577.E. Gurney,Phantasms of the Living, p. 183.
577.E. Gurney,Phantasms of the Living, p. 183.
578.Lecky,History of Rationalism, p. 77.
578.Lecky,History of Rationalism, p. 77.
579.R. Calef, the opponent of Cotton Mather, quotes an instance of this kind. One Margaret Rule, having been seized with fits, “... some of the neighbours were forward enough to suspect the rise of the mischief in a house hard by, where lived a Miserable Woman who had been formerly imprisoned on the suspicion of witchcraft, who had frequently cured very painful hurts by muttering over them certain charms which I [? C. M.] shall not endanger the Poysoning of my Reader by repeating.”—More Wonders of the Invisible World, p. 3. Boston, 1700.
579.R. Calef, the opponent of Cotton Mather, quotes an instance of this kind. One Margaret Rule, having been seized with fits, “... some of the neighbours were forward enough to suspect the rise of the mischief in a house hard by, where lived a Miserable Woman who had been formerly imprisoned on the suspicion of witchcraft, who had frequently cured very painful hurts by muttering over them certain charms which I [? C. M.] shall not endanger the Poysoning of my Reader by repeating.”—More Wonders of the Invisible World, p. 3. Boston, 1700.
580.See O. M. Hueffer,The Book of Witches. London, 1908.
580.See O. M. Hueffer,The Book of Witches. London, 1908.
581.See action of Richard III.
581.See action of Richard III.
582.The full indictment against Lord Hungerford, who was beheaded on Tower Hill along with Thomas Cromwell, by Henry VIII.
582.The full indictment against Lord Hungerford, who was beheaded on Tower Hill along with Thomas Cromwell, by Henry VIII.
583.P. de l’Ancre,Seconde Considération. As to the kind of offences “qui se trouvent enveloppés dans le sortilège,”Tableau de l’inconstance des Mauvais Anges. Paris, 1612.
583.P. de l’Ancre,Seconde Considération. As to the kind of offences “qui se trouvent enveloppés dans le sortilège,”Tableau de l’inconstance des Mauvais Anges. Paris, 1612.
584.J. Bodin,Démonologie, p. 60. Paris, 1580.
584.J. Bodin,Démonologie, p. 60. Paris, 1580.
585.Shamanism, etc. See, for instance, Elie Reclus,Primitive Folk, pp. 68, 70. London, 1889.
585.Shamanism, etc. See, for instance, Elie Reclus,Primitive Folk, pp. 68, 70. London, 1889.
586.The most tainted or prejudiced evidence was received in these kinds of cases. SeeConcilium BiterrenseofA.D.1246, c. 12. Labbé, tom. xxiii. p. 718.
586.The most tainted or prejudiced evidence was received in these kinds of cases. SeeConcilium BiterrenseofA.D.1246, c. 12. Labbé, tom. xxiii. p. 718.
587.Scot,Discoverie, bk. i. chap. iii.
587.Scot,Discoverie, bk. i. chap. iii.
588.Mostly poor, miserable old women, Glanvil admits.—Saducismus, p. 29.
588.Mostly poor, miserable old women, Glanvil admits.—Saducismus, p. 29.
589.“None ever talked to themselves who were not witches,” asserted one of the common prickers.—Mackay,Delusions, p. 147.
589.“None ever talked to themselves who were not witches,” asserted one of the common prickers.—Mackay,Delusions, p. 147.
590.Especially as they often pretended, or really believed in, powers and curses, and, being quite helpless on the material side, invoked the aid of supernatural terrors to get assistance and be looked upon with fear.
590.Especially as they often pretended, or really believed in, powers and curses, and, being quite helpless on the material side, invoked the aid of supernatural terrors to get assistance and be looked upon with fear.
591.Various persons accused of witchcraft, says Boguet, “ont confessé qu’ils faisoient la gresle en Sabbat afin de gaster les fruicts de la terre.”—Discours des sorciers, p. 144. Storms were supposed to be occasioned by the devils. “Telle est l’origine de l’habitude de sonner les cloches pendant les orages.”—L. F. A. Maury,La Magie, p. 102. Paris, 1860.
591.Various persons accused of witchcraft, says Boguet, “ont confessé qu’ils faisoient la gresle en Sabbat afin de gaster les fruicts de la terre.”—Discours des sorciers, p. 144. Storms were supposed to be occasioned by the devils. “Telle est l’origine de l’habitude de sonner les cloches pendant les orages.”—L. F. A. Maury,La Magie, p. 102. Paris, 1860.
