1678 (and designed as an appendix to hisMemoirs of the Reign of King Charles the First, of most blessed memory, which hereafter may see the light, when more auspicious times shall encourage and favour the publication), which he, being very exact and curious in his compositions, did often refine upon," &c.

It may be well to inquire whether any of these theological or philosophical lucubrations are yet extant. Was Sir Philip connected at all with Dr. Smith, or was he descended from Arthur Warwick, author ofSpare Minutes?

Balliolensis.

I shall be exceedingly obliged by any explanatory remarks on the following list of seals:—

1. Oval (size 2.1 in. by 1.3). The angel Gabriel kneeling before a standing figure of the Virgin, and holding a scroll, on which is inscribedAVE MARIA. Legend:

*crossS. HOS * PITALIS * IER * NE * NACH.

Yarmouth was anciently called Gernemutha, or Iernemutha; and Ives attributes this seal to Yarmouth, though both the legend and the workmanship have a decidedly foreign appearance.

Can any more satisfactory locality be assigned it?

2. Circular (1 in. in diameter). Three fishes naiant (the arms of Yarmouth), within a bordure of six cusps. Legend:

SAAL D' ASAI D' GRANT GARNAMVT.

Workmanship of about the fourteenth century; use unknown; but it has been employed for sealing burgess letters for many years past, until 1847.

Can it have reference to the staple? (Vid. Statutes at Large, Anne; 27 Ed. III. stat. 2.; 43 Ed. III. cap. 1.; 14 Ric. II. cap. 1.)

3. Circular (size 1.1 in. diameter). On an escutcheon a herring hauriant; the only instance of this bearing in connection with Yarmouth. Legend:

S. offic : corrotulat : í : nove : Iernmuth.

Of this seal nothing whatever is known. Its workmanship is of the fifteenth century. The suggested extension of the legend is "Sigillum officii contrarotulatoris"—in nova Jernemutha, or innaveJernemuthe. But was Yarmouth ever callednova Gernemutha? or what was the office alluded to?

The above are required for a literary purpose; and as speedy an answer as possible would much oblige me.

E. S. Taylor.

Hand in Bishop Canning's Church.—In Bishop Canning's Church, Wilts, is a curious painting of a hand outstretched, and having on the fingers and thumb several inscriptions in abbreviated Latin. Can any correspondent tell me when and why this was placed in the church; and also the inscriptions which appear thereon?

Russell Gole.

"I put a spoke in his wheel."—What is the meaning of the phrase, "I put a spoke in his wheel?"

In April last, a petition was heard in the Rolls Court on the part of the trustees of Manchester New College, praying that they might be allowed to remove that institution to London; and a single trustee was heard against such removal. One of the friends of the college was on this occasion heard to remark, "the removal to London was going on very smoothly, and it would have been done by this time, if this one trustee had notput his spoke in the wheel:" meaning, that the conscientious scruple of this trustee was the soleimpediment to the movement. Is this thecustomaryand proper mode of using the phrase; and, if so, how can putting a spoke to a wheel impede its motion?

On the other hand, having heard some persons say that they had always understood the phrase to denote affordinghelpto an undertaking, and confidently allege that this must be theolderandmore correct usage, for "what," say they, "is a wheel without spokes?" I inquired of an intelligent lady, of long American descent, in what way she had been accustomed to hear the phrase employed, and the answer was "Certainly as a help: we used to say to one who had anything in hand of difficult accomplishment, 'Do not be faint-hearted, I'll give you a spoke.'"

Dr. Johnson, in the folio edition of hisDictionary, 1755, after defining a spoke to be the "bar of a wheel that passes from the nave to the felly," cites:

" . . . . All you gods,In general synod, take away her power,Break all thespokesand fellies to her wheel,And bowl the round nave down the hill of Heaven."—Shakspeare.

" . . . . All you gods,

In general synod, take away her power,

Break all thespokesand fellies to her wheel,

And bowl the round nave down the hill of Heaven."—Shakspeare.

G. K.

Sir W. Hewit.—At p. 159. of Mr. Thoms's recent edition of Pulleyn'sEtymological Compendium, Sir W. Hewit, the father-in-law of Edward Osborne, who was destined to found the ducal family of Leeds, is said to have been "a pin-maker." Some other accounts state that he was a clothworker; others again, that he was a goldsmith. Which is correct; and what is the authority? And where may any pedigree of the Osborne family,previous to Edward, be seen?

H. T. Griffith.

Passage in Virgil.—Dr. Johnson, in his celebrated Letter to Lord Chesterfield, says, in reference to the hollowness of patronage: "The shepherd, in Virgil, grew at last acquainted with Love; and found him a native of the rocks." To what passage in Virgil does Johnson here refer, and what is the point intended to be conveyed?

