Iter IV.Sites of the Stations.(39) A Lindo ad Vallum usque, sic:From Lincoln to the Wall.CorrectedNumbers.(40) ArgolicoXIIIIXIIIILittleborough.(41) DanoIbi intras MaximamCæsariensemXXXXIDoncaster.(42) Legotio[695]m.p.XVIXVICastleford.(43) Eburaco Municip. olimColonia Sexta[696]XXIXXIYork.(44) IsurioXVIXVIIAldborough.(45) Cattaractoni[697]XXIIIIXXIIIICatterick.(46) Ad TisamXXIIPierce Bridge.(47) VinovioXIIXBinchester.(48) EpiacoXVIII}XIIIILanchester.(49) Ad Muramtrans Murum intras ValentiamVIIII}VIIIIHalton Chester on the Wall.(50) Alauna amneXXVXXVBanks of the Coquet.(51) Tueda flumineXXXXXXVBanks of the Tweed.(52) Ad VallumThe Wall.
The fourth Iter left Lincoln with the Eastern Ermyn Street, which ran to the Humber; and, after continuing on it about five miles, turned suddenly to the left, pursuing its course in a straight line to the Trent, which it passed immediately opposite to the station of Littleborough. The Roman road may be traced from hence to Austerfield and Doncaster, where it fell in with the Western Ermyn Street, and is visible all the way by Castleford, Aberford, and Tadcaster, to York. In this Iter, the station of Tadcaster is passed unnoticed, as in the former the station of Brig Casterton, near Stamford.
From York the Iter is continued along the left bank of the Ouse, till it crossed the river to Aldborough. From hence rejoining the Western Ermyn Street, it passed the Eure, and ran straight through Catterick to the Tees, which it crossed at Piercebridge. It continued by the Royal Oak, St. Andrew Aukland, and the Bishop's Park, to Binchester, where, after fording the Were, it went with the North Watling Street to Lanchester; and, without noticing either Ebchester or Corbridge, over the Tyne to Halton Chester on the Wall. Here separating from the North Watling Street, it ran with the Ermyn Street, now known in Northumberland by the name of the Devil's Causeway, to the bank of the Coquet and the Tweed, and entering Scotland on the East, was continued to the wall of Antonine.
Iter V.Sites of the Stations.(52) A limite Præturiam usque, sic:—To Flamborough Head.CorrectedNumbers.(53) Curia[698](54) Ad finesChew Green.(55) BremenioVIIRiechester.(56) CorstoplioXXXXVCorbridge.(57) VindomoraVIIIIVIIIICorbridge.(47) Vindovio[699]XVIIIIXVIIIIBinchester.(45) CattaractoniXXIIXXIICatterick.(43) EboracoXLXLYork.(58) DerventioneVIIVIIOn the Derwent, near Stamford Bridge.(59) Delgovicia[700]XIII* * * * * * * * *(60) Præturio[701]XXVXXXVIIINear Flamborough Head.
In regard to the part of the country traversed by this Iter, there appears to have been so little connection between the work of our author and the map which accompanies it, that we can rely little on the latter either to assist or correct us. This Iter is made to begin fromCuria, a town probably on the confines of some petty kingdom, and to pass to the first certain post ofBremenium, or Riechester. Now, on referring to the map,Curia, the principal town of the Gadeni, so far from lying on the road which leads toBremenium, the capital of the Ottadini, is considerably to the westward of its course. From this disagreement, commentators have suspected a mistake of the transcriber, and imagine thatCuriais intended forCorium. It is certain, at least, that this Iter, running on the east side of the island, on the track of the Northern Watling Street, enters Northumberland at Chew Green, goes from thence to Riechester (leaving unnoticed the station at Risingham), and runs with it to Corbridge, Ebchester, Binchester, Catterick, and York.
From York to Flamborough Head, a Roman road may still be traced; and as the distance agrees with the Itinerary, and there must have been a Roman post on or near that headland, we should think it more probable that this was the site ofPræturium,[D] although we have not yet discovered the remains of any post on the Derwent, or the intermediate station ofDelgovicia. So many Roman roads from different quarters point towards Stamford bridge, that there is no doubt the station ofDerventiowas near it.