592.Bodin,Démonologie, p. 171.
592.Bodin,Démonologie, p. 171.
593.Scot,Discoverie, p. 17. And this was also practised on a prisoner accused of sorcery before James I.—Lecky,History of Rationalism, p. 114.
593.Scot,Discoverie, p. 17. And this was also practised on a prisoner accused of sorcery before James I.—Lecky,History of Rationalism, p. 114.
594.One of the early inquirers as to the witch trials took a friend in with him to witness a torturing. As an experiment, he asked the prisoner if his companion, an entire stranger, had not been one of her accomplices, and the poor creature moaned out that he had.
594.One of the early inquirers as to the witch trials took a friend in with him to witness a torturing. As an experiment, he asked the prisoner if his companion, an entire stranger, had not been one of her accomplices, and the poor creature moaned out that he had.
595.“Le diable est si bon maistre que nous n’en pouvons envoyer si grand nombre au feu, que de leurs cendres il n’en renaisse de nouveau d’autres.”—Florimonde de Raemond,Antichrist, p. 103. Lyons, 1597.
595.“Le diable est si bon maistre que nous n’en pouvons envoyer si grand nombre au feu, que de leurs cendres il n’en renaisse de nouveau d’autres.”—Florimonde de Raemond,Antichrist, p. 103. Lyons, 1597.
596.It became a common prayer with women of the humbler class that they might not live to be old. It was sufficient to be aged, poor, or half-crazed to ensure death at the stake or on the scaffold.—Mackay,Delusions, p. 116.
596.It became a common prayer with women of the humbler class that they might not live to be old. It was sufficient to be aged, poor, or half-crazed to ensure death at the stake or on the scaffold.—Mackay,Delusions, p. 116.
597.History of Rationalism, p. 3.
597.History of Rationalism, p. 3.
598.Mackay,Delusions, p. 159.
598.Mackay,Delusions, p. 159.
599.Lecky,History of Rationalism, p. 4.
599.Lecky,History of Rationalism, p. 4.
600.Quoted by W. B. Gerish,A Hertfordshire Witch. London, 1906.
600.Quoted by W. B. Gerish,A Hertfordshire Witch. London, 1906.
601.Mackay,Delusions, p. 139.
601.Mackay,Delusions, p. 139.
602.H. C. Lea,History of the Inquisition in Spain. New York, 1907.
602.H. C. Lea,History of the Inquisition in Spain. New York, 1907.
603.W. F. Poole,Salem Witchcraft. Boston, 1869.
603.W. F. Poole,Salem Witchcraft. Boston, 1869.
604.300,000 women are said to have been slaughtered since Innocent’s Bull of 1484. See an important article inChamber’s Encyclopædia, x. p. 698, ed. of 1901.
604.300,000 women are said to have been slaughtered since Innocent’s Bull of 1484. See an important article inChamber’s Encyclopædia, x. p. 698, ed. of 1901.
605.F. de Raemond,L’Antichrist, p. 102.One writer estimated the number of sorcerers living in Europe at 1,800,000. See Calmeil, tom. i. p. 217.
605.F. de Raemond,L’Antichrist, p. 102.
One writer estimated the number of sorcerers living in Europe at 1,800,000. See Calmeil, tom. i. p. 217.
606.James Howell,Familiar Letters, 1688.
606.James Howell,Familiar Letters, 1688.
607.Scot,Discoverie, p. 16.
607.Scot,Discoverie, p. 16.
608.Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. xxiv. p. 622.
608.Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. xxiv. p. 622.
609.“On the enactment of the statute to repeal the law, vanished all those imaginary powers so absurdly attributed to old women oppressed with age and poverty.”—H. Arnot,Criminal Trials, p. 369.
609.“On the enactment of the statute to repeal the law, vanished all those imaginary powers so absurdly attributed to old women oppressed with age and poverty.”—H. Arnot,Criminal Trials, p. 369.
610.The late Mr. Gurney, of the Psychical Research Society, found, after a most extensive investigation, “a total absence of respectable evidence, and an almost total absence of any first-hand evidence at all, for those phenomena of magic and witchcraft which cannot be accounted for as the results of diseased imagination, hysteria, hypnotism, and occasionally, perhaps, telepathy.”—Phantasms of the Living, i. p. 172.