R. Fitzsimons.

Dublin.

Fauntleroy.—In Binns'Anatomy of Sleepit is stated that a few years ago an affidavit was taken in an English court of justice, to the effect that Fauntleroy was still living in a town of the United States.

Can any of your correspondents refer me to the circumstance in question?

C. Clifton Barry.

Animal Prefixes, descriptive of Size and Quality.—Will somebody oblige me by pointing out in the modern languages any analogous instances to the Greekβον, Englishhorse-radish,dog-rose,bull-finch, &c.?

C. Clifton Barry.

Punning Devices.—Sir John Cullum, in hisHist. of Hawsted, 1st edit. p. 114., says that the seal of Sir William Clopton, knight, t. Hen. VII., was "a ton, out of which issues some plant, perhaps acaltrop, which might be contracted to the first syllable of his name." This appears to be too violent a contraction. Can any of your readers suggest any other or closer analogy between the name and device?

Buriensis.

"Pinece with a stink."—In Archbishop Bramhall'sSchism Guarded(written against Serjeant) there is a passage in which the above curious expression occurs, and of which I can find no satisfactory, nor indeed any explanation whatever. The passage is this (Works, vol. ii. p. 545., edit. Ox.):

"But when he is baffled in the cause, he hath a reserve,—that Venerable Bede, and Gildas, and Foxe in his Acts and Monuments, do brand the Britons for wicked men, making them 'as good as Atheists; of which gang if this Dinoth were one,' he 'will neither wish the Pope such friends, nor envy them to the Protestants.'"What needeth this, when he hath got the worst of the cause, to defend himself like apinece with a stink? We read no other character of Dinoth, but as of a pious, learned, and prudent man."

"What needeth this, when he hath got the worst of the cause, to defend himself like apinece with a stink? We read no other character of Dinoth, but as of a pious, learned, and prudent man."

Can any of your readers furnish an explanation?

R. Blakiston.

Soiled Parchment Deeds.—Having in my possession some old and very dirty parchment deeds, and other records, now almost illegible from the accumulation of grease, &c., on the surface of the skins, I am desirous to know if there be any "royal road" to the cleansing and restoration of these otherwise enduring MSS.?

T. Hughes.

Chester.

Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s Cheshire Collection.—Can any of your correspondents say where the original collection made by the above-named gentleman, or a copy of them, referred to in Dr. Foote Gower'sSketch of the Materials for a Cheshire History, may now be met with?

Cestriensis.

Cambridge and Ireland.—In the first volume of thePictorial History of England, p. 270., it is stated that—

"Martin skins are mentioned inDomesday Bookamong the commodities brought by sea to Chester; and this appears from other authorities to have been one of the exports in ancient times from Ireland. Notices are also found of merchants from Irelandlanding at Cambridgewith cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."

The authority quoted for this statement is Turner, vol. iii. p. 113.

On referring to Turner'sAnglo-Saxons, I find it stated:

"We read of merchants from Irelandlanding at Cambridgewith cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."

Mr. Turner refers to Gale, vol. ii. p. 482.

I do not know to what work Mr. Turner refers, unless to Gale'sRerum Anglicarum ScriptoresVeteres; on examining this I can find no passage at the page and volume indicated, on the subject.

Can any of your readers state where it is to be found? It appears remarkable that the merchants from Ireland should land at the inland town of Cambridge, and it seems a probable conjecture that Cambridge is a mistake for Cambria.

William of Malmesbury speaks of a commerce between Ireland and the neighbourhood of Chester, and it seems much more probable that the merchants of Ireland landed in Wales than in Cambridge.

John Thrupp.

Derivation of Celt.—What is the proper derivation of the wordcelt, as applied to certain weapons of antiquity? A good authority, in Dr. Smith'sDictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, p. 351., obtains the term from—

"Celtes, an old Latin word for a chisel, probably derived from cælo, to engrave."

Mr. Wright (The Celt, Roman, and Saxon, p. 73.) says that Hearne first applied the word to such implements inbronze, believing them to be "Romanceltesor chisels;" and that—

"Subsequent writers, ascribing these instruments to the Britons, have retained the name, forgetting its origin, and have applied it indiscriminately, not only to other implements of bronze, but even to the analogous instruments ofstone."