Iter VI.Sites of the Stations.(43) Ab Eboraco Devam usque, sic:—From York to Chester.CorrectedNumbers.(61) Calcaria m.p.VIIIIVIIIITadcaster.(62) CambodunoXXIIXXXIISlack.(63) Mancunio[702]XVIIIXXIIIManchester.(64) Finibus Maximæ et FlaviæXVIIIVIStretford on Mersey.(65) Condate[702A]XVIIIXXIIIKinderton.(20) DevaXVIIIXVIIIChester.
Such appears to be the incorrectness of the numerals attached to this Iter, as well as to the corresponding Iter of Antonine, that, although four of the six stations are well known, and a fifth can scarcely be mistaken, yet, we can in no other way obviate the difficulty than by supposing a station omitted, or by altering the numerals, none of which, except the first, agree with the distances between the vestiges of the different stations and their supposed sites; for example, in the first part between York and Manchester, where the Itinerary gives only 49 miles, the nearest road through Heathersfield amounts to 65.
As the only great and undoubted Roman station between Tadcaster and Manchester is at Slack (for the camps at Kirklees, and Castleshaw, are only temporary posts), it will perhaps be justifiable to fix this point as the site ofCambodunum; to suppose ten miles omitted in this stage; and in the next to conjecture that, by a common error in copying the Roman numerals, XVIII. has been substituted for XXIII. the exact distance from Slack to Manchester.
As the Mersey was undoubtedly the boundary on the West between the Roman provinces of Maxima and Flavia, and as the Roman road still existing crossed it at Stretford, we fix the next point there, and change the number XVII. to VI. The two next stations ofCondateandDeva, the numerals (with a slight alteration) permit us to fix at Kinderton and Chester. It is worthy of remark, that with these alterations the sum total of the numerals remains nearly the same.
Iter VII.Sites of the Stations.(66) A Portu Sistuntiorum Eboracumusque, sic:—From Freckleton to York.CorrectedNumbers.(67) RerigonioXXIIIXIIIRibchester.(68) Ad Alpes PeninosVIIIXXIIIBurrens in Broughton.(69) AlicanaXXIlkley.(44) Isurio[703]XVIIIXVIIIAldborough.(43) EboracoXVIXVIIYork.
This Iter runs from Freckleton on the Ribble to Ribchester, and then over the mountains to Broughton, Ilkley, Aldborough and York. As the Roman road is tolerably perfect all the way to Aldborough, and the vestiges of the stations are undoubted, we are justified in the alteration of the first two numbers, as by this alteration they will correspond with the present distances and the situations of the posts.
Iter VIII.Sites of the Stations.(43) Ab Eboraco Luguvalium usque, sic:—From York to Carlisle.CorrectedNumbers.(45) CattaractoniXLXLCatterick.(70) Lataris[704]XVIXVIIIBowes.(71) Vataris[705]XVIXIIIIBrough.(72) Brocavonacis[706](Brovonacis)XVIIIXIIIKirby Thur.(73) VorredaXVIIIXIIIIPlumpton Wall.(74) Lugubalia[707]XVIIIXIIICarlisle.
The road from York to Catterick has been traced before, and the Roman way from thence to Carlisle ran nearly in the direction of the present turnpike. The only doubt which occurs, therefore, in this Iter, is whether, from a similarity of sound, the transcriber of Richard has not erroneously written Brocavonacis for Brovonacis, which are two neighbouring posts in this direction, the first Brougham, and the second Kirby Thur. As the conjecture is not improbable, the corrected distance is given from the latter.
It is worthy of observation that in this Iter four successive V's have been added by mistake of the transcriber, as is the case in regard to the X's omitted in the third Iter.
Iter IX.Sites of the Stations.(74) A Luguballio Ptorotonim usque, sic:—From Carlisle to Burgh Head.CorrectedNumbers.(75) Trimontio m.p.Birrenswork Hill.(76) Gadanica(77) Corio(52) Ad Vallum Incipit VespasianaCamelon.(78) AlaunaXIIXIIIKier(79) LindoVIIIIVIIIIArdoch.(80) VictoriaVIIIIVIIIIDealgin Ross.(81) Ad HiernamVIIIIVIIIIStrageth.(82) OrreaXIIIIXIIIIOn the Tay above Perth.(83) Ad TavumXVIIIIXVIIIINear Invergowrie.(84) Ad ÆsicamXXIIIXXIIIBrechin on South Esk.(85) Ad TinamVIIIVIIIFordun.(86) DevanaXXIIIXXIIINorman Dikes near Pete Culter.(87) Ad ItunamXXIIIIXXVIGlenmailin on the Ithan.(88) Ad Montem GrampiumXIIINear Knock Hill.(89) Ad SelinamXOn the Cullen near Deskford.(90) TuessisXVIIIIXVIIOn the Spey near Bellie.(91) PtorotoneXVIIBurgh Head.