610.The late Mr. Gurney, of the Psychical Research Society, found, after a most extensive investigation, “a total absence of respectable evidence, and an almost total absence of any first-hand evidence at all, for those phenomena of magic and witchcraft which cannot be accounted for as the results of diseased imagination, hysteria, hypnotism, and occasionally, perhaps, telepathy.”—Phantasms of the Living, i. p. 172.
611.See E. B. Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 130.
611.See E. B. Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 130.
612.J. B. Tuke in theEncy. Brit.
612.J. B. Tuke in theEncy. Brit.
613.E. Westermarck,The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, i. p. 269.
613.E. Westermarck,The Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, i. p. 269.
614.Westermarck,Moral Ideas, i. p. 270.
614.Westermarck,Moral Ideas, i. p. 270.
615.E. B. Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 117.
615.E. B. Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 117.
616.See, for instance, the story called “The Sleeper Awakened” in theArabian Nights.
616.See, for instance, the story called “The Sleeper Awakened” in theArabian Nights.
617.The severities to which the insane were subjected by various tribes are mentioned by Westermarck inMoral Ideas, i. p. 271.
617.The severities to which the insane were subjected by various tribes are mentioned by Westermarck inMoral Ideas, i. p. 271.
618.John Conolly,Treatment of the Insane, p. 4. London, 1856.
618.John Conolly,Treatment of the Insane, p. 4. London, 1856.
619.F. Beach,Psychology in John Hunter’s Time; “they served as a sport to visitors at assizes, fairs, and other times,” p. 4. Hunterian Oration. London, 1891.
619.F. Beach,Psychology in John Hunter’s Time; “they served as a sport to visitors at assizes, fairs, and other times,” p. 4. Hunterian Oration. London, 1891.
620.For an account of these wandering Tom o’ Bedlams, see Isaac D’Israeli,Curiosities of Literature, ii. p. 343. London, 1849.
620.For an account of these wandering Tom o’ Bedlams, see Isaac D’Israeli,Curiosities of Literature, ii. p. 343. London, 1849.
621.“Come, march to wakes and fairs and market-town. Poor Tom, thy horn is dry.”—Lear, iii. 6.
621.“Come, march to wakes and fairs and market-town. Poor Tom, thy horn is dry.”—Lear, iii. 6.
622.Lear, iii. 4.
622.Lear, iii. 4.
623.Walter Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 378. London, 1902.
623.Walter Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 378. London, 1902.
624.This lasted right into the nineteenth century; see D. H. Tuke,Chapters in the History of the Insane, p. 128. London, 1882.
624.This lasted right into the nineteenth century; see D. H. Tuke,Chapters in the History of the Insane, p. 128. London, 1882.
625.See, for instance, W. Besant,London in the Time of the Stuarts, p. 236. London, 1903. And for a particularly filthy mixture advised “For a man haunted by apparitions,” Cockayne, i. p. 365.
625.See, for instance, W. Besant,London in the Time of the Stuarts, p. 236. London, 1903. And for a particularly filthy mixture advised “For a man haunted by apparitions,” Cockayne, i. p. 365.
626.Oswald Cockayne,Leechdoms, Wort Gunning, and Starcraft, pp. 361, 365. London, 1864.
626.Oswald Cockayne,Leechdoms, Wort Gunning, and Starcraft, pp. 361, 365. London, 1864.
627.Cockayne, pp. 101, 161, 169.
627.Cockayne, pp. 101, 161, 169.
628.Cockayne, i. p. 249.
628.Cockayne, i. p. 249.
629.Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 127.
629.Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 127.
630.Joseph Bingham,Antiquities of the Christian Church, i. p. 322.
630.Joseph Bingham,Antiquities of the Christian Church, i. p. 322.
631.Bingham, p. 323.
631.Bingham, p. 323.
632.F. A. Gasquet,Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries, p. 463.
632.F. A. Gasquet,Henry VIII. and the English Monasteries, p. 463.
633.There were, says Maury, “de véritables litanies d’anathèmes contre Satan.”—La Magie, p. 319.
633.There were, says Maury, “de véritables litanies d’anathèmes contre Satan.”—La Magie, p. 319.
634.J. Bingham,Antiquities of the Christian Church, i. p. 321. See also Paul Verdun,Le Diable dans la vie des saints, p. 2;Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. viii. p. 806.
634.J. Bingham,Antiquities of the Christian Church, i. p. 321. See also Paul Verdun,Le Diable dans la vie des saints, p. 2;Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. viii. p. 806.