And he objects to the term "as too generally implying that things to which it is applied are Celtic." On the other hand, Dr. Wilson (Prehistoric Annals, p. 129.) prefers to retain the word, inasmuch as the Welsh etymologists, Owen and Spurrell, furnish an ancient Cambro-British wordcelt, a flint stone. M. Worsaae (Primeval Antiq., p. 26.) confines the term to those instruments of bronze which have a hollow socket to receive a wooden handle; the other forms being called paalstabs on the Continent. It seems clear that there is no connexion between this word and the name of the nation (Celtæ); but its true origin may perhaps be elicited by a little discussion in the pages of "N. & Q."

C. R. M.

Ancient Superstition against the King of England entering or even beholding the Town of Leicester.—The existence of a superstition to this effect is recorded in Rishanger'sChronicle, and also, as I am informed, in that of Thomas Wikes; but this I have not at present an opportunity of consulting.

Rishanger's words are:

"Rex [Henricus III.] autem, capta Norhamptun., Leycestr. tendens, in ea hospitatus est, quam nullus regni præter eum etiam videre, prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiose, præsumpsit."—P. 26.

It is also mentioned by Matthew of Westminster. (Vide Bohn's edition, vol. ii. p. 412.) The statement, that no king before Henry III. had entered the town, is however incorrect, as William the Conqueror and King John are instances to the contrary.

Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of this superstition, or favour me with any farther notices respecting it?

It is not unworthy of observation that very many of the royal personages who have visited Leicester, have been either unfortunate in their lives, or have met with tragical deaths.

We may, however, hope, for the credit of the town, that their misfortunes may be attributed to other causes, rather than to their presence within its time-hallowed walls.

Wm. Kelly.

Leicester.

Burton.—Is there any family of this name who can make out a descent from, or connexion with, a Mr. John Burton, alderman of Doncaster, who died 1718?

C. J.

The Camera Lucida.—I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. & Q." who would be kind enough to answer the following questions, and refer me to any work treating of the handling and management of the Camera Lucida. I have one made by King of Bristol, and purchased about thirty years ago: it draws out, like a telescope, in three pieces, each six inches long; and at full length will give a picture of the dimensions of twenty inches by twelve. The upper piece is marked from above downwards, thus: at two inches below the lens, "2;" at an inch below that point, "3;" at half an inch lower, "4;" at half an inch lower still, "5;" half an inch below the point "5," a "7" is marked; and half an inch below the "7," there is a "10;" at seven-eighths below this last, "D" is marked. What reference have these nicely graduated points to the distance of an object from the instrument? Do the figures merely determine the size of the picture to be taken? How is one to be guided in their use and application to practice?

Caret.

Francis Moore.—Francis Moore was born at Bakewell about the year 1592, and was Proctor of Lichfield Cathedral at the time of the Great Rebellion. I am anxious to know who were his parents, and what their place of abode.

Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle.—What were the family arms of Dr. John Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle, who died October 29, 1734? Was he of a Scotch family, and are any of his descendants now living?

Rufus.

Palace at Enfield.—We read that there was formerly a royal palace at Enfield in Middlesex, ten miles north from London; and one room stillremains in its original state. Can you, or any of your subscribers, inform me whereabouts in the town it is situated? Also, the date of erection of the church?

Hazelwood.

"Solamen miseris," &c.—Please to state in what author is the following line? No one knows.

"Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris."

A Constant Reader.

Soke Mills.—Correspondents are requested to communicate the names of "Soke" or Manorial Mills, to which the suit is still enforced.

S. M.

Second Wife of Mallet.—The second wife of Mallet was Lucy Elstob, a Yorkshire lady, daughter of a steward of the Earl of Carlisle. Can any of your readers inform me at what place in Yorkshire her father resided, and where the marriage with Mallet in 1742 took place? She survived her husband, and lived to the age of eighty years. Where did she die, and what family did Mallet leave by his two wives?

Leamington.

Books burned by the Common Hangman.—

"Historia Anglo-Scotica: or an Impartial History of all that happen'd between the kings and kingdoms of England and Scotland from the beginning of the Reign ofWilliam the Conquerorto the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, &c., by James Drake, M.D., 8vo., London, 1703."

Of this work it is said, in a note in theCatalogueof Geo. Chalmers' library (fourth day's sale, Sept. 30, 1841), that—

"On June 30, 1703, the Scotch parliament ordered this book to be burned by the hands of the common hangman, and that the magistrates of Edinburgh should see it carried into effect at eleven o'clock on the following day."

Will any correspondent of yours furnish me with some notice of Dr. Drake, the author, and also explain the ground of offence upon which his book was condemned? I confess to be unable to discover anything to offend; neither, as it seems, could Mr. Surtees, for he says:

"I quote Drake'sHistoria Anglo-Scotica, 1703, a book which, for what reason I never could discover, was ordered to be burned by the common hangman."—History of Durham, vol. iv. p. 55. notel.