Innumerable difficulties occur on every side in endeavouring to explain this Iter. There is great reason to believe that theTrimontiumof this Iter was Birrenswork Hill, and that the road ran from thence along the western side of the island as it is traced in the map of Richard. Camelon is allowed by all antiquaries to be theAd Vallum: but it is impossible to draw the line between these two points; for although General Roy has mentioned a road from Carlisle on the eastern side of the Eildon Hills, and another on the western beyond Cleghorn to Castle Cary, there is little authority for the existence of either. Lynekirk has every appearance of a station, lay within the territories of the Gadeni, and would suit the situation assigned toGadanica, but no road has hitherto been discovered leading to or from it. If the western trended at Biggar as much to the east, as that part which remains in the direction of Glasgow does to the west, it would have passed Borthwich Castle or the Gore, which Roy supposes was theCorium. Admitting the identity of this station would clear up the whole of this Iter to the Wall. There is no doubt that the sites ofLindum,Victoria, andAd Hiernamwere at Ardoch, Dealgin Ross, and Strageth.
Notwithstanding the difficulties which occur in tracing this Iter from Carlisle to the Wall, yet from thence to the Tay the direction of the road, and the situation of the stations as fixed by General Roy agree so perfectly with the Itinerary, as to leave no doubt that he has ascertained their real position. But although he discovered a road north of the Tay, yet, as he found no vestiges of stations, Mr. Chalmers seems to have been more successful in fixing the posts between that river andPtoroton.
It does not appear that the road was ever completed: however, fromOrreaon the Tay, a little above Perth, he observes, that the communication ran through the passage of the Sidlaw Hills, and along the Carse of Gowrie to the north end of the estuary of the Tay near Dundee; two miles west of which place, and half a mile north of Invergowrie, are the remains of a Roman camp about two hundred yards square, fortified with a high rampart and spacious ditch. Here he placesAd Tavum. Proceeding hence north-easterly through the natural opening of the country, and passing in the way the camp at Harefaulds, at the distance of twenty-three miles is Brechin on the South Esk, the stationAd Æsicam, exactly in the line laid down in Richard's map, and at the distance given in the Itinerary. Continuing from the South Esk in a north-north-easterly direction, at thedistance of five miles and a half, we reach the North Esk, the supposedAd Tinam. We pass that river at King's Ford, and proceeding up the valley of Lutherwater, at the distance of eight miles and a half find Fordun, where there are the remains of two Roman camps. From thence proceeding seventeen miles, to the well known camp at Raedikes, and continuing in a northerly direction six miles beyond, is the rectangular camp on the Dee at Peter Culter, called Norman Dikes, theDevanaof the Iter. This point is exactly thirty-one miles from Brechin on the South Esk, agrees with the aggregate distances in the ItineraryAd TinamVIII, andAd DevanamXXIII, and corresponds with the track delineated on Richard's map.
The obvious openings through this rugged country point out the way by which the Romans must have penetrated northerly by the right of Achlea Fiddy and Kinmundy, to Kintore on the Don. They followed the Strath to the ford where the high road has always passed to Inverurie, and proceeded north-north-west through the moorlands, to the sources of the Ithan, and the camp at Glenmailin, theItunaof Richard, a distance of twenty-six miles. From thence proceeding northward, across the Doverna at Achengoul, where are still considerable remains of military works; and at the distance of thirteen miles, we reach the high ground north of Foggy lone, at the east side of Knock Hill, theMons Grampiusof the Iter.
Hence the road runs toAd Selinam, which is supposed to be on the Cullen, near the old Tower of Deskford, at the distance of ten miles. Following the course of the river, and the coast of the Murray Frith, seventeen miles, we arrive at the Roman post ofTuessis, on the high bank of the Spey, below the church of Bellie. Seventeen miles further is Burgh Head, thePtorotoneof Richard.