635.“The so-called Fourth Council of Carthage (anno 396) prescribes a form for the ordination of exorcists the same in substance as that given in the Roman Pontifical, and used at this day.”—Addis and Arnold,Catholic Dictionary, art. “Exorcism.” London, 1903.A man who was said to have been possessed by seven devils was exorcised by seven clergymen at the Temple Church, Bristol, in 1788.—Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 128. See also L. A. Maury,La Magie, p. 331.
635.“The so-called Fourth Council of Carthage (anno 396) prescribes a form for the ordination of exorcists the same in substance as that given in the Roman Pontifical, and used at this day.”—Addis and Arnold,Catholic Dictionary, art. “Exorcism.” London, 1903.
A man who was said to have been possessed by seven devils was exorcised by seven clergymen at the Temple Church, Bristol, in 1788.—Tylor,Primitive Culture, ii. p. 128. See also L. A. Maury,La Magie, p. 331.
636.Already in the fifth century Pope Innocent I. forbade the exorcists from exercising their ministry without the express permission of the bishop, and that order is in force. See also Louis Duchesne,Christian Worship, M. L. Maclure’s trans. p. 349. London, 1904.
636.Already in the fifth century Pope Innocent I. forbade the exorcists from exercising their ministry without the express permission of the bishop, and that order is in force. See also Louis Duchesne,Christian Worship, M. L. Maclure’s trans. p. 349. London, 1904.
637.Addis and Arnold,Cath. Dict.p. 444.
637.Addis and Arnold,Cath. Dict.p. 444.
638.Or this prayer of Pope Leo XIII.; “S. Michel Archange ... repoussez en enfer par la vertu divine Satan, et les autres esprits mauvais, qui errent dans le monde cherchant des âmes à perdre.” Quoted by P. Verdun, ii. p. 314.
638.Or this prayer of Pope Leo XIII.; “S. Michel Archange ... repoussez en enfer par la vertu divine Satan, et les autres esprits mauvais, qui errent dans le monde cherchant des âmes à perdre.” Quoted by P. Verdun, ii. p. 314.
639.D. H. Tuke,Hist. Insane, p. 14.
639.D. H. Tuke,Hist. Insane, p. 14.
640.F. Beach,Psychology in John Hunter’s Time, p. 2.
640.F. Beach,Psychology in John Hunter’s Time, p. 2.
641.L. A. Maury,La Magie, p. 329.
641.L. A. Maury,La Magie, p. 329.
642.Cockayne,Leechdoms, ii. bk. iii. p. 335.
642.Cockayne,Leechdoms, ii. bk. iii. p. 335.
643.W. A. F. Browne,What Asylums were, are, and ought to be, p. 101. Edinburgh, 1837.
643.W. A. F. Browne,What Asylums were, are, and ought to be, p. 101. Edinburgh, 1837.
644.See Tylor,Primitive Culture, i. p. 258.R. Routledge,Hist. Science, p. 5. London, 1881.Edward Carpenter,The Art of Creation, p. 36. London, 1904.
644.See Tylor,Primitive Culture, i. p. 258.
R. Routledge,Hist. Science, p. 5. London, 1881.
Edward Carpenter,The Art of Creation, p. 36. London, 1904.
645.It may be interesting to compare 1 Kings xxii. 20.John Lubbock (Lord Avebury),Origin of Civilisation, p. 32. London, 1889.
645.It may be interesting to compare 1 Kings xxii. 20.
John Lubbock (Lord Avebury),Origin of Civilisation, p. 32. London, 1889.
646.Certain savages mentioned by Tylor endeavoured to stay the progress of small-pox germs after this fashion.—Primitive Culture, ii. p. 115.
646.Certain savages mentioned by Tylor endeavoured to stay the progress of small-pox germs after this fashion.—Primitive Culture, ii. p. 115.
647.See, for instance, Abbot Richalmus,Liber revelationum de insidiis et versutiis daemonum inversus homines.
647.See, for instance, Abbot Richalmus,Liber revelationum de insidiis et versutiis daemonum inversus homines.
648.“... but as I knew it was the Devil,” wrote Luther, “I paid no attention to him and went to sleep.”
648.“... but as I knew it was the Devil,” wrote Luther, “I paid no attention to him and went to sleep.”
649.Primitive Culture, i. p. 409.