Any notices of books which have been signalised by being subjected to similar condemnation, would much interest me, and perhaps others of your readers.

Balliolensis.

[The ground of offence for burning theHistoria Anglo-Scoticais stated inThe Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, vol. xi. p. 66., viz.: "Ordered, that a book published by the title ofHistoria Anglo-Scotica, by James Drake, M.D., and dedicated to Sir Edward Symour containing many false and injurious reflections upon the sovereignty and independence of this crown and nation, be burnt by the hand of the common hangman at the mercat Cross of Edinburgh, at eleven o'clock to-morrow (July 1, 1703), and the magistrates of Edinburgh appointed to see the order punctually executed." It would appear from the dedication prefixed to this work, that Drake merely pretended to edit it, for he says, that "upon a diligent revisal, in order, if possible, to discover the name of the author, and the age of his writing, he found that it was written in, or at least not finished till, the time of Charles I." But he says nothing more of the MS., nor how it came into his hands. A notice of Dr. Drake is given in Chalmers'sBiographical Dictionary, and in the preface toThe Memorial of the Church of England, edit. 1711, which was also burnt by the common hangman in 1705. See "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 519.]

Captain George Cusack.—It appears by an affidavit made by a Mr. Thomas Nugent in the year 1674, and now of record in the Exchequer Record Office, Dublin, that—

"He, being on or about the 20th of September preceding in London, was by one Mr. Patrick Dowdall desired to goe along with him to see one George Cusack, then in prison there for severall hainous offences alleadged to have beene by him committed, which he could not do by reason of other occasions; but having within two or three days afterwards mett with Mr. Dowdall, was told by him that he had since their last meeting seene the said Cusack in prison (being the Marshalsea in Southwark) with bolts on, and that none of Cusack's men who were alsoe in prison were bolted:"

that on the 11th of November Cusack was still in restraint, and not as yet come to his trial:

"That there werebookes written of the said Cusack's offences, which he heard cryed about in the streets of London to be sold, and that yegenerall opinion and talke was that the said Cusack should suffer death for his crimes."

By a fragment of an affidavit made by a Mr. Morgan O'Bryen, of the Middle Temple, London, it appears that this man was a Captain George Cusack, who, I presume, was a pirate. May I take leave to ask, are the above-mentioned books in existence, and where are they to be found?

James F. Ferguson.

Dublin.

[In the British Museum is the following pamphlet:—"The Grand Pyrate: or the Life and Death of Captain George Cusack, the Great Sea-Robber, with an Accompt of all his notorious Robberies both at Sea and Land; together with his Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution. Taken by an Impartial Hand." London, 1676, pp. 24. 4to.]

Sir Ralph Winwood.—I am particularly desirous of obtaining some information respectingSir Ralph Winwood, private secretary to James I., and should feel much obliged if any of your numerous correspondents would favour me with anything they may know concerning him, or with the titles of any works in which his name is mentioned.

H. P. W. R.

[Biographical notices of Sir Ralph Winwood will be found inBiographia Britannica, Supplement; Lloyd'sState Worthies; Wood'sAthenæ; Granger and Chalmers' Biographical Dictionaries. Sir F. Drake's Voyage, by T. Maynarde, is dedicated to him. Letters to him from Sir Thomas Roe, in 1615, 1616, are in the British Museum, Add. MS. 6115. fol. 71. 75. 146. And a letter to him from Sir Dudley Carlton will be found in theGentleman's Magazine, vol. lvii. p. 143. The Diaries of the time of James I. may also be consulted; a list of them is given in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 363.]

(Vol. viii., p. 93.)

The authority for this ancient custom appears to be derived from an act of the Convocation which assembled in 1562. Strype informs us (Annals, vol. i. c. 27.) that at this Convocation the following injunctions were given:

"First, That a Catechism be set forth in Latin, which is already done by Mr. Dean of Paul's [Dean Nowell], and wanteth only viewing. Secondly, That certain Articles [the Thirty-nine Articles], containing the principal grounds of Christian religion, be set forth much like to such Articles as were set forth a little before the death of King Edward, of which Articles the most part may be used with additions and corrections as shall be thought convenient. Thirdly, That to these Articles also be adjoined theApology, writ by Bishop Jewell, lately set forth after it, hath been once again revised and so augmented and corrected as occasion serveth. That these be joined inonebook; and by common consent authorised as containing true doctrine, and be enjoined to be taught the youth in the Universities and grammar schools throughout the realm, and also in cathedral churches, and collegiate, and in private houses: and that whosoever shall preach, declare, write, or speak anything in derogation, depraving or despising of the said book, or any doctrine therein contained, and be thereof lawfully convicted before any ordinary, &c., he shall be ordered as in case of heresy, or else shall be punished as is appointed for those that offend and speak against the Book of Common Prayer, set forth in the first year of the Queen's Majesty's reign that now is: that is to say, he shall for the first offence forfeit 100 marks; for the second offence, 400 marks; and for the third offence, all his goods and chattels, and shall suffer imprisonment during life."