Iter X.Sites of the Stations.(91) Ab ultima Ptorotone per mediaminsulæ IscaDamnonorum usque, sic:—From Burgh Head through the middle of theisland to Exeter.CorrectedNumbers.(92) Varis[708]m.p.VIIIName andNumerals fromGeneral Roy.{ForesVIIII(93) Ad TuessimXVIII{Cromdall on SpeyXX(94) TameaXXVIIII{Braemar CastleXXX(95) ————XXI{Barra Castle on IlaXXX(96) In MedioVIIII{InchstuthillXII(82) OrreaVIIII{Bertha on TayVIIII(80) VictoriaXVIII{Dealgin RossXXIIII(52) Ad Vallum[709]XXXII{CamelonXXXII(74) LuguballiaLXXX{CarlisleCXVIIII(97) BrocavonacisXXIIXXIIBrougham.(98) Ad Alaunam...XXXXVIILancaster.(99) Coccio...XXXVIBlackrode.(63) MancunioXVIIIXVIIIManchester.(65) CondateXXIIIXXIIIKinderton.(100) MediolanoXVIIIXVIChesterton.(15) Etoceto...XXXVWall.——————————(101) Salinis m.p....XXIIDroitwich.——————————(102) Glebon Colon. m.p....XXXIIIIGloucester.(103) CorinoXIIIIXVIIICirencester.(104) Aquas Solis m.p...XXXBath.(105) Ad AquasXVIIIXXProbably Wells.(106) Ad Uxellam amnem m.p....XXIProbably Bridgewater.(107) Isca m.p....XXXXVExeter.
The first part of this Iter is taken from General Roy; and as we have none of the intermediate stations between Carlisle and the Wall, every commentator may choose what route he pleases, although none will coincide with the distances of the Itinerary. From Carlisle, if we place any reliance on the numbers, the next station,Brocavonavis, can only be fixed at Brougham. Thence the road to the banks of the Lune, as well as the station on it, is uncertain; for, whether we choose Overborough or Lancaster, we know of no road to direct us; and the only reason for preferring the latter is the supposed site of the next station,Coccium, at Blackrode, and the course of the road through Lancaster, tending more immediately to that point, than the road through Overborough. The two next stations,MancuniumandCondate, as well as the connecting line of road, are well known. From Kinderton, although there is a Roman way pointing to Chesterton in Staffordshire, theMediolanumof this Iter, and the site ofEtocetumis undoubtedly Wall, yet we speak with hesitation of the line of communication betwixt them; though we presume it ran through Newcastle, Stone, and Ridgeley. From Wall, which is on the Watling Street, the Iter continues along the Ryknield Street, through Sutton Colfield Park, to Birmingham. There falling in with the first Salt-Way, it proceeds to Droitwich, and is continued by the Western Road, through Worcester to Gloucester. Here, turning nearly at a right angle, it passes by the well known Roman road over Birdlip Hill to Cirencester; and trending to the right, proceeds by the Foss toAquæ Solisor Bath. Quitting the Foss, and still bearing to the right, it continues along the lower road to Wells, and from thence toUxella, which was probably at Bridgewater. From the banks of the Parret it ran in the track of the British Way, and the present turnpike by Taunton, Wellington, and Collumpton, to Exeter.
Iter XI.Sites of the Stations.(104) Ab Aquis, per Viam Juliam, Menapiam usque, sic:—From Bath by the Julian Way to St. David's.CorrectedNumbers.(108) Ad Abonam m.p.VIVI}Bitton(109) Ad SabrinamVIVIIII}Unde Trajectu[710]intras in Britanniam SecundamSea Mills.(110) Et Stationem Trajectum[711]IIIIIISevern Side.(111) Venta Siluru[712]VIIIVIIIICaerwent.(112) Isca ColoniaUnde fuit Aaron Martyr.VIIIIVIIIICaerleon.(113) Tibia Amne[713]VIIIXVBanks of the Tanf, possibly Caireu or Caerdiff.(114) BovioXXXXIn Evenny Park.(115) NidoXVXXNear Neath.(116) LeucaroXVXPerhaps Lwghor.(Muridunum omit.XX)XXCaermarthen.(117) Ad VigesimumXXXXCastel Flemish.[714](118) Ad MenapiamXVIIIIXVIIINear St. David's.Ab hac urbe per m.p.XXXNavigas in Hyberniam.