649.Primitive Culture, i. p. 409.
650.E. B. Tylor,Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. vii. p. 63, etc.
650.E. B. Tylor,Ency. Brit.ninth ed. vol. vii. p. 63, etc.
651.Cheyne and Black,Ency. Bib.art. “Satan,” by Gray and Massie.F. T. Hall,The Pedigree of the Devil. London, 1883.J. Tulloch inEncy. Brit.ninth ed. art. “Devil.”
651.Cheyne and Black,Ency. Bib.art. “Satan,” by Gray and Massie.
F. T. Hall,The Pedigree of the Devil. London, 1883.
J. Tulloch inEncy. Brit.ninth ed. art. “Devil.”
652.Satan, said Tertullian, is God’s ape. He was indeed supposed to possess a tail; this might be severed, but it would grow again.
652.Satan, said Tertullian, is God’s ape. He was indeed supposed to possess a tail; this might be severed, but it would grow again.
653.A. Reville,The Devil, pp. 40, 42. London, 1871.
653.A. Reville,The Devil, pp. 40, 42. London, 1871.
654.L. W. Cushman,The Devil and the Vice. London, 1897.
654.L. W. Cushman,The Devil and the Vice. London, 1897.
655.Tylor,Primitive Culture, p. 77.
655.Tylor,Primitive Culture, p. 77.
656.P. Verdun,Le Diable dans la vie des saints, p. 97.
656.P. Verdun,Le Diable dans la vie des saints, p. 97.
657.S. Baring Gould,Lives of the Saints, v. p. 278. London, 1897.
657.S. Baring Gould,Lives of the Saints, v. p. 278. London, 1897.
658.P. Carus,The History of the Devil, pp. 255, 256. London, 1900.
658.P. Carus,The History of the Devil, pp. 255, 256. London, 1900.
659.John Ashton,The Devil in Britain and America, p. 87. London, 1896.
659.John Ashton,The Devil in Britain and America, p. 87. London, 1896.
660.Carus,The History of the Devil, p. 343.
660.Carus,The History of the Devil, p. 343.
661.R. Burton,Anatomy of Melancholy, Pt. i. sec. ii. p. 57, ed. 1806.
661.R. Burton,Anatomy of Melancholy, Pt. i. sec. ii. p. 57, ed. 1806.
662.Maury,La Magie, p. 310.
662.Maury,La Magie, p. 310.
663.The same idea is found among many savages. In a certain tribe referred to by Dr. Tylor, “The dancing of women by demoniacal possession is treated ... by the doctor thrashing them soundly with a stick, the demon, and not the patient, being considered to feel the blows.”—Primitive Culture, ii. p. 124.
663.The same idea is found among many savages. In a certain tribe referred to by Dr. Tylor, “The dancing of women by demoniacal possession is treated ... by the doctor thrashing them soundly with a stick, the demon, and not the patient, being considered to feel the blows.”—Primitive Culture, ii. p. 124.
664.See, for instance. Abbot Richalmus, capud xxvi.De efficacia salis et aquae.
664.See, for instance. Abbot Richalmus, capud xxvi.De efficacia salis et aquae.
665.D. H. Tuke,History of the Insane, p. 21.
665.D. H. Tuke,History of the Insane, p. 21.
666.In many ancient drawings they are depicted blown from the mouth, little black monsters mingled in a cloud; there were other manners of egress.
666.In many ancient drawings they are depicted blown from the mouth, little black monsters mingled in a cloud; there were other manners of egress.
667.The Scarlet Letter, chap. iv.
667.The Scarlet Letter, chap. iv.
668.The people even of those early days, say Maury, “bien qu’attribuant la folie à une cause imaginaire n’en avaient pas moins connu que c’était une véritable maladie.”—La Magie, p. 309.
668.The people even of those early days, say Maury, “bien qu’attribuant la folie à une cause imaginaire n’en avaient pas moins connu que c’était une véritable maladie.”—La Magie, p. 309.
669.Chap. xxxvii. London, 1542.
669.Chap. xxxvii. London, 1542.
670.Twelfth Night, Act iii. Sc. 4.
670.Twelfth Night, Act iii. Sc. 4.
671.W. Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 536.
671.W. Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 536.
672.W. E. H. Lecky,History of England in the Eighteenth Century, vi. p. 257. London, 1887.
672.W. E. H. Lecky,History of England in the Eighteenth Century, vi. p. 257. London, 1887.