It is probable that this book found a place in churches as affording a standard of orthodoxy easy of reference to congregations in times not sufficiently remote from the Reformation, to render the preaching of Romish doctrines unlikely. This, if the surmise be correct, would be emphatically to bring the officiating minister to book. In Prestwich Church, the desk yet remains, together with the "Book of Articles," bound up as prescribed with Jewel'sApology(black-letter, 1611), but the chain has disappeared. The neighbouring church of Bingley has also its desk, to which the chain is still attached; but the "Book of Articles" has given place to some more modern volume.

John Booker.

Prestwich.

Mr. Simpsonwill find some account of theParaphrase of Erasmusso chained (of which he says he cannot recal an instance) at Vol i., p. 172., and Vol. v., p. 332.

The following list (remains of which more or less perfect, with chains appended, are still extant) will probably be interesting to many of your readers:

"Books chayned in the Church, 25th April, 1606.Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.Origen against Celsus.Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.Lira vpon the Kings, &c.Theophilact vpon the New Testamt.Beda vpon Luke and other Ptsof the Testamt.Opuscula Augustini, thome x.Augustini Questiones in Nouū Testamentū.The Paraphrase of Erasmus.The Defence of the Apologye.Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."From Ecclesfield Church accounts.

"Books chayned in the Church, 25th April, 1606.

Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.Origen against Celsus.Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.Lira vpon the Kings, &c.Theophilact vpon the New Testamt.Beda vpon Luke and other Ptsof the Testamt.Opuscula Augustini, thome x.Augustini Questiones in Nouū Testamentū.The Paraphrase of Erasmus.The Defence of the Apologye.Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."From Ecclesfield Church accounts.

Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.

Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.

Origen against Celsus.

Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.

Lira vpon the Kings, &c.

Theophilact vpon the New Testamt.

Beda vpon Luke and other Ptsof the Testamt.

Opuscula Augustini, thome x.

Augustini Questiones in Nouū Testamentū.

The Paraphrase of Erasmus.

The Defence of the Apologye.

Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."

From Ecclesfield Church accounts.

J. Eastwood.

In Malvern Abbey Church is a copy of Dean Comber'sCompanion to the Temple, chained to a desk, and bearing a written inscription to the effect that it should never be removed out of the church; but should remain chained to its desk for ever, for the use of any parishioner who might choose to come in and read it there.

N. B. I have mislaid my copy of this inscription: and should feel greatly obliged to any of your correspondents who may be residing in or near Great Malvern, for a transcript of it. As it may be thought somewhat long for your pages, perhaps some correspondent would kindly copy it out for me, and inclose it to Rev.H. T. Griffith, Hull.

University Club.

(Vol. vii.passim.)

A goodly collection of singular epitaphs has appeared in "N. & Q."; but I believe it yet lacksa specimen of the following tomfoolery—an initial epitaph. Green, in hisHistory of Worcester, gives the following inscription from a monument under the north-west window of St. Andrew's Church in that city:

"Short of Weight.H L T B OR WI H O A J RA D 1780 A 63."

"Short of Weight.

H L T B O

R W

I H O A J R

A D 1780 A 63."

Green adds the following explanation of this riddle:

"Infull measureit would have stood thus: 'Here Lieth The Body Of Richard Weston, In Hopes Of A Joyful Resurrection. Anno Domini 1780. Aged 63.'"

Richard Weston was a baker, and the "Short of weight" gives the clue to the nature of his dealings, and also to the right reading of the epitaph.

The following is from Ombersley Churchyard, Worcestershire:

"Sharp was her wit,Mild was her nature;A tender wife,A good humoured creature."

"Sharp was her wit,

Mild was her nature;

A tender wife,

A good humoured creature."

From the churchyard of St. John, Worcester:

"Honest John'sDead and gone."

"Honest John's

Dead and gone."

From the churchyard of Cofton Hackett, Worcestershire, are the two following:

"Here lieth the body of John Galey, sen., in expectation of the Last Day. What sort of man he was that day will discover. He was clerk of this parish fifty-five years. He died in 1756, aged 75."