As the course of the Roman road connecting the stations of this Iter is still discernible, we do not hesitate in correcting the imperfections of Richard by the corresponding Iter of Antonine. At Bitton, six miles from Bath, we find marks of a post attended withtumuli, which whether calledAboneorTrajectus[715]is of little importance, because, like the next, Sea Mills, it will suit either appellation, from its position on the Avon, and commanding a passage over that river. From Bitton the Roman way ran nearly in the direction of the present turnpike, north of the river as far as St. George's church; thence it proceeded straight near St. Paul's; ascendedthe Downs behind Mr. Daubeney's house to the direction-post, from whence it crossed Durdham Down, and skirted Mrs. Jackson's park wall to Sea Mills, a great maritime post at the confluence of the Trim and the Avon. It continued by Lord De Clifford's house straight to the Severn, crossed that river, and passed by Caldecot Castle through Caerwent and Caerleon to the bank of the Taaf and Evenny Park, which last place Roman remains lead us to conjecture was the site ofBovium. At Neath we have also little hesitation in fixing the site ofNidus, because a road from theGaernearBreconevidently leads to the same spot.
The remainder of this Iter is obscure.Leucarohas been fixed at Lwghor, principally from the resemblance of the name. From thence the road may have run to Caermarthen (Maridunum), which appears to have been omitted; and was probably continued as straight as the country would permit to Castel Flemish and St. David's, where we would place the stationsVigesimumandMenapia.[716]
Iter XII.Sites of the Stations.(104) Ab Aquis Londinium usque, sic:—CorrectedNumbers.(119) Verlucione m.p.XVXVHighfield, near Sandy Lane.(120) CunetioneXXXVFolly farm, E. of Marlborough.(121) SpinisXVXXSpene.(122) Calleva AtrebatumXVSilchester.(123) BibracteXX}XXXXIIIILondon.(5) LondinioXX}
As the traces of a Roman road from Bath towards Marlborough are still visible, we have only to examine in what points of its course remains have been found sufficient to justify us in determining the sites of the different stations. Accordingly, at fifteen miles from Bath we have Highfield, in Sandy Lane, near Heddington; and at fifteen more Folly Farm, near Marlborough. From hence twenty miles bring us to Spene; and although at this place few remains have been discovered, yet the direction of another Roman road, from Cirencester to the same point, sufficiently proves the existence of a station. Of the site ofCallevaat Silchester[717]there can belittle doubt; although the course of the road from Spene is uncertain. The road from Silchester, still known by the name of the Devil's Causeway, as it runs over Bagshot Heath, as well as evident traces of it between Staines and London, still exist; but the intermediate station ofBibracteis doubtful. If the numbers in this Iter be correct, we cannot deviate from the straight line, and this post must be placed near the hill at Egham, or the head of the Virginia Water.
Iter XIII.Sites of the Stations.(112) Ab Isca Uriconium usque, sic:—From Caerleon to Wroxeter.CorrectedNumbers.(124) Bultro m.p.VIIIVIIIUsk.(125) GobannioXIIXIIAbergavenny.(126) MagnaXXIIIXXIIIKentchester.(127) BranogeniXXIIIXXIIILentwardine.(18) UrioconioXXVIIXXVIIWroxeter.
The beginning of this Iter cannot be traced, notwithstanding two out of the three stations are well known; and we have little doubt thatBaltrumorBurriumwas at Usk (though no Roman remains have been found there), because the distance given from Caerleon toGobanniumor Abergavenny will not admit of any deviation from the straight line. From Abergavenny, after passing the Munnow, the Roman road still exists, particularly near Madley, pointing to Kentchester, and from thence may be traced by the next post of Lentwardine on the Teme, to Wroxeter.
Iter XIV.Sites of the Stations.(112) Ab Isca, per Glebon, Lindum, usque, sic:—From Caerleon, by Gloucester, to Lincoln.CorrectedNumbers.(124) Ballio[718]m.p.VIIIUsk.(128) BlestioXIIXIIIMonmouth.(129) SariconioXIXIIRose or Berry Hill in Weston.(102) Glebon ColoniaXVXVGloucester.(130) Ad AntonamXVXXOn the Avon.(131) AlaunaXVXVAlcester on the Aln.(121) ———...XVIIIICamp at Chesterton on the Foss, near Harwood's house.(13) VennonisXIIXXIHigh Cross.(133) RatiscorionXIIXIILeicester.(134) VenromentoXIIXIIWilloughby.(135) MargidunoXIIXIIEast Bridgeford.(136) Ad PontemXIIVIINear Thorpe turnpike.(137) CrococolanaVIIBrough.(39) LindumXIIXIILincoln.