673.Andrew Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 10. London, 1828.
673.Andrew Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 10. London, 1828.
674.W. A. F. Browne,What Asylums were, p. 105.
674.W. A. F. Browne,What Asylums were, p. 105.
675.J. Conolly,Treatment of the Insane, p. 7.
675.J. Conolly,Treatment of the Insane, p. 7.
676.See M. Esquirol,Mémoire sur la Maison Royale de Charenton, p. 10.
676.See M. Esquirol,Mémoire sur la Maison Royale de Charenton, p. 10.
677.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 52.
677.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 52.
678.W. Besant,London in the Time of the Stuarts, p. 237.
678.W. Besant,London in the Time of the Stuarts, p. 237.
679.J. B. Tuke, art. “Insanity,”Ency. Brit.ninth ed.
679.J. B. Tuke, art. “Insanity,”Ency. Brit.ninth ed.
680.Many asylums were built under the Act of 1808, but before that the pauper patients had been “crowded into the damp dungeons of our public workhouses, or shut up in houses of detention and ill-regulated prisons.”—A. Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 10.
680.Many asylums were built under the Act of 1808, but before that the pauper patients had been “crowded into the damp dungeons of our public workhouses, or shut up in houses of detention and ill-regulated prisons.”—A. Halliday,Lunatic Asylums, p. 10.
681.Treatment of the Insane.
681.Treatment of the Insane.
682.Oscar Wilde,Ballad of Reading Gaol, p. 24.
682.Oscar Wilde,Ballad of Reading Gaol, p. 24.
683.Robert Jones,An Inquiry into the Nature of Nervous Fevers. London, 1785.
683.Robert Jones,An Inquiry into the Nature of Nervous Fevers. London, 1785.
684.W. Cullen,First Lines of the Practice of Physic, iv. p. 153. Edinburgh, 1789.
684.W. Cullen,First Lines of the Practice of Physic, iv. p. 153. Edinburgh, 1789.
685.Cullen, p. 171.
685.Cullen, p. 171.
686.Ibid.p. 164.See also R. Mead,Monita et praecepta medica, p. 67; he says, however, that fast binding is sufficient. London, 1751.
686.Ibid.p. 164.
See also R. Mead,Monita et praecepta medica, p. 67; he says, however, that fast binding is sufficient. London, 1751.
687.Page 149,ante. Dr. Haslam flogged lunatics at stated periods to avert outbreaks.—Conolly, p. 12.
687.Page 149,ante. Dr. Haslam flogged lunatics at stated periods to avert outbreaks.—Conolly, p. 12.
688.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 107.F. Beach,Psychological Medicine. He also alludes to John Wesley’sPrescriptions, p. 6, etc.Andrew Wynter,The Borderland of Insanity, J. M. Granville’s ed. p. 70. London, 1877.
688.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 107.
F. Beach,Psychological Medicine. He also alludes to John Wesley’sPrescriptions, p. 6, etc.
Andrew Wynter,The Borderland of Insanity, J. M. Granville’s ed. p. 70. London, 1877.
689.“The vagrant action of the limbs was suppressed, but the source of irritation in the brain was left out of consideration.”—Conolly.
689.“The vagrant action of the limbs was suppressed, but the source of irritation in the brain was left out of consideration.”—Conolly.
690.Quoted by Beach, Hunterian Oration, 1891.
690.Quoted by Beach, Hunterian Oration, 1891.
691.W. Massie,A History of England during the Reign of George III., iii. p. 207. London, 1865.See also J. M. D. Meiklejohn,Hist. Eng.Pt. ii. p. 330.
691.W. Massie,A History of England during the Reign of George III., iii. p. 207. London, 1865.
See also J. M. D. Meiklejohn,Hist. Eng.Pt. ii. p. 330.
692.Massie,Hist.p. 208.
692.Massie,Hist.p. 208.
693.Wynter,Insanity, p. 80.
693.Wynter,Insanity, p. 80.
694.J. H. Jesse,Memoirs of the Life of George III., iii. pp. 95 and 274. Later on he was placed in the better care of Dr. Willis, a clergyman who was much celebrated for his management of mad people; see Jesse, iii. p. 90, etc.
694.J. H. Jesse,Memoirs of the Life of George III., iii. pp. 95 and 274. Later on he was placed in the better care of Dr. Willis, a clergyman who was much celebrated for his management of mad people; see Jesse, iii. p. 90, etc.