The next is also to a Galey. Your correspondentPictor(Vol. viii., p. 98.) gives the same epitaph, slightly altered, as being at Wingfield, Suffolk:

"Pope boldly asserts (some think the maxim odd),An honest man's the noblest work ofGod.If this assertion is from error clear,One of the noblest works ofGodlies here."

"Pope boldly asserts (some think the maxim odd),

An honest man's the noblest work ofGod.

If this assertion is from error clear,

One of the noblest works ofGodlies here."

From Alvechurch, Worcestershire; to a man and wife:

"He, an honest, good-natured, worthy man; she, as eminent for conjugal and maternal virtues during her marriage and widowhood, as she had been before for amiable delicacy of person and manners."

The following, which is probably not to be surpassed, appeared in one of the earliest numbers ofHousehold Words. It is from the churchyard of Pewsey, Wiltshire:

"Here lies the body of Lady O'Looney, great-niece of Burke, commonly called the Sublime. She was bland, passionate, and deeply religious: also, she painted in water-colours, and sent several pictures to the Exhibition. She was first cousin to Lady Jones: and of such is the kingdom of heaven."

Cuthbert Bede, B.A.

If epitaphs of recent date are admitted in "N. & Q.," perhaps the following, upon an editor, which lately appeared in theHalifax Colonist, may not be out of place in your publication:

"Hereliesan editor!Snooksif you will;In mercy, kind Providence,Let himlie still.Heliedfor his living: soHe lived, while helied,When he could notlie longer,Helieddown, and died."

"Hereliesan editor!

Snooksif you will;

In mercy, kind Providence,

Let himlie still.

Heliedfor his living: so

He lived, while helied,

When he could notlie longer,

Helieddown, and died."

W. W.

Malta.

"Here lies a Wife, a Friend, a Mother,I believe there never was such another;She had a head to earn and a heart to give,And many poor she did relieve.She lived in virtue and in virtue died,And now in Heaven she doth reside.Yes! it is true as tongue can tell,If she had a fault, it was loving me too well.And when I am lying by her side,Who was in life her daily pride,Tho' she's confined in coffins three,She'd leave them all and come to me!"

"Here lies a Wife, a Friend, a Mother,

I believe there never was such another;

She had a head to earn and a heart to give,

And many poor she did relieve.

She lived in virtue and in virtue died,

And now in Heaven she doth reside.

Yes! it is true as tongue can tell,

If she had a fault, it was loving me too well.

And when I am lying by her side,

Who was in life her daily pride,

Tho' she's confined in coffins three,

She'd leave them all and come to me!"

The above lines, written on a tablet in a church at Exeter, were composed by Mr. Tuckett, tallow-chandler, to the memory of his wife. An old subscriber of "N. & Q." thinks this epitaph more strange and curious than any which has yet appeared in the columns of that valuable publication.

Anon.

(Vol. vii., p. 507.)

I copy the following from the fly-leaf ofA Treatise of Ecclesiastical Benefices and Revenues, by the learned Father Paul, translated by Tobias Jenkins, 8vo., Westminster, 1736:

"Bibliotheca de Bassingbourn in Com. Cant. Dono dedit Edvardus Nightingale de Kneeseworth Armiger Filius et Hares Fundatoris. Feb. 1mo, 1735to."

How the volume got out of the library I know not: it was purchased some years since at a sale in Oxford.

Y. B. N. J.

To the list of parochial libraries allow me to add that of Denchworth, near Wantage, Berks. In a small apartment over the porch, theparvise, I recollect, some years since, to have seen a very fair collection of old divinity, the books being, all of them, confined by chains, according to the ancient usage, an instance of which I never saw elsewhere.

At St. Peter's Church, Tiverton, there is also a collection of books, mostly the gift of the Newtes, Richard (rejected in 1646 and restored in 1660), and John his son, rectors of the portions of Tidcombe and Clare in that church. The books are preserved in a room over the vestry.

Balliolensis.

Anothervenerablearchdeacon now living permitted the churchwardens of Swaffham to give him a fine copy of Cranmer's Bible belonging to the church library.

S. Z. Z. S.

Add to the list Finedon, in Northamptonshire, where there is a collection of upwards of 1000 volumes in the parvise over the porch.

E. H. A.

(Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., pp. 111. 184.)