This Iter ran, like the former, from Caerleon to Usk, where bending to the right it traversed the country to Monmouth. From hence, although we cannot trace the exact line of the road, yet we have no doubt that it crossed the Wye to the next station at Berry Hill, in Weston, under Penyard; and continued nearly in a direct line to Gloucester. As the author has only left the name of a river for the next station, it must be placed in such a situation on the Avon as to admit the distance of fifteen miles from the next station of Alcester, which was the site ofAlauna. This would carry it to the westward of Evesham. From Alcester, likewise, till we reach the Foss, we have neither a road nor distance, nor even the name of a station. For this reason we deem ourselves justified in considering the undoubted Roman camp at Chesterton on the Foss, as the post omitted by our author, and from thence we proceed on that known military way to the certain stations of High Cross, Leicester, Willoughby, Bridgeford, Brough, and Lincoln.
Iter XV.Sites of the Stations.(5) A Londinio, per Clausentum, in Londinium usque, sic:—From London through Bittern, again to London.CorrectedNumbers.(122) Caleba m.p.XLIIIIXLIIIISilchester.(138) VindomiXVXVNear St. Mary Bourne.(139) Venta BelgarumXXIXXIWinchester.(140) Ad LapidemVIVIStoneham.(141) ClausentoIIIIIIIIBittern, near Southampton.(142) Portu MagnoXXVPortchester.(143) RegnoXXVChichester.(144) Ad DecimumXXOn the Arun.(145) Anderida Portu...[719]XLVPevensey.(146) Ad LemanumXXVXXVOn the Rother.(147) Lemaniano PortuXXXLymne.(148) DubrisXXDover.(1) Rhutupis ColoniaXXVRichborough.(149) RegulbioXVIIIIReculver.(2) ContiopoliXXCanterbury.(3) DurelevoXVIIIXIIStone Chaple in Ospringe.(150) MadoXIIXVIIIOn the bank of the Medway.(151) VagnacaXVIIIVIIIIBarkfields in Southfleet.(152) Novio MagoXVIIIXVHolwood Hill.(5) LondinioXVXVLondon.
This Iter leads from London to the south-west part of Hampshire, and from thence, skirting the Sussex and Kentish coasts, back to the capital.
At the first step the author gives forty-four miles as the distance between London and Silchester, instead of forty, as in the twelfth Iter; hence we may deviate a little in settling the site ofBibracteorAd Pontes. Of the next station we can merely offer a conjecture. As the country of the Atrebates and their capital,Callevaor Silchester, is by our author described as lying near the Thames, in distinction from that of the Segontiaci,[720]whose capital,Vindomis, was further distant from that river, and nearer the Kennet, one point only appears to suit the distances, which bears the proper relation to the neighbouring stations, and at the same time falls at the intersection of two known Roman roads. This is in the neighbourhood of St. Mary Bourne, and affords reason for considering Egbury Camp, or some spot near it, as the capital of the Segontiaci. For by following the Roman road called the Portway from Silchester, at the distance of fifteen miles is the rivulet near St. Mary Bourne, and not far from it, the point where the Portway is intersected by the Roman road from Winchester to Cirencester; and proceeding along this last we have another distance of twenty-one miles to Winchester. The road from Winchester by Otterbourne to Stoneham, and thence by the Green Lane to Bittern, is well known, and the distance sufficiently exact. But from thence, although traces of the road are occasionally discoverable on Ridgway, and to the north of Bursledon Hill, pointing towards Fareham and Portchester, yet the latter part is almost totally unknown or lost. From Portchester it ran in the track of the present turnpike to Chichester; and over the Arun not far from Arundel; and then along the coast to Pevensey, the banks of the Rother, Lymne, Dover, Richborough, Reculver, and Canterbury. There falling into the track ofthe first Iter, it went along the Watling Street to the bank of the Medway, and passing that river, proceeded by Barkfields in Southfleet, a station omitted before, across the country with the ancient Watling Street, (by a road now unknown[721]), to Holwood Hill, the capital of the Regni, and from thence to London.