695.Hunterian Oration, p. 5.
695.Hunterian Oration, p. 5.
696.Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 377. See also Charles Reade’s book,Hard Cash.
696.Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 377. See also Charles Reade’s book,Hard Cash.
697.See Conolly’s description of the old-time reception of a private patient.—Treatment of the Insane, p. 138.
697.See Conolly’s description of the old-time reception of a private patient.—Treatment of the Insane, p. 138.
698.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 171.
698.D. H. Tuke,Hist.p. 171.
699.R. Gardner Hill,Lunacy; its Past and its Present, p. 7. London, 1870.
699.R. Gardner Hill,Lunacy; its Past and its Present, p. 7. London, 1870.
700.R. Gardner Hill, p. 6.
700.R. Gardner Hill, p. 6.
701.J. B. Sharpe,Report and Minutes of Evidence on the Madhouses of England; evidence of G. Higgins, pp. 12 and 13; of R. Fowler, p. 308; and of H. Alabaster, p. 326. London, 1815.
701.J. B. Sharpe,Report and Minutes of Evidence on the Madhouses of England; evidence of G. Higgins, pp. 12 and 13; of R. Fowler, p. 308; and of H. Alabaster, p. 326. London, 1815.
702.Edinburgh Review, xxviii. p. 445. Edinburgh, 1817.
702.Edinburgh Review, xxviii. p. 445. Edinburgh, 1817.
703.Jonathan Gray,History of York Asylum, p. 12. York, 1815.
703.Jonathan Gray,History of York Asylum, p. 12. York, 1815.
704.See Conolly’s amazing denunciation in hisTreatment of the Insane.
704.See Conolly’s amazing denunciation in hisTreatment of the Insane.
705.A female patient was got with child by the head keeper; he was subsequently given a piece of plate, and kept a private madhouse of his own; see Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.p. 14.
705.A female patient was got with child by the head keeper; he was subsequently given a piece of plate, and kept a private madhouse of his own; see Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.p. 14.
706.Gray, chap. iv.;ibid.p. 26; Beach, p. 4.
706.Gray, chap. iv.;ibid.p. 26; Beach, p. 4.
707.S. W. Nicoll,An Enquiry into the Present State and Visitation of Asylums, p. 10, etc. London, 1828.
707.S. W. Nicoll,An Enquiry into the Present State and Visitation of Asylums, p. 10, etc. London, 1828.
708.Sharpe, p. 12; Gray, p. 23.
708.Sharpe, p. 12; Gray, p. 23.
709.Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.pp. 277, 290, 297.
709.Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.pp. 277, 290, 297.
710.Ibid.p. 46.
710.Ibid.p. 46.
711.For instance, at Bethnal Green Asylum.—Beach, p. 12.
711.For instance, at Bethnal Green Asylum.—Beach, p. 12.
712.As late as 1837.—Tuke,Hist.p. 81.
712.As late as 1837.—Tuke,Hist.p. 81.
713.Sharpe, p. 46.
713.Sharpe, p. 46.
714.Ibid.p. 85.
714.Ibid.p. 85.
715.Ibid.p. 48.
715.Ibid.p. 48.
716.See Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, where a print is given of this prisoner in his cell at p. 375.
716.See Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, where a print is given of this prisoner in his cell at p. 375.
717.Treatment of the Insane, p. 28.
717.Treatment of the Insane, p. 28.
718.Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.p. 120.
718.Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.p. 120.
719.Ibid.p. 59.
719.Ibid.p. 59.
720.Tuke,Hist.p. 153.
720.Tuke,Hist.p. 153.
721.Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.p. 68.
721.Sharpe,Report and Min. of Ev.p. 68.
722.For an account of some of these, especially as used in Portugal into later times, see G. A. Tucker,Lunacy in Many Lands, pp. 16, 1346, etc. Sydney, 1887.
722.For an account of some of these, especially as used in Portugal into later times, see G. A. Tucker,Lunacy in Many Lands, pp. 16, 1346, etc. Sydney, 1887.
723.John Haslam,Observations on Madness, p. 317. London, 1809.
723.John Haslam,Observations on Madness, p. 317. London, 1809.
724.Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 377. There is also a reproduction of Hogarth’s “Scene in Bedlam” from the “Rake’s Progress.”
724.Besant,London in the Eighteenth Century, p. 377. There is also a reproduction of Hogarth’s “Scene in Bedlam” from the “Rake’s Progress.”