The authority for the Duke of Wellington having used these words at the battle of Waterloo is Capt. Batty, of the Grenadier Guards, in a letter written a few days after the battle, published in Booth'sBattle of Waterloo, and illustrated by George Jones, Esq., R.A., who is believed to have superintended the whole publication. I append the extract:—

"Upon the cavalry being repulsed, the Duke himself ordered our second battalion to form line with the third battalion, and, after advancing to the brow of the hill, to lie down and shelter ourselves from the fire. Here we remained, I imagine, near an hour. It was now about seven o'clock. The French infantry had in vain been brought against our line and, as a last resource, Buonaparte resolved upon attacking our part of the position with his veteran Imperial Guard, promising them the plunder of Brussels. Their artillery and they advanced in solid column to where we lay. The Duke, who was riding behind us, watched their approach; and at length, when within a hundred yards of us, exclaimed 'Up, guards, and at them again!' Never was there a prouder moment than this for our country or ourselves," &c.—Second Letter of Capt. Batty, Grenadier Guards, dated June 22, 1815, from the village of Gommignies; his First Letter being dated Bavay, June 21, 1815.

This circumstantial account, written so few days after the battle, detailing affirmatively the command to the guards as heard by one of themselves, will probably countervail the negative testimony of C. as derived from the Duke's want of recollection: as well as the "Goodly Botherby's" ofMr. Cuthbert Bede. As an instance of the Duke's impressions of the battle, I may add, that he stated that there wasno smoke, though Mr. Jones told me, that when he was on the ground two days afterwards the smoke was still hanging over it.

Frank Howard.

Mr. Muller's Process.—Mr. Sissoninquires for any one's experience in the use of the above formula, and I beg to say I remember when it was published I tried it, but gave it up. It is an excellent plan, but requires improvement. The following were my objections:

If the objects are not well illuminated by the sun, the image is not sharp. The skies taken are singularly the reverse of the iodide-of-potash method, as they are almost transparent.

The solutions of iron are a constant trouble by precipitating.

It has the same disadvantages as other modes on paper from inequality in the strength of the image. The photographicpons asinorumappears however to be got over by the process, viz. taking the picture at once in the camera, and it is very possible that it can be made perfect. A small quantity of chromate of potash, about one grain to three ounces of solution of iodide of iron, gives a little more force to the picture.

I find the nitrate of lead a very useful salt in iodizing paper. Six grains of the salt to the ounce of water, and tincture of iodine added till a pale yellow, will give additional sensitiveness to iodized paper, if the sheets are floated upon the solution. This will shorten the time in the camera nearly five minutes; but it requires care, as it is apt to solarize.

A weak solution of iodide of iron has also the same effect, and, if blotted off at once, it will not blacken by the use of gallic acid.

Weld Taylor.

Bayswater.

Stereoscopic Angles.—When I last addressed you, I fancied I should set the stereoscopic-angle question at rest. It appears, however, thatMr. G. Shadboltis unconvinced, and as I alone (to the best of my knowledge) have defined and solved the problem in relation to this subject, you will perhaps allow me to offer a few words in rejoinder toMr. S.'sarguments which, had that gentleman thought more closely, would not have been advanced. This is also requisite, because, from their speciousness, they are likely to mislead such as take what they read for granted.Mr. S.says that when the stereographs are placed at the same distance from the eyes as the focal length of the lens, that 2¼ inches is the best space for the cameras to be apart; and that were this space increased, the result would be as though the pictures were taken from models. To this I reply, that the only correct space for the cameras to be apart is 2½ inches (i. e.the space usually found to be from pupil to pupil of our eyes), and this under every circumstance; and that any departure from this must produce error. As to the model-like appearance, I cannot see the reason ofit. NextMr. Shadboltsays, and rightly, that when the pictures are seen from a less distance than the focal length of the lens, they appear to be increased in bulk. But the "obvious remedy" I pronounce to be wrong, as it must produce error. The remedy is nevertheless obvious, and consists in placing the stereographs at the same distance from the eyes as the focal length of the lens. But, if this cannot be done, it were surely better to submit to some trifling exaggeration than to absolute deformity and error.Mr. S.says also, that as we mainly judge of distance, &c. by the convergence of the optic axis of our eyes (Query, How do persons with only one eye judge?), so, in short or medium distances, it were better to let the camera radiate from its centre to the principal object to be delineated. The result of this must be error, as the following illustration will show. Let the sitter (for it is especially recommended in portraits) hold before him, horizontally, and in parallelism with the picture, a ruler two feet long; and let planes parallel to the ruler pass through the sitter's ears, eyes, nose, &c. The consequence would be that the ruler, and all the other planes parallel to it, would have two vanishing points, and all the features be erroneously rendered. This, to any one conversant with perspective, should suffice. But, as all are not acquainted with perspective, perhaps the following illustration may prove more convincing. Suppose an ass to stand facing the observer; a boy astride him, with a big drum placed before him. Now, under the treatment recommended byMr. G. Shadbolt, both sides of the ass would be visible; both the boy's legs; and the drum would have two heads. This would be untrue, absurd, ridiculous, and quite as wonderful as Mr. Fenton's twelve-feet span view from across the Thames.

Once more, and I shall have done with the present arguments ofMr. G. Shadbolt. He says that the two pictures should have exactly the same range of vision. This I deny: for, were it so, there would be no stereoscopic effect. Let the object be a column: it is evident that a tangent to the left side of the column from the right eye, could not extend so far to the left as a tangent to the left side of the column from the left eye, andvice versâ. And it is only by this difference in the two pictures (or, in other words, the range of vision) that our conceptions of solidity are created. This is not exactly the test to suit the views ofMr. Shadbolt, as I am quite aware; but I chose it for its simplicity, and because it will bear demonstration; and my desire has been to elicit truth, and not to perpetuate error.

In conclusion, I beg to referMr. G. Shadboltto my definition and solution of the stereoscopic problem—which I then said Ibelieved—but which I now unhesitatinglyassertto be correct.

T. L. Marriott.

Ammonio-nitrate of Silver.—The inability of your correspondentPhilo-pho. to form the ammonio-nitrate of silver from a solution of nitrate of silver, which has been used to excite albumenized paper, is in all probability owing to the presence of a small quantity of nitrate of ammonia, which has been imparted to the solution by the paper.

Salts of ammonia form, with those of silver, double salts, from which the oxide of silver is not precipitated by the alkalies.

I cannot however explain how it was that the solution had lost none of its silver, for the paper could not in such case have been rendered sensitive.

J. Leachman.

20. Compton Terrace, Islington.

Sir Thomas Elyot(Vol. viii., p. 220.).—Particulars respecting this once celebrated diplomatist and scholar may be collected from Bernet'sHist. Reformation, ed. 1841, i. 95.; Strype'sEcclesiastical Memorials, i. 221. 263., Append. No. LXII.; Ellis'sLetters, ii. 113.;Archæologia, xxxiii.; Wright'sSuppression of Monasteries, 140.;Lelandi Encomia, 83.; Leland'sCollectanea, iv. 136-148.;Retrospective Review, ii. 381.;Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary, 82. 230.; Chamberlain'sHolbein Heads; Smith'sAutographs; Fuller'sWorthies(Cambridgeshire); Wood'sAthenæ Oxonienses, i. 58.; Lysons'Cambridgeshire, 159.

The grant of Carlton cum Willingham in Cambridgeshire to Sir Thomas Elliot and his wife is enrolled in the Exchequer (Originalia, 32 Hen. VIII., pars 3. rot. 22. vel 221.); and amongst the Inquisitions filed in that Court is one taken after his death (Cant. and Hunt., 37 vel 38 Hen. VIII.).

I believe it will be found on investigation, that Sir Richard Elyot (the father of Sir Thomas) was of Wiltshire rather than of Suffolk. See Leland'sCollectanea, iv. 141. n., and an Inquisition in the Exchequer of the date of 6 or 7 Hen. VIII. thus described in the Calendar: "de manerio de Wanborough com. Wiltes proficua cujus manerii Ricardus Eliot percepit."

C. H. Cooper.

Cambridge.

Judges styled "Reverend"(Vol. viii., p. 158.).—As it is more than probable that your pages may in future be referred to as authority for any statement they contain, especially when the fact they announce is vouched by so valued a name as that of my friendYork Herald, I am sure that he will excuse me for correcting an error into which he has fallen, the more especially as Lord Campbell is equally mistaken (Lord Chancellors, i. 539.).

York Heraldstates, that "Anthony Fitz-Herbert was appointed Chief Justice of the CommonPleas in 1523, and died in 30 Henry VIII." Fitz-Herbert was neverChief Justice. He was made a judge of the Common Pleas in 1522; and so continued till his death at the time mentioned, 1538. During that period, the office of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was successively held by Sir Thomas Brudenell till 1531, by Sir Robert Norwich till 1535, and then by Sir John Baldwin, who was Chief Justice at the time of Fitz-Herbert's death.

William Rastall (afterwards Judge), in the early part of his career, joined his father in the printing business, and there are several books with his imprimatur. It was during that time probably that he formed the table to theNatura Breviumof Anthony Fitz-Herbert, mentioned in the title-page toYork Herald'svolume.

Edward Foss.

"Hurrah" and other War-cries(Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633.; Vol. viii., pp. 20. 88.).—Hurrahis the war-cry of many nations, both in the army and navy. The Dutch seem to have adopted it from the Russians,poeta invito, as we see in the following verses of Staring van den Willenborg:

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